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Laragione T, Harris C, Gulko PS. KIF1C and new Huntingtin-interacting protein 1 binding proteins regulate rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes' phenotypes. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1323410. [PMID: 38726004 PMCID: PMC11079228 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1323410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Huntingtin-interacting protein-1 (HIP1) is a new arthritis severity gene implicated in the regulation of the invasive properties of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). These invasive properties of FLS strongly correlate with radiographic and histology damage in patients with RA and rodent models of arthritis. While HIP1 has several intracellular functions, little is known about its binding proteins, and identifying them has the potential to expand our understanding of its role in cell invasion and other disease-contributing phenotypes, and potentially identify new targets for therapy. Methods FLS cell lines from arthritic DA (highly invasive) and from arthritis-protected congenic rats R6 (minimally invasive), which differ in an amino-acid changing HIP1 SNP, were cultured and lysed, and proteins were immunoprecipitated with an anti-HIP1 antibody. Immunoprecipitates were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Differentially detected (bound) proteins were selected for functional experiments using siRNA knockdown in human RA FLS to examine their effect in cell invasiveness, adhesion, cell migration and proliferation, and immunofluorescence microscopy. Results Proteins detected included a few known HIP1-binding proteins and several new ones. Forty-five proteins differed in levels detected in the DA versus R6 congenic mass spectrometry analyses. Thirty-two of these proteins were knocked down and studied in vitro, with 10 inducing significant changes in RA FLS phenotypes. Specifically, knockdown of five HIP1-binding protein genes (CHMP4BL1, COPE, KIF1C, YWHAG, and YWHAH) significantly decreased FLS invasiveness. Knockdown of KIF1C also reduced RA FLS migration. The binding of four selected proteins to human HIP1 was confirmed. KIF1C colocalized with lamellipodia, and its knockdown prevented RA FLS from developing an elongated morphology with thick linearized actin fibers or forming polarized lamellipodia, all required for cell mobility and invasion. Unlike HIP1, KIF1C knockdown did not affect Rac1 signaling. Conclusion We have identified new HIP1-binding proteins and demonstrate that 10 of them regulate key FLS phenotypes. These HIP1-binding proteins have the potential to become new therapeutic targets and help better understand the RA FLS pathogenic behavior. KIF1C knockdown recapitulated the morphologic changes previously seen in the absence of HIP1, but did not affect the same cell signaling pathway, suggesting involvement in the regulation of different processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Percio S. Gulko
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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2
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Cheng CF, Liao HJ, Wu CS. Tissue microenvironment dictates inflammation and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. J Formos Med Assoc 2022; 121:1027-1033. [PMID: 35144834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2022.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The recent advance in treatments for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has significantly improved the prognosis of RA patients. However, these novel therapies do not work well for all RA patients. The unmet need suggests that the current understanding about how inflammatory response arises and progresses in RA is limited. Recent accumulating evidence reveals an important role for the tissue microenvironment in the pathogenesis of RA. The synovium, the main tissue where the RA activity occurs, is composed by a unique extracellular matrix (ECM) and residing cells. The ECM molecules provide environmental signals that determine programmed site-specific cell behavior. Improved understanding of the tissue microenvironment, especially how the synovial architecture, ECM molecules, and site-specific cell behavior promote chronic inflammation and tissue destruction, will enhance deciphering the pathogenesis of RA. Moreover, in-depth analysis of tissue microenvironment will allow us to identify potential therapeutic targets. Research is now undertaken to explore potential candidates, both cellular and ECM molecules, to develop novel therapies. This article reviews recent advances in knowledge about how changes in cellular and ECM factors within the tissue microenvironment result in propagation of chronic inflammation in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Feng Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin County, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Jung Liao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Sheng Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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3
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Marsh LJ, Kemble S, Reis Nisa P, Singh R, Croft AP. Fibroblast pathology in inflammatory joint disease. Immunol Rev 2021; 302:163-183. [PMID: 34096076 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease in which fibroblasts contribute to both joint damage and inflammation. Fibroblasts are a major cell constituent of the lining of the joint cavity called the synovial membrane. Under resting conditions, fibroblasts have an important role in maintaining joint homeostasis, producing extracellular matrix and joint lubricants. In contrast, during joint inflammation, fibroblasts contribute to disease pathology by producing pathogenic levels of inflammatory mediators that drive the recruitment and retention of inflammatory cells within the joint. Recent advances in single-cell profiling techniques have transformed our ability to examine fibroblast biology, leading to the identification of specific fibroblast subsets, defining a previously underappreciated heterogeneity of disease-associated fibroblast populations. These studies are challenging the previously held dogma that fibroblasts are homogeneous and are providing unique insights into their role in inflammatory joint pathology. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of how fibroblast heterogeneity contributes to joint pathology in rheumatoid arthritis. Finally, we address how these insights could lead to the development of novel therapies that directly target selective populations of fibroblasts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy-Jayne Marsh
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing (IIA), Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Samuel Kemble
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing (IIA), Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Patricia Reis Nisa
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing (IIA), Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ruchir Singh
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing (IIA), Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Adam P Croft
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing (IIA), Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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4
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The p53 status in rheumatoid arthritis with focus on fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Immunol Res 2021; 69:225-238. [PMID: 33983569 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-021-09202-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
P53 is a transcription factor that regulates many signaling pathways like apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA repair, and cellular stress responses. P53 is involved in inflammatory responses through the regulation of inflammatory signaling pathways, induction of cytokines, and matrix metalloproteinase expression. Also, p53 regulates immune responses through modulating Toll-like receptors expression and innate and adaptive immune cell differentiation and maturation. P53 is a modulator of the apoptosis and proliferation processes through regulating multiple anti and pro-apoptotic genes. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is categorized as an invasive inflammatory autoimmune disease with irreversible deformity of joints and bone resorption. Different immune and non-immune cells contribute to RA pathogenesis. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) have been recently introduced as a key player in the pathogenesis of RA. These cells in RA synovium produce inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases which results in synovitis and joint destruction. Besides, hyper proliferation and apoptosis resistance of FLSs lead to synovial hyperplasia and bone and cartilage destruction. Given the critical role of p53 in inflammation, apoptosis, and cell proliferation, lack of p53 function (due to mutation or low expression) exerts a prominent role for this gene in the pathogenesis of RA. This review focuses on the role of p53 in different mechanisms and cells (specially FLSs) that involved in RA pathogenesis.
