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Castro-Torres JJ, Casares-López M, Ortiz-Peregrina S, Martino F, Gómez-Robledo L, Jiménez JR. Effect of the chromaticity of stimuli on night vision disturbances. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10183. [PMID: 38702452 PMCID: PMC11068904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The perception of halos and other night vision disturbances is a common complaint in clinical practice. Such visual disturbances must be assessed in order to fully characterize each patient's visual performance, which is particularly relevant when carrying out a range of daily tasks. Visual problems are usually assessed using achromatic stimuli, yet the stimuli encountered in daily life have very different chromaticities. Hence, it is important to assess the effect of the chromaticity of visual stimuli on night vision disturbances. The aim of this work is to study the influence of the chromaticity of different visual stimuli on night vision disturbances by analyzing straylight and visual discrimination under low-light conditions. For that, we assessed the monocular and binocular visual discrimination of 27 subjects under low illumination using the Halo test. The subjects' visual discrimination was assessed after exposure to different visual stimuli: achromatic, red, green, and blue, both at the monitor's maximum luminance and maintaining the same luminance value for the different visual stimuli. Monocular straylight was also measured for an achromatic, red, green, and blue stimuli. The blue stimulus had the greatest effect on halos in both monocular and binocular conditions. Visual discrimination was similar for the red, green, and achromatic stimuli, but worsened at lower luminance. The greatest influence of straylight was observed for the blue stimulus. In addition, visual discrimination correlated with straylight measurements for achromatic stimuli, wherein greater straylight values correlated with an increased perception of halos and other visual disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J Castro-Torres
- Laboratory of Vision Sciences and Applications, Department of Optics, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Miriam Casares-López
- Laboratory of Vision Sciences and Applications, Department of Optics, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Sonia Ortiz-Peregrina
- Laboratory of Vision Sciences and Applications, Department of Optics, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Francesco Martino
- Laboratory of Vision Sciences and Applications, Department of Optics, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis Gómez-Robledo
- Basic and Applied Colorimetry Lab, Department of Optics, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - José R Jiménez
- Laboratory of Vision Sciences and Applications, Department of Optics, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
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Martino F, Castro-Torres JJ, Casares-López M, Ortiz-Peregrina S, Granados-Delgado P, Jiménez JR. Influence of Interocular Differences and Alcohol Consumption on Binocular Visual Performance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1751. [PMID: 36767115 PMCID: PMC9914044 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of a moderate breath-alcohol content (BrAC of 0.40 mg/L) on binocular visual performance for different visual functions after inducing different levels of interocular differences with the use of filters. A total of 26 healthy young subjects were enrolled. The participants participated in two sessions: one without alcohol consumption and another after alcohol consumption. In each session and for the different filter conditions (subjects were wearing Bangerter foil of 0.8 and BPM2 fog filter on the dominant eye), monocular and binocular visual function was evaluated by measuring visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, visual discrimination capacity (and successively by calculating their corresponding binocular summations) and stereopsis (near and distance stereoacuity). In addition, interocular differences were calculated for different retinal-image quality and straylight parameters. All monocular and binocular visual functions were analyzed and stereopsis was significantly impaired by alcohol and filters (p < 0.05). Interocular differences for different ocular parameters and binocular summations for visual parameters were negatively affected by filters but not alcohol. Significant correlations (averaging all the experimental conditions analyzed) were found, highlighting: the higher the interocular differences, the lower the binocular summation and the poorer the stereopsis and, therefore, the worse the binocular visual performance.
