1
|
Zhu H, Xu B, Hu C, Li A, Liao Q. Identification and validation of autophagy-related genes in Kawasaki disease. Hereditas 2023; 160:17. [PMID: 37085930 PMCID: PMC10120123 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-023-00278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology affecting mainly children. Studies have shown that the pathogenesis of KD may be related to autophagy. Using bioinformatics analysis, we assessed the significance of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in KD. METHODS Common ARGs were identified from the GeneCards Database, the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB), and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. ARGs were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Furthermore, related microRNAs (miRNAs), transcription factors (TFs), and drug interaction network were predicted. The immune cell infiltration of ARGs in tissues was explored. Finally, we used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to validate the diagnostic value and expression levels of ARGs in KD. RESULTS There were 20 ARGs in total. GO analysis showed that ARGs were mainly rich in autophagy, macro-autophagy, and GTPase activity. KEGG analysis showed that ARGs were mainly rich in autophagy-animal and the collecting duct acid secretion pathway. The expression of WIPI1, WDFY3, ATP6V0E2, RALB, ATP6V1C1, GBA, C9orf72, LRRK2, GNAI3, and PIK3CB is the focus of PPI network. A total of 72 related miRNAs and 130 related TFs were predicted by miRNA and TF targeting network analyses. Ten pairs of gene-drug interaction networks were also predicted; immune infiltration analysis showed that SH3GLB1, ATP6V0E2, PLEKHF1, RALB, KLHL3, and TSPO were closely related to CD8 + T cells and neutrophils. The ROC curve showed that ARGs had good diagnostic value in KD. qRT-PCR showed that WIPI1 and GBA were significantly upregulated. CONCLUSION Twenty potential ARGs were identified by bioinformatics analysis, and WIPI1 and GBA may be used as potential drug targets and biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Biao Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Cunshu Hu
- XianNing Public Inspection and Testing Cente, Xianning, China
| | - Aimin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.
| | - Qing Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Grasa CD, Fernández-Cooke E, Sánchez-Manubens J, Carazo-Gallego B, Aracil-Santos J, Anton J, Lirola MJ, Mercader B, Villalobos E, Bustillo M, Giralt G, Rocandio B, Escribano LM, Domínguez-Rodríguez S, Calvo C. Kawasaki disease in children younger than 6 months of age: characteristics of a Spanish cohort. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:589-598. [PMID: 34459958 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04215-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A retrospective study that compared children younger than 6 months versus older children of a Spanish cohort of patients diagnosed with Kawasaki disease between 2011 and 2016 (Kawa-Race study). From the 598 patients recruited, 42 patients were younger than 6 months (7%) and presented more frequently with an incomplete diagnosis of Kawasaki disease (52.4 vs 27.9%, p = 0.001). Cardiac abnormalities detected by echocardiography were more common in younger patients (52.4 vs 30%, p = 0.002). These younger patients presented with a higher proportion of coronary aneurysms as well (19 vs 8.6%, p < 0.001). Shock at diagnosis (9.5 vs 1.9%, p = 0.016) and admission to intensive care units (17.7 vs 4.1%, p = 0.003) were more frequent in patients younger than 6 months. There were no statistically significant differences in relation to infections, non-response to IVIG, or mid- or long-term outcomes.Conclusion: Data of the Spanish cohort are consistent with other American and Asian studies, although Spanish children younger than 6 months had a lower rate of non-response to IVIG and better clinical outcomes. A high index of suspicion should be considered for this population due to a higher risk of coronary abnormalities, presentation of shock, and admission to the intensive care unit. What is Known: •Children below 6 months of age with Kawasaki disease (KD) have different features compared to older. •Younger patients usually have an incomplete form of KD and coronary artery abnormalities. What is New: •Younger than 6 months with KD presented with shock and required admission to PICU more frequently compared to older. •Infections play a similar role in KD despite the age of the patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D Grasa
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Pº Castellana, 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elisa Fernández-Cooke
- Pediatric Research and Clinical Trial Unit (UPIC), Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario, 12 Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,imas2, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,RITIP, Spanish Network for the Research in Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Begoña Carazo-Gallego
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hospital Regional Universitario, Malaga, Spain
| | - Javier Aracil-Santos
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Pº Castellana, 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Anton
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José Lirola
