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Antonova EV, Shimalina NS, Korotkova AM, Kolosovskaya EV, Gerasimova SV, Khlestkina EK. Germination and Growth Characteristics of nud Knockout and win1 Knockout Barley Lines under Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1169. [PMID: 38732384 PMCID: PMC11085773 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Hordeum vulgare genes NUD (HvNUD) and WIN1 (HvWIN1) play a regulatory role in cuticle organization. Because the cuticle is a key evolutionary acquisition of plants for protection against environmental factors, a knockout (KO) of each gene may alter their ability to adapt to unfavorable conditions. A potential pleiotropic effect of HvNUD or HvWIN1 gene mutations can be assessed under salt stress. Initial developmental stages are the most sensitive in living organisms; therefore, we evaluated salt tolerance of nud KO and win1 KO barley lines at the seedling stage. Air-dried barley grains of the KO lines and of a wild-type (WT) line were germinated in NaCl solutions (50, 100, or 150 mM). Over 30 physiological and morphological parameters of seedlings were assessed. Potential pleiotropic effects of the HvNUD gene KO under salt stress included the stimulation of root growth (which was lower under control conditions) and root necrosis. The pleiotropic effects of the HvWIN1 gene KO under the stressful conditions manifested themselves as maintenance of longer root length as compared to the other lines; stable variation of most of morphological parameters; lack of correlation between root lengths before and after exposure to NaCl solutions, as well as between shoot lengths; and the appearance of twins. Salt tolerance of the analyzed barley lines could be ranked as follows: nud KO > win1 KO ≈ WT, where nud KO lines were the most salt-tolerant. A comparison of effects of salinity and ionizing radiation on nud KO and win1 KO barley lines indicated differences in tolerance of the lines to these stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Antonova
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology (IPAE), Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Marta 202, Ekaterinburg 620144, Russia
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), Bolshaya Morskaya 42-44, Saint Petersburg 190000, Russia
| | - Nadezhda S Shimalina
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology (IPAE), Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Marta 202, Ekaterinburg 620144, Russia
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), Bolshaya Morskaya 42-44, Saint Petersburg 190000, Russia
| | - Anna M Korotkova
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), Bolshaya Morskaya 42-44, Saint Petersburg 190000, Russia
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics (ICG), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Akad. Lavrentjeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Kolosovskaya
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), Bolshaya Morskaya 42-44, Saint Petersburg 190000, Russia
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics (ICG), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Akad. Lavrentjeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Sophia V Gerasimova
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), Bolshaya Morskaya 42-44, Saint Petersburg 190000, Russia
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics (ICG), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Akad. Lavrentjeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Elena K Khlestkina
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), Bolshaya Morskaya 42-44, Saint Petersburg 190000, Russia
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics (ICG), Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt Akad. Lavrentjeva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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Shimalina NS, Antonova EV, Pozolotina VN. Multiannual Assessment of Quality of Plantago major L. Seed Progeny from Kyshtym Radiation Accident Area: Weather-Dependent Effects. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2528. [PMID: 37447088 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The effects of low-dose radiation that are observed in plant populations in radioactively contaminated areas are variable. One of the reasons is the influence of fluctuating weather conditions and the interaction of radiation with weather factors. This article summarizes results of 12-year research on the viability and radioresistance of greater plantain (Plantago major L.) seed progeny growing in the East Ural Radioactive Trace (EURT) zone and in control (nonradioactive) areas, with consideration of weather conditions' variability. The EURT was formed by the Kyshtym accident, which occurred in 1957 at the Mayak Production Association. Absorbed dose rates of P. major parental plants in the pollution gradient were 14.5-165.9 μGy h-1, which correspond to a low-dose range. Seed progeny quality was evaluated as seed weight, the survival rate, and root length of 21-day seedlings. Interannual variability in the studied parameters was high, and their ranges overlapped between EURT groups of seeds and control groups in most cases. The number of significant correlations between the parameters of seed quality and weather conditions was higher in EURT groups than in control populations. In the control groups of seeds, 88.9% of correlations were negative, whereas in the EURT groups, 78.5% were positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda S Shimalina
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Marta Str. 202, Ekaterinburg 620144, Russia
| | - Elena V Antonova
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Marta Str. 202, Ekaterinburg 620144, Russia
| | - Vera N Pozolotina
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Marta Str. 202, Ekaterinburg 620144, Russia