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5
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Location, location, location: how the tissue microenvironment affects inflammation in RA. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:195-212. [PMID: 33526927 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-020-00570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Current treatments for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) do not work well for a large proportion of patients, or at all in some individuals, and cannot cure or prevent this disease. One major obstacle to developing better drugs is a lack of complete understanding of how inflammatory joint disease arises and progresses. Emerging evidence indicates an important role for the tissue microenvironment in the pathogenesis of RA. Each tissue is made up of cells surrounded and supported by a unique extracellular matrix (ECM). These complex molecular networks define tissue architecture and provide environmental signals that programme site-specific cell behaviour. In the synovium, a main site of disease activity in RA, positional and disease stage-specific cellular diversity exist. Improved understanding of the architecture of the synovium from gross anatomy to the single-cell level, in parallel with evidence demonstrating how the synovial ECM is vital for synovial homeostasis and how dysregulated signals from the ECM promote chronic inflammation and tissue destruction in the RA joint, has opened up new ways of thinking about the pathogenesis of RA. These new ideas provide novel therapeutic approaches for patients with difficult-to-treat disease and could also be used in disease prevention.
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Singh V, Kalliolias GD, Ostaszewski M, Veyssiere M, Pilalis E, Gawron P, Mazein A, Bonnet E, Petit-Teixeira E, Niarakis A. RA-map: building a state-of-the-art interactive knowledge base for rheumatoid arthritis. Database (Oxford) 2020; 2020:baaa017. [PMID: 32311035 PMCID: PMC7170216 DOI: 10.1093/database/baaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive, inflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology. The complex mechanism of aetiopathogenesis, progress and chronicity of the disease involves genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying disease phenotypes, one has to place implicated factors in their functional context. However, integration and organization of such data in a systematic manner remains a challenging task. Molecular maps are widely used in biology to provide a useful and intuitive way of depicting a variety of biological processes and disease mechanisms. Recent large-scale collaborative efforts such as the Disease Maps Project demonstrate the utility of such maps as versatile tools to organize and formalize disease-specific knowledge in a comprehensive way, both human and machine-readable. We present a systematic effort to construct a fully annotated, expert validated, state-of-the-art knowledge base for RA in the form of a molecular map. The RA map illustrates molecular and signalling pathways implicated in the disease. Signal transduction is depicted from receptors to the nucleus using the Systems Biology Graphical Notation (SBGN) standard representation. High-quality manual curation, use of only human-specific studies and focus on small-scale experiments aim to limit false positives in the map. The state-of-the-art molecular map for RA, using information from 353 peer-reviewed scientific publications, comprises 506 species, 446 reactions and 8 phenotypes. The species in the map are classified to 303 proteins, 61 complexes, 106 genes, 106 RNA entities, 2 ions and 7 simple molecules. The RA map is available online at ramap.elixir-luxembourg.org as an open-access knowledge base allowing for easy navigation and search of molecular pathways implicated in the disease. Furthermore, the RA map can serve as a template for omics data visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidisha Singh
- Laboratoire Européen de Recherche pour la Polyarthrite Rhumatoïde - Genhotel, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 2, rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 EVRY-GENOPOLE cedex, Evry, France
| | - George D Kalliolias
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Department of Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marek Ostaszewski
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Maëva Veyssiere
- Laboratoire Européen de Recherche pour la Polyarthrite Rhumatoïde - Genhotel, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 2, rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 EVRY-GENOPOLE cedex, Evry, France
| | - Eleftherios Pilalis
- eNIOS Applications P.C., R&D department, Alexandrou Pantou 25, 17671, Kallithea-Athens, Greece
| | - Piotr Gawron
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Alexander Mazein
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 6 Avenue du Swing, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Eric Bonnet
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), CEA, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, CP5706 91057 EVRY-GENOPOLE cedex, Evry, France
| | - Elisabeth Petit-Teixeira
- Laboratoire Européen de Recherche pour la Polyarthrite Rhumatoïde - Genhotel, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 2, rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 EVRY-GENOPOLE cedex, Evry, France
| | - Anna Niarakis
- Laboratoire Européen de Recherche pour la Polyarthrite Rhumatoïde - Genhotel, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 2, rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 EVRY-GENOPOLE cedex, Evry, France
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Xu D, Liang J, Lin J, Yu C. PKM2: A Potential Regulator of Rheumatoid Arthritis via Glycolytic and Non-Glycolytic Pathways. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2919. [PMID: 31921178 PMCID: PMC6930793 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunometabolism provides a new perspective on the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In recent years, there have been investigations focusing on the role of intracellular glucose metabolism in the pathogenesis of RA. Previous studies have shown that glycolysis of synovial tissue is increased in RA patients, while glycolysis inhibitors can significantly inhibit synovitis. Pyruvate kinase (PK) is a key enzyme in glycolysis, catalyzing the final rate-limiting step in the process. An isoform of PK, PKM2, provides favorable conditions for the survival of tumor cells via its glycolytic or non-glycolytic functions and has become a potential therapeutic target in tumors. RA synovium has the characteristic of tumor-like growth, and, moreover, increased expression of PKM2 was identified in the synovial tissue of RA patients in recent studies, indicating the underlying role of PKM2 in RA. PKM2 has potential value as a new therapeutic target or biomarker for RA, but its exact role in RA remains unclear. In this review, the properties of PKM2 and existing research concerning PKM2 and RA are thoroughly reviewed and summarized, and the possible role and mechanism of PKM2 in RA are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Liang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Lin
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaohui Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Bedoui Y, Guillot X, Sélambarom J, Guiraud P, Giry C, Jaffar-Bandjee MC, Ralandison S, Gasque P. Methotrexate an Old Drug with New Tricks. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5023. [PMID: 31658782 PMCID: PMC6834162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is the first line drug for the treatment of a number of rheumatic and non-rheumatic disorders. It is currently used as an anchor disease, modifying anti-rheumatic drug in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Despite the development of numerous new targeted therapies, MTX remains the backbone of RA therapy due to its potent efficacy and tolerability. There has been also a growing interest in the use of MTX in the treatment of chronic viral mediated arthritis. Many viruses-including old world alphaviruses, Parvovirus B19, hepatitis B/C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus-have been associated with arthritogenic diseases and reminiscent of RA. MTX may provide benefits although with the potential risk of attenuating patients' immune surveillance capacities. In this review, we describe the emerging mechanisms of action of MTX as an anti-inflammatory drug and complementing its well-established immunomodulatory activity. The mechanisms involve adenosine signaling modulation, alteration of cytokine networks, generation of reactive oxygen species and HMGB1 alarmin suppression. We also provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of MTX toxic effects. Lastly, we discussed the efficacy, as well as the safety, of MTX used in the management of viral-related rheumatic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Bedoui
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Université de La Réunion-Plateforme Technologique CYROI-2, rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France.
