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Zeng J, Cao J, Yang H, Wang X, Liu T, Chen Z, Shi F, Xu Z, Lin X. Overview of mechanism of electroacupuncture pretreatment for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14920. [PMID: 39361504 PMCID: PMC11448663 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CCVD) is a serious threat to huma strategy to prevent the occurrence and development of disease by giving electroacupuncture intervention before the disease occurs. EAP has been shown in many preclinical studies to relieve ischemic symptoms and improve damage from ischemia-reperfusion, with no comprehensive review of its mechanisms in cardiovascular disease yet. In this paper, we first systematically discussed the meridian and acupoint selection law of EAP for CCVD and focused on the progress of the mechanism of action of EAP for the prevention and treatment of CCVD. As a result, in preclinical studies, AMI and MCAO models are commonly used to simulate ischemic injury in CCVD, while MIRI and CI/RI models are used to simulate reperfusion injury caused by blood flow recovery after focal tissue ischemia. According to the meridian matching rules of EAP for CCVD, PC6 in the pericardial meridian is the most commonly used acupoint in cardiovascular diseases, while GV20 in the Du meridian is the most commonly used acupoint in cerebrovascular diseases. In terms of intervention parameters, EAP intervention generally lasts for 30 min, with acupuncture depths mostly between 1.5 and 5 mm, stimulation intensities mostly at 1 mA, and commonly used frequencies being low frequencies. In terms of molecular mechanisms, the key pathways of EAP in preventing and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are partially similar. EAP can play a protective role in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases by promoting autophagy, regulating Ca2+ overload, and promoting vascular regeneration through anti-inflammatory reactions, antioxidant stress, and anti-apoptosis. Of course, both pathways involved have their corresponding specificities. When using EAP to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases, it involves the metabolic pathway of glutamate, while when using EAP to prevent and treat cerebrovascular diseases, it involves the homeostasis of the blood-brain barrier and the release of neurotransmitters and nutritional factors. I hope these data can provide experimental basis and reference for the clinical promotion and application of EAP in CCVD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Zeng
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, School of Acupuncture‐Moxibustion and TuinaTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Jiaojiao Cao
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, School of Acupuncture‐Moxibustion and TuinaTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Haitao Yang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, School of Acupuncture‐Moxibustion and TuinaTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Xue Wang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, School of Acupuncture‐Moxibustion and TuinaTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Tingting Liu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, School of Acupuncture‐Moxibustion and TuinaTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Zhihan Chen
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, School of Acupuncture‐Moxibustion and TuinaTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Fangyuan Shi
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, School of Acupuncture‐Moxibustion and TuinaTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, School of Acupuncture‐Moxibustion and TuinaTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Theory of Innovation and Application, School of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
| | - Xiaowei Lin
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, School of Acupuncture‐Moxibustion and TuinaTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Theory of Innovation and Application, School of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjinChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and MoxibustionTianjinChina
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Chen Y, Peng R, Qian Y, Lu Y, Chen L, Yu M, Jiang M, Wu W, Lu S. Genome-wide analysis in PC6 electroacupuncture to ameliorate carfilzomib-induced cardiotoxicity in mice. Gene 2024; 897:148090. [PMID: 38110043 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Carfilzomib (CFZ), a proteasome inhibitor commonly used in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), exhibits limited clinical application due to its cardiotoxicity. In our study, electroacupuncture (EA) at Neiguan acupoint (PC6) effectively reversed CFZ-induced reduction in ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS), demonstrating great potential effect for heart protection. Through comparative analysis of the transcriptome profile from heart samples of mice treated with DMSO control, CFZ injection, and EA stimulation, we identified a total of 770 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CFZ (vs. Control) group and 329 DEGs in EA (vs. CFZ) group. Specifically, CFZ (vs. Control) group exhibited 65 up-regulated DEGs and 705 down-regulated DEGs, while EA (vs. CFZ) group displayed 251 up-regulated DEGs and 78 down-regulated DEGs. Metascape analysis revealed that among these treatment groups, there were 137 co-expressed DEGs remarkably enriched in skeletal system development, cellular response to growth factor stimulus, negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway, and muscle contraction. The expression patterns of miR-8114, Myl4, Col1a1, Tmem163, Myl7, Sln, and Fxyd3, which belong to the top 30 DEGs, were verified by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). In summary, this study firstly discloses novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying PC6-based EA therapy against CFZ-induced cardiotoxicity, potentially serving as a theoretical foundation for further clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Chen