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Seedling Biometry of nud Knockout and win1 Knockout Barley Lines under Ionizing Radiation. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192474. [PMID: 36235340 PMCID: PMC9571651 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The genes NUD and WIN1 play a regulatory role in cuticle organization in barley. A knockout (KO) of each gene may alter plant mechanisms of adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. A putative pleiotropic effect of NUD or WIN1 gene mutations in barley can be assessed in a series of experiments in the presence or absence of a provoking factor. Ionizing radiation is widely used in research as a provoking factor for quantifying adaptive potential of living organisms. Our aim was to evaluate initial stages of growth and development of barley lines with a KO of NUD or WIN1 under radiation stress. Air-dried barley grains with different KOs and wild-type control (WT) were exposed to γ-radiation at 50, 100, or 200 Gy at a dose rate of 0.74 R/min. Approximately 30 physiological parameters were evaluated, combined into groups: (1) viability, (2) radiosensitivity, and (3) mutability of barley seed progeny. Seed germination, seedling survival, and shoot length were similar among all barley lines. Naked nud KO lines showed lower weights of seeds, roots, and seedlings and shorter root length as compared to win1 KO lines. The shoot-to-root length ratio of nud KO lines’ seedlings exceeded that of win1 KO and WT lines. In terms of the number of seedlings with leaves, all the KO lines were more sensitive to pre-sowing γ-irradiation. Meanwhile, the radioresistance of nud KO lines (50% growth reduction dose [RD50] = 318–356 Gy) and WT plants (RD50 = 414 Gy) judging by seedling weight was higher than that of win1 KO lines (RD50 = 201–300 Gy). Resistance of nud KO lines to radiation was also demonstrated by means of root length (RD50 = 202–254 Gy) and the shoot-to-root length ratio. WT seedlings had the fewest morphological anomalies. In nud KO lines, mainly alterations of root shape were found, whereas in win1 KO lines, changes in the color and shape of leaves were noted. Thus, seedlings of nud KO lines are characterized mainly by changes in the root system (root length, root number, and root anomalies). For win1 KO lines, other parameters are sensitive (shoot length and alterations of leaf shape and color). These data may indicate a pleiotropic effect of genes NUD and WIN1 in barley.
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Antonova EV, Röder MS. Evaluation of the genetic structure of Bromus inermis populations from chemically and radioactively polluted areas using microsatellite markers from closely related species. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:1289-1300. [PMID: 34855571 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2013569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypothesis The ecotoxicological and radiobiological effects can be manifested in a decrease in genetic diversity with an increase in toxic and radiation load, in an increase in the frequencies of rare and/or unique (private) alleles in impact samples, and in a decrease in the differentiation of B. inermis populations within each pollution area.Materials and methods We have selected a collection of primers for Bromus inermis, consisting of 21 microsatellite (SSR) loci from B. sterilis, B. tectorum and Triticum aestivum. The level of toxic load (chemically polluted area) was 4-19 conventional units, and the absorbed dose rate (the Kyshtym accident area) varied from 0.153 to 21.5 μGy h-1, which is up to two orders higher than the natural background radiation level (≈ 0.1 μGy h-1).Results Only eight of 21 (38%) of SSR primers showed good transferability and were used for B. inermis population studies from areas of technogenic pollution (heavy metals and radionuclides). We revealed 42 alleles at eight loci, and the number of alleles per locus varied from one to 13 in B. inermis populations. The percentage of polymorphic loci in B. inermis populations was 48.44%, the polymorphism information content (PIC) value was 0.556, and Shannon information index was 0.69 ± 0.3. A total of 22 rare, 14 private and 9 both rare and private alleles were reported for all B. inermis populations. There were no correlations between geographic and genetic distances. Only 6.8% of the genetic variability was distributed among B. inermis populations.Conclusion There was no decrease in genetic diversity ("genetic erosion") found in B. inermis populations growing for a long time under anthropogenic stress. No significant differences in the number of rare and private alleles in the background and impact populations of B. inermis were found. The smooth brome is characterized by low differentiation of the populations. Possible reasons for this phenomenon are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Antonova
- Laboratory of Population Radiobiology, Institute of Plant & Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Marta str. 202, Ekaterinburg 620144, Russia
| | - Marion S Röder
- Group of Gene and Genome Mapping, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstr. 3, Stadt Seeland OT Gatersleben 06466, Germany
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Antonova EV, Pozolotina VN. Interannual Quality Variability in Motherwort (Leonurus quinquelobatus) Seed Progeny under Chronic Radiation Exposure. RUSS J ECOL+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413620050033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Antonova EV, Fuchs J, Röder MS. Influence of Chronic Man-made Pollution on Bromus inermis Genome Size. RUSS J ECOL+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413620040025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Filippova GV, Androsova DN, Filippov EV, Prokopev IA. Influence of Temperature and Precipitation on the Morphology, Growth, and Stress Resistance of Seeds of Some Representatives of Northern Flora. RUSS J ECOL+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413619050047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Antonova EV, Shoeva OY, Khlestkina EK. Biochemical and genetic polymorphism of Bromopsis inermis populations under chronic radiation exposure. PLANTA 2019; 249:1977-1985. [PMID: 30900085 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
