1
|
Im T, Lee J, Kim SC, Randrianandraina J, Lee JW, Chung MW, Park T, Low KH, Lee S, Oh SJ, Kang YC, Weon S, Lee JH, Kim SJ, Jeong S. Single stranded 1D-helical Cu coordination polymer for ultra-sensitive ammonia sensing at room temperature. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 39054937 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00651h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
With the increasing demand for ammonia applications, there is a significant focus on improving NH3 detection performance at room temperature. In this study, we introduce a groundbreaking NH3 gas sensor based on Cu(I)-based coordination polymers, featuring semiconducting, single stranded 1D-helical nanowires constructed from Cu-Cl and N-methylthiourea (MTCP). The MTCP demonstrates an exceptional response to NH3 gas (>900% at 100 ppm) and superior selectivity at room temperature compared to current materials. The interaction mechanism between NH3 and the MTCP sensor is elucidated through a combination of empirical results and computational calculations, leveraging a crystal-determined structure. This reveals the formation of NH3-Cu and NH3-H3C complexes, indicative of a thermodynamically favorable reaction. Additionally, Ag-doped MTCP exhibits higher selectivity and a response over two times greater than the original MTCP, establishing it as a prominent NH3 detection system at room temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taehun Im
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyun Lee
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea.
- Convergence Research Center for Solutions to Electromagnetic Interference in Future-mobility, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Kim
- Advanced Analysis and Data Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Joo-Won Lee
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea.
| | - Myoung Won Chung
- School of Health and Environmental Science & Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Taesung Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Seungkyu Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Soong Ju Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Chan Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Weon
- School of Health and Environmental Science & Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Lee
- Computational Science Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Joon Kim
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea.
- Convergence Research Center for Solutions to Electromagnetic Interference in Future-mobility, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nanoscience and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Jeong
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jan T, Raheem S, Hanif A, Rydzek G, Peerzada GM, Ariga K, Shang J, Rizvi MA. Adsorptive avidity of Prussian blue polypyrrole nanocomposite for elimination of water contaminants: a case study of malachite green and isoniazid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:16802-16820. [PMID: 38828626 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01053a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Persistent water contaminants include a variety of substances that evade natural cleaning processes posing severe risks to ecosystems. Their adsorptive elimination is a key approach to safer attenuation. Herein we present the design and development of Prussian blue incorporated polypyrrole (PPY/PB) hybrid nanocomposite as a high-performance adsorbent for the elimination of malachite green (M.G.), isoniazid (INH) and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) water contaminants. The nanocomposite synthesis was favored by strong dopant-polymer interactions, leading to a PPY/PB material with enhanced electro-active surface area compared to pristine PPY. The structure-activity response of the nanocomposite for the adsorption of target contaminants was unveiled by evaluating its maximum adsorption capacities under environmentally viable conditions. In-depth analysis and optimization of adsorption influencing factors (pH, temperature, and adsorbent dose) were performed. Using equilibrium studies, kinetic model fitting, aided with FTIR analysis, a multi-step mechanism for the adsorption of target contaminants on the nanocomposite was proposed. Furthermore, the PPY/PB nanocomposite also acts as a catalyst, enabling contaminant elimination following a synergistic scheme that was demonstrated using 4-NP contaminant. The synergetic adsorption and catalytic degradation of 4-NP using PPY/PB as adsorbent and catalyst was demonstrated in the presence of NaBH4 as a reducing agent in absence of light. In summary, this work highlights the targeted design of adsorbent, its optimization for adsorptive avidity, and the synergistic role of adsorption trapping in the catalytic degradation of persistent contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tabee Jan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir-190006, India.
| | - Shabnam Raheem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir-190006, India.
| | - Aamir Hanif
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage (IRC-HES), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaulthier Rydzek
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253, CNRS/ENSCM/UM, ENSCM, Montpellier cedex F-34295, France
| | - G M Peerzada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir-190006, India.
