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Deng G, Feng X, Zhang H, Li L, Cao Q, Fu Y, Zhou X. Efficacy and safety of moxibustion as a complementary and alternative therapy for asthma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112760. [PMID: 39067402 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of moxibustion as a complementary or alternative treatment for asthma. METHODS Seven databases were searched up to June 23, 2024, to identify RCTs assessing moxibustion for bronchial asthma. The outcomes of interest included response to treatment, asthma control, quality of life, lung function, immunological indicators, and incidence of adverse events (AEs). The treatment effects were measured by proportional odds ratios or mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS Thirty-seven RCTs (n = 2,879) were included. Moderate- to very low-quality evidence showed that compared with anti-asthmatic drugs alone, moxibustion plus anti-asthmatic drugs led to a significantly better response and greater increases in lung function, asthma control, and IgE levels. However, the combination therapy had no effect on children's quality of life. In the active comparisons, moxibustion resulted in a superior response to treatment and a greater improvement in asthma control and had comparable effects on lung function, quality of life, and IgE levels compared with anti-asthmatic drugs. The effects of moxibustion on the proportions of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells and the eosinophil count were inconsistent between the add-on and active comparisons. All reported AEs related to moxibustion were mild. CONCLUSIONS Moxibustion, as an adjunctive treatment or used alone, may improve the response to treatment, lung function, asthma control, and IgE levels in patients with asthma with good safety. Its effects on children's quality of life and immune cell levels remain uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Deng
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Xianjie Feng
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Linhui Li
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qianan Cao
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yong Fu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Xu Zhou
- Evidence-based Medicine Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Ma FL, Liu JN, Wang XC, Ma GM, Song JJ, Chai GB, Lv Y, Zhang QD, Yu YJ, She Y. A novel comprehensive strategy for high-thoroughly studying released compounds during the combustion process of herbs. A case study for Artemisia argyi Levl. et Vant. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1716:464653. [PMID: 38232638 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The comprehensive study of compound variations in released smoke during the combustion process is a great challenge in many scientific fields related to analytical chemistry like traditional Chinese medicine, environment analysis, food analysis, etc. In this work, we propose a new comprehensive strategy for efficiently and high-thoroughly characterizing compounds in the online released complex smokes: (i) A smoke capture device was designed for efficiently collecting chemical constituents to perform gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based untargeted analysis. (ii) An advanced data analysis tool, AntDAS-GCMS, was used for automatically extracting compounds in the original acquired GC-MS data files. Additionally, a GC-MS data analysis guided instrumental parameter optimizing strategy was proposed for the optimization of parameters in the smoke capture device. The developed strategy was demonstrated by the study of compound variations in the smoke of traditional Chinese medicine, Artemisia argyi Levl. et Vant. The results indicated that more than 590 components showed significant differences among released smokes of various moxa velvet ratios. Finally, about 88 compounds were identified, of which phenolic compounds were the most abundant, followed by aromatics, alkenes, alcohols and furans. In conclusion, we may provide a novel approach to the studies of compounds in online released smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Lian Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jia-Nan Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xing-Cai Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Gui-Mei Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jing-Jing Song
- Ningxia Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - Guo-Bi Chai
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Wolfberry and Wine for State Administration for Market Regulation, Ningxia Food Testing and Research Institute, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Qi-Dong Zhang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yong-Jie Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Yuanbin She
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