| | - Xavier Guillot
- Service de Rhumatologie, CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France.
| | - Jimmy Sélambarom
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Université de La Réunion-Plateforme Technologique CYROI-2, rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France.
| | - Pascale Guiraud
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Université de La Réunion-Plateforme Technologique CYROI-2, rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France.
| | - Claude Giry
- Laboratoire de biologie, CNR associé des arbovirus, CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France.
| | - Marie Christine Jaffar-Bandjee
- Laboratoire de biologie, CNR associé des arbovirus, CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France.
| | - Stéphane Ralandison
- Service de Rhumatologie-Médecine Interne, CHU Morafeno, Route d'Ivoloina 501, Toamasina, Madagascar.
| | - Philippe Gasque
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM U1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Université de La Réunion-Plateforme Technologique CYROI-2, rue Maxime Rivière, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France.
- Pôle de Biologie, secteur Laboratoire d'Immunologie Clinique et Expérimentale de la zone de l'Océan Indien (LICE-OI), CHU La Réunion site Félix Guyon, Allée des Topazes, CS11021, 97400 Saint Denis de La Réunion, France.
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Tseng CC, Wu LY, Tsai WC, Ou TT, Wu CC, Sung WY, Kuo PL, Yen JH. Differential Expression Profiles of the Transcriptome and miRNA Interactome in Synovial Fibroblasts of Rheumatoid Arthritis Revealed by Next Generation Sequencing. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:diagnostics9030098. [PMID: 31426562 PMCID: PMC6787660 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9030098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Using next-generation sequencing to decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying aberrant rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASF) activation, we performed transcriptome-wide RNA-seq and small RNA-seq on synovial fibroblasts from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) subject and normal donor. Differential expression of mRNA and miRNA was integrated with interaction analysis, functional annotation, regulatory network mapping and experimentally verified miRNA–target interaction data, further validated with microarray expression profiles. In this study, 3049 upregulated mRNA and 3552 downregulated mRNA, together with 50 upregulated miRNA and 35 downregulated miRNA in RASF were identified. Interaction analysis highlighted contribution of miRNA to altered transcriptome. Functional annotation revealed metabolic deregulation and oncogenic signatures of RASF. Regulatory network mapping identified downregulated FOXO1 as master transcription factor resulting in altered transcriptome of RASF. Differential expression in three miRNA and corresponding targets (hsa-miR-31-5p:WASF3, hsa-miR-132-3p:RB1, hsa-miR-29c-3p:COL1A1) were also validated. The interactions of these three miRNA–target genes were experimentally validated with past literature. Our transcriptomic and miRNA interactomic investigation identified gene signatures associated with RASF and revealed the involvement of transcription factors and miRNA in an altered transcriptome. These findings help facilitate our understanding of RA with the hope of serving as a springboard for further discoveries relating to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chan Tsai
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Tsan-Teng Ou
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chin Wu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Sung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Jeng-Hsien Yen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
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Xu Y, Huang Y, Cai D, Liu J, Cao X. Analysis of differences in the molecular mechanism of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis based on integration of gene expression profiles. Immunol Lett 2015; 168:246-53. [PMID: 26404854 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) and analyze the mechanism differences between them. METHODS The gene expression profile of GSE1919, GSE12021, GSE21959 and GSE48780 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. Total 165 samples of synovial fibroblasts (118 RA samples, 15 OA samples and 32 normal controls) were used. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in RA samples but no differences in OA samples (RA.DEGs) and genes in OA samples but no differences in RA samples (OA.DEGs) were screened using limma package. Functional enrichment analysis was performed using DAVID. Moreover, transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) and microRNA regulatory network were constructed. RESULTS Total 211 RA.DEGs (96 up- and 115 down-regulate) and 497 OA.DEGs (224 up- and 273 down-regulated) were identified. TRN analysis showed that C-ETS-1 and P53 were important transcription factors. C-ETS-1 could interact with matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP1) and CD53 while P53 could interact with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1). Besides, v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (MYC) and interleukin 1, beta (IL1B) could be regulated by the most microRNAs in microRNA regulatory network. Our study indicates that ETS-1 may contribute to RA progression by up-regulation of MMP1 and result in OA progression via up-regulating CD53. CONCLUSIONS P53 may be involved in the progression of RA and OA via targeting downstream EGFR and DUSP1 respectively. Besides, MYC and IL1B may play an important role in OA progression via the regulation of microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- YiSheng Xu
- Orthopedics Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China.