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8561, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jin Shang
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, 8 Yuexing 1st Road, Shenzhen Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Masood Ahmad Rizvi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir-190006, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fernández-Lodeiro A, Lodeiro JF, Losada-Garcia N, Nuti S, Capelo-Martinez JL, Palomo JM, Lodeiro C. Copper(i) as a reducing agent for the synthesis of bimetallic PtCu catalytic nanoparticles. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:4415-4423. [PMID: 37638153 PMCID: PMC10448313 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00158j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates the potential utilization of Cu(i) as a reducing agent for the transformation of the platinum salt K2PtCl4, resulting in the production of stable nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles exhibit a bimetallic composition, incorporating copper within their final structure. This approach offers a convenient and accessible methodology for the production of bimetallic nanostructures. The catalytic properties of these novel nanomaterials have been explored in various applications, including their use as artificial metalloenzymes and in the degradation of dyes. The findings underscore the significant potential of Cu(i)-mediated reduction in the development of functional nanomaterials with diverse catalytic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Fernández-Lodeiro
- BIOSCOPE Group, LAQV@REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon Caparica Campus Caparica 2829-516 Portugal
- PROTEOMASS Scientific Society, BIOSCOPE GROUP Laboratories Departmental Building, Ground Floor, FCT-UNL Caparica Campus 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Javier Fernández Lodeiro
- BIOSCOPE Group, LAQV@REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon Caparica Campus Caparica 2829-516 Portugal
- PROTEOMASS Scientific Society, BIOSCOPE GROUP Laboratories Departmental Building, Ground Floor, FCT-UNL Caparica Campus 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Noelia Losada-Garcia
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (ICP), CSIC Marie Curie 2 Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Silvia Nuti
- BIOSCOPE Group, LAQV@REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon Caparica Campus Caparica 2829-516 Portugal
- PROTEOMASS Scientific Society, BIOSCOPE GROUP Laboratories Departmental Building, Ground Floor, FCT-UNL Caparica Campus 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - José Luis Capelo-Martinez
- BIOSCOPE Group, LAQV@REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon Caparica Campus Caparica 2829-516 Portugal
- PROTEOMASS Scientific Society, BIOSCOPE GROUP Laboratories Departmental Building, Ground Floor, FCT-UNL Caparica Campus 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Jose M Palomo
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (ICP), CSIC Marie Curie 2 Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Carlos Lodeiro
- BIOSCOPE Group, LAQV@REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon Caparica Campus Caparica 2829-516 Portugal
- PROTEOMASS Scientific Society, BIOSCOPE GROUP Laboratories Departmental Building, Ground Floor, FCT-UNL Caparica Campus 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Elseman AM. AgSCN as a new hole transporting material for inverted perovskite solar cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7939. [PMID: 37193790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel HTM based on silver thiocyanate (AgSCN) was designed to be useable in p-i-n perovskite solar cells (PSCs). With mass yield, the AgSCN was synthesized in the lab and elucidated by XRD, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, UPS, and TGA. The production of thin, highly conformal AgSCN films that allow for quick carrier extraction and the collection was made possible by a fast solvent removal approach. Photoluminescence experiments have shown that adding AgSCN has improved the ability to transfer charges between HTL and perovskite layer compared to PEDOT:PSS at the interface. Crystallographic discrepancies in the polycrystalline perovskite film are discovered upon further examination of the film's microstructure and morphology, pointing to the development of templated perovskite on the surface of AgSCN. In comparison to devices due to the well-known PEDOT:PSS, the open circuit voltage (VOC) is increased by AgSCN with its high work function by 0.1-1.14 V (1.04 V for PEDOT:PSS). With a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.66%, a high-performance PSCs are effectively generated using CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite compared to 15.11% for controlled PEDOT:PSS devices. The solution-processed inorganic HTL was demonstrated employing straightforward in order to build durable and effective flexible p-i-n PSCs modules or their use as a front cell in hybrid tandem solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mourtada Elseman
- Electronic and Magnetic Materials Department, Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), Helwan, P.O. Box 87, Cairo, 11421, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chimlert J, Suktanarak P, Plainpan N, Paokhan M, Tuntulani T, Leeladee P. Cycloalkane Oxidation Catalyzed by Copper‐based Catalysts with H
2
O
2
under Mild Conditions. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jantira Chimlert
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Pattira Suktanarak
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences Thailand National Sport University Lampang Campus Lampang 52100 Thailand
| | - Nukorn Plainpan
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials (LIMNO) École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Station 6 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Mantana Paokhan
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Thawatchai Tuntulani
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Pannee Leeladee
