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Zhang Y, Fan SJ, Pan XJ, Zhang ZH, Ge QS, Wang J, Wang Y, He MG, Wang NL. Acute primary angle closure concurrent with coronavirus disease 2019 recurrence in Northern China: A retrospective multi-centre study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34090. [PMID: 39071652 PMCID: PMC11277407 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims and objectives During the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak period, there was increasing presentation in the number of patients with acute primary angle closure (APAC). This study aimed to report the occurrence of APAC during the COVID-19 post-restriction period and investigate the related characteristics of these patients with APAC. Methods This retrospective, multi-center study included consecutive patients seeking APAC treatment at two eye centers in China from December 7, 2022 to January 13, 2023 (post-restriction period) and from December 7, 2021 to January 13, 2022 (control period). Electronic medical records were reviewed, and ocular data of the affected eye(s) were analyzed for patients with unilateral or bilateral APAC. Information including COVID-19 related symptoms, medications used for COVID-19 infection, and living habits and emotions related to the COVID-19 outbreak during the post restriction period were collected using a questionnaire. Results Overall, 189 (219 APAC eyes) and 51 (54 APAC eyes) patients with APAC were identified during the post-restriction and control periods, respectively. The patients identified during the post-restriction period were younger (P = 0.043) and had a longer duration from symptoms to treatment (P = 0.039), shorter axial length (P = 0.002), larger pupil diameter (P = 0.004), larger vertical cup disc ratio (P = 0.004), poorer mean deviation values (P = 0.003), and more glaucomatous optic neuropathy diagnoses (P = 0.032) compared with the patients with APAC identified during the control period. Among 151 included patients with APAC who completed the questionnaires, 130 patients with APAC were diagnosed with concurrent COVID-19 infection, of which 54 (41.5 %) had coughing and/or vomiting as the main symptoms. Of these, 89.2 % spent 0 h per day on outdoor activity; 44.6 % drank more water than usual, with 14.6 % drinking more than twice the amount of water than usual; 91.5 % used antipyretics; and 20.0 % had mood swings, including anxiety, depression, and tension, during the concurrent COVID-19 infection. Conclusion In our study, a significant increase in the number of patients presenting with APAC with certain characteristics was observed during the COVID-19 post-restriction period. And whether COVID-19 symptoms, such as coughing and vomiting, and behavioral and psychological changes caused by COVID-19 infection contributing to the concurrence of APAC and COVID-19 recurrence require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xiao Jing Pan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University Shandong Eye Institute, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Qing Shu Ge
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University Shandong Eye Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Guang He
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ning Li Wang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing, China
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Moghadas Sharif N, Hoseini-Yazdi H, Daneshvar R, Radhakrishnan H, Shoeibi N, Ehsaei A, Collins MJ. Seasonal variations in anterior segment angle parameters in myopes and emmetropes. Clin Exp Optom 2024; 107:530-536. [PMID: 37751623 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2023.2251478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Seasonal variations are known to occur in a range of ocular parameters and in conditions including refractive error and glaucoma. It is of clinical importance to know if seasonal changes also occur in anterior segment angle parameters, given that they can influence these conditions. BACKGROUND The study aimed to examine the seasonal variations in anterior segment angle parameters in healthy young adults. METHODS Twenty-three emmetropic participants with a mean age of 26.17 ± 4.43 years and 22 myopic participants with a mean age of 27.27 ± 4.47 years completed four seasons of data collection. Anterior segment angle parameters were measured using swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and objective refraction were also measured. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to determine the effect of season and refractive error on the various ocular parameters. RESULTS A significant main effect of season was found for the majority of anterior segment angle parameters, including the angle opening distance at 500 and 750 µm from the scleral spur (p = 0.02, p = 0.006, respectively), angle recess area at 500 and 750 µm from the scleral spur (both p = 0.002), and trabecular iris space area at 500 and 750 µm from the scleral (p = 0.02, p = 0.008, respectively). However, measures of anterior chamber depth and trabecular iris angle did not exhibit statistically significant seasonal variations (all p > 0.05). A significant main effect of season was also found for the changes in IOP (p = 0.004) and objective refraction (p < 0.001). There was no season by refractive group interaction for any anterior segment angle parameter or IOP (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION There is a small but significant seasonal changes in the anterior segment angle parameters, refractive error, and IOP in healthy young adult males, in which the anterior segment angle dimensions are narrower, the IOP is higher, and the refraction is more myopic during winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Moghadas Sharif
