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O'Sullivan J, Muñoz-Muñoz J, Turnbull G, Sim N, Penny S, Moschos S. Beyond GalNAc! Drug delivery systems comprising complex oligosaccharides for targeted use of nucleic acid therapeutics. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20432-20446. [PMID: 35919168 PMCID: PMC9281799 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01999j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic Acid Therapeutics (NATs) are establishing a leading role for the management and treatment of genetic diseases following FDA approval of nusinersen, patisiran, and givosiran in the last 5 years, the breakthrough of milasen, with more approvals undoubtedly on the way. Givosiran takes advantage of the known interaction between the hepatocyte specific asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) and N-acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc) ligands to deliver a therapeutic effect, underscoring the value of targeting moieties. In this review, we explore the history of GalNAc as a ligand, and the paradigm it has set for the delivery of NATs through precise targeting to the liver, overcoming common hindrances faced with this type of therapy. We describe various complex oligosaccharides (OSs) and ask what others could be used to target receptors for NAT delivery and the opportunities awaiting exploration of this chemical space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph O'Sullivan
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne UK NE1 8ST
| | - Jose Muñoz-Muñoz
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne UK NE1 8ST
| | - Graeme Turnbull
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne UK NE1 8ST
| | - Neil Sim
- High Force Research Ltd, Bowburn North Industrial Estate Durham UK DH6 5PF
| | - Stuart Penny
- High Force Research Ltd, Bowburn North Industrial Estate Durham UK DH6 5PF
| | - Sterghios Moschos
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne UK NE1 8ST
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Shilova NV, Ryzhov IM, Ziganshina MM, Rakitko AS, Huflejt ME, Bovin NV. Negative Correlation between Natural Human Antibodies Directed to Glycotopes Galβ1-3GlcNAc and Galβ1-4GlcNAc. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162020060291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Ryzhov IM, Savchenko MS, Pazynina GV, Tsygankova SV, Popova IS, Tyrtysh TV, Bovin NV. Synthesis of N-acetyllactosamine based branched hexasaccharide. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2019.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wu HR, Anwar MT, Fan CY, Low PY, Angata T, Lin CC. Expedient assembly of Oligo-LacNAcs by a sugar nucleotide regeneration system: Finding the role of tandem LacNAc and sialic acid position towards siglec binding. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:627-636. [PMID: 31351394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sialosides containing (oligo-)N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc, Galβ(1,4)GlcNAc) as core structure are known to serve as ligands for Siglecs. However, the role of tandem inner epitope for Siglec interaction has never been reported. Herein, we report the effect of internal glycan (by length and type) on the binding affinity and describe a simple and efficient chemo-enzymatic sugar nucleotide regeneration protocol for the preparative-scale synthesis of oligo-LacNAcs by the sequential use of β1,4-galactosyltransferase (β4GalT) and β1,3-N-acetylglucosyl transferase (β3GlcNAcT). Further modification of these oligo-LacNAcs was performed in one-pot enzymatic synthesis to yield sialylated and/or fucosylated analogs. A glycan library of 23 different sialosides containing various LacNAc lengths or Lac core with natural/unnatural sialylation and/or fucosylation was synthesized. These glycans were used to fabricate a glycan microarray that was utilized to screen glycan binding preferences against five different Siglecs (2, 7, 9, 14 and 15).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ru Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; Instrumentation Center of Ministry of Science and Technology at National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | | | - Chen-Yo Fan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Penk Yeir Low
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
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Hahm HS, Broecker F, Kawasaki F, Mietzsch M, Heilbronn R, Fukuda M, Seeberger PH. Automated Glycan Assembly of Oligo-N-Acetyllactosamine and Keratan Sulfate Probes to Study Virus-Glycan Interactions. Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sablina MA, Tuzikov AB, Ovchinnikova TV, Mikhura IV, Bovin NV. Synthesis of mono- and di-O-sulfates of spacer-armed lactose. Russ Chem Bull 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-015-0989-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Synthesis of glycoprotein N-chain core fragment GlcNAcβ1-4(Fucα1-6)GlcNAc. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Severov VV, Pazynina GV, Ovchinnikova TV, Bovin NV. The synthesis of oligosaccharides containing internal and terminal Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ fragments. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015; 41:170-84. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162015020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Frederiksen RF, Yoshimura Y, Storgaard BG, Paspaliari DK, Petersen BO, Chen K, Larsen T, Duus JØ, Ingmer H, Bovin NV, Westerlind U, Blixt O, Palcic MM, Leisner JJ. A diverse range of bacterial and eukaryotic chitinases hydrolyzes the LacNAc (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) and LacdiNAc (GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc) motifs found on vertebrate and insect cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:5354-66. [PMID: 25561735 PMCID: PMC4342453 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.607291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence that chitinases have additional functions beyond degrading environmental chitin, such as involvement in innate and acquired immune responses, tissue remodeling, fibrosis, and serving as virulence factors of bacterial pathogens. We have recently shown that both the human chitotriosidase and a chitinase from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium hydrolyze LacNAc from Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ-tetramethylrhodamine (LacNAc-TMR (Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ(CH2)8CONH(CH2)2NHCO-TMR)), a fluorescently labeled model substrate for glycans found in mammals. In this study we have examined the binding affinities of the Salmonella chitinase by carbohydrate microarray screening and found that it binds to a range of compounds, including five that contain LacNAc structures. We have further examined the hydrolytic specificity of this enzyme and chitinases from Sodalis glossinidius and Polysphondylium pallidum, which are phylogenetically related to the Salmonella chitinase, as well as unrelated chitinases from Listeria monocytogenes using the fluorescently labeled substrate analogs LacdiNAc-TMR (GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAcβ-TMR), LacNAc-TMR, and LacNAcβ1-6LacNAcβ-TMR. We found that all chitinases examined hydrolyzed LacdiNAc from the TMR aglycone to various degrees, whereas they were less active toward LacNAc-TMR conjugates. LacdiNAc is found in the mammalian glycome and is a common motif in invertebrate glycans. This substrate specificity was evident for chitinases of different phylogenetic origins. Three of the chitinases also hydrolyzed the β1-6 bond in LacNAcβ1-6LacNAcβ-TMR, an activity that is of potential importance in relation to mammalian glycans. The enzymatic affinities for these mammalian-like structures suggest additional functional roles of chitinases beyond chitin hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikki F Frederiksen
- From the Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegaardsvej 10, 1870 Frederiksberg C., Denmark
| | - Yayoi Yoshimura
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Birgit G Storgaard
- From the Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegaardsvej 10, 1870 Frederiksberg C., Denmark, Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Dafni K Paspaliari
- From the Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegaardsvej 10, 1870 Frederiksberg C., Denmark
| | - Bent O Petersen
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Kowa Chen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Kbh. N., Denmark
| | - Tanja Larsen
- From the Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegaardsvej 10, 1870 Frederiksberg C., Denmark
| | - Jens Ø Duus
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Hanne Ingmer
- From the Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegaardsvej 10, 1870 Frederiksberg C., Denmark
| | - Nicolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moskow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Ulrika Westerlind
- Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Analytischen Wissenschaften e.V., ISAS-Leibnitz Institute for Analytical Sciences, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6b, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany, and
| | - Ola Blixt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 6:4:T422, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Monica M Palcic
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, 1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Jørgen J Leisner
- From the Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegaardsvej 10, 1870 Frederiksberg C., Denmark,
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Larsen T, Yoshimura Y, Voldborg BGR, Cazzamali G, Bovin NV, Westerlind U, Palcic MM, Leisner JJ. Human chitotriosidase CHIT1 cross reacts with mammalian-like substrates. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:746-51. [PMID: 24462685 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Humans do not synthesize chitin, yet they produce a number of active and inactive chitinases. One of the active enzymes is chitotriosidase whose serum levels are elevated in a number of diseases such as Gaucher's disease and upon fungal infection. Since the biological role of chitotriosidase in disease pathogenesis is not understood we screened a panel of mammalian GlcNAc-containing glycoconjugates as alternate substrates. LacNAc and LacdiNAc-terminating substrates are hydrolyzed, the latter with a turnover comparable to that of pNP-chitotriose. Glycolipids or glycoproteins with LacNAc and LacdiNAc represent potential chitinase substrates and the subsequent alteration of glycosylation pattern could be a factor in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Larsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegaardsvej 15, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Yayoi Yoshimura
