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Han L, Du Z. Evaluation of eye-catching effect in highway tunnel entrance area based on saccade behavior. Traffic Inj Prev 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38634777 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2024.2342014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of visual attraction in the entrance areas of highway tunnels on drivers' saccade behavior and driving safety, with the objective of providing insights for tunnel entrance design and driver education. METHODS Fifty participants were recruited for the naturalistic driving experiment. Four different visually attractive driving scenarios (baseline, landscape-style architecture, tip slogan, and billboard) were selected. Eye-tracking technology was utilized to record and analyze the scanning behavior of participating drivers. Various metrics, including saccade duration, frequency, amplitude, velocity, and the peak-to-average ratio of saccade velocity (PARSV), were measured and compared across different scenarios. RESULTS The results revealed different patterns of visual scanning dynamics among the four experimental scenarios, reflecting the different levels of visual-cognitive demands and situation awareness of drivers. The visual attraction in the tunnel entrance area resulted in prolonged saccade duration, increased saccade amplitude, reduced saccade frequency, and slower, less stable saccade velocity. Among these, drivers exhibited the most intricate and unstable scanning behavior, accompanied by the lowest level of situational awareness, particularly under the influence of visual attraction of tip slogan. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the importance of considering visual attraction in tunnel entrance design. Minimizing unnecessary visual attraction can help reduce distractions and maintain driver attention, ultimately enhancing driving safety. Driver education programs should emphasize the significance of adapting to visual attraction at tunnel entrances to promote safer driving practices. Overall, this study contributes valuable insights into the effects of visual attraction on driver scanning behavior, facilitating the development of strategies to improve tunnel design and driver education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhigang Du
- School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Ritchey ER, Gregory HR, Nti AN, Berntsen DA. Intraocular Straylight and Multifocal Soft Contact Lens Fit With a Myopia Control Approach. Eye Contact Lens 2024; 50:171-176. [PMID: 38345090 PMCID: PMC10963149 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000001069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Center-distance multifocal contact lenses (MFCLs) are used to slow myopia progression. We examined the effect of two MFCLs on intraocular straylight values in myopic individuals. METHODS Twenty-five young myopic adults were enrolled and were fit with three contact lenses (Biofinity sphere, Biofinity Multifocal, and NaturalVue Multifocal) in a random order over two study visits. Pupil size (NeurOptics VIP-300, Laguna Hills, CA) and contact lens centration were measured. Right eye intraocular straylight measurements were collected (OCULUS C-Quant; Wetzlar, Germany) and compared with a spectacle trial lens. Log straylight (LogSL) values and straylight residuals were analyzed using repeated-measures analyses of variance with Tukey-corrected post hoc t -tests. RESULTS The mean participant age (±SD) was 24.1±1.5 years, and right eye spherical equivalent refractive error was -3.38±1.53 DS. There was no difference in mesopic pupil size between visits ( P =0.68) and no difference in contact lens centration between lenses ( P =0.99). LogSL values differed by lens type ( P =0.004). LogSL with the spectacle trial lens was significantly greater than with each contact lens type (all P <0.05), but there were no significant differences in LogSL between the three contact lenses (all P >0.05). There was no difference between the three contact lens designs for straylight residuals ( P =0.33). CONCLUSIONS Measured intraocular straylight for both MFCLs was not different than with a spherical soft contact lens. A significant increase in intraocular straylight with spectacle trial lens correction was observed compared with all contact lenses.
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Wu J, Li X, Huang Y, Luo Y, Zhang S, Cui Z, Hou F, Bao J, Chen H. Effect of myopia-control lenses on central and peripheral visual performance in myopic children. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2024; 44:249-257. [PMID: 38071500 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the short-term effects of three myopia-control lenses, which impose peripheral myopic defocus while providing clear central vision, on central and peripheral visual performance in myopic children. METHODS Twenty-one myopic children were enrolled in the study. Central visual performance was assessed using the quick contrast sensitivity function. Peripheral visual performance was evaluated by measuring peripheral contrast threshold and global motion perception, while subjects maintained fixation through the central portion of the lens. Single-vision spectacle lenses (SVL), spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets (HAL) and defocus-incorporated soft contact (DISC) lenses were evaluated in random order, followed by orthokeratology (OK) lenses. All tests were performed monocularly on the right eye. RESULTS The area under the log contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF) with DISC lenses was lower than that with SVL (1.14 vs. 1.40, p < 0.001) and HAL (1.14 vs. 1.33, p = 0.001). HAL increased the temporal visual field contrast threshold compared with OK lenses (p = 0.04), and OK lenses decreased the superior visual field contrast threshold compared with that of SVL (p = 0.04) and HAL (p = 0.005). HAL also increased the peripheral coherence threshold for identifying the contraction movement compared with OK lenses (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The short-term use of these optical interventions for myopia control exhibited measurable differences in central and peripheral visual performance. Relevant attention could be paid to these differences, especially when children switch to different treatments. DISC lenses exhibited worse central contrast sensitivity than SVL and HAL. Imposing peripheral defocus signals did not affect children's peripheral visual performance compared with SVL. However, considering the poorer peripheral visual performance provided by HAL, OK lenses are recommended for children if there are specific demands for global scene recognition and motion perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqian Wu
- National Engineering Research Centre of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- National Engineering Research Centre of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- National Engineering Research Centre of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yifan Luo
- National Engineering Research Centre of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- National Engineering Research Centre of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zaifeng Cui
- National Engineering Research Centre of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fang Hou
- National Engineering Research Centre of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Bao
- National Engineering Research Centre of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- National Engineering Research Centre of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Martínez-Plaza E, Zamora Castro C, Molina-Martín A, Piñero DP. Safety, Efficacy, and Visual Performance of an Orthokeratology Lens with Increased Compression Factor. J Clin Med 2024; 13:587. [PMID: 38276091 PMCID: PMC10815969 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and visual performance of an orthokeratology lens with an increased compression factor (ICF) of 1.25 D in a 3-month follow-up. Thirty-six myopic patients (5 males and 31 females; 24.2 ± 5.8 years) were fitted with Alexa AR (Tiedra Farmacéutica S.L., Madrid, Spain) contact lenses (CLs) and twenty participants finished the follow-up. Visual acuity (VA), subjective refraction, primary spherical and primary coma aberrations, keratometry, central pachymetry, and ocular surface evaluation were performed at baseline and after 1 night, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months of CL wear. The differences among visits were analyzed using a repeated-measures analysis of variance or the Friedman test. The spherical equivalent decreased (p ≤ 0.005), and the uncorrected VA improved (p < 0.001) until the first week. Corneal and ocular aberrations showed a significant increase (p ≤ 0.02). A significant decrease (p < 0.001) was found for keratometry values. No significant changes were observed in either central pachymetry or ocular surface parameters among study visits. In conclusion, an orthokeratology CL with an ICF of 1.25 D provides good safety, efficacy, and visual performance in a 3-month follow-up. Seven days of orthokeratology wear are enough to achieve the full myopic compensation, resulting in satisfactory VA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Martínez-Plaza
- Group of Optics and Visual Perception, Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (E.M.-P.); (C.Z.C.); (A.M.-M.)