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Clarkson AH, Kendall NR. X-ray absorption spectroscopy of copper and iron in sheep digesta. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 72:126987. [PMID: 35504155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bioavailable supply of copper to ruminants has long been problematic. Complexities in supply exist due to interactions with other dietary elements in the rumen, most notably with iron or molybdenum in combination with sulphur, which can result in copper binding preventing its absorption. The molybdenum-sulphur-copper interaction has been extensively studied over the years. However, very little is known about the iron-sulphur-copper interaction, especially its mode of action in the gastrointestinal tract. METHODS In the present work digesta from the rumen and jejunum of sheep fed a high copper, sulphur and iron diet was analysed using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). RESULTS X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) indicated that all of the copper and iron had changed in bonding in the rumen and that the oxidation state of the elements had been reduced into a mix of Fe2+ & Fe3+ and Cu+ with some Cu0. CONCLUSION The copper compounds were most likely to be thiol co-ordinated in line with Cu+ chemistry. Changes to the copper compounds took place in the jejunum, although thiols were still highly favoured the possible existence of a copper-iron-sulphur complex which also included oxygen and chloride was also observed. This possibly has some resemblance to the crystal structure of bornite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A H Clarkson
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - N R Kendall
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Suktanarak P, Leeladee P, Tuntulani T. Oxidative ligand cleavage in a copper(
II
) complex containing aniline moiety induced by copper(
II
) perchlorate in acetonitrile. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pattira Suktanarak
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences Thailand National Sports University Lampang Campus Lampang Thailand
| | - Pannee Leeladee
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Thawatchai Tuntulani
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Clarkson AH, Kendall NR. Comparison of X-ray absorption spectra from copper-loaded bovine and ovine livers. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 70:126910. [PMID: 34929614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2021.126910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper toxicity and hepatic copper accumulation pose a serious risk to ruminant health and production. Differences in the copper-handling mechanisms of cattle and sheep have been noted, not only in comparison to each other, but also in comparison to 'copper-tolerant' monogastric species. Ruminants appear less able to cope with rising liver copper concentration than monogastric counterparts, with sheep in general less able to cope with elevated copper intake than cattle. METHODS X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to investigate the differences between the livers of these species at high copper status. RESULTS The X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra indicated that the hepatic copper compound is most likely to be bound to metallothionein; consistent with monogastric species. CONCLUSION Although, most likely stored as copper-metallothionein, there may be a role for glutathione as a short-term, intermediate copper buffer which may have more relevance to sheep than cattle. The potential that thiomolybdate bound copper can be stored in the liver could not be ruled out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A H Clarkson
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - N R Kendall
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bashir S, Banday SM, Mustafa M, Rizvi MA. Complexation Modulated Iron Redox Systems for Waste Water Treatment: A Natural Attenuation Model. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shabnum Bashir
- Department of Chemistry University of Kashmir Hazratbal Srinagar 190006, J&K India
| | - Shazia M. Banday
- Department of Chemistry University of Kashmir Hazratbal Srinagar 190006, J&K India
| | - Mohd Mustafa
- Department of Chemistry University of Kashmir Hazratbal Srinagar 190006, J&K India
| | - Masood A. Rizvi
- Department of Chemistry University of Kashmir Hazratbal Srinagar 190006, J&K India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Investigation of phenol electrooxidation in aprotic non-aqueous solvents by using cyclic and normal pulse voltammetry. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
11
|
Wehbe M, Lo C, Leung AWY, Dragowska WH, Ryan GM, Bally MB. Copper (II) complexes of bidentate ligands exhibit potent anti-cancer activity regardless of platinum sensitivity status. Invest New Drugs 2017; 35:682-690. [PMID: 28733701 PMCID: PMC5694505 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-017-0488-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Insensitivity to platinum, either through inherent or acquired resistance, is a major clinical problem in the treatment of many solid tumors. Here, we explored the therapeutic potential of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), pyrithione (Pyr), plumbagin (Plum), 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ), clioquinol (CQ) copper complexes in a panel of cancer cell lines that differ in their sensitivity to platins (cisplatin/carboplatin) using a high-content imaging system. Our data suggest that the copper complexes were effective against both platinum sensitive (IC50 ~ 1 μM platinum) and insensitive (IC50 > 5 μM platinum) cell lines. Furthermore, copper complexes of DDC, Pyr and 8-HQ had greater therapeutic activity compared to the copper-free ligands in all cell lines; whereas the copper-dependent activities of Plum and CQ were cell-line specific. Four of the copper complexes (Cu(DDC)2, Cu(Pyr)2, Cu(Plum)2 and Cu(8-HQ)2) showed IC50 values less than that of cisplatin in all tested cell lines. The complex copper DDC (Cu(DDC)2) was selected for in vivo evaluation due to its low nano-molar range activity in vitro and the availability of an injectable liposomal formulation. Liposomal (Cu(DDC)2) was tested in a fast-growing platinum-resistant A2780-CP ovarian xenograft model and was found to achieve a statistically significant reduction (50%; p < 0.05) in tumour size. This work supports the potential use of copper-based therapeutics to treat cancers that are insensitive to platinum drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Wehbe
- Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2146 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Cody Lo
- Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Ada W Y Leung
- Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Wieslawa H Dragowska
- Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Gemma M Ryan
- Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Marcel B Bally
- Experimental Therapeutics, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2146 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
|