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Zhao W, Zhao J, Han T, Wang J, Zhang Z, Zhou X. A Comprehensive Investigation of Contrast Sensitivity and Disk Halo in High Myopia Treated With SMILE and EVO Implantable Collamer Lens Implantation. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:23. [PMID: 35452094 PMCID: PMC9055559 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.4.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the clinical outcomes in small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and EVO implantable Collamer lens (ICL)–treated high myopia. Methods Thirty-three SMILE-treated and 32 EVO ICL-treated patients were included and followed up for 6 months. Subjective refraction, contrast sensitivity, and disk halo size were measured preoperatively and postoperatively. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were obtained at the final visit. Results Significant differences in efficacy and safety indices were observed between the SMILE and EVO ICL groups at 6 months postoperatively (P < 0.05). In the SMILE group, the mesopic contrast sensitivity at 2.2 cycles per degree (cpd) and photopic contrast sensitivity at 0.5, 3.4, and 7.1 cpd were significantly improved. In the EVO ICL group, the mesopic contrast sensitivity at 7.1 cpd and photopic contrast sensitivity at 0.5, 7.1, and 14.6 cpd were significantly improved. The halo radii after SMILE were significantly increased at 1 week, showed a decreasing trend at 1 month, returned to baseline at 3 months, and progressed stably at 6 months. However, it was unchanged in the EVO ICL group. Regarding subjective experience, haloes were the most common disturbance with mild and little bothersomeness after EVO ICL in contrast to starbursts after SMILE. Conclusions EVO ICL implantation yielded better visual outcomes, improved contrast sensitivity particularly at high spatial frequencies, had a stabler disk halo size, and increased incidence of haloes, with less influence than that of SMILE. Translational Relevance The disk halo and PRO findings will be of benefit for consultations and evaluations in visual performance and disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuxiao Zhao
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Han
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Jifang Wang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
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Zhao W, Zhao J, Han T, Li M, Wang J, Zhou X. Evaluation of Disk Halo Size and Identification of Correlated Factors in Myopic Adults. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:743543. [PMID: 35155490 PMCID: PMC8831374 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.743543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate glare source-induced disk halo size and assess its correlation with higher-order aberrations (HOAs), pupillometry findings, and contrast sensitivity in myopic adults (aged 23.8 ± 4.4 years). In this cross-sectional study, 150 eyes of 150 patients were assessed. All patients underwent routine ophthalmic examinations, wavefront aberrometry, halo size measurement, dynamic pupillometry, and contrast sensitivity tests. Spearman's correlation analysis and independent sample t-tests were performed for data analysis. The mean halo radius was 82.5 ± 21.8 and 236.7 ± 52.2 arc min at 5 and 1 cd/m2 luminance levels, respectively. The values were inversely correlated with internal spherical aberration (SA) (r = −0.175, p = 0.032 and r = −0.241, p = 0.003, respectively), but not correlated with spherical equivalent (SE, both p > 0.05). Positive correlations were observed between halo radius and pupil size, contraction amplitude, and dilation speed during pupillary light reflex. Halo radii at 5 and 1 cd/m2 luminance levels were not significantly correlated with the area under the log contrast sensitivity function (r = −0.093, p = 0.258 and r = −0.149, p = 0.069, respectively). The mean halo radius was not clinically different between myopic and healthy eyes at 5 cd/m2 luminance level and did not differ significantly between the high and low-to-moderate myopia at 5 and 1 cd/m2 luminance levels (all p > 0.05). According to a stepwise linear regression model, the internal SA had a negative effect on the halo radius under low photpic condition; the average pupil diameter, internal SA and corneal HOAs played a large role in determining the halo radius under mesopic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuxiao Zhao
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Han
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Li
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China
| | - Jifang Wang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xingtao Zhou
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Bertaud S, Zenouda A, Lombardi M, Authié C, Brasnu E, Hamard P, Sahel JA, Baudouin C, Labbé A. Glare and Mobility Performance in Glaucoma: A Pilot Study. J Glaucoma 2021; 30:963-970. [PMID: 34506355 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000001936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PRCIS Glare disability affects patients with moderate and severe glaucoma. Under glare conditions, mobility performances of glaucoma patients are reduced. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate glare disability and its impact on mobility and orientation in glaucoma patients. METHODS Twenty-two glaucoma patients and 12 age-matched control subjects were included. All patients underwent a clinical evaluation of visual function and halo size measurements to determine glare disability with a glare score (GS) of the best eye and worse eye. Mobility was evaluated by 4 mobility courses on an artificial street (StreetLab) under photopic conditions (P) and mesopic conditions with an additional light source in front of the patient to mimic dazzling conditions (M+G). Mobility time, mobility incidents, trajectory segmentation, distance traveled, preferred walking speed on trial (WS) and percentage of preferred walking speed (PPWS) were recorded, and the Nasa task load index (Nasa-TLX) was evaluated. RESULTS GS of the worse eye and GS of the best eye were significantly higher in glaucoma patients than in the control group (P=0.001 and 0.003). It was significantly different between moderate glaucoma patients and controls (P=0.001 and 0.010, respectively) and between severe glaucoma patients and controls (P=0.049 and 0.016). In locomotion tasks, comparing performance under M+G and P conditions, mobility performance was significantly different concerning mobility time (P=0.010), distance traveled (P=0.008), WS (P=0.007), PPWS (P=0.006), and Nasa-TLX (P=0.017) in the glaucoma group. Under M+G lighting conditions, mobility performance for glaucoma patients was significantly worse than controls with regard to WS (P=0.038), PPWS (P=0.0498), mobility time (P=0.046), and Nasa-TLX (P=0.006). CONCLUSION Glare disability was observed in patients with moderate and severe glaucoma and had an impact on their mobility performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco Lombardi
- CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, IHU FOReSIGHT
- Streetlab, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | | | - Emmanuelle Brasnu
- Department of Ophthalmology III, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, IHU FOReSIGHT
| | - Pascale Hamard
- Department of Ophthalmology III, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, IHU FOReSIGHT
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, IHU FOReSIGHT
- Inserm, U968, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S968, Institut de la Vision, CNRS, UMR 7210, CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DHOS CIC 503
- Department of Ophthalmology III, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, IHU FOReSIGHT
| | - Christophe Baudouin
- CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, IHU FOReSIGHT
- Inserm, U968, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S968, Institut de la Vision, CNRS, UMR 7210, CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DHOS CIC 503
- Department of Ophthalmology III, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, IHU FOReSIGHT
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Saclay University
| | - Antoine Labbé
- CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, IHU FOReSIGHT
- Inserm, U968, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S968, Institut de la Vision, CNRS, UMR 7210, CHNO des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DHOS CIC 503
- Department of Ophthalmology III, Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, IHU FOReSIGHT
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Saclay University
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Zhao W, Han T, Li M, Sekundo W, Aruma A, Zhou X. Nighttime Symptoms After Monocular SMILE: A Contralateral Eye Study. Ophthalmol Ther 2021; 10:1033-1044. [PMID: 34559401 PMCID: PMC8589907 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-021-00396-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction To investigate nighttime symptoms in patients with myopic anisometropia after monocular small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery. Methods Thirty-six patients who had undergone monocular SMILE more than 6 months previously were recruited at the Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University. The average age at surgery was 25.4 ± 6.1 years. Preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) was −3.77 ± 1.56 D in SMILE-treated eyes and −0.08 ± 0.66 D in unoperated eyes. Main measurements included uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity, manifest refraction, halo radius, contrast sensitivity, nighttime symptoms, and patient satisfaction. Results The mean follow-up time was 13.9 ± 3.4 months. The efficacy and safety indexes were 1.18 and 1.28, respectively. The halo radius was not significantly different between SMILE-treated and unoperated eyes under luminance conditions of 1, 5, and 100 cd/m2 (P = 0.055). No significant differences were observed in contrast sensitivity at all spatial frequencies between eyes under both uncorrected and corrected conditions (all P > 0.05). None of the patients reported moderate or severe symptoms at night. Mild symptoms (glare, halo, starburst) were reported and binocularly equal in 13 patients, whereas four patients reported better night vision in SMILE-treated eyes than unoperated eyes, and one of them experienced mild night vision disturbance. The overall satisfaction score was 9.39 ± 0.80. Conclusions The disk halo size and contrast sensitivity in SMILE-treated eyes were similar to those in unoperated eyes, and nighttime symptoms almost completely resolved after SMILE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuxiao Zhao
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, No.19 Baoqing Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Han
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, No.19 Baoqing Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China
| | - Meiyan Li
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, No.19 Baoqing Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China
| | - Walter Sekundo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Phillips University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Aruma Aruma
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, No.19 Baoqing Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, No.19 Baoqing Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China.
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7
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Castro-Torres JJ, Martino F, Casares-López M, Ortiz-Peregrina S, Ortiz C. Visual performance after the deterioration of retinal image quality: induced forward scattering using Bangerter foils and fog filters. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:2902-2918. [PMID: 34123509 PMCID: PMC8176796 DOI: 10.1364/boe.424715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We induced and evaluated different levels of retinal-image degradation using Bangerter foils and fog filters. We found increased straylight and an important deterioration in visual performance, assessed by means of visual acuity, contrast threshold, and visual discrimination capacity. Bangerter foils induced forward scattering levels comparable to those observed in mature to severe cataracts, with an important impact of halos and starbursts. Fog filters induced lower levels of intraocular scattering, although luminous veils and circular halos were reported. The visual disturbance index positively correlated with intraocular scattering and straylight. Our results show retinal-image quality has an important influence on night-vision performance.