| | - YongMing Huang
- Orthopedics Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 55 Neihuanxi Road, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - DaKe Cai
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - JinWen Liu
- Orthopedics Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - XueWei Cao
- Orthopedics Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 111 Dade Road, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
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11
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Spurlock CF, Gass HM, Bryant CJ, Wells BC, Olsen NJ, Aune TM. Methotrexate-mediated inhibition of nuclear factor κB activation by distinct pathways in T cells and fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2015; 54:178-87. [PMID: 25118313 PMCID: PMC4269792 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is a critical activator of inflammatory processes and MTX is one of the most commonly prescribed DMARDs for treatment of RA. We sought to determine whether MTX inhibited NF-κB activity in RA and in lymphocytes and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) and to define underlying mechanisms of action. METHODS An NF-κB luciferase reporter plasmid was used to measure NF-κB activation across experimental stimuli. Flow cytometry was used to quantify changes in intracellular protein levels, measure levels of reactive oxygen species and determine apoptosis. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to identify changes in MTX target genes. RESULTS In T cell lines, MTX (0.1 μM) inhibited activation of NF-κB via depletion of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) and increased Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent p53 activity. Inhibitors of BH4 activity or synthesis also inhibited NF-κB activation and, similar to MTX, increased JNK, p53, p21 and JUN activity. Patients with RA expressed increased levels of phosphorylated or active RelA (p65) compared with controls. Levels of phosphorylated RelA were reduced in patients receiving low-dose MTX therapy. In contrast, inhibition of NF-κB activation by MTX was not mediated via BH4 depletion and JNK activation in FLSs, but rather was completely prevented by adenosine receptor antagonists. CONCLUSION Our findings support a model whereby distinct pathways are activated by MTX in T cells and FLSs to inhibit NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles F Spurlock
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Center for Science Outreach, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Henry M Gass
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Center for Science Outreach, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Carson J Bryant
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Center for Science Outreach, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin C Wells
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Center for Science Outreach, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nancy J Olsen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Center for Science Outreach, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Thomas M Aune
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Center for Science Outreach, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA. Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Center for Science Outreach, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN and Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
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12
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Wang J, Guan Z, Ge Z. Plasma and synovial fluid programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) levels are inversely associated with TNF-α and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Biomarkers 2013; 18:155-9. [PMID: 23327497 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2012.759277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5), a novel apoptotic regulatory gene, has been reported to be associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA), which can regulate the apoptosis of synoviocytes and chondrocytes cultured in vitro. OBJECTIVE To study expression characteristic of PDCD5 in plasma and synovial fluid of RA patients, and analyze its correlation with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and disease activity in RA. METHODS A total of 135 subjects were recruited into this study (44 RA patients, 46 OA patients and 45 healthy controls). PDCD5 and TNF-α concentrations in plasma and synovial fluid were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Plasma and synovial fluid PDCD5 concentrations were significantly elevated in RA patients. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that plasma and synovial fluid PDCD5 levels were inversely correlated with TNF-α. Moreover, plasma PDCD5 levels were also inversely correlated with C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. CONCLUSION Plasma and synovial fluid PDCD5 could be useful for monitoring the activity and progression of RA, and its abnormal expression and dysfunction may be correlated to TNF-α in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Wang
- Arthritis Clinic and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, P R China
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13
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Spurlock CF, Tossberg JT, Fuchs HA, Olsen NJ, Aune TM. Methotrexate increases expression of cell cycle checkpoint genes via JNK activation. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2012; 64:1780-9. [PMID: 22183962 PMCID: PMC3310965 DOI: 10.1002/art.34342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess defects in expression of critical cell cycle checkpoint genes and proteins in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) relative to presence or absence of methotrexate (MTX) treatment, and to investigate the role of JNK in induction of these genes by MTX. METHODS Flow cytometric analysis was used to quantify changes in levels of intracellular proteins, measure reactive oxygen species (ROS), and determine apoptosis in different lymphoid populations. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to identify changes in cell cycle checkpoint target genes. RESULTS RA patients expressed reduced baseline levels of MAPK9, TP53, CDKN1A, CDKN1B, CHEK2, and RANGAP1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and JNK total protein. The reduction in expression of mRNA for MAPK9, TP53, CDKN1A, and CDKN1B was greater in patients not receiving MTX than in those receiving low-dose MTX, with no difference in expression levels of CHEK2 and RANGAP1 mRNA between MTX-treated and non-MTX-treated patients. Further, JNK levels were inversely correlated with C-reactive protein levels in RA patients. In tissue culture, MTX induced expression of both p53 and p21 by JNK-2- and JNK-1-dependent mechanisms, respectively, while CHEK2 and RANGAP1 were not induced by MTX. MTX also induced ROS production, JNK activation, and sensitivity to apoptosis in activated T cells. Supplementation with tetrahydrobiopterin blocked these MTX-mediated effects. CONCLUSION Our findings support the notion that MTX restores some, but not all, of the proteins contributing to cell cycle checkpoint deficiencies in RA T cells, via a JNK-dependent pathway.
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Erlandsson MC, Forslind K, Andersson SEM, Lund A, Bokarewa MI. Metastasin S100A4 is increased in proportion to radiographic damage in patients with RA. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012; 51:932-40. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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MDM4 overexpression contributes to synoviocyte proliferation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 401:417-21. [PMID: 20863813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with features of inflammatory cell infiltration, synovial cell invasive proliferation, and ultimately, irreversible joint destruction. It has been reported that the p53 pathway is involved in RA pathogenesis. MDM4/MDMX is a major negative regulator of p53. To determine whether MDM4 contributes to RA pathogenesis, MDM4 mRNA and protein expression were assessed in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) by real-time PCR, western blotting, and in synovial tissues by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, MDM4 was knocked down and overexpressed by lentivirus-mediated expression, and the proliferative capacity of FLS was determined by MTS assay. We found that cultured FLS from RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients exhibited higher levels of MDM4 mRNA and protein expression than those from trauma controls. MDM4 protein was highly expressed in the synovial lining and sublining cells from both types of arthritis. Finally, MDM4 knockdown inhibited the proliferation of RA FLS by enhancing functional p53 levels while MDM4 overexpression promoted the growth of RA FLS by inhibiting p53 effects. Taken together, our results suggest that the abundant expression of MDM4 in FLS may contribute to the hyperplasia phenotype of RA synovial tissues.
