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Lyapina I, Ivanov V, Fesenko I. Peptidome: Chaos or Inevitability. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13128. [PMID: 34884929 PMCID: PMC8658490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thousands of naturally occurring peptides differing in their origin, abundance and possible functions have been identified in the tissue and biological fluids of vertebrates, insects, fungi, plants and bacteria. These peptide pools are referred to as intracellular or extracellular peptidomes, and besides a small proportion of well-characterized peptide hormones and defense peptides, are poorly characterized. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that unknown bioactive peptides are hidden in the peptidomes of different organisms. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of generation and properties of peptidomes across different organisms. Based on their origin, we propose three large peptide groups-functional protein "degradome", small open reading frame (smORF)-encoded peptides (smORFome) and specific precursor-derived peptides. The composition of peptide pools identified by mass-spectrometry analysis in human cells, plants, yeast and bacteria is compared and discussed. The functions of different peptide groups, for example the role of the "degradome" in promoting defense signaling, are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Igor Fesenko
- Department of Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (I.L.); (V.I.)
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Marcelino-Pérez G, Ruiz-Medrano R, Gallardo-Hernández S, Xoconostle-Cázares B. Adsorption of Recombinant Human β-Defensin 2 and Two Mutants on Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles and Its Effect against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11082144. [PMID: 34443974 PMCID: PMC8400394 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Solanum lycopersicum L. is affected among other pests and diseases, by the actinomycete Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), causing important economic losses worldwide. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are amphipathic cationic oligopeptides with which the development of pathogenic microorganisms has been inhibited. Therefore, in this study, we evaluate antimicrobial activity of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN5.4) loaded with human β-defensin-2 (hβD2) and two mutants (TRX-hβD2-M and hβD2-M) against Cmm. hβD2, TRX-hβD2-M and hβD2-M presented a half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 3.64, 1.56 and 6.17 μg/mL, respectively. MSNs had average particle sizes of 140 nm (SEM) and a tunable pore diameter of 4.8 up to 5.4 nm (BJH). AMPs were adsorbed more than 99% into MSN and a first release after 24 h was observed. The MSN loaded with the AMPs inhibited the growth of Cmm in solid and liquid media. It was also determined that MSNs protect AMPs from enzymatic degradation when the MSN/AMPs complexes were exposed to a pepsin treatment. An improved AMP performance was registered when it was adsorbed in the mesoporous matrix. The present study could expand the applications of MSNs loaded with AMPs as a biological control and provide new tools for the management of phytopathogenic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Marcelino-Pérez
- Programa de Doctorado en Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2508, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico;
| | - Roberto Ruiz-Medrano
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2508, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico;
| | - Salvador Gallardo-Hernández
- Departamento de Física, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2508, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico
- Correspondence: (S.G.-H.); (B.X.-C.)
| | - Beatriz Xoconostle-Cázares
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2508, Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (S.G.-H.); (B.X.-C.)
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Figueiredo D, Santos WS, Montoni F, Iwai LK, Silva Junior PI. Toposome: Source of antimicrobial molecules in the gonads of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus (Lamarck, 1816). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 109:51-61. [PMID: 33276094 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sea urchins live in a challenging environment that requires rapid and efficient responses against pathogens and invaders. This response may be also important in reproductive processes once males and females release their gametes into water. In addition, the gonads are organs with dual function: reproductive organ and nutrient reserve, therefore it needs efficient protective mechanisms to preserve the nutrients as well as the reproductive cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence and characterize antimicrobial molecules in the male and female gonads of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus. Through HPLC purification, antimicrobial activity test and mass spectrometry several antimicrobial molecules were found in the gonads of both gender. Computational in silico analyses showed that they are fragments of a glycoprotein called toposome, also known as major yolk protein (MYP) which is one of the major proteins found in the gonads. Although different functions have been reported for this protein, this is the first description of a direct antimicrobial activity in Lytechinus variegatus. The results indicate that when undergoing proteolysis the toposome generates different fragments with antimicrobial activity which may indicate the importance of a rapid defense response strategy against invading microorganisms in the gonads used by both males and females sea urchins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dal Figueiredo
- Laboratory for Applied Toxinology (LETA/CeTICS), Butantan Institute, São Paulo CEP, 05503-900, SP, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo CEP, 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - W S Santos
- Laboratory for Applied Toxinology (LETA/CeTICS), Butantan Institute, São Paulo CEP, 05503-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio Montoni
- Laboratory for Applied Toxinology (LETA/CeTICS), Butantan Institute, São Paulo CEP, 05503-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Leo Kei Iwai
- Laboratory for Applied Toxinology (LETA/CeTICS), Butantan Institute, São Paulo CEP, 05503-900, SP, Brazil
| | - P I Silva Junior
- Laboratory for Applied Toxinology (LETA/CeTICS), Butantan Institute, São Paulo CEP, 05503-900, SP, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo CEP, 05508-900, SP, Brazil.