- University of Valladolid, 47001 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Zamora Castro
- Group of Optics and Visual Perception, Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (E.M.-P.); (C.Z.C.); (A.M.-M.)
| | - Ainhoa Molina-Martín
- Group of Optics and Visual Perception, Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (E.M.-P.); (C.Z.C.); (A.M.-M.)
| | - David P. Piñero
- Group of Optics and Visual Perception, Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain; (E.M.-P.); (C.Z.C.); (A.M.-M.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vithas Medimar International Hospital, 03016 Alicante, Spain
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Han L, Du Z, He S. The evaluation of eye-catching effect in freeway tunnel entrance zone based on fixation behavior characteristics. Traffic Inj Prev 2024; 25:122-132. [PMID: 38019558 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2023.2280950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The visual attraction of the freeway tunnel entrance zone will affect the driver's visual performance and visual workload, and then affect the driving safety. The purpose of this study is to explore the influence of different visual attraction conditions in the entrance zone of the freeway tunnel on driver's fixation behavior, and then evaluate the impact of eye-catching effect on driving safety. METHODS Thirty-five participants were recruited for the naturalistic driving experiment. Four different visually attractive driving scenarios (baseline, landscape-style architecture, tip slogan, and billboard) were selected. Participants' fixation behavior data were collected using an eye-tracking device. The effects of the visual attraction conditions in the freeway tunnel entrance zones were analyzed on driver fixation duration, number of fixations, fixation deviation, and pupil diameter. RESULTS The results demonstrated significant effects of different visual attractions in the entrance zone of the freeway tunnel on drivers' fixation behavior. Under the visual attraction of the billboard, drivers exhibited the most number of fixations. And under the visual attraction of tip slogan, drivers had the longest average fixation duration, the smallest horizontal fixation deviation, the largest vertical fixation deviation, and the highest pupil diameter and its coefficient of variation. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that different visual attractions in the freeway tunnel entrance zone have different effects on the eye-catching effect of drivers, by influencing the fixation behavior characteristics of drivers. Billboard is most effective in capturing drivers' visual attention, and tip slogan requires greater attention allocation and visual cognitive effort from drivers, resulting in the highest visual cognitive workload. This study highlights the complex relationship between visual attraction and its performance on driver fixation behavior. The insights from this study can provide valuable references for the design and optimization of the visual environment in the entrance zone of freeway tunnels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhigang Du
- School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiming He
- School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ye C, Kwapong WR, Tang B, Liu J, Tao W, Lu K, Pan R, Wang A, Liao L, Yang T, Cao L, Wang Y, Jiang S, Zhang X, Liu M, Wu B. Association between functional network connectivity, retina structure and microvasculature, and visual performance in patients after thalamic stroke: An exploratory multi-modality study. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3385. [PMID: 38376035 PMCID: PMC10794127 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Neuro-ophthalmologic symptoms and retinal changes have been increasingly observed following thalamic stroke, and there is mounting evidence indicating distinct alterations occurring in the vision-related functional network. However, the intrinsic correlations between these changes are not yet fully understood. Our objective was to explore the altered patterns of functional network connectivity and retina parameters, and their correlations with visual performance in patients with thalamic stroke. METHODS We utilized resting-state functional MRI to obtain multi-modular functional connectivity (FC), and optical coherence tomography-angiography to measure various retina parameters, such as the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), superficial vascular complex (SVC), and deep vascular complex. Visual acuity (VA) was used as a metric for visual performance. RESULTS We included 46 patients with first-ever unilateral thalamic stroke (mean age 59.74 ± 10.02 years, 33 males). Significant associations were found between FC of attention-to-default mode and SVC, RNFL, and GCIPL, as well as between FC of attention-to-visual and RNFL (p < .05). Both RNFL and GCIPL exhibited significant associations with FC of visual-to-visual (p < .05). Only GCIPL showed an association with VA (p = .038). Stratified analysis based on a disease duration of 6 months revealed distinct and significant linking patterns in multi-modular FC and specific retina parameters, with varying correlations with VA in each subgroup. CONCLUSION These findings provide valuable insight into the neural basis of the associations between brain network dysfunction and impaired visual performance in patients with thalamic stroke. Our novel findings have the potential to inform future targeted and individualized therapies. However, further comprehensive studies are necessary to validate our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ye
- Department of NeurologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Center of Cerebrovascular DiseasesWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - William Robert Kwapong
- Department of NeurologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Center of Cerebrovascular DiseasesWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Biqiu Tang
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Department of NeurologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Center of Cerebrovascular DiseasesWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Wendan Tao
- Department of NeurologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Center of Cerebrovascular DiseasesWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of NeurologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ruosu Pan
- Department of NeurologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Anmo Wang
- Department of NeurologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lanhua Liao
- Department of NeurologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Tang Yang
- Department of NeurologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Le Cao
- Department of NeurologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Youjie Wang
- Department of NeurologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of NeurologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xuening Zhang
- Department of NeurologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of NeurologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Center of Cerebrovascular DiseasesWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of NeurologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Center of Cerebrovascular DiseasesWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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LoBue SA, Martin CR, Benson KK, Trosclair KB, Shelby CL, Coleman III WT. The Role of Early Nd:YAG Laser Capsulotomy in Improving Visual Performance in Mild to Moderately Symptomatic Trifocal Patients. Clin Ophthalmol 2023; 17:3991-4000. [PMID: 38148832 PMCID: PMC10750775 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s448784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the effect of early Nd:YAG (neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet) laser capsulotomy on objective and subjective visual quality in symptomatic trifocal intraocular lens (IOL) patients. Methods A single-center, prospective study examined symptomatic patients after bilateral cataract extraction with trifocal IOL implantation. A ten-question survey was conducted one month after surgery. Study endpoints included the assessment of monocular and binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA), contrast sensitivity (CS), and subjective visual quality before and after Nd:YAG capsulotomy prior to 4 months after cataract surgery. Results A total of 38 eyes from 21 patients were included with a TFAT00 (n = 23) or TFAT30-60 (n = 15). Overall satisfaction with the IOL was 8.55 ± 1.77 (range 5-10). A Nd:YAG capsulotomy was performed at 55 ± 26 days. Monocular UDVA and UNVA > 20/25 before Nd:YAG were 53.0% and 42.0%, which improved post-Nd:YAG to 63.0% and 66.0%, respectively (P = 0.41, P = 0.051). Binocular UDVA and UNVA >20/25 before Nd:YAG were 82.0% and 63.0%, which increased to 97% and 97%, respectively (P < 0.05, P < 0.001). CS increased in all post-Nd:YAG capsulotomies (P < 0.01). The presence of glare was documented at 74% pre-Nd:YAG, which decreased to 41% post-Nd:YAG (P < 0.01). Glare which limited activities was documented at 24%, which decreased to 5% post-Nd:YAG (P = 0.21). Conclusion Early treatment of posterior capsule opacities in mild to moderately dissatisfied trifocal IOL patients may be beneficial in improving CS, visual quality, and reducing the presence and severity of dysphotopsias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A LoBue
- Department of Ophthalmology, Willis-Knighton Medical Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Curtis R Martin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Willis-Knighton Medical Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Krysta K Benson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Willis-Knighton Medical Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Krystle B Trosclair
- Department of Graduate Medical Education, Statistics, Willis-Knighton Medical Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Christopher L Shelby
- Department of Ophthalmology, Willis-Knighton Medical Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Wyche T Coleman III