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Bjørn G R Voldborg
- Novo Nordisk Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Cazzamali
- Novo Nordisk Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Nicolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Ulrika Westerlind
- Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Analytischen Wissenschaften e.V., ISAS - Leibniz Institute for Analytical Sciences, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Monica M Palcic
- Carlsberg Laboratory, Gamle Carlsberg Vej 10, DK-1799 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Jørgen J Leisner
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegaardsvej 15, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Peng W, Pranskevich J, Nycholat C, Gilbert M, Wakarchuk W, Paulson JC, Razi N. Helicobacter pylori β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase for versatile synthesis of type 1 and type 2 poly-LacNAcs on N-linked, O-linked and I-antigen glycans. Glycobiology 2012; 22:1453-64. [PMID: 22786570 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly-N-acetyllactosamine extensions on N- and O-linked glycans are increasingly recognized as biologically important structural features, but access to these structures has not been widely available. Here, we report a detailed substrate specificity and catalytic efficiency of the bacterial β3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (β3GlcNAcT) from Helicobacter pylori that can be adapted to the synthesis of a rich diversity of glycans with poly-LacNAc extensions. This glycosyltransferase has surprisingly broad acceptor specificity toward type-1, -2, -3 and -4 galactoside motifs on both linear and branched glycans, found commonly on N-linked, O-linked and I-antigen glycans. This finding enables the production of complex ligands for glycan-binding studies. Although the enzyme shows preferential activity for type 2 (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) acceptors, it is capable of transferring N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) in β1-3 linkage to type-1 (Galβ1-3GlcNAc) or type-3/4 (Galβ1-3GalNAcα/β) sequences. Thus, by alternating the use of the H. pylori β3GlcNAcT with galactosyltransferases that make the β1-4 or β1-3 linkages, various N-linked, O-linked and I-antigen acceptors could be elongated with type-2 and type-1 LacNAc repeats. Finally, one-pot incubation of di-LacNAc biantennary N-glycopeptide with the β3GlcNAcT and GalT-1 in the presence of uridine diphosphate (UDP)-GlcNAc and UDP-Gal, yielded products with 15 additional LacNAc units on the precursor, which was seen as a series of sequential ion peaks representing alternative additions of GlcNAc and Gal residues, on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. Overall, our data demonstrate a broader substrate specificity for the H. pylori β3GlcNAcT than previously recognized and demonstrate its ability as a potent resource for preparative chemo-enzymatic synthesis of complex glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Peng
- Glycan Array Synthesis Core D, Consortium for Functional Glycomics, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for 2007-2008. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2012; 31:183-311. [PMID: 21850673 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This review is the fifth update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2008. The first section of the review covers fundamental studies, fragmentation of carbohydrate ions, use of derivatives and new software developments for analysis of carbohydrate spectra. Among newer areas of method development are glycan arrays, MALDI imaging and the use of ion mobility spectrometry. The second section of the review discusses applications of MALDI MS to the analysis of different types of carbohydrate. Specific compound classes that are covered include carbohydrate polymers from plants, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, biopharmaceuticals, glycated proteins, glycolipids, glycosides and various other natural products. There is a short section on the use of MALDI mass spectrometry for the study of enzymes involved in glycan processing and a section on the use of MALDI MS to monitor products of the chemical synthesis of carbohydrates with emphasis on carbohydrate-protein complexes and glycodendrimers. Corresponding analyses by electrospray ionization now appear to outnumber those performed by MALDI and the amount of literature makes a comprehensive review on this technique impractical. However, most of the work relating to sample preparation and glycan synthesis is equally relevant to electrospray and, consequently, those proposing analyses by electrospray should also find material in this review of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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