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Mamaeva A, Taliansky M, Filippova A, Love AJ, Golub N, Fesenko I. The role of chloroplast protein remodeling in stress responses and shaping of the plant peptidome. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:1326-1334. [PMID: 32320487 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In addition to photosynthesis, chloroplasts perform a variety of important cellular functions in the plant cell, which can, for example, regulate plant responses to abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Under stress, intensive chloroplast protein remodeling and degradation can occur, releasing large numbers of endogenous peptides. These protein-derived peptides can be found intracellularly, but also in the plant secretome. Although the pathways of chloroplast protein degradation and the types of chloroplast proteases implicated in this process have received much attention, the role of the resulting peptides is less well understood. In this review we summarize the data on peptide generation processes during the remodeling of the chloroplast proteome under stress conditions and discuss the mechanisms leading to these changes. We also review the experimental evidence which supports the concept that peptides derived from chloroplast proteins can function as regulators of plant responses to (a)biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mamaeva
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Plant Stress Resistance, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Michael Taliansky
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Plant Stress Resistance, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russian Federation
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Anna Filippova
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Plant Stress Resistance, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrew J Love
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Nina Golub
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Plant Stress Resistance, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor Fesenko
- Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Plant Stress Resistance, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russian Federation
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The Role of Peptide Signals Hidden in the Structure of Functional Proteins in Plant Immune Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184343. [PMID: 31491850 PMCID: PMC6770897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved a sophisticated innate immune system to cope with a diverse range of phytopathogens and insect herbivores. Plasma-membrane-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as receptor-like kinases (RLK), recognize special signals, pathogen- or damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or DAMPs), and trigger immune responses. A growing body of evidence shows that many peptides hidden in both plant and pathogen functional protein sequences belong to the group of such immune signals. However, the origin, evolution, and release mechanisms of peptide sequences from functional and nonfunctional protein precursors, known as cryptic peptides, are largely unknown. Various special proteases, such as metacaspase or subtilisin-like proteases, are involved in the release of such peptides upon activation during defense responses. In this review, we discuss the roles of cryptic peptide sequences hidden in the structure of functional proteins in plant defense and plant-pathogen interactions.
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Filippova A, Lyapina I, Kirov I, Zgoda V, Belogurov A, Kudriaeva A, Ivanov V, Fesenko I. Salicylic acid influences the protease activity and posttranslation modifications of the secreted peptides in the moss Physcomitrella patens. J Pept Sci 2018; 25:e3138. [PMID: 30575224 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant secretome comprises dozens of secreted proteins. However, little is known about the composition of the whole secreted peptide pools and the proteases responsible for the generation of the peptide pools. The majority of studies focus on target detection and characterization of specific plant peptide hormones. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the whole extracellular peptidome, using moss Physcomitrella patens as a model. Hundreds of modified and unmodified endogenous peptides that originated from functional and nonfunctional protein precursors were identified. The plant proteases responsible for shaping the pool of endogenous peptides were predicted. Salicylic acid (SA) influenced peptide production in the secretome. The proteasome activity was altered upon SA treatment, thereby influencing the composition of the peptide pools. These results shed more light on the role of proteases and posttranslational modification in the "active management" of the extracellular peptide pool in response to stress conditions. It also identifies a list of potential peptide hormones in the moss secretome for further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Filippova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Lyapina
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya Kirov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Victor Zgoda
- V.N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Proteomic Research and Mass Spectrometry, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Belogurov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Kudriaeva
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim Ivanov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor Fesenko
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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