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Aguilera ÁY, Almeida VE, da Silva Oliveira NM, de Brito PF, Mendes EA, Veras G, Springer V. Combining capillary electrophoresis and chemometric tools for the straightforward determination of imidazolinone herbicides in plant-based milks. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 39373510 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highly polar herbicides, such as imidazolinones, are used for weed control to increase agricultural productivity and crop quality. However, their misapplication can lead to residues in ready-to-eat food with a potential health risk for consumers. Hence, the fast determination of these herbicides is necessary for timely action. In this work, an eco-friendly method based on capillary zone electrophoresis combined with chemometrics was used for the determination of imazapyr and imazamox in vegetable-based beverages such as soy and quinoa milk. RESULTS The analytical strategy consisted of only three steps: (i) protein precipitation prior to sample injection (ii) data pre-processing to reduce the background and make corrections on electrophoretic times shift, and (iii) resolution of fully overlapped capillary electrophoresis (CE) peaks by the well-known partial least square (PLS) algorithm, which extracts quantitative information attributed to the analytes. The method was successfully applied in the concentration range between 1.00 and 100 μg L-1 with coefficient of determination of the calibration (R2 cal) and prediction (R2 pred) > 0.90, residual prediction deviation of calibration (RPDcal) and of prediction (RPDpred) > 3, and relative error of prediction (REP) > 11 in the analyzed sample matrices, in the three built methods (quinoa samples, soy samples, and joint quinoa and soy samples). CONCLUSION The proposed methodology offers a simple and quick alternative for determining imidazolinones at trace concentrations in vegetable beverages, such as quinoa and soy milk, without complex sample preparation. The results were consistent with those obtained using more complex techniques, confirming the applicability of this method. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Y Aguilera
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Valber E Almeida
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual da Paraiba, Campina Grande, Brazil
| | | | | | - Enia Aguiar Mendes
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual da Paraiba, Campina Grande, Brazil
| | - Germano Veras
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual da Paraiba, Campina Grande, Brazil
| | - Valeria Springer
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Ong P, Yeh CW, Tsai IL, Lee WJ, Wang YJ, Chuang YK. Evaluation of convolutional neural network for non-destructive detection of imidacloprid and acetamiprid residues in chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) based on visible near-infrared spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 303:123214. [PMID: 37531681 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of agricultural products with pesticide residue is risky and can negatively affect health. This study proposed a nondestructive method of detecting pesticide residues in chili pepper based on the combination of visible and near-infrared (VIS/NIR) spectroscopy (400-2498 nm) and deep learning modeling. The obtained spectra of chili peppers with two types of pesticide residues (acetamiprid and imidacloprid) were analyzed using a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN). Compared with the commonly used partial least squares regression model, the 1D-CNN approach yielded higher prediction accuracy, with a root mean square error of calibration of 0.23 and 0.28 mg/kg and a root mean square error of prediction of 0.55 and 0.49 mg/kg for the acetamiprid and imidacloprid data sets, respectively. Overall, the results indicate that the combination of the 1D-CNN model and VIS/NIR spectroscopy is a promising nondestructive method of identifying pesticide residues in chili pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Ong
- Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Ching-Wen Yeh
- Master's Program in Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wusing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - I-Lin Tsai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Ju Lee
- School of Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Jen Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Kun Chuang
- Master's Program in Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wusing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; School of Food Safety, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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Marzi Khosrowshahi E, Afshar Mogaddam MR, Javadzadeh Y, Altunay N, Tuzen M, Kaya S, Ghalkhani M, Farajzadeh MA, Nemati M. Experimental and density functional theoretical modeling of triazole pesticides extraction by Ti2C nanosheets as a sorbent in dispersive solid phase extraction method before HPLC-MS/MS analysis. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kovač I, Jakl M, Šolínová V, Konášová R, Kašička V, Jaklová Dytrtová J. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography in the determination of triazoles in fruit peel. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1652:462385. [PMID: 34256269 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Triazole fungicides (TAFs) are frequently used fungicides for various antifungal treatments of crops. Tre treatment is provided foliarly. However, some significant amount of TAFs may remain on/in fruits. We have developed a methodology for the determination of penconazole, tebuconazole and cyproconazole in tomato fruit peel. The extraction of TAFs was provided with chloroform (acidified with 0.1% acetic acid). In the electrokinetic chromatography, the mixed micellar pseudo-stationary phase was composed of anionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulphate (15 mM) and randomly highly sulphated gamma-cyclodextrin (17.5 mg/mL). The background electrolyte consisted of 100 mM phosphoric acid and 100 mM Tris in the mixed hydro-organic solvent water/methanol (80/20 v/v), apparent pH 4.8. Complete separation of penconazole, tebuconazole, and two diastereomers of cyproconazole with resolutions higher than 5.1 were achieved within a relatively short time of less than 17 min in the bare fused silica capillary of 425/500 mm total/effective lengths and 50/375 μm I.D./O.D. at separation voltage -15 kV (cathode at injection capillary end) and at constant capillary cassette temperature of 22°C. The TAFs were detected by a UV-spectrophotometric diode array detector set at 200 nm. The limits of detection and limits of quantification were in the range of 71-92 and 214-278 μg/kg of peel, respectively. Analyses of the peel extracts revealed that even 10 days after the last treatment, TAF concentrations were higher than the recommended maximum residue limits in both application ways, as individual as well as in the TAF binary or ternary mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishak Kovač
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 542/2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Jakl
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Šolínová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 542/2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Renáta Konášová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 542/2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Kašička
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 542/2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Jaklová Dytrtová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 542/2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Charles University, José Martího 269/31, 162 52 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Ren Z, Zhou X, Gao X, Tan Y, Chen H, Tan S, Liu W, Tong Y, Chen C. Rapid detection of carbamate pesticide residues using microchip electrophoresis combining amperometric detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:3017-3026. [PMID: 33635387 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The long-term consumption of food with pesticide residues has harmful effects on human health and the demand for pesticide detection technology tends to be miniaturized and instant. To this end, we demonstrated the first application of indirectly detecting two carbamate pesticides, metolcarb and carbaryl, by gold nanoparticle-modified indium tin oxide electrode in dual-channel microchip electrophoresis and amperometric detection (ME-AD) system. m-Cresol and α-naphthol were obtained after pesticide hydrolysis in alkaline solution, and then separated and detected by ME-AD. Parameters including the detection potential and running buffer concentration and pH were optimized to improve the detection sensitivity and separation efficiency. Under the optimal conditions, the two analytes were completely separated within 80 s. m-Cresol and α-naphthol presented a wide linear range from 1 to 100 μM, with limits of detection of 0.16 μM and 0.34 μM, respectively (S/N = 3). Moreover, the reliability of this system was demonstrated by analyzing metolcarb and carbaryl in spiked vegetable samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Ren
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xingchen Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xingxing Gao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Tan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Huaying Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Songwen Tan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Wenfang Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yaonan Tong
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, 414006, Hunan, China
| | - Chuanpin Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Yuling Gao, Liang X, Sun P, Guo Y. Determination of Butachlor and Fipronil in Liquid Milk Using Ionic Liquid Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Coupled with Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934820110064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Knoll S, Rösch T, Huhn C. Trends in sample preparation and separation methods for the analysis of very polar and ionic compounds in environmental water and biota samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6149-6165. [PMID: 32710277 PMCID: PMC7442764 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02811-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent years showed a boost in knowledge about the presence and fate of micropollutants in the environment. Instrumental and methodological developments mainly in liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry hold a large share in this success story. These techniques soon complemented gas chromatography and enabled the analysis of more polar compounds including pesticides but also household chemicals, food additives, and pharmaceuticals often present as traces in surface waters. In parallel, sample preparation techniques evolved to extract and enrich these compounds from biota and water samples. This review article looks at very polar and ionic compounds using the criterion log P ≤ 1. Considering about 240 compounds, we show that (simulated) log D values are often even lower than the corresponding log P values due to ionization of the compounds at our reference pH of 7.4. High polarity and charge are still challenging characteristics in the analysis of micropollutants and these compounds are hardly covered in current monitoring strategies of water samples. The situation is even more challenging in biota analysis given the large number of matrix constituents with similar properties. Currently, a large number of sample preparation and separation approaches