- Department of Ophthalmology, Willis-Knighton Medical Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
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Liu Y, Ren X, Wan Y, Yang L, Zhang R, Li X. Evaluation of visual performance and eye movements in patients with blue light-filtering intraocular lenses versus ultraviolet light-filtering intraocular lenses. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1207853. [PMID: 38178836 PMCID: PMC10764626 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1207853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Eye movement plays an important role in visual perception and provides essential visual information for everyday tasks. Our previous study indicated that the visual performance and eye movement pattern were impaired in age-related cataract patients and could be improved after cataract surgery, but the impact of different intraocular lens (IOL) types was obscure. Previous studies found that blue light might affect the eye movement pattern and cognitive function. In this study, we explored the visual performance and eye movement pattern in post-cataract surgery patients implanted with blue light-filtering IOLs or ultraviolet (UV) light-filtering IOLs to further understand the impact of different types of IOLs on and daily visual performance and eye movement pattern and to help ophthalmologists and patients make the personalized option of IOL types in future. Methods Patients after both-eye cataract surgeries were included in this study. Eye movement behaviors were automatically recorded by an eye tracker while performing three performance-based everyday tasks (non-social object search, face recognition, and reading). Visual performance and eye movement parameters were compared between participants with blue light-filtering IOLs and UV light-filtering IOLs. The correlation between visual performance and eye movement parameters was explored to determine which eye movement parameters had a significant influence on visual performance outcomes. Results A total of 30 patients (16 with blue light-filtering IOLs and 14 with UV light-filtering IOLs) were included. In this study, we found that the eye movement pattern was slightly different with these two IOLs: during non-social object visual search task, time to first fixation and fixation counts before first fixation were notably increased in yellow-tinted blue light-filtering IOL patients. During reading task, a higher total fixation count was also found in blue light-filtering IOL patients. However, the visual performance of these two IOLs was close, except for a quicker search of the target object with clear UV light-filtering IOLs. Conclusion Both blue light-filtering and UV light-filtering IOLs were able to successfully restore visual function and yield satisfactory outcomes after cataract surgery. Although subtle, yellow-tinted IOLs did have a slight but significant impact on visual performance and the eye movement pattern of elderly patients when handling everyday tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotong Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Luling Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health and Family Planning Commission, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Ju RH, Qu HK, Wu ZM, Chen Y, Wu LN, Long Y, Wang Z. Comparison of visual performance with iTrace analyzer following femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery with bilateral implantation of two different trifocal intraocular lenses. Int J Ophthalmol 2023; 16:1773-1781. [PMID: 38028512 PMCID: PMC10626356 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2023.11.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare the postoperative binocular visual performance with an iTrace analyzer following femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) combined with bilateral implantation of two different types of diffractive trifocal intraocular lenses (IOL). METHODS During this retrospective observational study, patients who received bilateral FLACS combined with implantation of two different types of diffractive trifocal IOLs were evaluated. According to the IOLs' different types and design, the patients were divided into AT LISA tri839MP group (tri839 group) and AcrySof PanOptix TFNT00 group (TFNT group). Study parameters included preoperative and postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) at 5 m, uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA) at 30 cm and 40 cm, uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA) at 60 cm and 80 cm, postoperative refractive status, objective visual qualities and total high order aberrations (HOAs) postoperatively. The postoperative complications were also recorded. RESULTS Totally 56 eyes of 28 patients (tri839 group, n=26; TFNT group, n=30) were included. Preoperative baseline characteristics between groups were not statistically significantly different. UDVA was not significantly different between groups except for 1wk follow-up due to the postoperative corneal edema. TFNT group showed statistically significant better UNIA at 60 cm than tri839 group at the 1wk (0.05±0.19 vs 0.15±0.10 logMAR, P=0.013), 1mo (0.05±0.12 vs 0.15±0.09 logMAR, P=0.001) and 3mo (0.04±0.12 vs 0.15±0.11 logMAR, P=0.001) follow-up, while tri839 group showed statistically significant better UNIA at 80 cm than TFNT group at the 1d (0.14±0.15 vs 0.20±0.14 logMAR, P=0.041) and 1mo (0.09±0.07 vs 0.14±0.10 logMAR, P=0.042) follow-up. Postoperative refractive status showed stable at every visit. Modulated transfer function (MTF) values and strehl ratio (SR) values were improved and HOAs were lower significantly after surgery. CONCLUSION FLACS with bilateral implantations of both tri839 and TFNT00 can achieve satisfactory natural whole-course vision, high postoperative refractive stability and good visual quality but without significantly difference. iTrace aberration instrument can accurately evaluate the visual quality under different status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Hong Ju
- Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510071, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hao-Kun Qu
- Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510071, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhe-Ming Wu
- Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510071, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510071, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Nan Wu
- Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510071, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuan Long
- Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510071, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Aier Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510071, Guangdong Province, China
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Briceno-Lopez C, Burguera-Giménez N, García-Domene MC, Díez-Ajenjo MA, Peris-Martínez C, Luque MJ. Corneal Edema after Cataract Surgery. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6751. [PMID: 37959216 PMCID: PMC10647590 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review investigates the prevalence and underlying causes of corneal edema following cataract surgery employing manual phacoemulsification. A comprehensive search encompassing databases such as PubMed, Embase, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, and Scopus was conducted, focusing on variables encompassing cataract surgery and corneal edema. Two independent reviewers systematically extracted pertinent data from 103 articles, consisting of 62 theoretical studies and 41 clinical trials. These studies delved into various aspects related to corneal edema after cataract surgery, including endothelial cell loss, pachymetry measurements, visual performance, surgical techniques, supplies, medications, and assessments of endothelial and epithelial barriers. This review, encompassing an extensive analysis of 3060 records, revealed significant correlations between corneal edema and endothelial cell loss during phacoemulsification surgery. Factors such as patient age, cataract grade, and mechanical stress were identified as contributors to endothelial cell loss. Furthermore, pachymetry and optical coherence tomography emerged as valuable diagnostic tools for assessing corneal edema. In conclusion, this systematic review underscores the link between corneal edema and endothelial cell loss in manual phacoemulsification cataract surgery. It highlights the relevance of factors like patient demographics and diagnostic modalities. However, further research is essential to unravel the complexities of refractive changes and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Briceno-Lopez
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, Faculty of Physics, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain; (N.B.-G.); (M.C.G.-D.); (M.A.D.-A.); (M.J.L.)
- Cátedra Alcon—FOM—UVEG, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Neus Burguera-Giménez
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, Faculty of Physics, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain; (N.B.-G.); (M.C.G.-D.); (M.A.D.-A.); (M.J.L.)
- Cátedra Alcon—FOM—UVEG, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - M. Carmen García-Domene
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, Faculty of Physics, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain; (N.B.-G.); (M.C.G.-D.); (M.A.D.-A.); (M.J.L.)
- Cátedra Alcon—FOM—UVEG, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - M. Amparo Díez-Ajenjo
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, Faculty of Physics, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain; (N.B.-G.); (M.C.G.-D.); (M.A.D.-A.); (M.J.L.)
- Cátedra Alcon—FOM—UVEG, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Cristina Peris-Martínez
- Anterior Segment and Cornea and External Eye Diseases Unit, Fundación de Oftalmología Médica, Av. Pío Baroja 12, E-46015 Valencia, Spain;
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de València, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, E-46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - M. José Luque
- Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, Faculty of Physics, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain; (N.B.-G.); (M.C.G.-D.); (M.A.D.-A.); (M.J.L.)
