1
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Pinheiro L, Freitas M, Branco PS. Phosphate-Containing Glycolipids: A Review on Synthesis and Bioactivity. ChemMedChem 2024:e202400315. [PMID: 39031174 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Phosphate-containing glycolipids (PcGL) are scarcer than the better understood glycolipids. They are composed of arrangements of phosphate, carbohydrates and glycerol units and are always found associated with lipids. PcGL are often found associated with cell membranes, suggesting they play roles in cell membrane structure and intercellular interactions. This article aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the existing knowledge and research on PcGL, emphasizing their synthesis and wide range of biological activities. When it comes to the synthesis of PcGL compounds, the strategies for glycosylation mainly rely on the thioglycoside donor, the trichloroacetamidate donor and halide donor strategies, while phosphorylation is stapled and falls on either phosphite chemistry or phosphoryl chloride chemistry. Certain bacteria utilize PcGLs in their pathogenicity, triggering an inflammatory response within the host's defense mechanisms. The best-known examples of these structures are teichoic acids, lipopolysaccharide and the capsular polysaccharide found in bacteria, all of which are frequently implicated in bacterial infections. Given the degree of variability within PcGL structures, they were found to display a wide range of bioactivities. PcGL compounds were found to: (1) have anti-metastatic properties, (2) behave as agonists or antagonists of platelet aggregation, (3) be mostly pro-inflammatory, (4) display antifungal and antibiotic activity and (5) have neurogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Pinheiro
- Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Campus da Caparica, 2825-149, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula S Branco
- Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Campus da Caparica, 2825-149, Caparica, Portugal
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2
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Komarova BS, Novikova NS, Gerbst AG, Sinitsyna OA, Rubtsova EA, Kondratyeva EG, Sinitsyn AP, Nifantiev NE. Combination of 3- O-Levulinoyl and 6- O-Trifluorobenzoyl Groups Ensures α-Selectivity in Glucosylations: Synthesis of the Oligosaccharides Related to Aspergillus fumigatus α-(1 → 3)-d-Glucan. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12542-12564. [PMID: 37593939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Stereospecific α-glucosylation of primary and secondary OH-group at carbohydrate acceptors is achieved using glucosyl N-phenyl-trifluoroacetimidate (PTFAI) donor protected with an electron-withdrawing 2,4,5-trifluorobenzoyl (TFB) group at O-6 and the participating levulinoyl (Lev) group at O-3. New factors have been revealed that might explain α-stereoselectivity in the case of TFB and pentafluorobenzoyl (PFB) groups at O-6. They are of conformational nature and confirmed by DFT calculations. The potential of this donor, as well as the orthogonality of TFB and Lev protecting groups, is showcased by the synthesis of α-(1 → 3)-linked pentaglucoside corresponding to Aspergillus fumigatus α-(1 → 3)-d-glucan and of its hexasaccharide derivative, bearing β-glucosamine residue at the non-reducing end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhena S Komarova
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Natalia S Novikova
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey G Gerbst
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Olga A Sinitsyna
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyevy Gory 1-11, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Rubtsova
- FRC "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 33-2, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Elena G Kondratyeva
- FRC "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 33-2, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Arkady P Sinitsyn
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobyevy Gory 1-11, Moscow 119992, Russia
- FRC "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospect 33-2, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Nikolay E Nifantiev
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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3
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Remmerswaal WA, Houthuijs KJ, van de Ven R, Elferink H, Hansen T, Berden G, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Rutjes FPJT, Filippov DV, Boltje TJ, Martens J, Oomens J, Codée JDC. Stabilization of Glucosyl Dioxolenium Ions by "Dual Participation" of the 2,2-Dimethyl-2-( ortho-nitrophenyl)acetyl (DMNPA) Protection Group for 1,2- cis-Glucosylation. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9139-9147. [PMID: 35748115 PMCID: PMC9295149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
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The stereoselective
introduction of glycosidic bonds is of paramount
importance to oligosaccharide synthesis. Among the various chemical
strategies to steer stereoselectivity, participation by either neighboring
or distal acyl groups is used particularly often. Recently, the use
of the 2,2-dimethyl-2-(ortho-nitrophenyl)acetyl (DMNPA)
protection group was shown to offer enhanced stereoselective steering
compared to other acyl groups. Here, we investigate the origin of
the stereoselectivity induced by the DMNPA group through systematic
glycosylation reactions and infrared ion spectroscopy (IRIS) combined
with techniques such as isotopic labeling of the anomeric center and
isomer population analysis. Our study indicates that the origin of
the DMNPA stereoselectivity does not lie in the direct participation
of the nitro moiety but in the formation of a dioxolenium ion that
is strongly stabilized by the nitro group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter A Remmerswaal
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kas J Houthuijs
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roel van de Ven
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hidde Elferink
