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Vorobeichik EL, Korkina IN. A bizarre layer cake: Why soil animals recolonizing polluted areas shape atypical humus forms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166810. [PMID: 37689209 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
During soil recolonization by macrofauna in areas previously defaunated by industrial pollution, non-typical humus forms are produced. Given that the evidence of zoogenic activity cessation with increased forest litter depth in these humus forms, we tested the hypothesis that the lower organic layers are more toxic than the upper ones. The studies were conducted in the southern taiga, near the Middle Ural Copper Smelter (Revda city, Russia), in spruce-fir and birch forests. We investigated the series of degraded humus forms at different recovery stages, including those without signs of regradation, as well as at the initial and advanced recovery stages. In the organic layers, each of which were 1-2 cm thick and 6-8 cm in total, we measured the following parameters: pH(water), total acidity, the content of exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+, acid-soluble and exchangeable metals (Cu, Pb, Fe, Cd, and Zn), organic carbon, and total nitrogen. Simultaneously, we diagnosed the degree of zoogenicity of the organic layers following the European morpho-functional classification of humus forms. Concentrations of the metals increased with forest litter depth, reaching a maximum at the boundary between the organic and organic-mineral horizons (the difference exceeded an order of magnitude). In the same direction, the acidity increased, but the saturation of the exchange complex with Ca2+ and Mg2+ decreased. Within a particular forest litter profile, metal concentrations and acidity were lower in the layer with the highest zoogenicity compared to the layer with the lowest zoogenicity. Based on the metals, pH(water), and exchange complex, the accuracy of the predictions of the degree of layer zoogenicity within the OF horizon in the discriminant analysis reached 100 %. These findings suggest that the vertical gradient of toxic burden persisting in the forest litter after pollution cessation can explain the recovery pattern of humus forms in the contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii L Vorobeichik
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Marta Str. 202, 620144 Yekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Irina N Korkina
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Marta Str. 202, 620144 Yekaterinburg, Russia.
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Trubina MR, Mikhailova IN, Dyachenko AP. Dynamics of Communities of Cryptogamic Organisms on Dead Wood after Reduction of the Emissions from a Copper Smelter. RUSS J ECOL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413622060169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Belskii E, Lyakhov A. Improved breeding parameters in the pied flycatcher with reduced pollutant emissions from a copper smelter. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 302:119089. [PMID: 35247508 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, industrial emissions have been reduced in many countries, which provides an opportunity for the recovery of polluted ecosystems. However, our knowledge of the rate and factors facilitating the recovery of local bird populations after pollution abatement is incomplete. Long-term (1989-2021) annual observations on nest-box populations of a passerine bird, Ficedula hypoleuca, were used to analyze temporal dynamics of breeding parameters following a 50-fold reduction of industrial emissions from the Middle Ural copper smelter (MUCS) according to pollution zone, habitat, air temperature, and breeding density. In the heavily polluted (impact) zone (1-2 km of MUCS), egg and fledgling production were strongly impaired compared to the moderately polluted (buffer zone, 4-8 km of MUCS) and unpolluted control zone (16-27 km of MUCS). During the study period, the laying date advanced along with increasing spring air temperatures. The clutch size increased in the impact zone by 26%, in the buffer zone by 10%, and in control by 5%. The number of fledglings increased in the impact zone by 102% and the buffer zone by 17%. In the most recent year (2021), mean laying date, clutch size, fledgling production, and the frequency of nests with unhatched eggs in the impact zone did not reach the control level, whereas the frequency of nests with perished chicks did not differ among zones. Breeding parameters of birds in the impact zone improved slowly, likely due to the slow recovery of habitats. We conclude that bird reproduction may require many decades to recover fully in the heavily polluted zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Belskii
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Eighth March Street 202, Yekaterinburg, 620144, Russia.
| | - Andrey Lyakhov
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Eighth March Street 202, Yekaterinburg, 620144, Russia
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Lyanguzova IV, Belyaeva AI. Mosaic Pattern of Soil and Vegetation Cover Stocks in Pine Forests under Conditions of Aerotechnogenic Pollution. RUSS J ECOL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413622020060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Vorobeichik E, Nesterkov A, Ermakov A, Zolotarev M, Grebennikov M. Diversity and abundance of soil macroinvertebrates along a contamination gradient in the Central Urals, Russia. Biodivers Data J 2022; 10:e76968. [PMID: 35250345 PMCID: PMC8891227 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.10.e76968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the late 1980s, long-term monitoring of terrestrial ecosystems in metal-contaminated areas near the Middle Ural Copper Smelter has been carried out in the Central Urals. As a part of these monitoring programmes, the data on species diversity, community composition and abundance of soil macroinvertebrates continue to be gathered. NEW INFORMATION The dataset (available from the GBIF network at https://www.gbif.org/dataset/61e92984-382b-4158-be6b-e391c7ed5a64) includes a 2004 census for soil macroinvertebrates of spruce-fir forests along a pollution gradient in the Central Urals. The dataset describes soil macrofauna's abundance (the number of individuals per sample, i.e. the density) and community structure (list of supraspecific taxa, list of species for most abundant taxa and supraspecific taxa or species abundance). Seventeen sampling plots differed in the levels of toxic metal (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Fe) soil contamination from air emissions of the Middle Ural Copper Smelter (heavily polluted, moderately polluted and unpolluted areas). The dataset consists of 340 sampling events (= samples corresponding to upper and lower layers of the 170 soil monoliths) and 64658 rows (2907 and 61751 for non-zero and zero density of taxa, respectively). Arachnida (Araneae and Opiliones), Carabidae (imagoes), Elateridae (larvae), Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Gastropoda, Staphylinidae (imagoes) and Lumbricidae were identified to species level. In contrast, Mermithida, Enchytraeidae, Lepidoptera larvae, Diptera larvae, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera and some other insects were identified to family or order levels. In total, 8430 individuals of soil macroinvertebrates were collected in two soil layers (organic and organic-mineral horizons), including 1046 Arachnida (spiders and harvestmen), 45 Carabidae, 300 Elateridae, 529 Myriapoda, 741 Gastropoda, 437 Staphylinidae, 623 Lumbricidae and 4709 other invertebrates. The presence-absence data on each taxon are provided for each sampling event. An overwhelming majority of such absences can be interpreted as "pseudo-absences" at the scale of sampling plots or study sites. The dataset contains information helpful for long-term ecotoxicological monitoring of forest ecosystems and contributes to studying soil macrofauna diversity in the Urals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Vorobeichik