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Instituto Hispalense de Pediatría, Seville, Spain
| | - Beatriz Mercader
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Virgen de La Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Matilde Bustillo
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gemma Giralt
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rocandio
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Lucía M Escribano
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital General de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Sara Domínguez-Rodríguez
- Pediatric Research and Clinical Trial Unit (UPIC), Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario, 12 Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,imas2, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Calvo
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Pº Castellana, 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain.,RITIP, Spanish Network for the Research in Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Madrid, Spain.,IdiPaz, Institute for Health Research From La Paz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Palacios Argueta JR, Sanchez-Manubens J, Flavio Z, Teodoro Marin S, Prada Martinez FH. Giant coronary aneurysm in a 6-week-old infant, an unusual finding? Echocardiography 2022; 39:371-374. [PMID: 35038181 DOI: 10.1111/echo.15252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a self-limited vasculitis with significant morbidity and even mortality if not treated early. The diagnosis and timely treatment in children younger than 3 months is challenging as most of them have an incomplete or atypical presentation. Coronary artery abnormalities are frequent in this type of patients. We present a 6-week-old female infant with KD who developed a giant coronary aneurysm. An early diagnosis and promptly treatment, as well as the echocardiographic and multimodality follow-up allowed us to improve our clinical approach and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Roberto Palacios Argueta
- Pediatric Medicine Service, Corporacion Sanitaria del Parc Tauli, Sabadell, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Sanchez-Manubens
- Pediatric Medicine Service, Corporacion Sanitaria del Parc Tauli, Sabadell, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Barcelona, Spain.,Pediatric Rheumatology Service, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zuccarino Flavio
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Univesitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Radiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Radiology, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Teodoro Marin
- Pediatric Medicine Service, Corporacion Sanitaria del Parc Tauli, Sabadell, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Freddy H Prada Martinez
- Pediatric Cardiology Service, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Schoenmakers S, Snijder P, Verdijk RM, Kuiken T, Kamphuis SSM, Koopman LP, Krasemann TB, Rousian M, Broekhuizen M, Steegers EAP, Koopmans MPG, Fraaij PLA, Reiss IKM. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Placental Infection and Inflammation Leading to Fetal Distress and Neonatal Multi-Organ Failure in an Asymptomatic Woman. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2021; 10:556-561. [PMID: 33367801 PMCID: PMC7798999 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piaa153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In general, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during pregnancy is not considered to be an increased risk for severe maternal outcomes but has been associated with an increased risk for fetal distress. Maternal-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was initially deemed uncertain; however, recently a few cases of vertical transmission have been reported. The intrauterine mechanisms, besides direct vertical transmission, leading to the perinatal adverse outcomes are not well understood. METHODS Multiple maternal, placental, and neonatal swabs were collected for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Serology of immunoglobulins against SARS-CoV-2 was tested in maternal, umbilical cord, and neonatal blood. Placental examination included immunohistochemical investigation against SARS-CoV-2 antigen expression, with SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid (RNA) in situ hybridization and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS RT-qPCRs of the oropharynx, maternal blood, vagina, placenta, and urine were all positive over a period of 6 days, while breast milk, feces, and all neonatal samples tested negative. Placental findings showed the presence of SARS-CoV-2 particles with generalized inflammation characterized by histiocytic intervillositis with diffuse perivillous fibrin depositions with damage to the syncytiotrophoblasts. CONCLUSIONS Placental infection by SARS-CoV-2 leads to fibrin depositions hampering fetal-maternal gas exchange with resulting fetal distress necessitating a premature emergency cesarean section. Postpartum, the neonate showed a fetal or pediatric inflammatory multisystem-like syndrome with coronary artery ectasia temporarily associated with SARS-CoV-2 for which admittance and care on the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were required, despite being negative for SARS-CoV-2. This highlights the need for awareness of adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes during the current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, especially considering that the majority of pregnant women appear asymptomatic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Schoenmakers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pauline Snijder
