Medicinal applications of vanadium complexes with Schiff bases

Many transition metal complexes have been explored for their therapeutic properties after the discovery of cisplatin. Schiff bases have an efficient complexation tendency with the transition metals and several medicinal properties have been reported. However, fewer studies have reported the medicinal utility of vanadium and its Schiff base complexes. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of vanadium complexes with Schiff bases along with their mechanistic insight. Vanadium complexes in + 4 and + 5 oxidation states have exhibited well-defined geometry and found to be thermodynamically stable. The studies have reported the G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and decreased delta psi m, inducing mitochondrial membrane depolarization in cancer cell lines along with the alterations in the metabolism of the cancer cells upon dosing with the vanadium complexes. Cancer cell invasion and growth are also found to be markedly reduced by peroxo complexes of vanadium. The studies included in the review paper have been taken from leading indexing databases and focus was laid on recent reports in literature. The biological potential of vanadium complexes of Schiff bases opens new horizons for future interdisciplinary studies and investigation focussed on understanding the biochemistry of these complexes, along with designing new complexes which have better bioavailability, solubility and low or non-toxicity.

Lead Molecules for Targeted Urease Inhibition: An Updated Review from 2010 -2018

The field of enzyme inhibition is a tremendous and quickly growing territory of research. Urease a nickel containing metalloenzyme found in bacteria, algae, fungi, and plants brings hydrolysis of urea and plays important role in environmental nitrogen cycle. Apart from this it was found to be responsible for many pathological conditions due to its presence in many microorganisms such as H. Pylori, a ureolytic bacteria having urease which elevates pH of gastric medium by hydrolyzing urea present in alimentary canal and help the bacteria to colonize and spread infection. Due to the infections caused by the various bacterial ureases such as Bacillus pasteurii, Brucella abortus, H. pylori, H. mustelae, Klebsiella aerogenes, Klebsiella tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas putida, Sporosarcina pasteurii and Yersinia enterocolitica, it has been the current topic of today's research. About a wide range of compounds from the exhaustive literature survey has been discussed in this review which is enveloped into two expansive classes, as Inhibitors from synthetic origin and Inhibitors from natural origin. Moreover active site details of enzyme, mechanism of catalysis of substrate by enzyme, uses of plant urease and its pathogenic behavior has been included in the current review. So, overall, this review article diagrams the current landscape of the developments in the improvements in the thriving field of urease inhibitory movement in medicinal chemistry from year 2010 to 2018, with an emphasis on mechanism of action of inhibitors that may be used for more development of recent and strong urease inhibitors and open up new doors for assist examinations in a standout amongst the most lively and promising regions of research.

Schiff bases and their metal complexes as urease inhibitors - A brief review

Schiff bases, an aldehyde- or ketone-like compounds in which the carbonyl group is replaced by an imine or azomethine, are some of the most widely used organic compounds. Indeed, they are widely used for industrial purposes and also exhibit a broad range of biological activities, including anti-urease activity. Ureases, enzymes that catalyze urea hydrolysis, have received considerable attention for their impact on living organisms’ health, since the persistence of urease activity in human and animal cells can be the cause of some diseases and pathogen infections. This short review compiles examples of the most antiurease Schiff bases (0.23 μM < IC₅₀ < 37.00 μM) and their metal complexes (0.03 μM < IC₅₀ < 100 μM). Emphasis is given to ureases of Helicobacter pylori and Canavalia ensiformis, although the active site of this class of hydrolases is conserved among living organisms.