- Cátedra Alcon—FOM—UVEG, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain
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Mosayebi F, Tabatabaee SM, Kangari H, Rahmani S. Effect of changing mesopic and photopic light conditions on visual functions. Int J Ophthalmol 2023; 16:1287-1292. [PMID: 37602349 PMCID: PMC10398513 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2023.08.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the effects of change in light conditions on refractive error and visual functions including visual acuity, stereopsis and contrast sensitivity. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in the optometry clinic of the Shahid Beheshti School of Rehabilitation on 48 students in 2021-2022. All of them had eye health and normal visual function and could have refractive errors or not. Light intensity of 4 lx was considered equivalent to photopic light condition and light intensity of 1 lx was considered to be equivalent to mesopic light condition. The amount of refractive error was checked by auto refractometer and its changes in mesopic light condition were subjectively measured. Also, visual acuity, stereopsis and contrast sensitivity (in five spatial frequencies of 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles per degree), were measured first in photopic light condition and then in mesopic light condition, by Snellen control vision chart, stereo butterfly test and the M&S technology monitor test respectively. RESULTS In the 48 student subjects with an average age of 22.69±3.56y, mean of refractive error as sphere equivalent, visual acuity and stereopsis were -1.25±1.74 diopters, 0 logMAR, 44.37±13.03 seconds of arc, respectively in photopic light condition while in mesopic light was equal to -1.56±1.75 diopters, 0.12±0.09 logMAR and 50.62±33.35 seconds of arc, respectively. The mean of contrast sensitivity measured at spatial frequencies of 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles per degree in photopic condition was equal to 2.38±0.04, 2.37±0.07, 2.04±0.21, 1.27±0.32, 0.82±0.27 logarithm of contrast sensitivity, respectively and in mesopic lighting condition was equal to 2.34±0.12, 2.30±0.16, 1.84±0.28, 1.02±0.28, 0.63±0.24 logarithm of contrast sensitivity, respectively. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the two lighting conditions in all evaluated variables [refractive error (P<0.001), visual acuity (P<0.001), stereopsis (P=0.008) and contrast sensitivity (P<0.001)]. CONCLUSION The refractive error of the student subjects in mesopic light condition change towards myopia, and its amount is clinically significant. Also, the examination and comparison of the factors of visual acuity, stereopsis and contrast sensitivity in these two lighting conditions show that the decrease in brightness level to the mesopic level causes a decrease in the aforementioned visual functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mosayebi
- Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mehdi Tabatabaee
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Haleh Kangari
- Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Saeed Rahmani
- Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
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Ahn SY, Jung EH, Ahn H, Lee JS, Bak JH, Kim ED, Song JH, Shin HS, Jamiyansharav M, Seo KY. Automatic measurement of mouse visual acuity based on optomotor response: SKY optomotry. Lab Anim 2023; 57:412-423. [PMID: 36708198 DOI: 10.1177/00236772221148576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In the field of visual science study using rodents, several assessment methods have been developed for measuring visual function. However, methods such as electroretinograms tests, visual evoked potentials tests and maze tests have limitations in that they measure function of only a specific type of cells, are difficult to quantify or require sufficient training time. The method which uses an optokinetic reflex and optomotor response, a compensatory eye and head movement in response to changes in the visual scene, became the most widely used method. However, this method requires highly trained experimenters and is time consuming. We showed that measured visual acuity values are significantly different between beginner and expert. Here we suggest an automated optometry program, 'SKY optomotry', which automatically tracks rodents' optomotor response to overcome subjectivity and the lengthy scoring procedure of the existing method. To evaluate the performance of SKY optomotry using 8-12-week-old C57BL/6 mice we compared the binomial decision of SKY optomotry with a skilled expert, and the area under the curve of SKY optomotry was 0.845. Comparing the final visual acuity, the intraclass correlation coefficient value between SKY optomotry and an expert was 0.860 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.709-0.928), whereas that between an expert and a beginner was 0.642 (95% CI 0.292-0.811). SKY optomotry showed an excellent level of performance with good inter-rater agreements based on the visual acuity measured by an expert. With the use of our application, researchers will be able to test an experimental animal's eyesight more accurately while saving time on specialized training.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Ahn
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Jung
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunmin Ahn
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihei Sara Lee
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyeon Bak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-do Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, USA
| | - Ja-Hyun Song
- Korea Mouse Sensory Phenotyping Center (KMSPC), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Sol Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
- Korea Mouse Sensory Phenotyping Center (KMSPC), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kyoung Yul Seo
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
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Post TE, Schmitz J, Denney C, De Gioannis R, Weis H, Pesta D, Peter A, Birkenfeld AL, Haufe S, Tegtbur U, Frings-Meuthen P, Ewald AC, Aeschbach D, Jordan J. Oral fructose intake does not improve exercise, visual, or cognitive performance during acute normobaric hypoxia in healthy humans. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1170873. [PMID: 37545589 PMCID: PMC10402737 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1170873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The ability to metabolize fructose to bypass the glucose pathway in near-anaerobic conditions appears to contribute to the extreme hypoxia tolerance of the naked-mole rats. Therefore, we hypothesized that exogenous fructose could improve endurance capacity and cognitive performance in humans exposed to hypoxia. Methods In a randomized, double-blind, crossover study, 26 healthy adults (9 women, 17 men; 28.8 ± 8.1 (SD) years) ingested 75 g fructose, 82.5 g glucose, or placebo during acute hypoxia exposure (13% oxygen in a normobaric hypoxia chamber, corresponding to oxygen partial pressure at altitude of ~3,800 m) on separate days. We measured exercise duration, heart rate, SpO2, blood gasses, and perceived exertion during a 30-min incremental load test followed by Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue (FM-100) color vision testing and the unstable tracking task (UTT) to probe eye-hand coordination performance. Results Exercise duration in hypoxia was 21.13 ± 0.29 (SEM) min on fructose, 21.35 ± 0.29 min on glucose, and 21.35 ± 0.29 min on placebo (p = 0.86). Heart rate responses and perceived exertion did not differ between treatments. Total error score (TES) during the FM-100 was 47.1 ± 8.0 on fructose, 45.6 ± 7.6 on glucose and 53.3 ± 9.6 on placebo (p = 0.35) and root mean square error (RMSE) during the UTT was 15.1 ± 1.0, 15.1 ± 1.0 and 15.3 ± 0.9 (p = 0.87). Discussion We conclude that oral fructose intake in non-acclimatized healthy humans does not acutely improve exercise performance and cognitive performance during moderate hypoxia. Thus, hypoxia tolerance in naked mole-rats resulting from oxygen-conserving fructose utilization, cannot be easily reproduced in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titiaan E. Post
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Human Drug Research (CHDR), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jan Schmitz
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Cayla Denney
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Riccardo De Gioannis
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Department III for Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Heart Center, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Henning Weis
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dominik Pesta
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas L. Birkenfeld
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sven Haufe
- Clinic for Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Uwe Tegtbur
- Clinic for Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Petra Frings-Meuthen
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Ann C. Ewald
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Aeschbach
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Jordan
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Gallina J, Marsicano G, Romei V, Bertini C. Electrophysiological and Behavioral Effects of Alpha-Band Sensory Entrainment: Neural Mechanisms and Clinical Applications. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051399. [PMID: 37239069 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-band (7-13 Hz) activity has been linked to visuo-attentional performance in healthy participants and to impaired functionality of the visual system in a variety of clinical populations including patients with acquired posterior brain lesion and neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Crucially, several studies suggested that short uni- and multi-sensory rhythmic stimulation (i.e., visual, auditory and audio-visual) administered in the alpha-band effectively induces transient changes in alpha oscillatory activity and improvements in visuo-attentional performance by synchronizing the intrinsic brain oscillations to the external stimulation (neural entrainment). The present review aims to address the current state of the art on the alpha-band sensory entrainment, outlining its potential functional effects and current limitations. Indeed, the results of the alpha-band entrainment studies are currently mixed, possibly due to the different stimulation modalities, task features and behavioral and physiological measures employed in the various paradigms. Furthermore, it is still unknown whether prolonged alpha-band sensory entrainment might lead to long-lasting effects at a neural and behavioral level. Overall, despite the limitations emerging from the current literature, alpha-band sensory entrainment may represent a promising and valuable tool, inducing functionally relevant changes in oscillatory activity, with potential rehabilitative applications in individuals characterized by impaired alpha activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gallina
- Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Via Rasi e Spinelli 176, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40121 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Marsicano
- Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Via Rasi e Spinelli 176, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40121 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Romei
- Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Via Rasi e Spinelli 176, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40121 Bologna, Italy
| | - Caterina Bertini
- Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Bologna, Via Rasi e Spinelli 176, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40121 Bologna, Italy
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Williamson CA, Morganti JJ, Smithson HE. Bright-light distractions and visual performance. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1088975. [PMID: 37333576 PMCID: PMC10274319 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1088975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual distractions pose a significant risk to transportation safety, with laser attacks against aircraft pilots being a common example. This study used a research-grade High Dynamic Range (HDR) display to produce bright-light distractions for 12 volunteer participants performing a combined visual task across central and peripheral visual fields. The visual scene had an average luminance of 10 cd∙m-2 with targets of approximately 0.5° angular size, while the distractions had a maximum luminance of 9,000 cd∙m-2 and were 3.6° in size. The dependent variables were the mean fixation duration during task execution (representative of information processing time), and the critical stimulus duration required to support a target level of performance (representative of task efficiency). The experiment found a statistically significant increase in mean fixation duration, rising from 192 ms without distractions to 205 ms with bright-light distractions (p = 0.023). This indicates a decrease in visibility of the low contrast targets or an increase in cognitive workload that required greater processing time for each fixation in the presence of the bright-light distractions. Mean critical stimulus duration was not significantly affected by the distraction conditions used in this study. Future experiments are suggested to replicate driving and/or piloting tasks and employ bright-light distractions based on real-world data, and we advocate the use of eye-tracking metrics as sensitive measures of changes in performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A. Williamson
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Dstl Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jari J. Morganti
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah E. Smithson
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Chen Y, Ding C, Li X, Huang Y, Zhou F, Drobe B, Chen H, Bao J. Comparison of visual performance between peripheral gradient high-addition multifocal soft contact lenses and orthokeratology. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2023. [PMID: 37040082 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term effects of peripheral gradient high-addition multifocal soft contact lenses (MFSCLs) and orthokeratology (Ortho-K lenses) on visual performance in myopic children. METHODS Thirty myopic children participated in this prospective study. Each participant wore different sets of lenses in the following sequence: single-vision spectacles (SVSPs) as a control, MFSCLs and Ortho-K lenses. Ocular aberrations, topography, high-contrast visual acuity (HCVA), low-contrast visual acuity (LCVA) and accommodation of the right eye were measured with each type of correction on a different day. RESULTS Compared with SVSPs, high-addition MFSCLs and Ortho-K lenses significantly increased all items of aberrations (all p < 0.05) except trefoil (p = 0.17). MFSCLs induced less coma, root mean square of the third-order aberration (RMS3) and higher order aberrations than Ortho-K lenses (all p < 0.05). No significant difference in HCVA was found across the three correction types (F = 1.19, p = 0.39). In terms of LCVA, MFSCLs performed significantly poorer than SVSPs (difference, 0.16 logMAR; p = 0.001) and slightly worse than Ortho-K lenses (difference, 0.08 logMAR; p = 0.35). No significant difference in decentration was found between the two types of contact lenses, and no associations were observed between decentration and visual acuity at both high- and low-contrast levels (all p > 0.05). For MFSCLs, decentration was positively related to coma (r = 0.43, p = 0.02) and RMS3 (r = 0.44, p = 0.02), which was not the case for Ortho-K lenses. Accommodative facility was worse with MFSCLs than Ortho-K lenses (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Multifocal soft contact lenses differed from Ortho-K lenses in aberration profile and LCVA, although decentration was similar. Decentration <1 mm had minimal influence on both HCVA and LCVA for either type of correction, but significantly increased third-order aberrations for MFSCLs, but not Ortho-K lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Chen
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Medical University-Essilor International Research Center (WEIRC), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenglu Ding
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Li
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Medical University-Essilor International Research Center (WEIRC), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengchao Zhou
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Björn Drobe
- Wenzhou Medical University-Essilor International Research Center (WEIRC), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- R&D AMERA, Essilor International, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Hao Chen
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Medical University-Essilor International Research Center (WEIRC), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinhua Bao
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Wenzhou Medical University-Essilor International Research Center (WEIRC), Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Tilia D, Diec J, Ehrmann K, Falk D, Fedtke C, Conrad F, Wu R, Bakaraju RC. Visual Performance and Binocular/Accommodative Function of S.T.O.P. Contact Lenses Compared With MiSight. Eye Contact Lens 2023; 49:63-70. [PMID: 36282205 PMCID: PMC9875283 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to compare the visual performance and binocular/accommodative function of two novel S.T.O.P. design (F2 and DT) contact lenses against MiSight when worn by myopic, young adults. METHOD This was a prospective, randomized, cross-over, single-masked study. Each lens was worn daily wear with overnight peroxide disinfection for approximately 7 days. Visual performance was assessed with subjective ratings (0-100): clarity of vision and lack of ghosting (far away, intermediate, and near), vision when driving, overall vision satisfaction, and with monocular high-contrast and low-contrast visual acuity (HCVA/LCVA) at 6 m, binocular HCVA (6 m, 70 cm, 50 cm, and 40 cm), binocular LCVA (6 m and 70 cm). Binocular function was assessed with heterophorias (3 m and 40 cm). Accommodative function was assessed with monocular accommodative facility (AF: 40 cm) and dynamic monocular accommodative response (AR: 6 m, 70 cm, and 40 cm). RESULTS F2 was rated higher than MiSight for clarity of vision (near and intermediate) and lack-of-ghosting ( P <0.001), while MiSight was rated higher than DT for clarity of vision (near, P <0.001). MiSight was better than F2 and DT for monocular HCVA (6 m) and binocular HCVA (6 m and 40 cm, P ≤0.02), but the maximum difference was ≤2 letters. There were no differences between designs for heterophoria ( P =0.61) nor were there any differences between DT and MiSight for any accommodative measure ( P >0.1). F2 was higher for monocular-AF ( P =0.007) and lower for AR (70 cm and 40 cm; P ≤0.007) compared with MiSight. CONCLUSIONS The visual performance and binocular/accommodative function of S.T.O.P. designs F2 and DT were comparable with MiSight. F2 outperformed MiSight in some aspects of subjective visual performance and monocular accommodative function.
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Martino F, Castro-Torres JJ, Casares-López M, Ortiz-Peregrina S, Granados-Delgado P, Jiménez JR. Influence of Interocular Differences and Alcohol Consumption on Binocular Visual Performance. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:1751. [PMID: 36767115 PMCID: PMC9914044 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of a moderate breath-alcohol content (BrAC of 0.40 mg/L) on binocular visual performance for different visual functions after inducing different levels of interocular differences with the use of filters. A total of 26 healthy young subjects were enrolled. The participants participated in two sessions: one without alcohol consumption and another after alcohol consumption. In each session and for the different filter conditions (subjects were wearing Bangerter foil of 0.8 and BPM2 fog filter on the dominant eye), monocular and binocular visual function was evaluated by measuring visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, visual discrimination capacity (and successively by calculating their corresponding binocular summations) and stereopsis (near and distance stereoacuity). In addition, interocular differences were calculated for different retinal-image quality and straylight parameters. All monocular and binocular visual functions were analyzed and stereopsis was significantly impaired by alcohol and filters (p < 0.05). Interocular differences for different ocular parameters and binocular summations for visual parameters were negatively affected by filters but not alcohol. Significant correlations (averaging all the experimental conditions analyzed) were found, highlighting: the higher the interocular differences, the lower the binocular summation and the poorer the stereopsis and, therefore, the worse the binocular visual performance.
