1
|
Opetová M, Tomašovský R, Mikuš P, Maráková K. Transient isotachophoresis-Capillary zone electrophoresis-Mass spectrometry method with off-line microscale solid phase extraction pretreatment for quantitation of intact low molecular mass proteins in various biological fluids. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1718:464697. [PMID: 38341901 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Quantification of proteins is still predominantly done by the traditional bottom-up approach. Targeting of intact proteins in complex biological matrices is connected with multiple challenges during the sample pretreatment, separation, and detection step of the analytical workflow. In this work, we focused on the development of an on-line hyphenated capillary zone electrophoresis-mass spectrometry method employing off-line microscale solid-phase extraction based on hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) sorbent as a sample pretreatment step for the analysis of low molecular mass intact proteins (<20 kDa) spiked in various biological fluids (human serum, plasma, urine, and saliva). A detailed optimization process involved the selection of a suitable capillary surface, background electrolyte (BGE), and comparison of two in-capillary preconcentration methods, namely transient isotachophoresis (tITP) and dynamic pH junction (DPJ), to enhance the sensitivity of the method. Optimum separation of the analytes was achieved using uncoated bare fused silica capillary employing 500 mM formic acid (pH 1.96) + 5 % (v/v) acetonitrile as BGE. tITP was utilized as an optimum preconcentration technique, achieving a 19- to 127-fold increase in the signal intensity when using 200 mM ammonium formate (adjusted to pH 4.00) as the leading electrolyte and BGE as the terminating electrolyte. Off-line microscale solid-phase extraction with various eluate treatment procedures was evaluated to ensure the compatibility of the sample pretreatment method with the selected in-capillary preconcentration, separation, and detection process. Achieved extraction recoveries of spiked proteins were in the range of 76-100 % for urine, 12-54 % for serum, 21-106 % for plasma, and 25-98 % for saliva when the eluate was evaporated and reconstituted in the solution of the leading electrolyte to achieve the tITP process. The optimum method was validated across different biological matrices, offering good linearity, accuracy, and precision, and making it suitable for proteomic studies (e.g., therapeutic drug monitoring, biomarker research) in different biological samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Opetová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32, Bratislava, Slovakia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radovan Tomašovský
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32, Bratislava, Slovakia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Mikuš
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32, Bratislava, Slovakia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Maráková
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32, Bratislava, Slovakia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Toxicological and Antidoping Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Nuclear Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mokshina NY, Pakhomova OA, Kim KB, Niftaliev SI. Extraction of Histidine, Proline, and Methionine and Their Mixtures Using Systems Based on N-VinylFormamide. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193482101007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
3
|
Kartsova LA, Makeeva DV, Bessonova EA. Current Status of Capillary Electrophoresis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934820120084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
4
|
Aitekenov S, Gaipov A, Bukasov R. Review: Detection and quantification of proteins in human urine. Talanta 2020; 223:121718. [PMID: 33303164 PMCID: PMC7554478 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Extensive medical research showed that patients, with high protein concentration in urine, have various kinds of kidney diseases, referred to as proteinuria. Urinary protein biomarkers are useful for diagnosis of many health conditions – kidney and cardio vascular diseases, cancers, diabetes, infections. This review focuses on the instrumental quantification (electrophoresis, chromatography, immunoassays, mass spectrometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, the infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy) of proteins (the most of all albumin) in human urine matrix. Different techniques provide unique information on what constituents of the urine are. Due to complex nature of urine, a separation step by electrophoresis or chromatography are often used for proteomics study of urine. Mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for the discovery and the analysis of biomarkers in urine, however, costs of the analysis are high, especially for quantitative analysis. Immunoassays, which often come with fluorescence detection, are major qualitative and quantitative tools in clinical analysis. While Infrared and Raman spectroscopies do not give extensive information about urine, they could become important tools for the routine clinical diagnostics of kidney problems, due to rapidness and low-cost. Thus, it is important to review all the applicable techniques and methods related to urine analysis. In this review, a brief overview of each technique's principle is introduced. Where applicable, research papers about protein determination in urine are summarized with the main figures of merits, such as the limit of detection, the detectable range, recovery and accuracy, when available. Urinary protein biomarkers are useful for diagnosis of many conditions: kidney and cardio vascular diseases, cancers. Liquid chromatography – mass spectroscopy is a powerful tool for urine proteomics, but used mostly in science. Immunoassays are widely used in both clinical and bio-analytical laboratories. IR and Raman spectroscopies are promising tools for diagnostics of urine due to low-cost and rapidness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Aitekenov