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Yu N, Zhu X, Feng S, Zhang C, Liu L, Ju S, Zhong Z, Xing W. A breathable PTFE membrane for enhanced moxibustion process and occupational health protection. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Meng X, Wang L, Li C, Gao S, Yu H, Zhang L, Sun J. Efficacy of Moxibustion Smoke for Stage 1 Post-Stroke Shoulder-Hand Syndrome: Protocol for a Multi-Center, Single-Blind Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial. J Pain Res 2022; 15:643-653. [PMID: 35264882 PMCID: PMC8901261 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s351576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Materials and Methods Trial Registration Number
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Meng
- Acupuncture Department, Beijing Huguosi TCM Hospital, affiliated with Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Wang
- Acupuncture Department, Beijing Huguosi TCM Hospital, affiliated with Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunying Li
- Acupuncture Department, Beijing Huguosi TCM Hospital, affiliated with Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sen Gao
- Rehablitation Department, Beijing Huguosi TCM Hospital, affiliated with Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haikuo Yu
- Rehabilitation Department, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lufen Zhang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Sun
- Rehabilitation Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jie Sun, Rehabilitation Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, No. 390 Spring Road, Changping District, Beijing, 102211, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Study of Thermal Behavior of Moxa Floss Using Thermogravimetric and Pyrolysis-GC/MS Analyses. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6298565. [PMID: 33680055 PMCID: PMC7904358 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6298565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Moxa floss is a type of biomass used as the main combustion material in moxibustion, a therapy that applies heat from moxa floss combustion to points or body areas for treatment. Safety concerns regarding moxa smoke have been raised in recent years. Since moxa floss is the source material in moxibustion, its thermal behavior and pyrolysis products would be related to the products formed in moxa smoke. This work aims to understand the thermal behavior of moxa floss and investigate the pyrolysis products generated from moxa floss combustion. Six commercial moxa floss samples of 3 storage years and 10 storage years, and of low, medium, and high ratios, were selected. The kinetic data from moxa floss combustion was carried out by a thermogravimetric analyzer. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy using a gas chromatograph and mass spectrometer equipped with a pyroprobe were used to examine the pyrolysis products. Thermogravimetric profiles for all the samples were overall similar and showed a monotonic weight decrease. The range of intensive reaction temperature occurred between 150°C and 450°C, which was characterized by a major weight loss and accompanied by an exothermal degradation of the main components. The average ignition temperature for the samples of 3 and 10 storage years was 218.3°C and 222.6°C, respectively, which was lower than most herbaceous plants. The identified pyrolysis products include monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, acids, and alkanes. All were of relatively low intensities of below 5% in relative abundance. No volatiles were detected in the samples of 10 storage years. The relatively low values of ignition temperature suggested that moxa floss is more combustible and can be ignited more easily than other herbaceous plants. This may explain why moxa floss has remained as the preferred material used for moxibustion over the years.
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Cortisol Secretion and Subsequent Impaired Lymphopoiesis after Starvation Can Be Reduced by Moxibustion Treatment. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8856687. [PMID: 33613686 PMCID: PMC7878081 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8856687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As a known steroid hormone, cortisol is involved in gluconeogenesis. Uninterrupted cortisol secretion has fatal effects, both physically and psychologically, because cortisol counteracts the immune response. Moxibustion (Mox) treatment is a traditional technique used in East Asia, which therapeutically transfers heat to certain points on the body surface. In the present study, the effect of Mox treatment on stress hormone secretion was investigated using a mouse model of starvation, in which Mox was applied on the Zhongwan acupoint (CV12). First, high cortisol levels induced by starvation were dose-dependently reduced by Mox treatment. In addition, the stress-induced decline in lymphoid progenitor cell production accompanied by altered cellularity in the thymus, bone marrow, and spleen was also significantly recovered by Mox treatment. Taken together, these findings indicated that Mox treatment reduces stress hormone secretion, which may rescue stress-induced lymphopoiesis impairment. These observations also suggested that enhanced resistance to stress may be one of the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory effects of Mox treatment.