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Su B, Bao Z, Guo Y, Zheng H, Zhou J, Lu F, Jiang J. Changes in Shape Discrimination Sensitivity Under Glare Conditions After Orthokeratology in Myopic Children: A Prospective Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:6. [PMID: 36626175 PMCID: PMC9838587 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate changes in shape discrimination under mesopic conditions with and without glare after orthokeratology in myopic children. Methods This prospective study included 79 eyes of 79 myopic children (ages: 8-16 years). Shape discrimination thresholds (SDTs) were measured using radial frequency patterns, with a radial frequency of 4 cycles/360°, a peak spatial frequency of 3 cycles per degree, a contrast of 20%, and a mean radius of 1.5 degrees. SDT under mesopic conditions with and without glare was measured before orthokeratology and again at 1 week and 1 month after orthokeratology. Changes in the SDTs and their relationships to baseline ocular parameters were analyzed. Results SDTs with glare decreased significantly at 1 week (-0.08 ± 0.15 log(arcsec), P < 0.001) and 1 month (-0.09 ± 0.15 log(arcsec), P < 0.001) after orthokeratology. SDTs without glare remained stable (P = 0.81 and P = 1.00, respectively). The difference between SDTs with and without glare also decreased significantly at 1 week (-0.10 ± 0.17 log(arcsec), P < 0.001) and at 1 month (-0.08 ± 0.18 log(arcsec), P = 0.001) after orthokeratology. Based on a multivariate analysis, the greater decrease in SDT with glare after 1 month of orthokeratology was associated with a higher baseline spherical equivalent refraction. Conclusions Orthokeratology resulted in improved shape discrimination in myopic children under mesopic conditions but only when measured in the presence of glare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Su
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhishu Bao
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huihu Zheng
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fan Lu
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China
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de Lestrange-Anginieur E. Meridional Attentional Asymmetries in Astigmatic Eyes. Eye Brain 2023; 15:63-76. [PMID: 37200891 PMCID: PMC10188198 DOI: 10.2147/eb.s407481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the impact of attention orientation in young myopic adults with astigmatism. Methods The effect of attention on foveal meridional performance and anisotropy was measured in corrected myopes with various levels of astigmatism (with-the-rule astigmatism ≤ -0.75D, Axis: 180 ± 20) using orientation-based attention. Attention was manipulated by instructing subjects to attend to either the horizontal or the vertical line of a central pre-stimulus (a pulsed cross) along separate blocks of trials. For each attention condition, meridional acuity and reaction times were measured via an annulus Gabor target situated remotely from the cross and presented at random horizontally and vertically in a two-alternative forced-choice employing two interleaved staircase procedures (one-up/one-down). Attention modulations were estimated by the difference in performance between horizontal and vertical attention. Results Foveal meridional performance and anisotropy were strongly affected by the orientation of attention, which appeared critical for the enhancement of reaction times and resolution. Under congruent orienting of attention, foveal meridional anisotropy was correlated with the amount of defocus for both reaction time and resolution, demonstrating greater vertical performance than horizontal performance as myopia increased. Compatible with an attentional compensation of blur through optimal orienting of attention, vertical attention enhanced reaction times compared to horizontal attention and was accompanied by an increase in overall acuity when myopia increased. Increased astigmatism was associated with smaller attention effects and asymmetry, suggesting potential deficits in the compensation of blur in astigmatic eyes. Conclusion Collectively, attention to orientation plays a significant role in horizontal-vertical foveal meridional anisotropy and can modulate the asymmetry of foveal perception imposed by the optics of the eye in episodes of uncorrected vision. Further work is necessary to understand how attention and refractive errors interact during visual development. These results may have practical implications for methods to enhance vision with attention training in myopic astigmats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie de Lestrange-Anginieur
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Laboratory of Experimental Optometry, Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Correspondence: Elie de Lestrange-Anginieur, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Tel +8522766 4186, Fax +852 2764 6051, Email
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Chao C, Skidmore K, Tomiyama ES, Wolffsohn JS, Richdale K. Soft toric contact lens wear improves digital performance and vision-A randomised clinical trial. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2023; 43:25-34. [PMID: 36169043 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare objective and subjective digital near visual performance and comfort in low to moderate astigmatic participants fitted with toric versus spherical equivalent silicone hydrogel daily disposable contact lenses. METHODS This was a double-masked, randomised, crossover study. Participants aged 18 to 39 years with astigmatism of -0.75 to -1.50 D were recruited and fitted with toric and spherical contact lenses, in random order. Outcomes were measured at baseline and after 1 week of wear with each contact lens type after the follow-up visits. High- and low-contrast near logMAR visual acuity, automated visual acuity, zoom (%), contrast (%), reading distance (cm), critical print size (logMAR) and reading speed were assessed. Participants also completed the validated Near Activity Visual Questionnaire (NAVQ) and Contact Lens Dry Eye Questionnaire 8 (CLDEQ-8) for each correction type. RESULTS Twenty-three participants completed the study (74% female, average age 24.4 ± 4.2 years). When participants wore toric contact lenses, near high- and low-contrast visual acuity and automated visual acuity improved by 3-4 letters (all p < 0.03) and participants were able to read faster on an iPad (p = 0.02). Participants were also able to read with 8% less contrast on the iPad with toric lenses (p = 0.01). Participants reported better subjective vision on the overall NAVQ (p = 0.001) and better comfort on the CLDEQ-8 (p = 0.02) with toric lenses. Fewer participants reported difficulty with maintaining focus at near, reading small print, reading labels/instructions, reading the computer display/keyboard and reading post/mail with toric correction. CONCLUSIONS Toric contact lenses improve comfort, subjective and objective visual performance with digital devices and other near tasks compared with the spherical equivalent correction in participants with low to moderate astigmatism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Chao
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kelsea Skidmore
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Erin S Tomiyama
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Kathryn Richdale
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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22
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Yao C, Tian T, Gao C, Zhao S, Liu Q. Visual performance of painting colors based on psychological factors. Front Psychol 2022; 13:966571. [PMID: 36248445 PMCID: PMC9556761 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.966571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have been exploring colors since ancient times, but relatively complete color systems appeared one after another in the twentieth century. Even without language and other information exchanges, colors can still convey information and stimulate emotions. Therefore, color can have both physical and psychological effects on people. In this context, this paper studies the visual representation of painting colors based on psychological factors. The article studies the theory of personality traits and introduces the related content of visual psychology. To explore the relationship between each variable and color psychology and the visual representation of painting colors, a binary logistic regression analysis is performed. The colors in the post-impressionist paintings of Van Gogh and Gauguin is contrasted, and experiments on psychological factors and color research is conducted. The factors that affect the color tone of the picture and the influence of psychological factors on the judgment of color brightness are investigated. Finally, the correlation analysis of personality trait dimension and irrational behavior is carried out. The experimental results of the article show that after the analysis of variance, the significance levels of regression model 1 and model 2 both reach 0.000, and the adjusted R squares are 0.319 and 0.356, respectively. In this study, regression model 2 was selected as the final model. According to Model 2, the standardized regression coefficients of agreeableness and neuroticism are 0.438 and -0.251, respectively, and the significance of the regression coefficients are 0.000 and 0.021, respectively. The research on the visual performance of painting colors based on psychological factors has been well completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Yao
- Dongguk University, Art Academy, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tian Tian
- Dongguk University, Art Academy, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cai Gao
- Dongguk University, Art Academy, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shuangping Zhao
- College of Fine Arts, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingyan Liu