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Department of Chemistry, Nazarbaev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Abduzhappar Gaipov
- School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Nazarbaev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Rostislav Bukasov
- School of Sciences and Humanities, Department of Chemistry, Nazarbaev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li W, Qian Z, Li C, Guo D, Wei J, Liu X. On-Line Electrokinetic Supercharging and Sweeping for the Preconcentration and Determination of Nucleosides and Related Compounds by Capillary Electrophoresis. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1725033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Lake Pharma Company, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengming Qian
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Lake Pharma Company, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunhong Li
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Lake Pharma Company, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Dean Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangchun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang H, Yang FQ. Applications of polydopamine modifications in capillary electrophoretic analysis. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:342-359. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Feng-Qing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chun H. Electropreconcentration-induced local pH change. Electrophoresis 2017; 39:521-525. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Honggu Chun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Korea University; Seoul Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The future of immunocapture-capillary electrophoresis-high resolution mass spectrometry. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:1627-1631. [PMID: 29095042 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2017-4977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
|
9
|
Jouyban A, Hamidi S. Dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction using carbon-based adsorbents for the sensitive determination of verapamil in plasma samples coupled with capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Kimia Idea Pardaz Azarbayjan (KIPA) Science Based Company; Tabriz University of Medical Science; Tabriz Iran
| | - Samin Hamidi
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Science; Tabriz Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lu Y, Hou X, Wang D, Zhong H. Advances of a capillary electrophoretic on-line concentration technique: Electrokinetic supercharging. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1330756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Lu
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Dezhou University, Dezhou, P. R. China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - X. Hou
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Dezhou University, Dezhou, P. R. China
- Department of General Surgery, Dezhou People’s Hospital, Dezhou, P. R. China
| | - D. Wang
- Analysis and Testing Centre, Dezhou University, Dezhou, P. R. China
| | - H. Zhong
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Forough M, Farhadi K, Molaei R, Khalili H, Shakeri R, Zamani A, Matin AA. Capillary electrophoresis with online stacking in combination with AgNPs@MCM-41 reinforced hollow fiber solid-liquid phase microextraction for quantitative analysis of Capecitabine and its main metabolite 5-Fluorouracil in plasma samples isolated from cancer patients. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1040:22-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
12
|
Bol’shakova DS, Amelin VG. Determination of pesticides in environmental materials and food products by capillary electrophoresis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934816100026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
13
|
A dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and chiral separation of carvedilol in human plasma using capillary electrophoresis. Bioanalysis 2016; 7:1107-17. [PMID: 26039808 DOI: 10.4155/bio.15.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of simple, rapid and precise analysis of chiral drugs in biological samples is an important issue. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction in combination with CE using field amplified sample injection has been of interest because of its capability to analyze trace amount of drugs. METHODS Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction-CE-field amplified sample injection was employed for chiral separation of carvedilol in human plasma using UV-DAD detector and the developed method has been validated according to US FDA method validation guideline for bioanalysis. RESULTS The method was linear over a concentration range of 12.5-100 ng/ml for each carvedilol enantiomer (R(2) = 0.998) and the mean recoveries ranged from 91 to 107%. CONCLUSION The method was adapted for sensitive, selective and rapid determination of carvedilol enantiomers in human plasma samples.