- No.1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Rou Peng
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yi Qian
- No.3 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Yizhou Lu
- No.1 Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Liyao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Meiling Yu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Minjiao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Shengfeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Wang C, Liang X, Yu Y, Li Y, Wen X, Liu M. Electroacupuncture pretreatment alleviates myocardial injury through regulating mitochondrial function. Eur J Med Res 2020; 25:29. [PMID: 32738910 PMCID: PMC7395969 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-020-00431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Electroacupuncture is well known for its advantageous neuroanalgesic and therapeutic effects on myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury. The purpose of the present research was to verify whether electroacupuncture can alleviate bupivacaine-induced myocardial injury. Methods Specific pathogen-free Wistar rats were used to establish the bupivacaine-induced myocardial injury model. Western blot, PCR, transmission electron microscope and enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) methods were used to evaluate bupivacaine-induced structure injury and dysfunction of the mitochondria as well as the alleviating effects of lipid emulsion, acupoint injection, and electroacupuncture pre-treatment of the oxidase stress response. Results Bupivacaine caused structural damage, degradation, and swelling of mitochondria. Furthermore, it reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and impaired energy metabolism in the mitochondria. Structural and functional impairment of the mitochondria was alleviated via lipid emulsion injection, acupoint injection, and electroacupuncture pre-treatment. Electroacupuncture pre-treatment of PC6 yielded a greater alleviating effect than others approaches. Following electroacupuncture pre-treatment of PC6 point, the number of mitochondria increased; apoptosis was reduced, enzymatic activity of cytochrome C oxidase (COX) and superoxide dismutase and expression of uncoupling protein 2, voltage-dependent anion channel 1, and Bcl 2 were upregulated and SLC25A6, MDA levels were downregulated. Additionally, our findings indicated that electroacupuncture pre-treatment of PC6 point exerted an effect on the mitochondria via the mitochondrial-transcription-factor-A/nuclear-respiratory-factor-1/proliferator-activated-receptor-gamma-coactivator-1 pathway. Conclusion The present study revealed that electroacupuncture pre-treatment of PC6 could effectively alleviate bupivacaine-induced myocardial mitochondrial damage, thereby providing a theoretical basis for clinical studies and applications of this treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunai Wang
- Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 424, Guazhou Road, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China.
| | - Xi Liang
- Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 424, Guazhou Road, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 424, Guazhou Road, Qilihe District, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Yulan Li
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaohui Wen
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Min Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Eberl S, Monteiro de Olivera N, Bourne D, Streitberger K, Fockens P, Hollmann MW, Preckel B. Effect of electroacupuncture on sedation requirements during colonoscopy: a prospective placebo-controlled randomised trial. Acupunct Med 2020; 38:131-139. [PMID: 31968988 DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2017-011459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Propofol provides excellent sedation during colonoscopy. However, its application, namely when used together with an opioid, is associated with cardiopulmonary depression. Acupuncture is used nowadays for the treatment of pain and anxiety, and also to induce sedation. We hypothesised that electroacupuncture (EA) during colonoscopy would have sedative effects, thereby reducing propofol requirements to achieve an adequate level of sedation. METHOD The study was designed and conducted as a single centre, patient and observer blinded, sham- and placebo-controlled randomised trial. Patients scheduled for elective colonoscopy under deep propofol/alfentanil sedation were randomly assigned to receive unilateral EA, sham-acupuncture (SA) or placebo-acupuncture (PA) at ST36, PC6 and LI4. The primary outcome parameter was the total dosage of propofol. Secondary outcomes included the patients' and endoscopists' satisfaction levels evaluated by questionnaires. RESULTS The dosage of propofol required (median [IQR]) was not significantly different between the three groups (EA group 147 μg/kg/min [109-193] vs SA group 141 μg/kg/min [123- 180] vs PA group 141 μg/kg/min [112-182]; P=0.776). There was also no significant difference in alfentanil consumption (P=0.634). Global satisfaction (median [IQR]) among patients (EA group 6.6 [6.0-7.0] vs SA group 6.8 [6.0-7.0] vs PA group 6.5 [6.0-7.0]; P=0.481) and endoscopists (6.0 [5.0-6.0] for all groups; P=0.773) did not significantly differ between the three groups. There was no significant difference in the number of cardiorespiratory events. CONCLUSION For colonoscopy, the applied mode of EA did not show any propofol-sparing sedative effect compared with sham or placebo acupuncture. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is registered in the Netherland's Trial Registry (NTR4325).
