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Zhang J, Koolmeister C, Han J, Filograna R, Hanke L, Àdori M, Sheward DJ, Teifel S, Gopalakrishna S, Shao Q, Liu Y, Zhu K, Harris RA, McInerney G, Murrell B, Aoun M, Bäckdahl L, Holmdahl R, Pekalski M, Wedell A, Engvall M, Wredenberg A, Karlsson Hedestam GB, Castro Dopico X, Rorbach J. Antigen receptor stimulation induces purifying selection against pathogenic mitochondrial tRNA mutations. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e167656. [PMID: 37681412 PMCID: PMC10544217 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic mutations in mitochondrial (mt) tRNA genes that compromise oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) exhibit heteroplasmy and cause a range of multisyndromic conditions. Although mitochondrial disease patients are known to suffer from abnormal immune responses, how heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations affect the immune system at the molecular level is largely unknown. Here, in mice carrying pathogenic C5024T in mt-tRNAAla and in patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome carrying A3243G in mt-tRNALeu, we found memory T and B cells to have lower pathogenic mtDNA mutation burdens than their antigen-inexperienced naive counterparts, including after vaccination. Pathogenic burden reduction was less pronounced in myeloid compared with lymphoid lineages, despite C5024T compromising macrophage OXPHOS capacity. Rapid dilution of the C5024T mutation in T and B cell cultures could be induced by antigen receptor-triggered proliferation and was accelerated by metabolic stress conditions. Furthermore, we found C5024T to dysregulate CD8+ T cell metabolic remodeling and IFN-γ production after activation. Together, our data illustrate that the generation of memory lymphocytes shapes the mtDNA landscape, wherein pathogenic variants dysregulate the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingdian Zhang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing-Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camilla Koolmeister
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing-Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jinming Han
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roberta Filograna
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing-Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leo Hanke
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monika Àdori
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel J. Sheward
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sina Teifel
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shreekara Gopalakrishna
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing-Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qiuya Shao
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing-Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing-Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Keying Zhu
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert A. Harris
- Applied Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerald McInerney
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ben Murrell
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mike Aoun
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liselotte Bäckdahl
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcin Pekalski
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Wedell
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing-Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Engvall
- Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Wredenberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing-Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Xaquin Castro Dopico
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joanna Rorbach
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, and
- Max Planck Institute Biology of Ageing-Karolinska Institutet Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Chen S, Liu G, Liu X, Wang Y, He F, Nie D, Liu X, Liu X. RNA-seq analysis reveals differentially expressed inflammatory chemokines in a rat retinal degeneration model induced by sodium iodate. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221119376. [PMID: 36036255 PMCID: PMC9434683 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221119376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Retinal degeneration (RD) is a group of serious blinding eye diseases characterized by photoreceptor cell apoptosis and progressive degeneration of retinal neurons. However, the underlying mechanism of its pathogenesis remains unclear. METHODS In this study, retinal tissues from sodium iodate (NaIO3)-induced RD and control rats were collected for transcriptome analysis using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). Analysis of white blood cell-related parameters was conducted in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and age-related cataract (ARC) patients. RESULTS In total, 334 mRNAs, 77 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and 20 other RNA types were identified as differentially expressed in the retinas of NaIO3-induced RD rats. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses showed that differentially expressed mRNAs were mainly enriched in signaling pathways related to immune inflammation. Moreover, we found that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was significantly higher in RP patients than in ARC patients. CONCLUSION Overall, this study suggests that multiple chemokines participating in systemic inflammation may contribute to RD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Chen