- Department of Optometry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Optometry and Visual Science, University of London, London, UK
| | - Hosein Hoseini-Yazdi
- Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ramin Daneshvar
- Eye Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Nasser Shoeibi
- Eye Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Asieh Ehsaei
- Department of Optometry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Optometry and Visual Science, University of London, London, UK
| | - Michael J Collins
- Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Lentz PC, Lim SY, Betzler BK, Miller DD, Dorairaj SK, Ang BCH. A deep dive into hyperbaric environments and intraocular pressure-a systematic review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1365259. [PMID: 38633303 PMCID: PMC11021581 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1365259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose SCUBA diving exposes participants to a unique hyperbaric environment, but few studies have examined the effects of such an environment on intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma. This systematic review aims to consolidate recent literature findings regarding the impact of increased atmospheric pressure on IOP and glaucoma. Methods Three online databases were searched to identify publications encompassing the subjects of diving or increased atmospheric pressure in conjunction with IOP or glaucoma. Three reviewers independently screened the publications and identified eligible articles. Relevant data was extracted from each article. The heterogeneity of the data precluded the conduct of a meta-analysis. Results Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Six experimental studies employed hyperbaric chambers to measure IOP under simulated diving conditions. Among these, IOP exhibited a reduction with increased atmospheric pressures in four studies, while the findings of two studies were inconclusive. One study measured IOP pre- and post-dive and another measured IOP with and without a diving mask. Post-dive, a decrease in IOP was observed, and a statistically significant reduction was noted when subjects wore a diving mask. A retrospective study examining the incidence of acute angle closure glaucoma attack found no association with weather or atmospheric pressure. Conclusion The majority of studies found IOP to decrease with increased atmospheric pressure and after diving. The mechanisms underlying this reduction remain incompletely understood, with potential contributors including changes in ocular blood flow, sympathetic responses, and increased oxygenation. Hyperbaric chambers may have potential in future glaucoma treatments, but more studies are required to draw reliable conclusions regarding the safety of diving for glaucoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Connor Lentz
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Sheng Yang Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bjorn Kaijun Betzler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Darby D. Miller
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Syril K. Dorairaj
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Bryan Chin Hou Ang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Woodlands Health Campus, National Healthcare Group Eye Institute, Singapore, Singapore
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Zhong X, Li Y, Huang C, Ng TK, Weng L, Zhang J, Zhang M, Huang Y. Seasonal variations and climatic factors on acute primary angle-closure admission in southern China: a 5-year hospital-based retrospective study. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:e761-e768. [PMID: 33124157 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To delineate the seasonality of acute primary angle-closure (APAC) admission in a coastal city of southern China and its association with climatic factors. METHODS A total of 1155 Chinese subjects with principal diagnosis of APAC attack were recruited from 2012 to 2016, and their medical records were retrieved. Monthly climatic factors were obtained from the Meteorological Bureau of Shantou. Monthly and seasonal APAC admissions were compared, and its correlation with climatic factors was evaluated. RESULTS APAC admission was higher in female subjects (75.9%) with an overall mean age of 64.7 ± 9.3 years. APAC admission was highest in summer with the peak onset in June. The peak of APAC admission for female subjects aged ≤ 65 years was in June, and that for> 65 years was in July. The peak of APAC admission for male subjects aged > 65 years was in August. Precipitation was positively correlated with APAC admission rate for both aged ≤ 65 (β = 0.415, p = 0.001) and > 65 years old (β = 0.364, p = 0.004) female subjects. In contrast, surface temperature was positively correlated with APAC admission rate for male subjects aged > 65 years (β = 0.441, p < 0.001). No climatic factor was correlated with APAC admission rate for male subjects ≤ 65 years. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the peak season of APAC admission in summer, and surface temperature and precipitation are the associated factors. Close monitoring of climate changes could help to reduce the incidence of APAC attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhong
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Li
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chukai Huang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Limei Weng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqiang Huang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Bang SR, Lee TE. Correlation between Seasons, Climatic Factors and Acute Angle Closure Attack Incidence. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2019.60.12.1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- So Ra Bang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Tae Eun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
