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Wormser GP, Schneider LM. False-Positivity of an HIV Antigen/Antibody Assay for HIV p24 Antigen in Active SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Am J Med 2024; 137:8-9. [PMID: 37838237 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2023.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary P Wormser
- Division of Infectious Diseases, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY.
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He JZ, Rezwan M, Arif A, Baroud S, Elhaj M, Khan A. Acute Babesiosis Causing a False-Positive HIV Result: An Unexpected Association. Case Rep Infect Dis 2023; 2023:6271710. [PMID: 37528903 PMCID: PMC10390267 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6271710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Babesiosis is a tick-borne condition that causes hemolytic anemia and manifests with flu-like symptoms such as fevers, chills, fatigue, and anorexia. Very few case reports have documented babesiosis infection associated with a false-positive HIV test. In this case report, we add to the current literature by describing a patient admitted for treatment of babesiosis who had a preliminary positive HIV test on admission and a negative repeat HIV test after one week of treatment for babesiosis. A 60-year-old male with a past medical history of high cholesterol presented to the Emergency Department after having abnormal laboratory tests with his primary care doctor. He reported fever, fatigue, anorexia, and worsening jaundice for three weeks. He was hypotensive and febrile on admission. A blood smear showed Babesia species with 1-2% infected red blood cells. He was admitted to the intensive care unit and received treatment with plasmapheresis, atovaquone, and antibiotics. The fourth-generation HIV 1/2 antigen/antibody test was initially positive but after treatment, HIV testing was negative. A misdiagnosis of HIV can greatly impact a patient's quality of life as antiretroviral therapy has multiple deleterious side effects. Clinicians must consider further evaluation of patients with acute babesiosis who also test positive for HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody Z. He
- Flushing Hospital Medical Center, 4500 Parsons Blvd Queens, New York, NY 11355, USA
| | - Montasin Rezwan
- Flushing Hospital Medical Center, 4500 Parsons Blvd Queens, New York, NY 11355, USA
| | - Aneela Arif
- Flushing Hospital Medical Center, 4500 Parsons Blvd Queens, New York, NY 11355, USA
| | - Saada Baroud
- Flushing Hospital Medical Center, 4500 Parsons Blvd Queens, New York, NY 11355, USA
| | - Mohamed Elhaj
- Flushing Hospital Medical Center, 4500 Parsons Blvd Queens, New York, NY 11355, USA
| | - Aizaaz Khan
- Flushing Hospital Medical Center, 4500 Parsons Blvd Queens, New York, NY 11355, USA
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Tokmalaev AK, Chentsov VB, Malov VA, Maleyev VV, Kozhevnikova GM, Polovinkina NA, Golub VP, Konnov VV, Kharlamova TV. [Human babesiosis: clinical cases in the european part of the Russian Federation]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2019; 91:60-65. [PMID: 32598612 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2019.11.000405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The article describes four clinical observations of patients with babesiosis detected in the European part of the Russian Federation, two of whom were under the direct supervision of the authors. The analysis of epidemiological data, clinical picture, results of laboratory studies in the dynamics of the disease. Differential diagnosis and treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V B Chentsov
- Infectious Clinical Hospital №2 Moscow City Health Department
| | - V A Malov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
| | | | | | | | - V P Golub
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN)
| | - V V Konnov
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN)
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Kocemba-Pilarczyk KA, Ostrowska B, Dudzik P, Markiewicz MJ, Sotirios Souza Pegos D, Lim C. Application of case study to introduce medical students to molecular biology techniques used in HIV diagnostics. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 47:355-360. [PMID: 30835930 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.21232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Diagnostic molecular biology is a fast developing discipline of laboratory medicine widely used in numerous medical branches such as oncology, hematology, immunology, internal medicine, or infectious diseases, which will certainly have a major impact on clinical medicine in the near future. Nowadays, educational process is forced to face the quickly growing overflow of easily accessible data and properly guide the students not to be lead astray in the information chaos. Hence, in view of the foregoing, it appears obvious that modern medical education should put particular stress on selective acquiring, interpreting, and applying integrated multidisciplinary knowledge rather than on just absorbing and memorizing huge amount of scattered information. The presented case study aims at familiarizing the students with basic molecular biology techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Importantly, it is not limited only to discussing and learning the principles of the assays mentioned earlier, but it also shows their practical application in a particular diagnostic process and give the guidelines on how to explain and interpret exemplary results. In parallel, the way the case study is constructed allows a tutor to lead students into discussion on clinical aspects related to HIV infection what should eventually create complete picture of a HIV diagnostic process, thereby integrating basic knowledge of molecular biology laboratory techniques, HIV biology, and immunological response. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(3):355-360, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Ostrowska
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Dudzik
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał J Markiewicz
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Chaewon Lim
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Pawełczyk A, Bednarska M, Kowalska JD, Uszyńska-Kałuża B, Radkowski M, Welc-Falęciak R. Seroprevalence of six pathogens transmitted by the Ixodes ricinus ticks in asymptomatic individuals with HIV infection and in blood donors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2117. [PMID: 30765826 PMCID: PMC6376038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38755-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of our study was to estimate the seroprevalence of six pathogens transmitted by ticks in HIV-infected persons and blood donors in Poland (B. burgdorferi s.l., A. phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia spp., Babesia spp., Rickettsia spp. Bartonella henselae) to assess the frequency of exposure to such microorganisms in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals in endemic regions for I. ricinus ticks. Serum samples were collected from 227 HIV-infected patients and 199 blood donors. All samples were analyzed for antibodies against six tick-borne pathogens and seroprevalence rates were statistically compared between two tested group as well as age, sex and lymphocyte T CD4+ level in HIV infected patients. The seroprevalence of tick-borne infections in HIV-infected patients is higher than that of the healthy population in Poland, although no association between serological status of patients and lymphocyte CD4+ T cell level has been observed. The frequency of tick-borne coinfections and doubtful results of serological tests were significantly higher in HIV-positive individuals. In Poland, the possibility of tick-borne diseases transmission with blood is rather negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Pawełczyk
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 3C Pawińskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.,AmerLab Ltd. Diagnostic Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases and Zoonotic Infections, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, 101 Żwirki and Wigury Street, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Bednarska
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 1 Miecznikowa Street, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.,AmerLab Ltd. Diagnostic Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases and Zoonotic Infections, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, 101 Żwirki and Wigury Street, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna D Kowalska
- Department of Adults' Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 37 Wolska Street, 01-201, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Uszyńska-Kałuża
- Blood Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration, 137 Wołoska Street, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Radkowski
- Department of Immunopathology of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 3C Pawińskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Welc-Falęciak
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 1 Miecznikowa Street, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland. .,AmerLab Ltd. Diagnostic Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases and Zoonotic Infections, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, 101 Żwirki and Wigury Street, 02-089, Warsaw, Poland.
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