are developed to meet the challenges of the analysis of very polar and ionic compounds. In addition to reviewing them, we discuss some trends: for sample preparation, preconcentration and purification efforts by SPE will continue, possibly using upcoming mixed-mode stationary phases and mixed beds in order to increase comprehensiveness in monitoring applications. For biota analysis, miniaturization and parallelization are aspects of future research. For ionic or ionizable compounds, we see electromembrane extraction as a method of choice with a high potential to increase throughput by automation. For separation, predominantly coupled to mass spectrometry, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography applications will increase as the polarity range ideally complements reversed phase liquid chromatography, and instrumentation and expertise are available in most laboratories. Two-dimensional applications have not yet reached maturity in liquid-phase separations to be applied in higher throughput. Possibly, the development and commercial availability of mixed-mode stationary phases make 2D applications obsolete in semi-targeted applications. An interesting alternative will enter routine analysis soon: supercritical fluid chromatography demonstrated an impressive analyte coverage but also the possibility to tailor selectivity for targeted approaches. For ionic and ionizable micropollutants, ion chromatography and capillary electrophoresis are amenable but may be used only for specialized applications such as the analysis of halogenated acids when aspects like desalting and preconcentration are solved and the key advantages are fully elaborated by further research. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Knoll
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Rösch
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carolin Huhn
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen, Germany.
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Daniel D, do Lago CL. Determination of Multiclass Pesticides Residues in Corn by QuEChERS and Capillary Electrophoresis Tandem Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01501-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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A hierarchically porous composite monolith polypyrrole/octadecyl silica/graphene oxide/chitosan cryogel sorbent for the extraction and pre-concentration of carbamate pesticides in fruit juices. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:7185-7193. [PMID: 30167743 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1323-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A hierarchically porous structured composite monolith sorbent of polypyrrole-coated graphene oxide and octadecyl silica incorporated in chitosan cryogel (PPY/GOx/C18/chitosan) was synthesized and used as solid-phase extraction sorbent for the determination of carbamate pesticides. Various factors affecting the characteristics of the adsorbents (chemistry of the sorbent, polymerization time, concentrations of graphene oxide and octadecyl silica) and the extraction efficiency using the prepared sorbents, such as sample loading, desorption conditions, sample volume, sample flow rate, sample pH, and ionic strength, were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal conditions of sorbent preparation and extraction, the developed composite monolith sorbent provided wide linear responses from 1.0 to 500 μg L-1 for carbofuran and diethofencarb, from 0.5 to 500 μg L-1 for carbaryl, and from 2.0 to 500 μg L-1 for isoprocarb. The limits of detection using HPLC-UV at 203, 220, and 208 nm were in the range of 0.5-2.0 μg L-1. When the composite monolith sorbent was applied for the pre-concentration and determination of carbamate in fruit juices, good recoveries (84.1-99.5%) were achieved. The developed sorbents were porous and exhibited low back pressure enabling their use at high flow rates during sample loading. Extraction and clean-up were highly efficient, and the good physical and chemical stability of the sorbent enables reuse up to 13 times. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Šlampová A, Malá Z, Gebauer P. Recent progress of sample stacking in capillary electrophoresis (2016-2018). Electrophoresis 2018; 40:40-54. [PMID: 30073675 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Electrophoretic sample stacking comprises a group of capillary electrophoretic techniques where trace analytes from the sample are concentrated into a short zone (stack). This paper is a continuation of our previous reviews on the topic and brings a survey of more than 120 papers published approximately since the second quarter of 2016 till the first quarter of 2018. It is organized according to the particular stacking principles and includes chapters on concentration adjustment (Kohlrausch) stacking, on stacking techniques based on pH changes, on stacking in electrokinetic chromatography and on other stacking techniques. Where available, explicit information is given about the procedure, electrolyte(s) used, detector employed and sensitivity reached. Not reviewed are papers on transient isotachophoresis which are covered by another review in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Šlampová
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdena Malá
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Gebauer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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Darvishnejad M, Ebrahimzadeh H. Halloysite nanotubes functionalized with a nanocomposite prepared from reduced graphene oxide and polythiophene as a viable sorbent for the preconcentration of six organochlorine pesticides prior to their quantitation by GC/MS. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2381-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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