Collapse
|
14
|
Kartsova LA, Bessonova EA. Biomedical applications of capillary electrophoresis. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2015. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
15
|
Kamentsev MY, Mamedova SN, Moskvin LN, Yakimova NM. Determination of chloride and sulfate ions in high-purity water by capillary electrophoresis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934814120077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
16
|
BOTELLO I, BORRULL F, AGUILAR C, CALULL M. In-line Solid-phase Extraction–Capillary Zone Electrophoresis for the Determination of Barbiturate Drugs in Human Urine. ANAL SCI 2014; 30:971-7. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.30.971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor BOTELLO
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili
| | - Francesc BORRULL
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili
| | - Carme AGUILAR
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili
| | - Marta CALULL
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Honegr J, Pospíšilová M. Determination of phenolic acids in plant extracts using CZE with on-line transient isotachophoretic preconcentration. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:729-35. [PMID: 23401390 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A novel transient ITP-CZE for preconcentration and determination of seven phenolic acids (caffeic acid, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, and vanilic acid) was developed and validated. Effects of several factors such as control of EOF, pH and buffer concentration, addition of organic solvents and CDs, and conditions for sample injection were investigated. Sample self-stacking was applied by means of induction of transient ITP, which was realized by adding sodium chloride into the sample. The CZE was realized in 200 mM borate buffer ((w)(s)pH 9.2) containing 37.5% methanol, 0.001% hexadimethrine bromide, and 15 mM 2-hydroxypropyl-β-CD. Under the optimal conditions for analysis, analytes were separated within 20 min. Linearity was tested for each compound in the concentration range of 0.1-10 μg/mL (R = 0.9906-0.9968) and the detection limits (S/N = 3) ranged from 11 ng/mL (protocatechuic acid) to 31 μg/mL (syringic acid). The validated method was applied to the ethanolic extract of Epilobium parviflorum, Onagraceae. The method of SPE was used for the precleaning of the sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Honegr
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Botello I, Borrull F, Calull M, Aguilar C. Electrokinetic supercharging in CE for the separation and preconcentration of barbiturate drugs in urine samples. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:524-31. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Botello
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Faculty of Chemistry; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Francesc Borrull
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Faculty of Chemistry; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Marta Calull
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Faculty of Chemistry; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Carme Aguilar
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Faculty of Chemistry; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abromeit H, Schaible AM, Werz O, Scriba GK. Chemometrics-guided development of a cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography method with head-column field amplified sample stacking for the analysis of 5-lipoxygenase metabolites. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1267:217-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
20
|
Rabanes HR, Aranas AT, Benbow NL, Quirino JP. Synergistic effect of field enhanced sample injection on micelle to solvent stacking in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1267:74-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
21
|
Glovinová E, Pospíchal J. Effective Pre-Concentration and Analysis of Heavy Metals Using Ligand Step Gradient Focusing in Combination with Isotachophoresis. Chromatographia 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-012-2345-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
22
|
Li J, Huang Y, Huang L, Ye L, Zhou Z, Xiang G, Xu L. Determination of imatinib mesylate and related compounds by field amplified sample stacking with large volume sample injection capillary electrophoresis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 70:26-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
23
|
Sursyakova VV, Kalyakin SN, Burmakina GV, Rubaylo AI. System peaks and optimization of anion separation in capillary electrophoresis with non-reversed electroosmotic flow. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934812090080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
24
|
Kartsova LA, Sidorova AA, Bessonova EA. Different methods of on-line preconcentration in the electrophoretic determination of amines, amino acids, and steroid hormones. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934812070039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
25
|
Botello I, Borrull F, Aguilar C, Calull M. Investigation of in-line solid-phase extraction capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of drugs of abuse and their metabolites in water samples. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:528-35. [PMID: 22287181 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, in-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) was used as an enrichment technique in combination with CE for the preconcentration and separation of 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP), cocaine (COC), codeine (COD) and 6-acetylmorphine (6AM). The separation buffer (BGE) used was 80 mM disodium phosphate anhydrous and 6 mM of HCl (final BGE pH of 3). The SPE extractor consists of a small segment of capillary filled with Oasis HLB sorbent and inserted into the inlet section of the electrophoretic capillary. Different parameters affecting preconcentration were evaluated, such as sample pH, the volume of the elution plug and sample injection time. The detection limits (LODs) reached for standard samples by in-line SPE-CE-UV ranged between 50 and 200 ng/L, with sensitivity enhancement factors ranging from 2300 to 5300. Reproducibility values (expressed in terms of relative standard deviation) were below 7.6% for standard samples. This is a simple and an effective method for the determination of the studied drugs of abuse and their metabolites. The applicability of the developed method was demonstrated in tap and river water samples which were directly analyzed without any off-line pretreatment. Analytical parameters were evaluated and LODs were between 70 and 270 ng/L with relative recoveries between 85 and 97%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Botello
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Faculty of Chemistry, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo, Tarragona, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li T, Booker CJ, Yeung KKC. Migration behaviour of discontinuous buffers in capillary electrophoresis during protein enrichment. Analyst 2012; 137:4766-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35548e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