For the subsequent assessment of the genetic mechanisms responsible for the resistance of plants to chronic irradiation, the analysis of RAPD-cDNA with the subsequent isolation, cloning, and sequencing of expressed polymorphic sequences is a promising technique. A study was conducted on Bromopsis inermis populations that have been growing for a long time in the EURT area. Using RAPD primers, we studied the genetic spectra of plants. In analysing the UPGMA algorithm, we identified two well-distinguishable clusters with a high level of bootstrap support (> 85%): background samples hit the first, and impact samples hit the second. Our data indicate a decrease in diversity in the most polluted population, as well as the appearance of new alleles in chronically irradiated samples of the B. inermis. Smooth brome seedlings were characterised by the content of anthocyanins, comparable with other types of cereals. In the gradient of chronic irradiation, the relative content of anthocyanins was not significantly changed. For the first time, the partial nucleotide sequences of the key genes of anthocyanin biosynthesis (Chi and F3h) in the brome were determined, these sequences were found to be 191 and 356 bp in length, respectively, and were cloned and sequenced. Three copies of the Chi gene were identified in the B. inermis genome. One copy (BiChi-1) clustered with the sequences of the Aegilops tauschii gene (D genome), and the other two copies (BiChi-2 and BiChi-3) formed a separate cluster in the Pooideae subfamily adjacent to Hordeum vulgare. In the copy of BiChi-1, a complete deletion of intron 1 was detected. For the F3h gene, one copy of the B. inermis gene was obtained, which forms a separate branch in the subfamily Pooideae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Antonova
- Laboratory of Population Radiobiology, Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Marta str., 202, 620144, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Olesya Yu Shoeva
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjeva ave. 10, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena K Khlestkina
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjeva ave. 10, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), B. Morskaya str., 42-44, 190000, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Shimalina NS, Pozolotina VN, Orekhova NA, Antonova EV. Assessment of biological effects in Plantago major L. Seed progeny in the zone of impact from a Copper Smelter. RUSS J ECOL+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413617060108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Geras'kin S, Vasiliyev D, Makarenko E, Volkova P, Kuzmenkov A. Influence of long-term chronic exposure and weather conditions on Scots pine populations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:11240-11253. [PMID: 28299565 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8692-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Over a period of 8 years (2007-2014), we were evaluating seed quality and morphological abnormalities in Scots pine trees affected as a result of the Chernobyl accident. The calculated dose rates for the trees at the study sites varied from background values at the reference sites to 40 mGy/year at the most contaminated site. We investigated whether radioactive contamination and/or weather factors could decrease the reproductive capacity or increase the frequency of morphological abnormalities of needles in pine trees. Scots pine seeds are characterized by high interannual variability of viability, which is largely determined by weather conditions. No consistent differences in reproductive capacity were detected between the impacted and reference populations. Brachyblasts with three needles were found only in the affected populations; however, their frequency was very low and only at the very border of significance at the p < 0.10 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Geras'kin
- Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Kievskoe shosse, 109 km, 249020, Obninsk, Russia.
| | - Denis Vasiliyev
- Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Kievskoe shosse, 109 km, 249020, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Makarenko
- Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Kievskoe shosse, 109 km, 249020, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Polina Volkova
- Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Kievskoe shosse, 109 km, 249020, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Alexey Kuzmenkov
- Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Kievskoe shosse, 109 km, 249020, Obninsk, Russia
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Pozolotina VN, Antonova EV. Temporal variability of the quality of Taraxacum officinale seed progeny from the East-Ural radioactive trace: is there an interaction between low level radiation and weather conditions? Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 93:330-339. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1254835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vera N. Pozolotina
- Laboratory of Population Radiobiology, Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Elena V. Antonova
- Laboratory of Population Radiobiology, Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
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Geras’kin SA, Dikareva NS, Oudalova AA, Vasil’ev DV, Volkova PY. The consequences of chronic radiation exposure of scots pine in the remote period after the chernobyl accident. RUSS J ECOL+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413616010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Pozolotina VN, Antonova EV, Shimalina NS. Adaptation of greater plantain, Plantago major L., to long-term radiation and chemical exposure. RUSS J ECOL+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413616010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Antonova EV, Pozolotina VN, Karimullina EM. Time-dependent changes of the physiological status ofBromus inermisLeyss. seeds from chronic low-level radiation exposure areas. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2015.1034973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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