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Jamshidian-Tehrani M, Cheraqpour K, Amini M, Amoli FA, Kasaee A. Orbital myiasis on recurrent undifferentiated carcinoma in the COVID-19 era: a case report and brief review of the literature. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 2021; 11:44. [PMID: 34800187 PMCID: PMC8605467 DOI: 10.1186/s12348-021-00271-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myiasis is defined as the infestation of living tissues by Diptera larvae. Ophthalmic involvement occurs in less than 5% of cases. As the most uncommon type of involvement, orbital myiasis usually affects patients with poor personal hygiene, a low socioeconomic status, a history of surgery, and cancer. Findings In January 2020, an 89-year-old man presented to the Oculoplastic Department of Farabi Eye Hospital (Iran) with a history of left-side progressive orbital mass for six months. A large infiltrative mass of the left orbit with extension to the globe, periorbita, and adnexa was remarkable at the presentation, and its appearance suggested malignancy. Our findings persuaded us to perform exenteration and histopathological evaluation which were reported as “undifferentiated carcinoma”. Regular follow-up visits were recommended. In June 2020, with a 3-month delay, the patient presented with the recurrence of the mass complicated with mobile alive larva. Examinations revealed numerous maggots crawling out of an ulcerative and foul-smelling lesion. He stated that fear of COVID-19 infection postponed his follow-up visit. The patient underwent immediate mechanical removal of larvae, followed by wide local excision of the mass. Conclusion Patients with carcinoma of the adnexal tissues seem to be more prone to myiasis infestation even though it is an uncommon disease. Since COVID-19 is an ongoing pandemic with no end in sight appropriate protocols should be implemented to prevent loss of follow-up in these high risk patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12348-021-00271-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansooreh Jamshidian-Tehrani
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Square, Tehran, 1336616351, Iran
| | - Kasra Cheraqpour
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Square, Tehran, 1336616351, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amini
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Square, Tehran, 1336616351, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Asadi Amoli
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Square, Tehran, 1336616351, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Kasaee
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin Square, Tehran, 1336616351, Iran.
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Zhou X, Kambalame DM, Zhou S, Guo X, Xia D, Yang Y, Wu R, Luo J, Jia F, Yuen M, Xu Y, Dai G, Li L, Xie T, Puthiyakunnon S, Wei W, Xie L, Liang S, Feng Y, Huang S, Hu Y, Mo Q, Mai R, Zhang X, Spradbery P, Zhou X. Human Chrysomya bezziana myiasis: A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007391. [PMID: 31618203 PMCID: PMC6821133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myiasis due to Old World screw-worm fly, Chrysomya bezziana, is an important obligate zoonotic disease in the OIE-list of diseases and is found throughout much of Africa, the Indian subcontinent, southeast and east Asia. C. bezziana myiasis causes not only morbidity and death to animals and humans, but also economic losses in the livestock industries. Because of the aggressive and destructive nature of this disease in hosts, we initiated this study to provide a comprehensive understanding of human myiasis caused by C. bezziana. Methods We searched the databases in English (PubMed, Embase and African Index Medicus) and Chinese (CNKI, Wanfang, and Duxiu), and international government online reports to 6th February, 2019, to identify studies concerning C. bezziana. Another ten human cases in China and Papua New Guinea that our team had recorded were also included. Results We retrieved 1,048 reports from which 202 studies were ultimately eligible for inclusion in the present descriptive analyses. Since the first human case due to C. bezziana was reported in 1909, we have summarized 291 cases and found that these cases often occurred in patients with poor hygiene, low socio-economic conditions, old age, and underlying diseases including infections, age-related diseases, and noninfectious chronic diseases. But C. bezziana myiasis appears largely neglected as a serious medical or veterinary condition, with human and animal cases only reported in 16 and 24 countries respectively, despite this fly species being recorded in 44 countries worldwide. Conclusion Our findings indicate that cryptic myiasis cases due to the obligate parasite, C. bezziana, are under-recognized. Through this study on C. bezziana etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology, prevention and control, we call for more vigilance and awareness of the disease from governments, health authorities, clinicians, veterinary workers, nursing homes, and also the general public. Chrysomya bezziana larvae are characterized by feeding aggressively on the living tissues and body fluids of the host. The dreadful feelings of patients suffering from myiases with severe tissue and bone destruction, even death, and the enormous economic losses in the livestock industries have been described previously. But our findings indicate that C. bezziana myiases still appear to be under-recognized as a serious medical or veterinary condition throughout the world. Both in China and the world at large, it is probable that C. bezziana distribution could well be greater than currently reported. Our study provides an opportunity for clinicians and health authorities to gain a comprehensive understanding of this disease from its etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology, prevention and control. In addition, our findings will engage governments, health staff, veterinary workers, aged-care facilities, and also the general public, in efforts to recognize, prevent, and control such infestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyi Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Dzinkambani Moffat Kambalame
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Sitong Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang Guo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Xia
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yemei Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Rangke Wu
- The School of Foreign Studies, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Luo
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Fenglong Jia
- Institute of Entomology, Life Sciences School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingchi Yuen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuehua Xu
- Education Technique Center, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Geyang Dai
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Santhosh Puthiyakunnon
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenxia Wei
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Lixian Xie
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Siting Liang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqin Feng
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Songgen Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongxuan Hu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianzhen Mo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongjia Mai
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Philip Spradbery
- XCS Consulting, Yarralumla, Canberra, Australia
- * E-mail: (PS); (XZ)
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases of Guangdong Higher Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (PS); (XZ)
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