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Ng CT, Biniecka M, Kennedy A, McCormick J, Fitzgerald O, Bresnihan B, Buggy D, Taylor CT, O'Sullivan J, Fearon U, Veale DJ. Synovial tissue hypoxia and inflammation in vivo. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69:1389-95. [PMID: 20439288 PMCID: PMC2946116 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2009.119776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypoxia is a microenvironmental feature in the inflamed joint, which promotes survival advantage for cells. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of partial oxygen pressure in the synovial tissue (tPO(2)) in patients with inflammatory arthritis with macroscopic/microscopic inflammation and local levels of proinflammatory mediators. METHODS Patients with inflammatory arthritis underwent full clinical assessment and video arthroscopy to quantify macroscopic synovitis and measure synovial tPO(2) under direct visualisation. Cell specific markers (CD3 (T cells), CD68 (macrophages), Ki67 (cell proliferation) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (cell apoptosis)) were quantified by immunohistology. In vitro migration was assessed in primary and normal synoviocytes (synovial fibroblast cells (SFCs)) using a wound repair scratch assay. Levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interleukin 1beta (IL1beta), interferon gamma (IFNgamma), IL6, macrophage inflammatory protein 3alpha (MIP3alpha) and IL8 were quantified, in matched serum and synovial fluid, by multiplex cytokine assay and ELISA. RESULTS The tPO(2) was 22.5 (range 3.2-54.1) mm Hg and correlated inversely with macroscopic synovitis (r=-0.421, p=0.02), sublining CD3 cells (-0.611, p<0.01) and sublining CD68 cells (r=-0.615, p<0.001). No relationship with cell proliferation or apoptosis was found. Primary and normal SFCs exposed to 1% and 3% oxygen (reflecting the median tPO(2) in vivo) induced cell migration. This was coupled with significantly higher levels of synovial fluid tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), IL1beta, IFNgamma and MIP3alpha in patients with tPO(2) <20 mm Hg (all p values <0.05). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show a direct in vivo correlation between synovial tPO(2), inflammation and cell migration, thus it is proposed that hypoxia is a possible primary driver of inflammatory processes in the arthritic joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Ng
- Dublin Academic Medical Centre, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
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17
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Seemayer CA, Seemayer NH, Dürmüller U, Gudat F, Schaub S, Hirsch HH, Mihatsch MJ. BK virus large T and VP-1 expression in infected human renal allografts. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 23:3752-61. [PMID: 18784088 PMCID: PMC2639064 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfn470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the expression of early and late phase BK virus (BKV) proteins and their interactions with host cell proteins in renal allografts, with ongoing polyomavirus associated nephropathy (PVAN), and correlated this with the nuclear and cell morphology. METHODS Frozen sections from three patients with renal allografts (two biopsies, one explant) with PVAN were analysed by indirect immunofluorescence using BKV specific anti-polyoma large T-antigen and anti-VP-1 antibodies, as well as anti-p53, anti-Ki67, anti-caspase-3, anti-bcl2 and anti-cytokeratin 22 antibodies. Nuclear morphology and size were estimated by DNA Hoechst staining. RESULTS In infected tubular cells the early and late phases of infection could be distinguished according to expression of large T-antigen or VP-1. The early phase revealed almost normal nuclear proportions, whereas in later phases nuclear size increased about 2 to 3 fold. Expression of large T-antigen was strongly associated with accumulation of p53 in the nucleus, accompanied by the activation of the cell cycle associated cell protein Ki67. In contrast, expression of BKV VP1 correlated only weakly with p53. Virus dependent cell lysis was due to necrosis, since neither caspase 3 nor nuclear nor cytoskeleton changes indicated apoptosis. CONCLUSION In our selected patients with PVAN a clear distinction between early and late phases was possible, according to the protein expression patterns of BKV markers. Striking nuclear enlargement is only present in the late phase of infection. In the inflammatory setting of PVAN, BKV dependent effects appear to be mediated by the inhibition of p53, resulting in the activation of the cell cycle. We assume that in PVAN similar BKV mechanisms are operative as in certain in vitro systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A. Seemayer
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Norbert H. Seemayer
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Ursula Dürmüller
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fred Gudat
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schaub
- Clinic for Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology, University Hospital Baseland
| | - Hans H. Hirsch
- Transplantation Virology, Medical Microbiology, University of Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael J. Mihatsch
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 40, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
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Ospelt C, Gay S. The role of resident synovial cells in destructive arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2008; 22:239-52. [PMID: 18455682 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2008.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Infiltration by inflammatory cells, thickening of the lining layer, and destructive invasion into cartilage and bone are pathognomic features of the synovium in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the most common cell types at the sites of invasion are resident cells of the joint, in particular synovial fibroblasts. These cells differ from healthy synovial fibroblasts in their morphology, their expression of proto-oncogenes and antiapoptotic molecules, and in their lack of certain tumor suppressor genes. Through their production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines mediated by signaling via Toll-like receptors, they are not only effector cells but also active parts of the innate immune system attracting inflammatory immune cells to the synovium. Most importantly, by producing matrix-degrading molecules they contribute strongly to the destructive mechanisms operative in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ospelt
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich and Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology, Gloriastrasse 23, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