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Xu X, Shan S, Wang W, Liu H. Analysis of the Components in Moxa Smoke by GC-MS and Preliminary Discussion on Its Toxicity and Side Effects. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:2648759. [PMID: 33178311 PMCID: PMC7648687 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2648759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Moxibustion plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of diseases and the promotion of human health. In this study, the components in moxa smoke from Jiangxi Poai Biotechnology Co., Ltd., namely, Qing moxa sticks, were absorbed by five solvents (cyclohexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, anhydrous ethanol, and water) and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The identification results of the smoke from the Qing moxa sticks that was absorbed in liquid are as follows: a total of 294 compounds were identified, including 139 in cyclohexane, 145 in ethyl acetate, 60 in n-butanol, 89 in anhydrous ethanol, and 77 in water, and of those, 112 toxic compounds were identified. Furthermore, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software and the PubChem database were successfully applied to analyze the toxic compounds. There were 812 target proteins related to the toxic components, 25 molecular networks, and 54 biological pathways. The results showed that the toxic compounds of moxa smoke may have some side effects on the heart, liver, and kidney of humans. This study revealed that the components of moxa smoke are complex and diverse. Due to the findings of toxic compounds in moxa smoke, we recommend that moxibustion rooms should be equipped with ventilation equipment or enough artificial ventilation to ensure the health of patients and practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenisis, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of TCM Basic Theory, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Si Shan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenisis, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of TCM Basic Theory, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Wenlei Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenisis, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of TCM Basic Theory, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
| | - Hongning Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of TCM Etiopathogenisis, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
- Research Center for Differentiation and Development of TCM Basic Theory, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
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Wang HY, Xu X, Li L, Ding CY, Lu J, Zhang YY, Zhang YF, Zhang YL, Sun ZQ. Moxibustion therapy in Chinese patients with ankylosing spondylitis: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Eur J Integr Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2019.100952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Yu C, Zhang N, Zhu W, Zhang Y, Yang J, Wang Y, Song X, Hu L, Wu Z, Liu Q, Tang Y, Wu Q, Yu S. Does Moxa Smoke Have Significant Effect on the Acupuncturist's Respiratory System? A Population-Based Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:4873235. [PMID: 31636685 PMCID: PMC6766099 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4873235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the safety of moxa smoke, especially to provide quantitative information and details for the occupational prevention of acupuncturists. METHODS We combined the questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey and lung function testing-based historical retrospective cohort research to investigate the safety of moxa smoke exposure (MSE) among acupuncturists. A mathematical regression model was established to quantitatively evaluate the relationship between moxa smoke exposure and the respiratory health of the acupuncturist. The smoke exposure time of the acupuncturist and the prevalence of abnormal respiratory symptoms or diseases were also evaluated. RESULTS (1) The cross-sectional research showed that the incidence of expectoration (18.7%) and rhinitis (22.7%) was the most common respiratory symptom and disease after MSE. No statistical difference was found between smoke exposure time of the acupuncturist and the prevalence of abnormal respiratory symptoms or diseases, except the prevalence of rhinitis and shortness of breath (P < 0.01). Regression model for the incidence of first three symptoms (expectoration, shortness of breath, and wheezing) from the cross-sectional survey indicated that the weight coefficients of factors associated with moxa smoke were lower than those of factors unrelated to moxa smoke, such as gender and personal history of respiratory diseases. (2) Historical retrospective cohort research showed that there was no significant difference in the % predicted PEF. No statistic difference was found between the exposed and nonexposed group in large airway function indexes (% predicted FEV1, % predicted FVC, and % predicted FEV1/FVC) and small airway function indexes (% predicted FEF25, % predicted FEF50, % predicted FEF75, and % predicted MMEF), either. Especially, the % predicted MVV among males (106.23 ± 2.92 vs. 95.56 ± 1.92, P < 0.01 and % predicted VC among females (100.70 ± 1.59 vs. 95.91 ± 1.61, P < 0.05) between the two groups had statistical significance, but did not cause pulmonary ventilation dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS MSE has no significant effect on the respiratory health of acupuncturists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Weikang Zhu
- CEMS, NCMIS, MDIS, Academy of Mathematics & Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Yueyue Zhang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Yong Wang
- CEMS, NCMIS, MDIS, Academy of Mathematics & Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Xiaoge Song
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Ling Hu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Zijian Wu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui 230000, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 712046, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Qiaofeng Wu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
| | - Shuguang Yu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610075, China
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Comparison of the Efficacy between Conventional Moxibustion and Smoke-Free Moxibustion on Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:1291947. [PMID: 31001350 PMCID: PMC6437731 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1291947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the difference of efficacy between conventional moxibustion (CM) and smoke-free moxibustion (SM) for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee (KOA). Methods This is a multicentre, randomized, single blinded, parallel-group clinical trial. Patients with KOA were randomly allocated to CM group (69) and SM group (69) in 7 hospitals of China. Moxibustion treatment in 12 sessions over 4 weeks was administrated at 3 acupuncture points (EX-LE4, ST35, and ST36). Patients completed standard questionnaires at baseline and after 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) from the baseline to 4 weeks. The secondary outcomes include Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Patient Global Assessment score (PGA). Results Analyses showed that the WOMAC score improved in pain (95% CI,-0.1[-1.2 to 0.9], p=0.76), stiffness (95% CI,-0.1 [-0.5 to 0.3], p=0.71), and function (95% CI, 2.2 [-1.3 to 5.8], p=0.22) compared between the two groups at 4 weeks, as well as the VAS score (95% CI,0.1 [-0.3 to 0.6], p=0.60). Similar results presented at 8 and 12 weeks. No statistically significant difference was observed between CM and SM groups for outcome measurements. Conclusions It suggested that smoke generated during moxibustion treatment does not affect the efficacy of moxibustion in the treatment of KOA, which should be taken into account to be removed for the sake of reducing environmental pollution or moxa smoke exposure of acupuncturists or patients. This trial is registered with Clinical Trials.gov, NCT02772055.