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6
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Zhu J, Xu Y, Wang H, Liu D, Zhu J, Wu H. The Seasonality of Acute Attack of Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma in Beijing, China. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4036. [PMID: 29507343 PMCID: PMC5838156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21074-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the seasonality of acute attack of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) was analysed. This retrospective case series included 283 patients (200 women, 83 men; mean age, 68.2 ± 10.3 years; range, 37–96 years) with acute attack of PACG from a university-based clinic over 4 years. Patients’ age and sex, and the date and season of onset of PACG attack, were analysed. Descriptive analysis and von Mises distribution were used for statistical analysis. The highest incidence of acute attack of PACG was observed in those aged 60–69 years (34.6%). Descriptive analysis showed that the incidence was greater in June and July for men, November for women, and November for the entire sample. An angular plot (using von Mises distribution) of the individual dates of onset revealed the estimated peak onset on September 11, November 8, and October 28 for men, women, and both, respectively. Integration of the results from the two analyses revealed the incidence to be higher in the summer and winter for men, and in the winter for women and for the entire sample. More females than males were affected. Monthly and seasonal variations in onset were observed, which might be related to weather changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital, Peking University, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.,Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Ministry of Education, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Dongjing Liu
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jingbo Zhu
- Middle School Attached to Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's Hospital, Peking University, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China. .,Key Laboratory of Vision Loss and Restoration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Ministry of Education, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.
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7
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Zhang X, Liu Y, Wang W, Chen S, Li F, Huang W, Aung T, Wang N. Why does acute primary angle closure happen? Potential risk factors for acute primary angle closure. Surv Ophthalmol 2017; 62:635-647. [DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Qassim A, Viki M, Ng SK, Jersmann H, Casson RJ. Climate and season: the effects on ophthalmic diseases. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2017; 45:385-392. [PMID: 27894161 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal changes and climate have a significant impact on human health. Diseases influenced by temperature and climate conditions are likely to undergo dynamic pattern shifts with consequent impact on human health. A number of infectious and non-infectious ophthalmic diseases are influenced by temperature and seasonality. Awareness of this is important from public and global health perspective in addition to resource allocation strategies. We examine the evidence for a seasonal pattern to ophthalmic diseases and assess the possible impact of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayub Qassim
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mthulisi Viki
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Soo Khai Ng
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hubertus Jersmann
- Lung Research, Hanson Institute and Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert J Casson
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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9
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Subak-Sharpe I, Low S, Nolan W, Foster PJ. Pharmacological and environmental factors in primary angle-closure glaucoma. Br Med Bull 2010; 93:125-43. [PMID: 19933218 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldp042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION OR BACKGROUND A large number of drug classes have now been reported to provoke angle closure in high-risk individuals. The mechanism of action can be generalized into three main categories: sympathomimetic, parasympatholytic and idiosyndratic reactions. SOURCES OF DATA This review of the ophthalmic literature provides a clinical summary of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and its management. AREAS OF AGREEMENT External stimuli (pharmacological and environmental) may induce acute, and more often, asymptomatic angle closure, which carries a significant risk of glaucoma. GROWING POINTS Whenever in doubt, patients at risk of PACG who are starting on drug therapy known to provoke angle closure or aggravate the condition should be referred for detailed gonioscopic examination of the anterior chamber by an ophthalmologist. AREAS FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH: The use of new imaging methods such as anterior segment optical coherence tomography to assess the presence or risk of angle closure is gaining popularity, and may offer a more rapid method of identifying people who are at risk of sight loss from angle-closure glaucoma precipitated by non-ophthalmological medication.