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Knedla A, Neumann E, Müller-Ladner U. Developments in the synovial biology field 2006. Arthritis Res Ther 2007; 9:209. [PMID: 17442097 PMCID: PMC1906804 DOI: 10.1186/ar2140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovial pathophysiology is a complex and synergistic interplay of different cell populations with tissue components, mediated by a variety of signaling mechanisms. All of these mechanisms drive the affected joint into inflammation and drive the subsequent destruction of cartilage and bone. Each cell type contributes significantly to the initiation and perpetuation of this deleterious concert, especially in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts and macrophages, both cell types with pivotal roles in inflammation and destruction, but also T cells and B cells are crucial for complex network in the inflamed synovium. An even more complex cellular crosstalk between these key players maintains a process of chronic inflammation. As outlined in the present review, in the past year substantial progress has been made to elucidate further details of the rich pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis, which may also facilitate the identification of novel targets for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Knedla
- Department for Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Kerckhoff-Clinic, Bad Nauheim, Benekestr. 2-8, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Elena Neumann
- Department for Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Kerckhoff-Clinic, Bad Nauheim, Benekestr. 2-8, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ulf Müller-Ladner
- Department for Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Kerckhoff-Clinic, Bad Nauheim, Benekestr. 2-8, D-61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
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Wang N, Lu HS, Guan ZP, Sun TZ, Chen YY, Ruan GR, Chen ZK, Jiang J, Bai CJ. Involvement of PDCD5 in the regulation of apoptosis in fibroblast-like synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis. Apoptosis 2007; 12:1433-41. [PMID: 17468978 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-007-0070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is reduced in the synovial tissue of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), possibly due to decreased expression of pro-apoptotic genes. Programmed Cell Death 5 (PDCD5) has been recently identified as a protein that mediates apoptosis. Although PDCD5 is down-regulated in many human tumors, the role of PDCD5 in RA has not been investigated. Here we report that reduced levels of PDCD5 mRNA and protein are detected in RA synovial tissue (ST) and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) than in tissue and cells from patients with osteoarthritis (OA). We also report differences in the PDCD5 expression pattern in tissues from patients with these two types of arthritis. PDCD5 showed a scattered pattern in rheumatoid synovium compared with OA, in which the protein labeling was stronger in the synovial lining layer than in the sublining. We also observed increased expression and nuclear translocation of PDCD5 in RA patient-derived FLS undergoing apoptosis. Finally, overexpression of PDCD5 led to enhanced apoptosis and activation of caspase-3 in triptolide-treated FLS. We propose that PDCD5 may be involved in the pathogenesis of RA. These data also suggest that PDCD5 may serve as a therapeutic target to enhance sensitivity to antirheumatic drug-induced apoptosis in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Arthritis Institute, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, PR China
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21
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Kido A, Kobata Y, Kumai T, Honoki K, Takakura Y. Solitary tumor-like lesion at the metatarsophalangeal joint in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis: a case report. Foot Ankle Int 2007; 28:735-8. [PMID: 17592706 DOI: 10.3113/fai.2007.0735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kido
- Nara Medical University, Orthopedic Surgery, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan.
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22
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Klingelhöfer J, Senolt L, Baslund B, Nielsen GH, Skibshøj I, Pavelka K, Neidhart M, Gay S, Ambartsumian N, Hansen BS, Petersen J, Lukanidin E, Grigorian M. Up-regulation of metastasis-promoting S100A4 (Mts-1) in rheumatoid arthritis: Putative involvement in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 56:779-89. [PMID: 17328050 DOI: 10.1002/art.22398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the involvement of the metastasis-inducing protein S100A4 (Mts-1) in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Synovial tissue, synovial fluid, and plasma were obtained from RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients who were undergoing joint surgery. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analyses and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to determine the locations and concentrations of S100A4. The conformational structure of S100A4 in plasma and synovial fluid was determined after fractionation by size-exclusion chromatography, protein separation by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and Western blot analysis. Expression of various S100 proteins in RA synovium was determined by immunofluorescence and double-staining using specific anti-S100 antibodies. RESULTS We found an up-regulation of S100A4 in cells infiltrating RA synovial tissue. Most cell types identified by cell-specific markers (fibroblasts, immune cells, and vascular cells) contributed to the production of S100A4 in RA synovial tissue. The pattern of S100A4 expression differed significantly from that of the proinflammatory proteins S100A9 and S100A12, which were restricted to phagocytes and granulocytes. The up-regulation of S100A4 in RA synovial tissue was consistent with the high concentrations of the protein in RA versus OA plasma (mean 1,100 versus 211 ng/ml) and synovial fluid (mean 1,980 versus 247 ng/ml). Moreover, we found that S100A4 in RA plasma and synovial fluid was present in bioactive multimeric (M-S100A4) conformations, whereas in OA, the majority of extracellular S100A4 was detected as the less active dimeric form. Consistent with our observations in tumor models, extracellular S100A4 stabilized the p53 tumor suppressor in RA synovial fibroblast-like cells and affected the regulation of p53 target genes, including Bcl-2, p21(WAF), and Hdm-2, as well as matrix metalloproteinases. CONCLUSION Overexpression of S100A4 in RA synovial tissue and its release as M-S100A4 can influence p53 function and modulate the expression of several genes that are potentially implicated in the disease process. Thus, S100A4 might play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA and might represent a new target for the treatment of RA.