- Department of Neonatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert M Verdijk
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs Kuiken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia S M Kamphuis
- Department of Pediatric Infectiology, Immunology and Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laurens P Koopman
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas B Krasemann
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melek Rousian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle Broekhuizen
- Department of Neonatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric A P Steegers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion P G Koopmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter L A Fraaij
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Infectiology, Immunology and Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irwin K M Reiss
- Department of Neonatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Aim of the review: To review major epidemiological aspects of Kawasaki disease (KD) in Europe, describing demographic characteristics, revising its incidence along with time trends and geographic variations, and describing migration studies to provide clues about its etiology. Recent findings: The annual incidence of KD in Europe is about 10-15 per 100,000 children under 5 years old and seems to be relatively stable over time and space. Demographic characteristics are in line with those in other countries of the world, with a higher incidence in children from Asia and possibly North African origin. All studies performed across Europe found a coherent seasonal distribution of KD onset peaking from winter to early spring. This seasonal distribution was consistent over the years and suggests a climate-related environmental trigger. The occurrence of peaks during pandemics, microbiological findings and a possible link with southerly winds support the hypothesis of an airborne infectious agent. Neither other airborne agents such as pollutants or pollens nor urbanization and industrialization seem to have major effect on the etiology. Conclusion: Discrepancies in KD incidence rates across studies were due more to methodological differences, variation in definitions and awareness of the disease than a real increase in incidence. Genetic predisposition is undeniable in KD, but environmental factors seem to play a pivotal role. Several lines of evidence support a non-exclusive airborne infectious agent with a protective immune response by the host as a key factor in inducing the inflammatory cascade responsible for symptoms and complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Piram
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Centre of the Sainte Justine University Hospital, Sainte Justine University Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), University Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Characteristics and trends in diagnosis of Kawasaki disease outside the usual age range. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 40:1515-1523. [PMID: 32845440 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05361-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the trends in diagnosis of Kawasaki disease (KD) and determine the characteristics for patients outside the usual age range of 6 months to 4 years. METHOD A retrospective review of patients with KD identified in four epidemiological surveys spanning 20 years (1998-2017) in Shanghai was performed. RESULTS A total of 8416 patients were included. All in all, 223 (2.6%) were aged 0 to 2 months, 639 (7.6%) were 3 to 5 months, 6556 (77.9%) were 6 months to 4 years, 915 (10.9%) were 5 to 9 years, and 83 (1.0%) were ≥ 10 years. The use of intravenous immunoglobulin increased in all extreme age groups, and delayed treatment rates decreased in all patients except in those aged 0 to 2 months and ≥ 10 years. The number of patients outside the usual age increased over time, but the proportion of these patients did not change significantly. They had more incomplete KD and coronary artery aneurysms (CAA), while those aged 0 to 2 months and ≥ 10 years had more delayed diagnoses in their respective age groups. The incidence of CAA was similar in younger and older children, but the former group had more cases of incomplete KD and abnormal laboratory parameters, while the latter group had longer duration of fever and was more difficult to diagnose promptly. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of KD outside the usual age range did not increase over time. Older and younger children have different clinical and laboratory characteristics. Key Points • The number of patients outside the usual age increased over time, but the proportion of these patients did not increase. • Patients aged 0 to 2 months and ≥ 10 years had more delayed diagnoses in their respective age groups. • Younger children had more cases of incomplete KD and abnormal laboratory parameters, while older children had longer duration of fever and were more difficult to diagnose promptly.
Collapse
|