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Yao Y, Song Q, Zhang J, Wen Y, Dou X. Retina-Brain Homology: The Correlation Between Ophthalmic or Retinal Artery Occlusion and Ischemic Stroke. Eye Brain 2024; 16:25-38. [PMID: 39156910 PMCID: PMC11328846 DOI: 10.2147/eb.s454977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The retina's similar structure and function to the brain make it a unique visual "window" for studying cerebral disorders. Ophthalmic artery occlusion (OAO) or retinal artery occlusion (RAO) is a severe ophthalmic emergency that significantly affects visual acuity. Studies have demonstrated that patients with OAO or RAO face a notably higher risk of future acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, ophthalmologists often overlook multidisciplinary approach involving the neurologist, to evaluate the risk of AIS and devise clinical treatment strategies for patients with OAO or RAO. Unlike the successful use of thrombolysis in AIS, the application of thrombolysis for OAO or RAO remains limited and controversial due to insufficient reliable evidence. In this review, we aim to summarize the anatomical and functional connections between the retina and the brain, and the clinical connection between OAO or RAO and AIS, compare and review recent advances in the effectiveness and safety of intravenous and intra-arterial thrombolysis therapy in patients with OAO or RAO, and discuss future research directions for OAO or RAO. Our goal is to advance the development of multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment strategies for the disease, as well as to establish expedited pathways or thrombolysis guidelines for vascular intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Yao
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiyuan Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingnan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen University Medical College, No.1066 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingying Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Shenzhen University Medical College, No.1066 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Dou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
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Micun Z, Dobrzyńska W, Sieśkiewicz M, Zawadzka I, Dmuchowska DA, Wojewodzka-Zelezniakowicz M, Konopińska J. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Ophthalmology: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2023; 13:29. [PMID: 38202036 PMCID: PMC10779579 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been used for the past 50 years for conditions such as decompression disease and wound healing. It has promising effects in the treatment of vision-threatening diseases, such as retinal artery occlusion, retinal vein occlusion, diabetic macular edema, and acute optic neuropathy; however, HBOT has not been approved for use in these conditions by regulatory authorities. This paper provides an overview of the theoretical effectiveness and most recent indications for HBOT in ophthalmology. The fundamental aspects of the physiology of choroidal circulation and metabolism are provided together with the clinical aspects that should be accounted for when selecting patients for this therapy. The paper also presents case reports of when HBOT was successfully implemented. The goals of this review were to explore the indications and benefits of HBOT and to evaluate the effectiveness of HBOT as an intervention in treating ophthalmology disorders. Lastly, the paper details the side-effects and discusses the safety issues of HBOT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Micun
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Jana Kilinskiego 1 STR, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (Z.M.)
| | - Weronika Dobrzyńska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilinskiego 1 STR, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (W.D.); (D.A.D.)
| | - Michał Sieśkiewicz
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Jana Kilinskiego 1 STR, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (Z.M.)
| | - Izabela Zawadzka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilinskiego 1 STR, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (W.D.); (D.A.D.)
| | - Diana Anna Dmuchowska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilinskiego 1 STR, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (W.D.); (D.A.D.)
| | | | - Joanna Konopińska
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilinskiego 1 STR, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (W.D.); (D.A.D.)
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