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He R, Han L, Liu P, Hu H, Yang J, Cai H, Huang C, Wang L, Liu J, Huang J, Ha L, Liu Y, Wu J, Zhu M, Zhao B. Lung Function Decline after 24 Weeks of Moxa Smoke Exposure in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:9236742. [PMID: 30755777 PMCID: PMC6348917 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9236742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Moxibustion is a complementary therapy that has been used for thousands of years. Burning moxa produces smoke and inhalable particulates. Recent research has indicated that smoke inhalation is associated with negative lung effects. This study aimed to evaluate the lung function of rats after moxa smoke exposure at different concentrations. METHODS Using a randomised block experiment design, 28 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three moxa smoke groups (opacity) (n=7): low concentration (27.45 mg/m3), medium concentration (168.76 mg/m3), and high concentration (384.67 mg/m3) with a control group. Rats in the moxa smoke groups were exposed in an automatic dynamic exposure device separately with different concentrations for 20 min/d, 6d/week, for 24 weeks. Rats in the control group were exposed in the same space without moxa smoke. Lung function was evaluated by the AniRes 2005 animal pulmonary function analysing system. Statistical Product and Service Solutions 18.0 software was used for data analysis. RESULTS In the study, no deaths were found in any group. There was no difference of forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity percentage (FEV1/FVC%), inspiratory resistance (Ri), and expiratory resistance (Re) among each group after 24 weeks of moxa smoke exposure (P>0.05). Compared with the control group (0.33 ml/cmH20), dynamic compliance (Cdyn) was reduced in the medium (0.29 ml/cmH20) and high (0.25 ml/cmH20) concentration groups (P<0.05); however, Cdyn in the low concentration group (0.29 ml/cmH20) was not significantly affected. CONCLUSION Moxa smoke exposure at low concentrations did not affect the rat's lung function. Moxa smoke of medium and high concentrations destroyed the lung function represented by decreased Cdyn. However, moxa smoke of low concentrations (27.45 mg/m3) is much higher than the concentration in a regular moxibustion clinic (3.54 mg/m3). Moxa smoke at higher concentrations might destroy the lung function. The safety evaluation of moxa smoke requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui He
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li Han
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Beijing Electric Power Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Hu
- Beijing Hospital of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cai
- Chongqing Yubei District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang Huang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Juntian Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lue Ha
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yaomeng Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jihong Wu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Maoxiang Zhu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baixiao Zhao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Kang B, Jung WM, Lee H, Chae Y. Psychophysical and psychophysiological effects of heat stimulation by electric moxibustion. Complement Ther Med 2018; 42:400-405. [PMID: 30670273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Traditional moxibustion might be not safe due to the excessive heat stimulation or toxic chemical components involved. Electric moxibustion (EM), which has been recently developed as an alternative, offers adjustable and constant heat stimulation. This study aimed to investigate the psychophysical and psychophysiological responses to EM heat stimulation. METHODS Twenty-seven healthy volunteers received two different levels of heat stimulation using EM. High-temperature (HT) and medium-temperature (MT) heat stimulations were randomly delivered at the TE5 acupoint on the left or right arm. Participants rated the intensity and the spatial information of the heat sensations immediately after each EM stimulation. Local blood flow around the acupoint was measured with Laser Doppler perfusion imaging before and after heat stimulation. RESULTS Both HT-EM and MT-EM induced considerable heat sensations and enhanced local blood flow around the acupoints. HT-EM resulted in greater heat sensation compared to MT-EM. HT-EM induced a higher increase in local blood flow around the stimulation site compared to MT-EM. No remarkable adverse effects were noted. CONCLUSION Two different levels of EM heat stimulation induced two different levels of heat sensations and enhanced local blood flow. This preliminary study suggests that the newly developed EM can be further applied to examine the effectiveness of moxibustion in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beomku Kang
- Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Mo Jung
- Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Lee
- Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Younbyoung Chae
- Acupuncture & Meridian Science Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kwon S, Heo S, Kim D, Kang S, Woo JM. Changes in trust and the use of Korean medicine in South Korea: a comparison of surveys in 2011 and 2014. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:463. [PMID: 28915876 PMCID: PMC5603087 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1969-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Korean medicine (KM) has been widely used in Korea. This study aimed to assess the general perceptions of KM, to investigate the patterns of its usage in 2014, and to compare the results with those of an earlier survey from 2011. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1000 Korean people. The questionnaire included items regarding trust in KM, reasons for distrust of KM, and visit frequency to KM clinics. This study used methods consistent with those of a 2011 survey to examine changes in attitudes over 3 years. Results Despite high rates of trust in KM, the visit frequency decreased from 69.3% in 2011 to 63.2% in 2014. Usage among young adults (in their 20s and 30s) was significantly reduced compared to all other age groups. The KM modality most commonly used by participants was acupuncture, whereas the use of moxibustion and cupping therapies has decreased since 2011. Men and women were most likely to distrust KM due to a “lack of scientific evidence” (59.3%) and “suspicion of KM safety” (47.4%), respectively. Conclusions The findings suggested that KM use and trust in KM were slightly lower in 2014 than in 2011. The decreases were most notable among individuals in their 30s and in the use of moxibustion in KM therapy. This study aimed to produce practical insights by reviewing patterns of KM use and perceptions over time. Additional surveys must be considered to produce a more in-depth analysis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-017-1969-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Kim M, Kim JE, Lee HY, Kim AR, Park HJ, Kwon OJ, Kim EJ, Park YC, Seo BK, Cho JH, Kim JH. Moxibustion for cancer-related fatigue: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:353. [PMID: 28679410 PMCID: PMC5499061 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1856-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Cancer-related fatigue is one of the most common symptoms experienced by cancer patients, and it diminishes their quality of life. However, there is currently no confirmed standard treatment for cancer-related fatigue, and thus, many patients who suffer cancer-related fatigue seek complementary and alternative medicines such as moxibustion. Moxibustion is one of the most popular therapies in traditional Korean medicine used to manage fatigue. Recent studies have also demonstrated that moxibustion is effective for treating chronic fatigue. However, there is insufficient evidence supporting the effect of moxibustion against cancer-related fatigue. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of moxibustion treatment for cancer-related fatigue. Methods/design A multi-center, three-armed parallel, randomized controlled trial will be conducted. Ninety-six patients with cancer-related fatigue will be recruited from three clinical research centers. They will be randomly allocated to one of three groups in a 1:1:1 ratio. The moxibustion group will receive moxibustion treatment at CV8, CV12, LI4 and ST36. The sham moxibustion group will receive sham moxibustion at non-acupoints. Both the moxibustion and sham moxibustion groups will receive 30-min treatments twice a week for 8 weeks. The usual care group will not receive moxibustion treatment. All participants will be educated via a brochure on how to manage cancer-related fatigue in daily life. The outcome measurements will be evaluated at baseline, week 5, week 9, and week 13 by assessors who are blinded to the group allocation. The primary outcome measure will be the mean change in the average scores of the Brief Fatigue Inventory before and after treatments between groups. The secondary outcome measures will be the mean difference in changes from baseline of the Brief Fatigue Inventory, functional assessments of cancer therapy-fatigue, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C-30 scores, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores between groups. Safety will be assessed by monitoring adverse events at each visit. Discussion The results of this study will provide evidence to confirm whether moxibustion can be used as a therapeutic option for treating cancer-related fatigue. Trial registration Clinical Research Information Service KCT0002170. Registered 16 December 2016. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1856-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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