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Wood LJ, Jolly JK, Buckley TM, Josan AS, MacLaren RE. Low luminance visual acuity as a clinical measure and clinical trial outcome measure: a scoping review. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2021; 41:213-223. [PMID: 33403668 DOI: 10.1111/opo.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The measurement of standard visual acuity (VA) is the most well-known part of any ophthalmic examination to indicate visual function. Despite this, it is insensitive in detecting early disease changes. Therefore, other visual function tests have been developed including low luminance VA (LLVA) and low luminance deficit (LLD). This scoping literature review aims to summarise the current published applications of LLVA and LLD assessments to evaluate their utility as clinical markers and research outcome measures in a variety of ophthalmic conditions. RECENT FINDINGS Sixty-five peer-reviewed publications were included. LLVA was pioneered for use in geographic atrophy, a subtype of age-related macular degeneration, which remains the mainstay of its clinical application. However, other studies have reported additional useful applications in inherited retinal diseases including rare maculopathies and rod-cone dystrophies. Although there are some variations in testing methodology, use of the standard Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart with a 2.0 log unit neutral density filter is the most popular approach. The optimal testing luminance is still to be defined. SUMMARY Overall, LLVA is an earlier clinical marker of change in central retinal function than standard VA. It has been shown to be a risk factor for disease progression and a better indicator of a patient's level of everyday visual function. It is inexpensive and simple to implement using readily available standard ophthalmic equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Wood
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Jasleen K Jolly
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Mw Buckley
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Amandeep S Josan
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert E MacLaren
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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Yao L, Xu Y, Han T, Qi L, Shi J, Zou Z, Zhou X. Relationships Between Haloes and Objective Visual Quality in Healthy Eyes. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:13. [PMID: 32974085 PMCID: PMC7488622 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.10.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the normal values and relationships between haloes and objective optical quality in healthy eyes. Methods In this cross-sectional study, haloes, pupillary responses to light, and objective optical quality were measured with the optical quality analysis system (OQAS) and a vision monitor (MonCv3) in 138 right eyes of 138 healthy young men with mean spherical equivalent of 0.32 ± 0.47 D. Results The mean disc halo size was 77.17 ± 25.03 arcmin. The mean objective optical quality values were as follows: objective scatter index (OSI), 0.58 ± 0.33; Strehl ratio (SR), 0.21 ± 0.05; modulation transfer function cutoff, 36.27 ± 7.98 cpd; OQAS value (OV)100%, 1.21 ± 0.27; OV20%, 0.91 ± 0.23; and OV9%, 0.59 ± 0.16. Disc halo size correlated independently with OSI (P < 0.001) and minimum pupil size (P = 0.003) by forward stepwise regression analysis (disc halo size = 16.60 + 26.24 × OSI + 11.34 × minimum pupil size; R2 value = 17.7%; F = 14.52; P < 0.001). Conclusions Reference values for disc halo size and objective optical quality in healthy young subjects were established. Eyes with worse objective vision quality exhibited larger haloes. Translational Relevance The study provided the knowledge and the relationships of OQAS and halo measurements from a well-defined group of healthy young subjects. Both measurements are useful in clinical practice to help quantify the vision quality and complement each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yao
- Department of Aviation Physical Examination, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tian Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Linsong Qi
- Department of Aviation Physical Examination, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing
| | | | - Zhikang Zou
- Department of Aviation Physical Examination, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University); Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai 200031, China
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10
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Adrian J, Hue D, Porte S, Le Brun J. Validation of the driver ecological glare test. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2020; 72:139-143. [PMID: 32199556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study proposes to validate the Driver Ecological Glare Test (DEGT), a test developed to measure the benefit of a headlight glare Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS), by comparing it to a laboratory glare test. METHOD Twenty-four participants, aged from 55 to 70 years, were recruited to complete a visual examination, including monocular halo size measurement for both eyes using Vision Monitor device (MonCv3; Metrovision). An on-field evaluation took place at night at the UTAC CERAM test track to obtain disability glare measures using the DEGT. RESULTS A significant correlation was found between the two glare tests and Bland-Altman analysis reveals a good agreement with a bias of 73.7 arcmin between the halo size measurements obtained from the DEGT and Vision Monitor. The results of the present study demonstrate that the DEGT is a valid method to test halo size and is adapted to evaluate the benefits of an antiglare device for drivers in an ecological situation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Hue
- Valeo Lighting Systems, Bobigny, France
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Evaluation of disk halo size after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019; 257:2789-2793. [PMID: 31664518 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-019-04481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate changes in objective disk halo size produced by a glare source after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for myopia correction. METHODS This prospective clinical study included 45 right eyes of 45 patients with a mean age of 25.40 ± 5.06 years and mean spherical equivalent (SE) of - 6.08 ± 1.90 diopters. Disk halo size was measured with a vision monitor before surgery and at postoperative 1 week and 3 months. Other information was collected, including age, SE, lenticule thickness, lenticule diameter, dark pupil, and pupillary response to light parameters (initial diameter; amplitude, latency, duration, and velocity of contraction; latency, duration, and velocity of dilation; and maximum, minimum, and average pupil size). RESULTS Compared to preoperative values, disk halo size increased significantly at postoperative 1 week (P = 0.026) and returned to baseline at postoperative 3 months (P = 0.349). Preoperative disk halo size significantly correlated with SE (r = - 0.346, P = 0.020), minimum pupil size (r = 0.365, P = 0.014), and average pupil size (r = 0.310, P = 0.038). Disk halo size at postoperative 1 week was significantly correlated with age (r = 0.324, P = 0.030) and minimum pupil size (r = 0.297, P = 0.047). Disk halo size at postoperative 3 months was significantly correlated with lenticule diameter (r = - 0.362, P = 0.015), initial diameter (r = 0.311, P = 0.037), maximum pupil size (r = 0.312, P = 0.037), minimum pupil size (r = 0.440, P = 0.002), and average pupil size (r = 0.373, P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS After SMILE, disk halo size demonstrated a temporary increase and then returned to baseline.