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTUB, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giel Berden
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbert A van der Marel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Floris P J T Rutjes
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitri V Filippov
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Martens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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4
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Liu X, Song Y, Liu A, Zhou Y, Zhu Q, Lin Y, Sun H, Zhu K, Liu W, Ding N, Xie W, Sun H, Yu B, Xu P, Li W. More than a Leaving Group: N-Phenyltrifluoroacetimidate as a Remote Directing Group for Highly α-Selective 1,2-cis Glycosylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201510. [PMID: 35266604 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The anomeric configuration can greatly affect the biological functions and activities of carbohydrates. Herein, we report that N-phenyltrifluoroacetimidoyl (PTFAI), a well-known leaving group for catalytic glycosylation, can act as a stereodirecting group for the challenging 1,2-cis α-glycosylation. Utilizing rapidly accessible 1,6-di-OPTFAI glycosyl donors, TMSOTf-catalyzed glycosylation occurred with excellent α-selectivity and broad substrate scope, and the remaining 6-OPTFAI group can be cleaved chemoselectively. The remote participation of 6-OPTFAI is supported by the first characterization of the crucial 1,6-bridged bicyclic oxazepinium ion intermediates by low-temperature NMR spectroscopy. These cations were found to be relatively stable and mainly responsible for the present stereoselectivities. Further application is highlighted in glycosylation reactions toward trisaccharide heparins as well as the convergent synthesis of chacotriose derivatives using a bulky 2,4-di-O-glycosylated donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglai Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Yingying Song
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Ao Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Yueer Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yetong Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Huiyong Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Kaidi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weijia Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
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5
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Liu X, Song Y, Liu A, Zhou Y, Zhu Q, Lin Y, Sun H, Zhu K, Liu W, Ding N, Xie W, Sun H, Yu B, Xu P, Li W. More than a Leaving Group: N‐Phenyltrifluoroacetimidate as a Remote Directing Group for Highly α‐Selective 1,2‐cis Glycosylation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianglai Liu
- China Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy Department of Medicinal Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yingying Song
- China Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy Department of Medicinal Chemistry CHINA
| | - Ao Liu
- China Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy Department of Medicinal Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yueer Zhou
- China Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy Department of Medicinal Chemistry CHINA
| | - Qian Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry CHINA
| | - Yetong Lin
- China Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy Department of Medicinal Chemistry CHINA
| | - Huiyong Sun
- China Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy Department of Medicinal Chemistry CHINA
| | - Kaidi Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry CHINA
| | - Wei Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry CHINA
| | - Ning Ding
- Fudan University Department of Medicinal Chemistry CHINA
| | - Weijia Xie
- China Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy Department of Medicinal Chemistry CHINA
| | - Haopeng Sun
- China Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy Department of Medicinal Chemistry CHINA
| | - Biao Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry CHINA
| | - Peng Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry CHINA
| | - Wei Li
- China Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy Department of Medicinal Chemistry 639 Longmian Avenue 211198 Nanjing CHINA
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6
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Small tools for sweet challenges: advances in microfluidic technologies for glycan synthesis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:5139-5163. [PMID: 35199190 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03948-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Glycans, including oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates, play an integral role in modulating the biological functions of macromolecules. Many physiological and pathological processes are mediated by interactions between glycans, which has led to the use of glycans as biosensors for pathogen and biomarker detection. Elucidating the relationship between glycan structure and biological function is critical for advancing our understanding of the impact glycans have on human health and disease and for expanding the repertoire of glycans available for bioanalysis, especially for diagnostics. Such efforts have been limited by the difficulty in obtaining sufficient quantities of homogenous glycan samples needed to resolve the exact relationships between glycan structure and their structural or modulatory functions on a given glycoconjugate. Synthetic strategies offer a viable route for overcoming these technical hurdles. In recent years, microfluidics have emerged as powerful tools for realizing high-throughput and reproducible syntheses of homogenous glycans for the potential use in functional studies. This critical review provides readers with an overview of the microfluidic technologies that have been developed for chemical and enzymatic glycan synthesis. The advantages and limitations associated with using microreactor platforms to improve the scalability, productivity, and selectivity of glycosylation reactions will be discussed, as well as suggested future work that can address certain pitfalls.