- College of Fine Arts, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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García-Marqués JV, Macedo-De-Araújo RJ, McAlinden C, Faria-Ribeiro M, Cerviño A, González-Méijome JM. Short-term tear film stability, optical quality and visual performance in two dual-focus contact lenses for myopia control with different optical designs. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2022; 42:1062-1073. [PMID: 35801815 PMCID: PMC9540637 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To assess and compare short‐term visual and optical quality and tear film stability between two dual‐focus (DF) prototype myopia control contact lenses (CLs) having different inner zone diameters. Methods Twenty‐eight myopic subjects were included in this randomised, double‐masked crossover study. Refraction, best‐corrected visual acuity (VA) and tear film stability were measured at baseline (i.e., when uncorrected). Subjects were then binocularly fitted with the DF CLs, with only the sensorial dominant eye being assessed. Lenses were of the same material and had inner zone diameters of either 2.1 mm (S design) or 4.0 mm (M design). Visual and physical short‐term lens comfort, over‐refraction, best‐corrected VA, stereopsis at 40 cm, best‐corrected photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity (CS), size and shape of light disturbance (LD), wavefront aberrations, subjective quality of vision (QoV Questionnaire) and tear film stability were measured for each lens. Results Both CL designs decreased tear film stability compared with baseline (p < 0.05). VA and photopic CS were within normal values for the subjects' age with each CL. When comparing lenses, the M design promoted better photopic CS for the 18 cycles per degree spatial frequency (p < 0.001) and better LD (p < 0.02). However, higher‐order aberrations were improved with the S design (p = 0.02). No significant difference between the two CLs was found for QoV scores and tear film stability. Conclusions Both DF CLs provided acceptable visual performance under photopic conditions. The 4.0 mm inner zone gave better contrast sensitivity at high frequencies and lower light disturbance, while the 2.1 mm central diameter induced fewer higher‐order aberrations for a 5 mm pupil diameter. Both CLs produced the same subjective visual short‐term lens comfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Vicente García-Marqués
- Optometry Research Group, Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rute Juliana Macedo-De-Araújo
- Clinical and Experimental Optometry Research Laboratory (CEORLab) Center of Physics (Optometry), School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Colm McAlinden
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, UK.,Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miguel Faria-Ribeiro
- Clinical and Experimental Optometry Research Laboratory (CEORLab) Center of Physics (Optometry), School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Alejandro Cerviño
- Optometry Research Group, Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Manuel González-Méijome
- Clinical and Experimental Optometry Research Laboratory (CEORLab) Center of Physics (Optometry), School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Hilmers J, Straßer T, Bach M, Stingl K, Zrenner E. Quantification of the Dynamic Visual Acuity Space at Real-World Luminances and Contrasts: The VA-CAL Test. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:12. [PMID: 35420645 PMCID: PMC9034710 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.4.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) is assessed at a single standardized luminance with maximum optotype contrast, not reflecting the constantly changing daily-life viewing conditions. For a more realistic estimation of visual performance at varying object contrasts (Cs) and ambient luminances (ALs), we developed a new VA test, VA-CAL. Methods Landolt-C-rings between 18% and 95% Weber contrast, were presented at 1 m distance (8 Alternative Forced Choice) on a 5.7 degree field in the middle of a frosted glass screen (66 degrees), back-lit by 3060 LEDs (generating ambient luminances between 0-10,000 cd/m²). Visual acuity (VA) was measured in 14 normally sighted participants twice for 8 conditions of ambient luminance and 6 conditions of contrast using a QUEST staircase procedure. Results VA improved continuously up to an ambient luminance of 3000 to 5000 cd/m² (best mean VA ± SEM: -0.47 ± 0.03 logMAR at C = 95%, AL = 3000 cd/m²), followed by a decline of VA at higher luminances with good test-retest variability. As expected, reduced contrast leads to a lower VA (worst mean VA ± SEM: -0.03 ± 0.03 logMAR at C = 18%, AL = 0 cd/m²). A 3D plot of these data shows the VA space (VAS) extending between the contrast and luminance axes, which describes the dynamics of VA continuously changing under varying everyday life conditions. Conclusions VA-CAL, an automated device and procedure, allows for simultaneous evaluation of VA at various contrast-luminance combinations, thus providing a more comprehensive assessment of spatial vision problems not seen with standard BCVA tests. Translational Relevance The new BCVA test VA-CAL incorporates a range of everyday contrast and ambient luminance conditions for a more realistic description of visual performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Hilmers
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Torsten Straßer
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- University Eye Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michael Bach
- Eye Center, Medical Center – Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Eberhart Zrenner
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- University Eye Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), Tuebingen, Germany
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25
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Hastings GD, Nguyen LC, Kauffman MJ, Hemmati RT, Marsack JD, Applegate RA. Avoiding penetrating keratoplasty in severe keratoconus using a wavefront-guided scleral lens. Clin Exp Optom 2022; 105:86-88. [PMID: 34281477 PMCID: PMC8738137 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2021.1945407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gareth D Hastings
- Present address: School of Optometry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Lan Chi Nguyen
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX
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Marta A, Marques JH, Almeida D, José D, Barbosa I. Keratoconus and Visual Performance with Different Contact Lenses. Clin Ophthalmol 2021; 15:4697-4705. [PMID: 34949911 PMCID: PMC8689658 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s345154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To analyze the visual performance in contact lens wearers with keratoconus. Methods A retrospective study including contact lens (CL) wearers was performed. The current best-corrected visual acuity with contact lens (BCVA-CL) and with spectacles (BCVA-S) correction, contrast sensitivity (CS) (by Metrovision-MonPack3®), analysis of light scattering in the retina and vision break-up time (HD Analyzer®), and corneal tomography (Oculus Pentacam® HR) were evaluated. Results This study included 96 eyes of 59 patients with Keratoconus. Rigid gas permeable contact lenses (RGPCL), hybrid contact lenses (HCL), and silicone hydrogel/hydrogel contact lenses (HGCL) were fitted in 67, 17, and 12 eyes, respectively. Dynamic objective scatter index (OSI) (p = 0.024), minimum OSI (p = 0.037) and maximum OSI (p = 0.040) were significantly better with RGPCL and worse with HGCL. Mean CS in photopic conditions was significantly worse with HGCL and better with HCL (p = 0.006), without differences in mesopic conditions (p = 0.121). RGPCL wearers showed a higher mean K (p = 0.020), and a lower corneal thickness at the thinnest point (p=0.011). Conclusion Visual quality varied significantly with different types of CL. Although RGPCL was fitted in patients with worse Pentacam tomographic parameters, RGPCL was associated with a better dynamic visual quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUPorto), Oporto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Oporto, Portugal
| | - João Heitor Marques
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUPorto), Oporto, Portugal
| | - Daniel Almeida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUPorto), Oporto, Portugal
| | - Diana José
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUPorto), Oporto, Portugal
| | - Irene Barbosa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUPorto), Oporto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Oporto, Portugal
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Ozturkmen C, Kesim C, Gunel Karadeniz P, Sahin A. Comparative Analysis of a New Hybrid EDOF-Multifocal Diffractive Intraocular Lens with a Trifocal Diffractive Intraocular Lens. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 32:2961-2966. [PMID: 34905987 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211067643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare visual acuity, defocus curve and visual quality of life performances of a new hybrid refractive-diffractive intraocular lens (IOL) and a trifocal diffractive IOL. METHODS Patients who underwent cataract surgery with bilateral implantation of ZFR00V or TFNT00 IOLs were enrolled in this study. The main outcomes were defined as uncorrected distant, intermediate and near visual acuities (UDVA, UIVA and UNVA, respectively), defocus curve and VF-14 questionnaire aimed for visual performance. RESULTS Fifty patients, of whom 30 had bilateral ZFR00V implantation, were enrolled in the study. Patients with ZFR00V had significantly better UIVA than patients with TFNT00 (0.05 ± 0.03 vs. 0.07 ± 0.04 logMAR, P = 0.02). Defocus curve showed significantly higher visual acuity in intermediate range for ZFR00V IOL between -1.00 and -1.50 dioptres (all P < 0.05). All patients had good visual performance with mean VF-14 scores above 3 points with no significant difference between two IOL models. Spectacle independence was 100% for both distant and near vision in both group of patients. CONCLUSION Bilateral implantation of ZFR00V in cataract patients shows better intermediate visual acuity scores and similar daily visual performance when compared with trifocal TFNT00 IOL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cem Kesim
- Department of Ophthalmology, 52979Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pinar Gunel Karadeniz
- Department of Biostatistics, Gaziantep SANKO University School of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Afsun Sahin
- Department of Ophthalmology, 52979Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,52979Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ozturkmen C, Kesim C, Karadeniz PG, Sahin A. Visual acuity, defocus curve and patient satisfaction of a new hybrid EDOF-multifocal diffractive intraocular lens. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 32:2988-2993. [PMID: 34766507 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211057338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the visual acuity, defocus curve and visual quality of life following bilateral implantation of a new hybrid extended depth of focus (EDOF)-multifocal diffractive intraocular lens (IOL). Methods: Patients who underwent cataract surgery with bilateral implantation of Tecnis Synergy IOL were enrolled in this study. The main outcomes were defined as uncorrected distant, intermediate and near visual acuities (UDVA, UIVA and UNVA, respectively), defocus curve and VF-14 questionnaire aimed for visual performance. Results: The mean ± SD values for binocular UDVA, UIVA and UNVA were -0.01 ± 0.04, 0.05 ± 0.03 and 0.03 ± 0.05 logMAR, respectively. Defocus curve showed a continuous vision above 0.16 logMAR between +0.50 D and -2.50 D. Patients had good visual performance with mean VF-14 scores above 3 points. Driving at night (3.47 ± 0.64) was found to be the most difficult task to perform. Spectacle independence was 100% for both distant and near vision. Conclusion: Bilateral implantation of Tecnis Synergy IOL in cataract patients shows good visual acuity and performance, covering a good visual range without any need of spectacles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cem Kesim