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Zhao F, Han T, Chen X, Chen Z, Zheng K, Wang X, Zhou X. Minimum pupil in pupillary response to light and myopia affect disk halo size: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e019914. [PMID: 29643157 PMCID: PMC5898290 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the relationship between pupillary response to light, myopia and disk halo size. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Single refractive surgery centre. PARTICIPANTS In this study, 197 right eyes of 197 patients between 20 and 35 years of age were evaluated for disk halo size and pupillary response to light with a vision monitor. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Halo radius, age, spherical equivalent (SE), axial length (AL), initial diameter, amplitude of contraction, latency of contraction, duration of contraction, velocity of contraction, latency of dilation, duration of dilation, velocity of dilation, maximum pupil, minimum pupil, average pupil and dark pupil. RESULTS Significant associations were found between disk halo size and SE (r=-0.219, P=0.002), AL (r=0.152, P=0.033) and minimum pupil (r=0.149, P=0.037). There were no associations between disk halo size and initial diameter, amplitude of contraction, latency of contraction, duration of contraction, velocity of contraction, latency of dilation, duration of dilation, velocity of dilation, maximum pupil, average pupil, dark pupil and age (P>0.05). A significant difference in disk halo size was detected between the low-moderate and high myopia (SE< -6 D) groups (P=0.002) and between the small and large (minimum pupil≥4 mm) minimum pupil size groups (P=0.014). CONCLUSIONS Patients with a high SE and large minimum pupil size (minimum pupil ≥4 mm) suffered more disability glare than those with a low SE and small minimum pupil size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Han
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the individual effects of forward light scatter (FLS) and refractive blur on low-contrast vision and the size of the disk halo produced in response to an external glare source. METHODS Monocular disk halo radius, high- and low-contrast distance visual acuity (HCVA, LCVA), and contrast sensitivity (CS) were determined in 25 eyes of 25 healthy subjects under normal, FLS, and blur conditions. FLS was induced using the filter Black ProMist 2 to simulate an early cataract. Blur was induced using a +1.00 diopter lens to simulate an uncorrected refractive error. RESULTS Similar significant mean increases in halo radius were observed for the FLS (0.32 ± 0.10 log arc min; P < .0001) and refractive blur (0.40 ± 0.18 log arc min; P < .0001). Under induced blur, 3 lines of HCVA (0.32 ± 0.15 logMAR; P < .0001) and 4 lines of LCVA (0.39 ± 0.16 logMAR; P < .0001) were lost. FLS had a minimal (but significant) effect on HCVA, but worsened mean LCVA by more than 1 line (0.13 ± 0.10 logMAR; P < .0001). Similar significant mean CS reductions of 0.17 ± 0.12 (P < .0001) and 0.14 ± 0.12 log units (P < .0001) were produced in response to FLS and refractive blur, respectively (approximately 1 triplet). CONCLUSIONS Forward light scatter and refractive blur contributed to an increased size of the disk halo produced by a glare source in similar proportion. Although defocus blur has a substantial effect on LCVA, a loss of more than 1 line of LCVA after best refractive correction would be indicative of FLS.