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10
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Hu CC, Lin HC, Chen CS. A 7-Year Population Study of Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma Admissions and Climate in Taiwan. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2009; 15:66-72. [DOI: 10.1080/09286580701771997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Retrospektive Untersuchung jahreszeitlich bedingter Einflussfaktoren auf den Augeninnendruck therapierter Glaukompatienten. Ophthalmologe 2009; 106:1006-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00347-008-1882-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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13
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Hu CC, Lin HC, Chen CS, Kuo NW. Reduction in admissions of patients with acute primary angle closure occurring in conjunction with a rise in cataract surgery in Taiwan. Acta Ophthalmol 2008; 86:440-5. [PMID: 18028235 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0420.2007.01066.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Using 8 year nationwide administrative data, this study sets out to investigate the relationship between the total number of cataract operations undertaken in Taiwan and admissions for acute primary angle closure (APAC). METHODS Monthly cataract surgery and APAC admission rates, per 100,000 of the population, were provided by 1997-2004 inpatient and outpatient data obtained from the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database. The 3814 cases of APAC and 503 687 patients who had undergone cataract operations were categorized by age groups (40-49, 50-59, 60-69 and > or =70 years) and by gender. Spearman rank correlation coefficients were used to examine the direction and strength of the relationships. RESULTS Throughout the study period, the admissions for APAC showed a steady decline from 630 cases in 1997 to 351 cases in 2004, while the number of cataract operations revealed a gradual increase from 26 600 in 1997 to 77 924 in 2004. The Spearman rank correlation coefficients showed significant inverse relationships between monthly APAC admission rates and monthly cataract operation rates for the total group (r = -0.407, P < 0.001), males (r = -0.330, P < 0.001), females (r = -0.444, P < 0.001), 40-49 year olds (r = -0.335, P < 0.001), 50-59 year olds (r = -0.497, P < 0.001) and 60-69 year olds (r = -0.417, P < 0.001). No significant inverse relationship was observed for the > or =70 age group. CONCLUSION Significant inverse relationships were noted between the monthly APAC admission rates and the monthly cataract operation rates. We recommend that data should be collected from other regions and ethnic groups to determine the inter-relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Chien Hu
- School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
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14
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Iguchi Y, Ito Y, Kikuchi M, Ishikawa K, Oshima H, Yatsuya H, Terasaki H. Seasonal variations of acute massive submacular haemorrhage associated with age-related macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol 2006; 90:1256-8. [PMID: 16837537 PMCID: PMC1857448 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2006.099259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine whether there is a seasonal variation in the onset of acute, massive submacular haemorrhage associated with age-related macular degeneration. METHODS Sixty eyes of 59 patients diagnosed between April 1998 and March 2005, were studied retrospectively. For each patient, the month and season of onset of the submacular haemorrhage and the mean monthly ambient temperature in Nagoya were analysed. Any history of systemic hypertension was also recorded, and the seasonal variations were also investigated in hypertensive and non-hypertensive groups. RESULTS The number of cases peaked in winter with a trough in summer, and this seasonal variation was significant (Roger's R = 12.03, p<0.01). The monthly incidence was inversely correlated with the temperature (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient r = 0.89, p<0.01). The seasonal variations were significant in the hypertensive group but not in the non-hypertensive group. CONCLUSION The considerable seasonal variations suggests that the mechanism for the haemorrhage is strongly correlated with the systemic blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Iguchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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15
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He M, Foster PJ, Johnson GJ, Khaw PT. Angle-closure glaucoma in East Asian and European people. Different diseases? Eye (Lond) 2005; 20:3-12. [PMID: 15688051 DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6701797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the pattern of disease in Europeans, primary angle closure has a higher prevalence and tends to be asymptomatic in East Asians. The higher prevalence is attributed to differences in anterior chamber and angle anatomy. Several studies suggest that central anterior chamber depth is shallower in East Asians than in Europeans, although this is not universally accepted. It is debated whether pupil block is the predominant mechanism of angle closure in Asian people. Meaningful comparison between studies is currently hindered by differences in patient selection, examination technique, and case definition; however, the major scientific deficiency is the paucity of prospective followup data to give an insight into natural history of the disease. This review examines the data on prevalence, risk factors, and mechanism of angle closure. Special consideration is given to limitations of methodology in research to date, with the intention of developing more robust data in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M He