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Karouzakis E, Neidhart M, Gay RE, Gay S. Molecular and cellular basis of rheumatoid joint destruction. Immunol Lett 2006; 106:8-13. [PMID: 16824621 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2006.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2006] [Revised: 04/26/2006] [Accepted: 04/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with joint destruction. Synovial fibroblasts are key players in this pathological process. They favorise a pro-inflammatory environment in the synovial tissue, interact with the immune system and regulate the differentiation of monocytes into osteoclasts. Synovial hyperplasia is another characteristic of RA, reflecting not only an imbalance between proliferation and apoptosis, but also the migration of cells into the synovial tissue. Gene transfer experiments have been used as important tools for the understanding of molecular and cellular changes that characterize the activated RA synovial fibroblasts. Activated synovial fibroblasts can invade cartilage and bone. Synovial activation is driven by cytokines, such as TNFalpha and IL-1, as well as IL-15, 16, 17, 18, 22, 23, but also by cytokine-independent mechanisms that involve the innate immune system (i.e. TLRs), a unique communication network of microparticles and epigenetic changes (e.g. L1 retroelements).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Karouzakis
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
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24
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Huber LC, Distler O, Tarner I, Gay RE, Gay S, Pap T. Synovial fibroblasts: key players in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006; 45:669-75. [PMID: 16567358 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kel065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune-disease of unknown origin that primarily affects the joints and ultimately leads to their destruction. The involvement of immune cells is a general hallmark of autoimmune-related disorders. In this regard, macrophages, T cells and their respective cytokines play a pivotal role in RA. However, the notion that RA is a primarily T-cell-dependent disease has been strongly challenged during recent years. Rather, it has been understood that resident, fibroblast-like cells contribute significantly to the perpetuation of disease, and that they may even play a role in its initiation. These rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) constitute a quite unique cell type that distinguishes RA from other inflammatory conditions of the joints. A number of studies have demonstrated that RASFs show alterations in morphology and behaviour, including molecular changes in signalling cascades, apoptosis responses and in the expression of adhesion molecules as well as matrix-degrading enzymes. These changes appear to reflect a stable activation of RASFs, which occurs independently of continuous exogenous stimulation. As a consequence, RASFs are no longer considered passive bystanders but active players in the complex intercellular network of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Huber
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 23CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland.
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25
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Bokarewa M, Tarkowski A. Manipulation of apoptosis as a treatment modality in rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.2217/17460816.1.1.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yang X, Wang J, Liu C, Grizzle WE, Yu S, Zhang S, Barnes S, Koopman WJ, Mountz JD, Kimberly RP, Zhang HG. Cleavage of p53-vimentin complex enhances tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-mediated apoptosis of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2005; 167:705-19. [PMID: 16127151 PMCID: PMC1698724 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)62045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) contribute to arthritic cartilage degradation. Although RASFs are normally resistant to apoptosis, Apo2L/tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-based gene therapy has been successfully used in a mouse model of arthritis. We investigated this further by treating human RASFs with nontoxic doses of the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin. Treatment induced cytosolic accumulation of p53 and enhanced the susceptibility of RASFs to apoptosis mediated by TRAIL-R2 (DR5) but not Fas. A specific role for p53 in TRAIL-R2-mediated apoptosis was indicated by the ability of p53 siRNA to significantly reduce RASF apoptosis and by the reduced apoptosis of RASFs bearing p53 mutations on treatment with anti-DR5 antibody or anti-DR5 antibody plus lactacystin. p53 immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry identified a vimentin-p53 complex, an interaction that was confirmed by reciprocal vimentin-p53 immunoprecipitation and by co-immunofluorescence. Interestingly, human caspase-4 cleaved human vimentin, and blockade of caspase-4 with a chemical inhibitor or with specific siRNA significantly inhibited TRAIL-R2-mediated apoptosis of RASFs. Furthermore, blockade of caspase-4 was paralleled by persistence of a cytosolic pattern of p53 and absence of p53 translocation to the nucleus. Taken together, our findings suggest a unique role for caspase-4 in cleaving vimentin and releasing cytosolic p53 for nuclear translocation, events that may regulate the sensitivity of RASFs to receptor-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and the Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294-0007, USA
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Seemayer CA, Neidhart M, Jüngel A, Gay RE, Gay S. Synovial fibroblasts in joint destruction of rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmec.2005.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Salvador G, Sanmarti R, Garcia-Peiró A, Rodríguez-Cros JR, Muñoz-Gómez J, Cañete JD. p53 expression in rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis synovial tissue and association with joint damage. Ann Rheum Dis 2005; 64:183-7. [PMID: 15647425 PMCID: PMC1755356 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2004.024430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overexpression and functional mutations of p53 have been found in the synovial tissue (ST) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but their clinical significance remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To analyse p53 expression in the ST of patients with RA and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and its association with joint damage. METHODS Synovial biopsy specimens were obtained by arthroscopy in 45 patients (27 RA, 18 PsA). Radiographs of hands, feet, and the joint undergoing arthroscopy were obtained to evaluate the presence of erosive disease. Synovial cell populations were analysed using CD4, CD8, CD138, CD20, and CD68 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The p53 protein was determined by immunohistology using DO7 mAb in 34 patients (18 RA, 16 PsA). In 11 patients with early RA, the association between p53 and 1 year progression of radiographic damage was analysed using the Larsen-Scott method. RESULTS The p53 protein was detected in 16/18 (89%) patients with RA and in 9/16 (56%) patients with PsA, but its expression in RA was significantly higher than in PsA. In RA, p53 expression was significantly associated with erosive disease, and its scores were higher in patients with radiological progression. CD68 expression was also associated with erosions and radiological progression in RA. No association was found between either p53 or CD68 and erosive disease in PsA. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that p53 ST overexpression and association with joint damage is characteristic of RA rather than PsA, and that p53 ST expression might be a prognostic marker of joint damage in RA.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Arthritis, Psoriatic/diagnostic imaging
- Arthritis, Psoriatic/immunology
- Arthritis, Psoriatic/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/diagnostic imaging
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Arthroscopy
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Genes, p53
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Radiography
- Synovial Membrane/immunology
- Synovial Membrane/metabolism
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- G Salvador