27
|
Rabanes HR, Guidote AM, Quirino JP. Capillary electrophoresis of natural products: Highlights of the last five years (2006-2010). Electrophoresis 2011; 33:180-95. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
28
|
Sánchez-Hernández L, Castro-Puyana M, Marina ML, Crego AL. Recent approaches in sensitive enantioseparations by CE. Electrophoresis 2011; 33:228-42. [PMID: 22144098 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The latest strategies and instrumental improvements for enhancing the detection sensitivity in chiral analysis by CE are reviewed in this work. Following the previous reviews by García-Ruiz et al. (Electrophoresis 2006, 27, 195-212) and Sánchez-Hernández et al. (Electrophoresis 2008, 29, 237-251; Electrophoresis 2010, 31, 28-43), this review includes those papers that were published during the period from June 2009 to May 2011. These works describe the use of offline and online sample treatment techniques, online sample preconcentration techniques based on electrophoretic principles, and alternative detection systems to UV-Vis to increase the detection sensitivity. The application of the above-mentioned strategies, either alone or combined, to improve the sensitivity in the enantiomeric analysis of a broad range of samples, such as pharmaceutical, biological, food and environmental samples, enables to decrease the limits of detection up to 10⁻¹² M. The use of microchips to achieve sensitive chiral separations is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sánchez-Hernández
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Alcalá. Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kašička V. Recent developments in CE and CEC of peptides (2009-2011). Electrophoresis 2011; 33:48-73. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
30
|
Removal of sample background buffering ions and myoglobin enrichment via a pH junction created by discontinuous buffers in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:5705-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
31
|
Šišperová E, Glovinová E, Budilová J, Pospíchal J. Focusing of alkali earth metals in ligand step gradient. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3105-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
32
|
Wang Z, Liu C, Kang J. A highly sensitive method for enantioseparation of fenoprofen and amino acid derivatives by capillary electrophoresis with on-line sample preconcentration. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:1775-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
33
|
Řemínek R, Glatz Z. Study of atypical kinetic behaviour of cytochrome P450 2C9 isoform with diclofenac at low substrate concentrations by sweeping-MEKC combination. J Sep Sci 2011; 33:3201-6. [PMID: 20848598 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In view of the fact that several studies have shown that diclofenac hydroxylation by cytochrome P450 2C9 deviated from Michaelis-Menten kinetics at low substrate concentrations, sweeping combined with MEKC was applied for the kinetic study of this pharmacologically important reaction. A 50 μm fused silica capillary (56 cm effective length) was used to carry out all separations. 70 mM SDS in 20 mM phosphate 20 mM tetraborate buffer, pH 8.6, was used as the BGE. Injection was accomplished by the application of 50 mbar (5 kPa) pressure to the sample vial for 52 s. Separation was performed at 22 kV (positive polarity), with a capillary temperature of 25°C and detection at 200 nm. The higher sensitivity of the sweeping-MEKC combination compared with the simple MEKC method enabled this reaction to be fitted to a Hill kinetic model and confirmed the findings of other authors. A Michaelis constant of 2.91±0.10 μM, maximum reaction velocity of 9.16±0.16 nmol/min/nmol and Hill coefficient of 1.66±0.08 were determined. This value of Hill coefficient confirms the presence of a positive cooperativity at low diclofenac concentrations and supports the hypothesis of two substrates binding at or near the active site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Řemínek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li X, Hu J, Han H. Determination of cypromazine and its metabolite melamine in milk by cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping-capillary micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:323-30. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
35
|
Malá Z, Gebauer P, Boček P. Contemporary sample stacking in analytical electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2010; 32:116-26. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
36
|
Silva M. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography: A practical overview of current methodological and instrumental advances. Electrophoresis 2010; 32:149-65. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
37
|
Hasan MN, Park SH, Oh E, Song EJ, Ban E, Yoo YS. Sensitivity enhancement of CE and CE-MS for the analysis of peptides by a dynamic pH junction. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:3701-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
38
|
Botello I, Borrull F, Aguilar C, Calull M. Electrokinetic supercharging focusing in capillary zone electrophoresis of weakly ionizable analytes in environmental and biological samples. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:2964-73. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
39
|
Herrero M, García-Cañas V, Simo C, Cifuentes A. Recent advances in the application of capillary electromigration methods for food analysis and Foodomics. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:205-28. [PMID: 19967713 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The use of capillary electromigration methods to analyze foods and food components is reviewed in this work. Papers that were published during the period April 2007 to March 2009 are included following the previous review by García-Cañas and Cifuentes (Electrophoresis, 2008, 29, 294-309). These works include the analysis of amino acids, biogenic amines, peptides, proteins, DNAs, carbohydrates, phenols, polyphenols, pigments, toxins, pesticides, vitamins, additives, small organic and inorganic ions and other compounds found in foods and beverages, as well as those applications of CE for monitoring food interactions and food processing. The use of microchips, CE-MS, chiral-CE as well as other foreseen trends in food analysis are also discussed including their possibilities in the very new field of Foodomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Herrero
- Departamento de Caracterización de Alimentos, Instituto de Fermentaciones Industriales, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Erny GL, Rodrigues JEA, Gil AM, Barros AS, Esteves VI. Analysis of Non-Aromatic Organic Acids in Beer by CE and Direct Detection Mode with Diode Array Detection. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1377-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|