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology,
Affiliated Shenzhen Eye Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong,
China
| | - Guo Liu
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene
Study, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of
Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology,
Affiliated Shenzhen Eye Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong,
China
| | - Yun Wang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology,
Affiliated Shenzhen Eye Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong,
China
| | - Fen He
- Shenzhen Aier Eye Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University,
Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Danyao Nie
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology,
Affiliated Shenzhen Eye Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong,
China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology,
Affiliated Shenzhen Eye Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong,
China
| | - Xuyang Liu
- Xiamen Eye Center, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian,
China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, the 2nd
Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
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3
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Talib M, Boon CJF. Retinal Dystrophies and the Road to Treatment: Clinical Requirements and Considerations. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2020; 9:159-179. [PMID: 32511120 PMCID: PMC7299224 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
: Retinal dystrophies (RDs) comprise relatively rare but devastating causes of progressive vision loss. They represent a spectrum of diseases with marked genetic and clinical heterogeneity. Mutations in the same gene may lead to different diagnoses, for example, retinitis pigmentosa or cone dystrophy. Conversely, mutations in different genes may lead to the same phenotype. The age at symptom onset, and the rate and characteristics of peripheral and central vision decline, may vary widely per disease group and even within families. For most RD cases, no effective treatment is currently available. However, preclinical studies and phase I/II/III gene therapy trials are ongoing for several RD subtypes, and recently the first retinal gene therapy has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for RPE65-associated RDs: voretigene neparvovec-rzyl (Luxturna). With the rapid advances in gene therapy studies, insight into the phenotypic spectrum and long-term disease course is crucial information for several RD types. The vast clinical heterogeneity presents another important challenge in the evaluation of potential efficacy in future treatment trials, and in establishing treatment candidacy criteria. This perspective describes these challenges, providing detailed clinical descriptions of several forms of RD that are caused by genes of interest for ongoing and future gene or cell-based therapy trials. Several ongoing and future treatment options will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mays Talib
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Camiel J F Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam. Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Akhtar-Schäfer I, Wang L, Krohne TU, Xu H, Langmann T. Modulation of three key innate immune pathways for the most common retinal degenerative diseases. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201708259. [PMID: 30224384 PMCID: PMC6180304 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the role of three key immune pathways in the pathophysiology of major retinal degenerative diseases including diabetic retinopathy, age‐related macular degeneration, and rare retinal dystrophies. We first discuss the mechanisms how loss of retinal homeostasis evokes an unbalanced retinal immune reaction involving responses of local microglia and recruited macrophages, activity of the alternative complement system, and inflammasome assembly in the retinal pigment epithelium. Presenting these key mechanisms as complementary targets, we specifically emphasize the concept of immunomodulation as potential treatment strategy to prevent or delay vision loss. Promising molecules are ligands for phagocyte receptors, specific inhibitors of complement activation products, and inflammasome inhibitors. We comprehensively summarize the scientific evidence for this strategy from preclinical animal models, human ocular tissue analyses, and clinical trials evolving in the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Akhtar-Schäfer
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Luping Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tim U Krohne
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heping Xu
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Thomas Langmann
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology of the Eye, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany .,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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5