- Unitat d'Artritis, Servei de Reumatologia, Hospital Clínic and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Bokarewa M, Lindblad S, Bokarew D, Tarkowski A. Balance between survivin, a key member of the apoptosis inhibitor family, and its specific antibodies determines erosivity in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2005; 7:R349-58. [PMID: 15743483 PMCID: PMC1065333 DOI: 10.1186/ar1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2004] [Revised: 12/13/2004] [Accepted: 12/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a highly heterogeneous disease with respect to its joint destructivity. The reasons underlying this heterogeneity are unknown. Deficient apoptosis in rheumatoid synovial tissue has been recently demonstrated. We have therefore decided to study the synovial expression of survivin, a key member of the apoptosis inhibitor family. The levels of survivin and antibodies against survivin were assessed by an ELISA in matched blood and synovial fluid samples collected from 131 RA patients. Results were related to joint erosivity at the time of sampling. Monocytes were transfected with survivin anti-sense oligonucleotides and were assessed for their ability to produce inflammatory cytokines. Survivin levels were significantly higher in patients with destructive disease as compared with in RA patients displaying a non-erosive disease. High survivin levels were an independent prognostic parameter for erosive RA. In contrast, high levels of antibodies against survivin were found in patients with non-erosive RA, and were negatively related to erosivity. Survivin levels in RA patients were influenced by treatment, being significantly lower among patients treated with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. Specific suppression of survivin mRNA resulted in downregulation of IL-6 production. We conclude that survivin determines the erosive course of RA, whereas survivin antibodies lead to a less aggressive course of the disease. These findings together with decreased survivin levels upon disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug treatment, and the downregulation of inflammatory response using survivin anti-sense oligonucleotides, suggest that extracellular survivin expression mediates the erosive course of joint disease whereas autoimmune responses to the same molecule, manifested as survivin targeting antibodies, mediate protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bokarewa
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sofia Lindblad
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Dmitriy Bokarew
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Andrej Tarkowski
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
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30
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Rutkauskaite E, Volkmer D, Shigeyama Y, Schedel J, Pap G, Müller-Ladner U, Meinecke I, Alexander D, Gay RE, Drynda S, Neumann W, Michel BA, Aicher WK, Gay S, Pap T. Retroviral gene transfer of an antisense construct against membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase reduces the invasiveness of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 52:2010-4. [PMID: 15986375 DOI: 10.1002/art.21156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is expressed prominently in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs), but the specific contribution of MT1-MMP to fibroblast-mediated destruction of articular cartilage is incompletely understood. This study used gene transfer of an antisense expression construct to assess the effects of MT1-MMP inhibition on the invasiveness of RASFs. METHODS Retroviral gene transfer of a pLXIN vector-based antisense RNA expression construct (MT1-MMPalphaS) to MT1-MMP was used to stably transduce RASFs. Levels of MT1-MMP RNA and protein were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunocytochemistry in MT1-MMPalphaS-transduced RASFs as well as in control cells, with monitoring for 60 days. The effects of MT1-MMPalphaS on the invasiveness of RASFs were analyzed in the SCID mouse co-implantation model of RA. RESULTS MT1-MMPalphaS-transduced RASFs produced high levels of antisense RNA that exceeded endogenous levels of MT1-MMP messenger RNA by 15-fold and resulted in a down-regulation of MT1-MMP at the protein level. Inhibition of MT1-MMP production was maintained for 60 days and significantly reduced the invasiveness of RASFs in the SCID mouse model. Whereas prominent invasion into cartilage by non-transduced and mock-transduced RASFs was observed (mean invasion scores 3.0 and 3.1, respectively), MT1-MMPalphaS-transduced cells showed only moderate invasiveness (mean invasion score 1.8; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The data demonstrate that an antisense RNA expression construct against MT1-MMP can be generated and expressed in RASFs for at least 60 days. Inhibition of MT1-MMP significantly reduces the cartilage degradation by RASFs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/enzymology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/therapy
- Cartilage, Articular/enzymology
- Cartilage, Articular/pathology
- Cell Movement
- Cells, Cultured
- Fibroblasts/enzymology
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Humans
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 14
- Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated
- Metalloendopeptidases/genetics
- Metalloendopeptidases/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- RNA, Antisense/genetics
- RNA, Antisense/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Retroviridae/genetics
- Synovial Membrane/enzymology
- Synovial Membrane/pathology
- Transfection
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31
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Yamanishi Y, Boyle DL, Green DR, Keystone EC, Connor A, Zollman S, Firestein GS. p53 tumor suppressor gene mutations in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from erosion synovium and non-erosion synovium in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2004; 7:R12-8. [PMID: 15642132 PMCID: PMC1064878 DOI: 10.1186/ar1448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2004] [Revised: 08/09/2004] [Accepted: 09/08/2004] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in the p53 tumor suppressor gene have been detected in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and could contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic disease. To determine whether synoviocytes from invasive synovium in RA have an increased number of mutations compared with non-erosion synoviocytes, p53 cDNA subclones from fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) derived from erosion and non-erosion sites of the same synovium were examined in patients requiring total joint replacement. Ten erosion FLS lines and nine non-erosion FLS lines were established from nine patients with RA. Exons 5–10 from 209 p53 subclones were sequenced (114 from erosion FLS, 95 from non-erosion FLS). Sixty percent of RA FLS cell lines and 8.6% of the p53 subclones isolated from FLS contained p53 mutations. No significant differences were observed between the erosion and non-erosion FLS with regard to the frequency or type of p53 mutation. The majority of the mutations were missense transition mutations, which are characteristic of oxidative damage. In addition, paired intact RA synovium and cultured FLS from the same joints were evaluated for p53 mutations. Matched synovium and cultured synoviocytes contained p53 mutations, although there was no overlap in the specific mutations identified in the paired samples. Clusters of p53 mutations in subclones were detected in some FLS, including one in codon 249, which is a well-recognized 'hot spot' associated with cancer. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that p53 mutations are randomly induced by genotoxic exposure in small numbers of RA synoviocytes localized to erosion and non-erosion regions of RA synovium. The determining factor for invasiveness might be proximity to bone or cartilage rather than the presence of a p53 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Yamanishi
- Department of Rheumatology, Hiroshima City Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - David L Boyle
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Douglas R Green
- La Jolla Institute of Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Alison Connor
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Susan Zollman
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Gary S Firestein
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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