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Eberl
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Konrad Streitberger
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Therapy, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paul Fockens
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Markus W Hollmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benedikt Preckel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Cui Y, Liu J, Huang C, Zhao B. Moxibustion at CV4 alleviates atherosclerotic lesions through activation of the LXRα/ABCA1 pathway in apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice. Acupunct Med 2019; 37:237-243. [PMID: 31140825 PMCID: PMC7433780 DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2016-011317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the anti-atherogenic effect of moxibustion and whether it is mediated through the reverse cholesterol transport process. Methods: 8-week-old male apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE−/− knockout) mice were randomly divided into two groups (n=10 per group): atherosclerosis (AS) and AS plus moxibustion (AS+M). C57BL/6J mice of the same background (n=10) were selected as controls. Mice in the AS+M group received indirect moxibustion with an ignited moxa stick held over CV4. Mice of the AS and control groups were restrained in the same holder with an unlit moxa stick held over CV4. All treatments were performed for 20 min per day, 6 days per week for 12 weeks. After the treatment, the mice were euthanased and their serum lipids were measured. The aortic roots and thoracic aortas were collected for haematoxylin and eosin and red oil O staining, respectively, to analyse the atherosclerotic lesions. Expression of adenosine triphosphate binding cassette (ABCA)A1/G1 and liver X receptor α (LXRα) in the thoracic aorta were examined with Western blotting. Results: The moxibustion-treated (AS+M) mice showed a significantly lower plaque area percentage in the aortic root and thoracic aorta, and higher expression of LXRα and ABCA1 in the thoracic aorta compared with the AS mice. No significant differences were found in average lipid area percentage in the thoracic aorta, or ABCG1 expression in the thoracic aorta, between mice in the AS+M and AS groups. Conclusion: Moxibustion treatment at CV4 suppressed the progression of atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE−/− mice. The anti-atherogenic effect of moxibustion may be achieved by: (1) regulation of lipid metabolism, and thus prevention of lipid accumulation; and (2) upregulation of LXRα- and ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux in the lesion area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Cui
- 1 Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juntian Liu
- 2 Acupuncture and Moxibustion Department, Huguosi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Huang
- 3 School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baixiao Zhao
- 3 School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Gao YL, Zhang Y, Cao JP, Wu SB, Cai XH, Zhang YC, Zhang RJ, Song XG, Zhang LD. Regulation of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response and Neuroprotective Effects of Acupuncture on Brain Injury Caused by Heroin Addiction. Acupunct Med 2018; 35:366-373. [DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2016-011220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate regulation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) response by acupuncture and to investigate its neuroprotective effect on brain injury caused by heroin addiction. Methods A total of 48 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a healthy control group (Control), an untreated heroin exposed group (Heroin) and a heroin exposed group receiving electroacupuncture (EA) treatment at GV14 and GV20 (Heroin+acupuncture) with n=16 rats per group. A rat model of heroin addiction was established by intramuscular injection of incremental doses of heroin for 8 consecutive days. A rat model of heroin relapse was established according to the exposure (addiction) → detoxification method. Apoptotic changes in nerve cells in the hippocampus and ventral tegmental area (VTA) were evaluated in each group of rats using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay. PERK, eIF2a, CHOP, IRE1 and JNK gene expression and protein expression were measured using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) assay and immunohistochemical assay, respectively. Results The total number of positive nerve cells in the hippocampus and VTA was significantly lower in the Heroin+acupuncture group than in the Heroin group (p<0.01). Compared with the Heroin group, mRNA and protein expression of PERK, eIF2a, CHOP, IRE1 and JNK in the hippocampus and VTA were significantly downregulated in the Heroin+acupuncture group (p<0.05). Conclusion The acupuncture-regulated ERS response appears to mediate the neuroprotective effect of acupuncture in heroin-addicted rats with brain injury. Inhibition of CHOP and JNK upregulation and reduction of nerve cell apoptosis may be the main mechanisms underlying the effects of acupuncture on heroin addiction-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Long Gao
- Clinical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Orthopedic, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiang-Peng Cao
- Clinical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Orthopedic, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Sheng-Bing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Xin’ an Medicine Constructed by Anhui Province and Chinese Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xing-Hui Cai
- Clinical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Orthopedic, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yan-Chun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Rong-Jun Zhang
- Clinical College of Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ge Song
- Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Li-Da Zhang
- Clinical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Orthopedic, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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