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McMurtrey JJ, Tso MOM. A review of the immunologic findings observed in retinitis pigmentosa. Surv Ophthalmol 2018; 63:769-781. [PMID: 29551596 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Most patients suffering from retinitis pigmentosa (RP) inherit the disorder; however, the immune-pathologic features associated with this disease have yet to be extensively studied. Six reports correlate antiretinal immune activity with vision deterioration in RP patients. Some of these patients have sporadic RP that occurs in excess of expected gene segregation during inheritance. The hypothesis that a primary immune-mediated disease process occurs in this sporadic group is supported by significant associations of RP with autoimmune endocrinopathies and other immune-related conditions or factors; however, no immunologic difference regarding RP family history is reported in the peripheral blood studies of RP patients. Twenty-one percent to 51% of RP patients display antiretinal antibodies, whereas 19-58% have antiretinal lymphocyte reactivity to retinal extract, and 60-85% have activated T cells. Mutations in animal models of RP have been shown to cause endoplasmic reticulum stress that may initiate immunopathology for genetic RP, but oxidative stress also encourages immune cytotoxicity. In addition, necrotic cell death is evident, which promotes inflammatory conditions. We review mechanisms and evidence for an occult inflammation in genetic RP and examine reports of efficacy in retarding RP progression with anti-inflammatory agents in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J McMurtrey
- The Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, The Johns Hopkins University and Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - Mark O M Tso
- The Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, The Johns Hopkins University and Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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6
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Dutta Majumder P, Menia N, Roy R, Sen P, E. George A, K. Ganesh S, Biswas J. Uveitis in Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa: 30 Years’ Consecutive Data. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2017; 26:1283-1288. [DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2017.1348527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nitin Menia
- Department of Uvea, Sankara Ntethralaya, Chennai, India
| | - Rupak Roy
- Department of Vitreoretinal Services, Aditya Birla Sankara Nethralaya Mukundapur, Kolkata, India
| | - Parveen Sen
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, India
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7
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Xiong S, Yu Y, Zhou X, Xia X, Jiang H. Rhodopsin T17M Mutant Inhibits Complement C3 Secretion in Retinal Pigment Epithelium via ROS Induced Downregulation of TWIST1. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4914-4920. [PMID: 28569420 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Rhodopsin mutations cause autosomal dominant form of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). T17M rhodopsin predisposes cells to endoplasmic reticulum stress induced apoptosis. However, the pathogenic role of T17M rhodopsin in RP is not completely understood. Complement C3 has a protective role in RP pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate whether T17M rhodopsin regulates C3 secretion in retinal pigment epithelium. The human retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19) was engineered to overexpress wide-type (WT) and T17M rhodopsin. Gene expression was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. C3 secretion was detected by ELISA. The overexpression of T17M rhodopsin significantly induced ROS and reduced C3 secretion and transcription in ARPE-19 cells, but ROS scavengers could partially rescue reduced C3 secretion and transcription. Mechanistically, we found that ROS suppressed transcription factor TWIST1 which is responsible for activated transcription of C3. In conclusion, our data provide the first evidence that T17M rhodopsin mutant disrupts C3 secretion via the induction of ROS and the suppression of TWIST1. These findings reveal novel insight into the pathogenic role of mutant rhodopsin in RP. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4914-4920, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yixin Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Haibo Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
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8
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Targeting inflammation in emerging therapies for genetic retinal disease. Int J Inflam 2013; 2013:581751. [PMID: 23509666 PMCID: PMC3594980 DOI: 10.1155/2013/581751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and monogenic diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa account for some of the commonest causes of blindness in the developed world. Diverse genetic abnormalities and environmental causes have been implicated in triggering multiple pathological mechanisms such as oxidative stress, lipofuscin deposits, neovascularisation, and programmed cell death. In recent years, inflammation has also been highlighted although whether inflammatory mediators play a central role in pathogenesis or a more minor secondary role has yet to be established. Despite this, numerous interventional studies, particularly targeting the complement system, are underway with the promise of novel therapeutic strategies for these important blinding conditions.