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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16
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Abstract
Angle closure glaucoma is emerging as a leading cause of blindness in the densely populated countries of Asia. It has a greater propensity to cause bilateral blindness than either primary open-angle glaucoma or secondary glaucoma. An estimated 9.4 million people in China aged 40 years and older have glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Approximately 5.2 million people (55%) would be blind in at least one eye. Around 1.7 million (18.1%) would be blind in both eyes. it is likely that PACG is responsible for the vast majority (91%) of bilateral glaucoma blindness in China. The number of Chinese people with an "occludable" drainage angle is in the region of 28.2 million, and of these 9.1 million have significant angle closure. There is a growing emphasis on a revised method of classifying the disease, which reserves the term "glaucoma" for cases with glaucomatous optic neuropathy. The term primary angle closure (PAC) is used in cases with a closed angle and peripheral anterior synechiae or raised intraocular pressure. Risk factors for PAC include older age, female gender, Chinese ethnicity, all of which are associated with anatomical risk factors of central and/or peripherally shallow anterior chambers (usually associated with a thicker, anteriorly-positioned lens), and a shorter axial length of the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Foster
- Division of Epidemiology, Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.
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17
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Yong VKY, Umapathi T, Aung T, Tan NCK, Lee JJ, Liew GC, Yip CC, Foster PJ, Chew PTK. Systemic autonomic function in subjects with primary angle-closure glaucoma: a comparative study of symptomatic and asymptomatic disease presentation. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2004; 32:137-41. [PMID: 15068428 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2004.00791.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autonomic dysfunction is thought to be a contributory factor in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) by precipitating pupil block in anatomically predisposed eyes. This study aimed to compare systemic autonomic function between subjects who had suffered a previous episode of acute angle closure (symptomatic PACG), those who had asymptomatic PACG, and age and sex-matched controls. METHODS Tests for systemic parasympathetic function included the heart-rate response to standing (30:15 ratio), heart-rate variation during deep breathing, and the ratio of the heart rate at phases IV and II of the Valsalva manoeuvre (Valsalva ratio). For assessment of the sympathetic nervous system, blood pressure was recorded supine and then after 2 and 5 min of standing. A modified sweat test, the sympathetic skin response, was recorded on the palm and sole. RESULTS A total of 30 subjects were examined: eight previous symptomatic PACG, eight asymptomatic PACG and 14 control subjects. The mean ages were similar, and all except one subject were Chinese. None of the subjects had evidence of systemic dysautonomia. There was no significant difference found between the groups for the 30:15 ratio, heart-rate variation during deep respiration and the Valsalva ratio. No significant orthostatic hypotension was detected in subjects with PACG. Abnormal sympathetic skin response was not more common in PACG subjects compared to control subjects. CONCLUSIONS This study identified no systemic autonomic dysfunction in people with PACG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernon K Y Yong
- The Eye Institute, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
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18
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Teikari JM, O'Donnell J, Nurminen M, Raivio I. Acute closed angle glaucoma and sunshine. J Epidemiol Community Health 1991; 45:291-3. [PMID: 1795149 PMCID: PMC1059463 DOI: 10.1136/jech.45.4.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE The aim was to examine a possible association of amount of sunshine and risk for acute closed angle glaucoma. DESIGN This was a retrospective analysis of hospital discharge registry data, linked to meteorological data for the same period. SETTING The study was a national survey using hospital discharge data for the whole of Finland over a 10 year period. PARTICIPANTS All subjects with the acute closed angle glaucoma diagnosis from the hospital discharge registry were collected for the years 1972 to 1982. A total of 1796 patients were found. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Meteorological data from two cities in Finland, Helsinki and Oulu, were collected for the same years from the Finnish Meteorological Institute. A peak incidence of acute closed angle glaucoma was noted whenever the number of hours without sunshine increased. A regression analysis including incidence of acute closed angle glaucoma as a dependent variable, and sex, mean temperature, mean air pressure, mean humidity, total amount of rain per month, and mean sunshine hours as independent variables, was constructed. Sex and sunshine hours best explained the variation in incidence in a covariate model. No other meteorological variate could improve the model fit. CONCLUSIONS The result confirms that the number of hours without sunshine is positively associated with the incidence of acute closed angle glaucoma, when other meteorological variables are controlled for.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Teikari