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Palomo-Álvarez C, Puell MC. Capacity of straylight and disk halo size to diagnose cataract. J Cataract Refract Surg 2016; 41:2069-74. [PMID: 26703281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2015.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the capacity of straylight and disk halo size to diagnose cataract. SETTING Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain. DESIGN Prospective study. METHODS Straylight, disk halo radius, and high-contrast corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) measurements were compared between patients with age-related cataract and age-matched normal-sighted control subjects by calculating the area under the curve (AUC) receiver operating characteristic. RESULTS Measurements were made in 53 eyes of 53 patients with a mean age of 67.94 years ± 7.11 (SD) and 31 eyes of 31 controls with a mean age 66.06 ± 5.43 years. Significantly worse (P < .001) mean straylight (1.38 ± 0.24 log[s]), mean disk halo radius (2.40 ± 0.18 log minutes of arc [arcmin]), and mean CDVA (0.17 ± 0.11 logMAR) were recorded in the cataract group than in the control group (1.17 ± 0.11 log[s], 2.10 ± 0.16 log arcmin, and 0.08 ± 0.08 logMAR). Significant differences in AUCs were observed for disk halo radius (0.89 ± 0.04) versus straylight (0.77 ± 0.05) (P = .03) and disk halo radius versus CDVA (0.72 ± 0.05) (P = .001). The comparison of disk halo radius versus the discriminant function with input from CDVA and straylight (0.80 ± 0.05) was at the limit of significance only (0.091 ± 0.05, P = .051). CONCLUSION Although all 3 variables discriminated well between normal eyes and eyes with cataract, the disk halo radius showed the best diagnostic capacity. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE Neither author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Palomo-Álvarez
- From the Applied Vision Research Group, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María C Puell
- From the Applied Vision Research Group, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Puell MC, Pérez-Carrasco MJ, Hurtado-Ceña FJ, Álvarez-Rementería L. Disk halo size measured in individuals with monofocal versus diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses. J Cataract Refract Surg 2016; 41:2417-23. [PMID: 26703491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2015.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare disk halo size in response to a glare source in eyes with an aspheric apodized diffractive multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) or aspheric monofocal IOL. SETTING Rementeria Ophthalmological Clinic, Madrid, Spain. DESIGN Prospective randomized masked study. METHOD Halo radius was measured using a vision monitor (MonCv3) with low-luminance optotypes in eyes that had cataract surgery and bilateral implantion of an Acrysof Restor SN6AD1 multifocal IOL or Acrysof IQ monofocal IOL 6 to 9 months previously. The visual angle subtended by the disk halo radius was calculated in minutes of arc (arcmin). Patient complaints of halo disturbances were recorded. Monocular uncorrected distance visual acutity (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) were measured using high-contrast (96%) and low-contrast (10%) logMAR letter charts. RESULTS The study comprised 39 eyes of 39 subjects (aged 70 to 80 years); 21 eyes had a multifocal IOL and 18 eyes a monofocal IOL. The mean halo radius was 35 arcmin larger in the multifocal IOL group than the monofocal group (P < .05). Greater halo effects were reported in the multifocal IOL group (P < .05). The mean monocular high-contrast UDVA and low-contrast UDVA did not vary significantly between groups, whereas the mean monocular high-contrast CDVA and low-contrast CDVA were significantly worse at 0.12 logMAR and 0.13 logMAR in the multifocal than in the monofocal IOL group, respectively (P < .01). A significant positive correlation was detected by multiple linear regression between the halo radius and low-contrast UDVA in the multifocal IOL group (r = 0.72, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The diffractive multifocal IOL gave rise to a larger disk halo size, which was correlated with a worse low-contrast UDVA. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE None of the authors has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Puell
- From the Applied Vision Research Group (Puell, Pérez-Carrasco), Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, and Clínica Rementería (Hurtado-Ceña, Álvarez-Rementería), Madrid, Spain.
| | - M J Pérez-Carrasco
- From the Applied Vision Research Group (Puell, Pérez-Carrasco), Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, and Clínica Rementería (Hurtado-Ceña, Álvarez-Rementería), Madrid, Spain
| | - F J Hurtado-Ceña
- From the Applied Vision Research Group (Puell, Pérez-Carrasco), Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, and Clínica Rementería (Hurtado-Ceña, Álvarez-Rementería), Madrid, Spain
| | - L Álvarez-Rementería
- From the Applied Vision Research Group (Puell, Pérez-Carrasco), Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, and Clínica Rementería (Hurtado-Ceña, Álvarez-Rementería), Madrid, Spain
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