- Institute of plant and animal ecology, UB RAS, Yekaterinburg, RussiaInstitute of plant and animal ecology, UB RASYekaterinburgRussia
| | - Alexey Nesterkov
- Institute of plant and animal ecology, UB RAS, Yekaterinburg, RussiaInstitute of plant and animal ecology, UB RASYekaterinburgRussia
| | - Alexander Ermakov
- Institute of plant and animal ecology, UB RAS, Yekaterinburg, RussiaInstitute of plant and animal ecology, UB RASYekaterinburgRussia
| | - Maxim Zolotarev
- Institute of plant and animal ecology, UB RAS, Yekaterinburg, RussiaInstitute of plant and animal ecology, UB RASYekaterinburgRussia
| | - Maxim Grebennikov
- Institute of plant and animal ecology, UB RAS, Yekaterinburg, RussiaInstitute of plant and animal ecology, UB RASYekaterinburgRussia
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Vorobeichik EL. Natural Recovery of Terrestrial Ecosystems after the Cessation of Industrial Pollution: 1. A State-of-the-Art Review. RUSS J ECOL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413622010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Trubina MR, Dyachenko AP. Current State of Forest Moss Communities after Reduction of Emissions from the Middle-Ural Copper Smelter. BIOL BULL+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359021100265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Safonov A. Ecological scales of indicator plants in an industrial region. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20224303002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The article presents the results of a long-term monitoring experiment (26 years) to identify indicator plants and their indices for assessing the state of ecosystems in the industrial region of Eastern Europe – Donbass. Ecological scales are discrete calculated or metric indicators that are important for quantification and examination of anropogenically transformed ecotopes. It is proposed to use four categories of ecological scales with a different mechanism for calculating the indices and different conditions of the experiment: 1) the principle of varying absolute metric parameters, 2) the calculated principle of correspondence of the percentage value; 3) the indices of the survival strategy implementation (vegetative and reproductive success); 4) the frequency of occurrence (or appearance) of characteristic features or the degree of specialization of functional discrete structures. Names of plant species of Donbass are given and their characteristics of variation are indicated in fractional 10-point scales.
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Mikryukov VS, Dulya OV, Bergman IE, Lihodeevskiy GA, Loginova AD, Tedersoo L. Sheltering Role of Well-Decayed Conifer Logs for Forest Floor Fungi in Long-Term Polluted Boreal Forests. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:729244. [PMID: 34690970 PMCID: PMC8527098 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.729244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Coarse woody debris (CWD) provides food and shelter to a large proportion of forest biota and is considered vital for biodiversity during periods of harsh weather. However, its importance in long-term stressed ecosystems remains largely unknown. In this work, we explored the contribution of CWD to fungal diversity along the gradient of boreal forest degradation caused by 77 years of heavy industrial emissions. We analyzed the diversity and composition of fungi in 270 samples of well-decayed Picea abies and Abies sibirica logs, as well as forest litter both adjacent to and distant from the logs. Compared with forest litter, the wood had higher water content and possessed substantially lower concentrations of heavy metals, which suggests its potential favorability for biota in polluted areas. The pollution-induced loss of fungal diversity in forest litter reached 34% and was stronger in the microhabitats not influenced by CWD. Meanwhile, wood fungal communities lost less than 10% of their total richness and even increased in alpha diversity. These processes led to the diversity and compositional convergence of fungal communities from different microhabitats and substrates in polluted areas. Despite this, the importance of wood and CWD-influenced microhabitats for fungal diversity maintenance was low. Apart from wood-associated fungi, the taxa whose diversity increased in the wood of polluted areas were ectomycorrhizal fungi and eurytopic soil saprotrophs (Mucoromycota, Mortierellomycota, Eurotiomycetes, and Helotiales) that easily tolerate highly toxic litter. Within the majority of pollution-sensitive soil saprotrophic groups, only terricolous Tricholomataceae benefit from CWD as microrefugia. Upon considering the ecological variability within low-rank taxa, the importance of decayed logs as safe sites can be high for certain soil-inhabiting fungal groups in polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir S. Mikryukov
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Department of Botany, Chair of Mycology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Olesya V. Dulya
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
- Department of Botany, Chair of Mycology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Igor E. Bergman
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | | | - Anzhelika D. Loginova
- Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Mycology and Microbiology Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Bel’skii EA, Lyakhov AG. Dynamics of the Community of Hole-nesting Birds upon Reduction of Industrial Emissions (the Example of the Middle Ural Copper Smelter). RUSS J ECOL+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413621040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Green AJ, Baltzinger C, Lovas‐Kiss Á. Plant dispersal syndromes are unreliable, especially for predicting zoochory and long‐distance dispersal. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andy J. Green
- Dept of Wetland Ecology, Doñana Biological Station EBD‐CSIC Sevilla Spain
| | | | - Ádám Lovas‐Kiss
- Wetland Ecology Research Group, Centre for Ecological Research, Danube Research Inst. Debrecen Hungary
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