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
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19
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Van Rens GH, Arkell SM, Charlton W, Doesburg W. Primary angle-closure glaucoma among Alaskan Eskimos. Doc Ophthalmol 1988; 70:265-76. [PMID: 3266136 DOI: 10.1007/bf00154464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
An epidemiological study of the occurrence of angle-closure glaucoma was made under the Eskimos population of the Norton Sound and Bering Straits region of Alaska. Among 1673 Alaskan Natives examined 14 cases (0.8%) of angle-closure glaucoma were found, in 0.5% of the men and 1.2% of the women; for persons above the age of 40 years these figures were 2.1% and 5.5% respectively. Angle-closure glaucoma was found in 11.8% of women above the age of 60 years. A shallow anterior chamber was seen twice as frequently in women as in men. Above the age of 30 years the chamber angle was considered to be occludable in 2% of men and 7.5% of women on gonioscopic examination. The average intra-ocular pressure of the right eyes of men was 11.7 mm Hg (s.d. 3.3) and of women 12.0 mm Hg (s.d. 3.4). Primary open-angle glaucoma was not seen in the population being studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Van Rens
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Lambertus Hospital Helmond, The Netherlands
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20
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Teikari J, Raivio I, Nurminen M. Incidence of acute glaucoma in Finland from 1973 to 1982. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1987; 225:357-60. [PMID: 3666479 DOI: 10.1007/bf02153405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of acute closed-angle glaucoma was studied in 1796 patients derived from the hospital discharge registry of Finland for the years 1973-1982 (469 males and 1327 females). The average incidence was 3.8 cases/100,000 per year. The incidence showed a steep rise with age. The highest incidence was observed in both sexes in the group 80 years of age and older. The incidence was higher (Chi-square 7.81, df = 1, P less than 0.01) among women (5.3/100,000 per year) than among men (2.0/100,000 per year). The age-adjusted incidence for the whole period of 1973-1982 showed no statistically significant rise. The seasonal variation of incidence was statistically significant (P less than 0.001). In winter (December, January, February) and in autumn (September, October, November) the incidences were higher compared to spring (March, April, May) and summer (June, July, August). This association was greater (P less than 0.001) among females than among males (P less than 0.05). Mean sunshine hours showed a reverse association with the incidence of acute glaucoma. The association was statistically significant when both sexes were pooled together (P less than 0.001). There was no sex interaction with regard to the association of incidence of acute glaucoma and mean sunshine hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Teikari
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
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21
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Hillman JS. Acute closed-angle glaucoma: an investigation into the effect of delay in treatment. Br J Ophthalmol 1979; 63:817-21. [PMID: 526462 PMCID: PMC1043634 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.63.12.817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A retrospective study of 212 eyes with acute closed-angle glaucoma is reported. A peak incidence in the sixth decade was noted and an increased incidence in females confirmed statistically. A surprising and often marked delay occurred in the presentation of many patients for treatment, but visual outcome was not influenced by such delay. Despite good control of intraocular pressure, many of the eyes suffered visual loss from optic nerve damage, and the visual outcome was not related to the height of intraocular pressure at presentation. Damage to the visual system occurred very early in the disease, probably with the initial acute rise of intraocular pressure, and eyes appear to vary in their susceptibility to such an insult. It does not appear that earlier presentation of the patient with acute glaucoma would significantly improve the visual outcome in terms of visual acuity. The short critical time before damage occurs to the eyes suggests a role for preventive ophthalmology in the detection and surgery of eyes at risk with shallow anterior chambers and narrow angles before they develop acute closed-angle glaucoma.
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