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7
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Yashunsky DV, Dorokhova VS, Komarova BS, Paulovičová E, Krylov VB, Nifantiev NE. Synthesis of biotinylated pentasaccharide structurally related to a fragment of glucomannan from Candida utilis. Russ Chem Bull 2022; 70:2208-2213. [PMID: 35068914 PMCID: PMC8761042 DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3334-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The polysaccharide mannan is the main surface antigen of the cell wall of Candida fungi, playing an important role in the pathogenesis of diseases caused by these mycopathogens. Mannan has a complex, comb-like structure and includes a variety of structural units, with their combination varying depending on the Candida species and strain. Glucomannan, a polysaccharide from Candida utilis, contains terminal α-d-glucose residues attached to oligomannoside side chains. This paper describes the first synthesis of a pentasaccharide structurally related to C. utilis glucomannan fragment, which is an α-(1→2)-linked tetramannoside terminated at the non-reducing end by an α-d-glucopyranosyl residue. The pentasaccharide was obtained as a 3-aminopropyl glycoside, which made it possible to synthesize also its biotinylated derivative, suitable for various glycobiological studies. The most complicated step in the pentasaccharide synthesis was stereoselective 1,2-cis-glycosylation to attach the α-d-glucopyranosyl residue. This was accomplished using a glucosyl donor specially developed in our laboratory, the protecting groups of which provide the necessary α-stereoselectivity. The target biotinylated pentasaccharide thus obtained will be used in the future as a model antigen for the detection of immunodeterminant epitopes of Candida mannans.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. V. Yashunsky
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - V. S. Dorokhova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - B. S. Komarova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - E. Paulovičová
- Department of Immunochemistry of Glycoconjugates, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - V. B. Krylov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - N. E. Nifantiev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prospect, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
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8
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Liu X, Lin Y, Liu A, Sun Q, Sun H, Xu P, Li G, Song Y, Xie W, Sun H, Yu B, Li W. 2‐Diphenylphosphinonyl
‐acetyl as a Remote Directing Group for the Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of
β‐Glycosides. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianglai Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue Nanjing Jiangsu 211198 China
| | - Yetong Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue Nanjing Jiangsu 211198 China
| | - Ao Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue Nanjing Jiangsu 211198 China
| | - Qianhui Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue Nanjing Jiangsu 211198 China
| | - Huiyong Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue Nanjing Jiangsu 211198 China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Guolong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue Nanjing Jiangsu 211198 China
| | - Yingying Song
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue Nanjing Jiangsu 211198 China
| | - Weijia Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue Nanjing Jiangsu 211198 China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue Nanjing Jiangsu 211198 China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue Nanjing Jiangsu 211198 China
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9
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Fittolani G, Tyrikos-Ergas T, Vargová D, Chaube MA, Delbianco M. Progress and challenges in the synthesis of sequence controlled polysaccharides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:1981-2025. [PMID: 34386106 PMCID: PMC8353590 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The sequence, length and substitution of a polysaccharide influence its physical and biological properties. Thus, sequence controlled polysaccharides are important targets to establish structure-properties correlations. Polymerization techniques and enzymatic methods have been optimized to obtain samples with well-defined substitution patterns and narrow molecular weight distribution. Chemical synthesis has granted access to polysaccharides with full control over the length. Here, we review the progress towards the synthesis of well-defined polysaccharides. For each class of polysaccharides, we discuss the available synthetic approaches and their current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Fittolani
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Theodore Tyrikos-Ergas
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Denisa Vargová
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Manishkumar A Chaube
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martina Delbianco
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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10
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Gening ML, Kurbatova EA, Nifantiev NE. Synthetic Analogs of Streptococcus pneumoniae Capsular Polysaccharides and Immunogenic Activities of Glycoconjugates. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021; 47:1-25. [PMID: 33776393 PMCID: PMC7980793 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a Gram-positive bacterium (pneumococcus) that causes severe diseases in adults and children. It was established that some capsular polysaccharides of the clinically significant serotypes of S. pneumoniae in the composition of commercial pneumococcal polysaccharide or conjugate vaccines exhibit low immunogenicity. The review considers production methods and structural features of the synthetic oligosaccharides from the problematic pneumococcal serotypes that are characterized with low immunogenicity due to destruction or detrimental modification occurring in the process of their preparation and purification. Bacterial serotypes that cause severe pneumococcal diseases as well as serotypes not included in the composition of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are also discussed. It is demonstrated that the synthetic oligosaccharides corresponding to protective glycotopes of the capsular polysaccharides of various pneumococcal serotypes are capable of inducing formation of the protective opsonizing antibodies and immunological memory. Optimal constructs of oligosaccharides from the epidemiologically significant pneumococcal serotypes are presented that can be used for designing synthetic pneumococcal vaccines, as well as test systems for diagnosis of S. pneumoniae infections and monitoring of vaccination efficiency .
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Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Gening
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - E A. Kurbatova
- Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia
| | - N. E. Nifantiev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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11
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Shchegravina ES, Sachkova AA, Usova SD, Nyuchev AV, Gracheva YA, Fedorov AY. Carbohydrate Systems in Targeted Drug Delivery: Expectation and Reality. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162021010222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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