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9
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Yu M, Zou W, Peachey NS, McIntyre TM, Liu J. A novel role of complement in retinal degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53:7684-92. [PMID: 23074214 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of components of the complement alternative pathway with the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) indicates that complement signaling plays an important role in retinal physiology. How genetic variation leads to retinal degeneration is unknown. It has been assumed that complement activation augments immune responses, which in turn initiate AMD pathogenesis. To better understand the relationship between complement and the outer retina, we examined mice lacking the main complement component C3 and the receptors for complement activation fragments C3a (C3aR) and/or C5a (C5aR). METHODS Complement mutant mice were studied along with wild-type (WT) littermates from 6 weeks to 14 months of age. Strobe flash electroretinography (ERG) was used to examine outer retinal function and a dc-ERG technique was used to measure ERG components generated by the retinal pigment epithelium. Retinas were examined by histology, immunohistochemistry, and biochemistry. RESULTS Mice lacking C3aR and/or C5aR developed early onset and progressive retinal degeneration, accompanied by cleaved caspase-3 upregulation. Genetic deletion of C3aR and/or C5aR led to cell-specific defects that matched the cellular localization of these receptors in the WT retina. Compared to WT, C3aR(-/-) and C3aR(-/-)C5aR(-/-) mice showed increased retinal dysfunction upon light exposure. C3aR(-/-)C5aR(-/-) mice immunized with 4-hydroxynonenal-adducted protein developed severe retinal impairment unrelated to immune response. CONCLUSIONS C3aR- and C5aR-mediated signaling was necessary to maintain normal retinal function and structure. These receptors may be important biomarkers for predicting retinal degeneration including AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhong Yu
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Abstract
This report describes a family demonstrating an unusual association of retinitis pigmentosa and hypogammaglobulinemia. The proband in this family suffered from another rare illness, ie, Sertoli cell only syndrome. The incidence of retinitis pigmentosa is 1 in 5,000 and that of common variable immunodeficiency state is 1 in 100,000, making a chance association of these illnesses very unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Starr
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pathology, Scott and White, Scott, Sherwood, and Brindley Foundation, The Texas A&M University Health Sciences Center College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA.
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12
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Thirkill CE, Roth AM, Takemoto DJ, Tyler NK, Keltner JL. Antibody indications of secondary and superimposed retinal hypersensitivity in retinitis pigmentosa. Am J Ophthalmol 1991; 112:132-7. [PMID: 1867296 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(14)76691-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Antibody reactions with recognized retinopathy-inducing retinal antigens may be interpreted to reflect ongoing autoimmune events responsible for some forms of vision loss. We sought evidence of secondary and superimposed retinal hypersensitivity indicated by such antibody reactivity in a random group of patients with retinitis pigmentosa. We identified patterns of immunologic reactivity within members of a group of 52 patients with retinitis pigmentosa, which suggests some patients with retinitis pigmentosa may experience consequential superimposed retinal hypersensitivity. Identifying subgroups of patients with retinitis pigmentosa who exhibit indications of retinal hypersensitivity to known uveitopathogenic retinal proteins may permit the reduction of their rate of retinal degradation by immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Thirkill
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Davis
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Abstract
Previous reports have suggested a role of cellular and/or humoral immunity in retinitis pigmentosa. Because of the controversial nature of many of these reports, the authors undertook a detailed investigation of cellular and humoral immunity in a well-characterized group of 47 persons with retinitis pigmentosa of various heritability patterns and a similar number of age- and sex-matched controls. The authors found two changes in lymphocyte subsets. Retinitis pigmentosa patients had significantly elevated Leu 3A-positive lymphocytes (CD4 or T-helper cells) and significantly fewer Leu 2A-positive lymphocytes (CD8 or T-suppressor cells) than controls, although the total numbers of T cells did not differ between the two groups. A small but significant number of retinitis pigmentosa patients expressed interleukin 2 (IL-2) antigens on their lymphocytes as compared with none of the controls. The authors saw no differences between the retinitis pigmentosa and control groups in the inducibility and secretion of gamma-interferon or IL-2. Concentrations of immunoglobulins G, A, and M did not differ between the two groups. The link between immune system alterations and the retinitis pigmentosa process remains tenuous.
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14
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Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of hereditary disorders in which there is progressive loss of photoreceptor and pigment epithelial function. The prevalence of retinitis pigmentosa is between 1/3000 and 1/5000 making it one of the most common causes of visual impairment in all age groups. The natural history, differential diagnosis, diagnostic clinical and electrophysiologic findings are reviewed. Generalization about the different genetic subtypes of retinitis pigmentosa are reviewed along with the uses of DNA probes for linkage studies. Syndromes in which retinitis pigmentosa is a manifestation are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Pagon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
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15
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Newsome DA, Fishman GA. Research update: report on retinitis pigmentosa and the immune system workshop 7-8 November 1985. Exp Eye Res 1986; 43:1-5. [PMID: 3089827 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-4835(86)80040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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