- Department of Ophthalmology, 52979Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Afsun Sahin
- Department of Ophthalmology, 52979Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Abstract
BACKGROUND We showed that seniors can improve their stereoscopic ability (stereoacuity) and corresponding reaction time with repetitive training and, furthermore, that these improvements through training are still present even after a longer period of time without training. METHODS Eleven seniors (average age: 85.90 years) trained twice a week for six weeks with dynamic stereoscopic perception training using a vision training apparatus (c-Digital Vision Trainer®). Stereoscopic training was performed in 12 training session (n = 3072) of visual tasks. The task was to identify and select one of four figures (stereoscopic stimuli) that was of a different disparity using a controller. The tests included a dynamic training (showing rotating balls) and a static test (showing plates without movement). Before and after training, the stereoacuity and the corresponding reaction times were identified with the static stereotest in order to determine the individual training success. The changes in respect to reaction time of stereoscopic stimuli with decreasing disparity were calculated. RESULTS After 6 weeks of training, reaction time improved in the median from 936 arcsec to 511 arcsec. Stereoscopic vision improved from 138 arcsec to 69 arcsec, which is an improvement of two levels of difficulty. After 6 months without training, the improvement, achieved by training, remained stable. CONCLUSIONS In older people, visual training leads to a significant, long-lasting improvement in stereoscopic vision and the corresponding reaction time in seniors. This indicates cortical plasticity even in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Erbes
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schwabachanlage 6, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Michelson
- Interdisciplinary Center of Ophthalmic Preventive Medicine and Imaging, Department of Ophthalmology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
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Sjögren J, Karlberg M, Hickson C, Magnusson M, Fransson PA, Tjernström F. Short-Latency Covert Saccades - The Explanation for Good Dynamic Visual Performance After Unilateral Vestibular Loss? Front Neurol 2021; 12:695064. [PMID: 34531814 PMCID: PMC8439257 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.695064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Functional head impulse test (fHIT) tests the ability of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) to allow visual perception during head movements. Our previous study showed that active head movements to the side with a vestibular lesion generated a dynamic visual performance that were as good as during movements to the intact side. Objective: To examine the differences in eye position during the head impulse test when performed with active and passive head movements, in order to better understand the role of the different saccade properties in improving visual performance. Method: We recruited 8 subjects with complete unilateral vestibular loss (4 men and 4 women, mean age 47 years) and tested them with video Head Impulse Test (vHIT) and Functional Head Impulse Test (fHIT) during passive and active movements while looking at a target. We assessed the mean absolute position error of the eye during different time frames of the head movement, the peak latency and the peak velocity of the first saccade, as well as the visual performance during the head movement. Results: Active head impulses to the lesioned side generated dynamic visual performances that were as good as when testing the intact side. Active head impulses resulted in smaller position errors during the visual perception task (p = 0.006) compared to passive head-impulses and the position error during the visual perception time frame correlated with shorter latencies of the first saccade (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Actively generated head impulses toward the side with a complete vestibular loss resulted in a position error within or close to the margin necessary to obtain visual perception for a brief period of time in patients with chronic unilateral vestibular loss. This seems to be attributed to the appearance of short-latency covert saccades, which position the eyes in a more favorable position during head movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sjögren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikael Karlberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Craig Hickson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, William Harvey Hospital, East Kent Hospitals University Foundation Trust, Ashford, United Kingdom
| | - Måns Magnusson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Fransson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Tjernström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Nascimento H, Alvarez-Peregrina C, Martinez-Perez C, Sánchez-Tena MÁ. Differences in Visuospatial Expertise between Skeet Shooting Athletes and Non-Athletes. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18158147. [PMID: 34360440 PMCID: PMC8346005 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sports vision is a specialisation of optometry whose objective is to improve and preserve visual function to increase sports performance. The main objective of the present study was to compare the visual expertise of non-athletes to skeet shooting athletes. METHODS Participants underwent an optometric assessment in which all those with severe deviations from normal vision, after compensating for visual abnormalities, were eliminated. After that, the following six visuospatial components were measured: hand-eye coordination, peripheral awareness, fixation disparity, saccadic eye movements, speed of recognition and visual memory. To measure the aforementioned components, the following tests were used: directional arrows, similar and different characters, the dichromatic disparity test, character marking, a tachistoscopic test and tic-tac-toe using COI-vision software. RESULTS Skeet shooting athletes performed significatively better (p ≤ 0.05) in two out of the six tests: hand-eye coordination and visual memory. CONCLUSIONS Although this study does not support the theory that athletes-in this case, skeet shooting athletes-perform significantly better in most components of the visuospatial tests, visual memory and hand-eye coordination are exceptions. To be more accurate in distinguishing between athletes and non-athletes, specific testing methods that can be used by a wide variety of disciplines should be developed. Training the weakest aspects of athletes can improve their sports performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Nascimento
- ISEC Lisboa—Instituto de Educação e Ciência de Lisboa, 1750-179 Lisboa, Portugal; (H.N.); (M.Á.S.-T.)
| | | | - Clara Martinez-Perez
- ISEC Lisboa—Instituto de Educação e Ciência de Lisboa, 1750-179 Lisboa, Portugal; (H.N.); (M.Á.S.-T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Tena
- ISEC Lisboa—Instituto de Educação e Ciência de Lisboa, 1750-179 Lisboa, Portugal; (H.N.); (M.Á.S.-T.)
- Department of Optometry and Vision, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain
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Bonnet CT, Delval A, Singh T, Defebvre L. Parkinson's disease-related changes in the behavioural synergy between eye movements and postural movements. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:5161-5172. [PMID: 34128272 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD patients) have been shown to exhibit abnormally low levels of synergy in their posture control. The goal of this study was to determine how synergic interactions between vision and posture are affected in PD patients. These synergic interactions were expected to be impaired because PD affects the basal ganglia, which are involved in the modulation of both types of movement. Twenty patients (mean age: 60) on levodopa and 20 age-matched-controls (mean age: 61) performed a precise visual task (searching for targets in an image) and an unprecise control task (randomly looking at an image) in which images were projected onto a large panoramic display. Lower back, upper back, head and eye movements were recorded simultaneously. To test behavioural synergies, Pearson correlations between eye and postural movements were analysed. The relationships between eye movements and upper and lower back movements were impaired in the patients. The age-matched controls did not show any significant correlations between eye and postural movements. Overall, our results showed that the PD patients failed to adjust and control their postural stability for success in the visual task. The impaired synergy between eye and postural movements was not related to clinical variables-probably because our patients had early-stage PD. Our results showed that impairments in synergy can occur very early in PD. Hence, the analysis of this synergy might provide a better understanding of postural instability, visual task performance in the upright stance, and perhaps the risk of falls in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédrick T Bonnet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
| | - Arnaud Delval
- Univ. Lille, Unité INSERM 1172, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Tarkeshwar Singh
- Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Luc Defebvre
- Univ. Lille, Unité INSERM 1172, CHU Lille, Lille, France
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Li X, Ding C, Li Y, Lim EW, Gao Y, Fermigier B, Yang A, Chen H, Bao J. Influence of Lenslet Configuration on Short-Term Visual Performance in Myopia Control Spectacle Lenses. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:667329. [PMID: 34113234 PMCID: PMC8185291 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.667329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate short-term visual performance and optical quality of three different lenslet configurations on myopia control spectacle lenses. Materials and Methods: This study utilized a cross-over design. Distance visual acuity (VA) was measured in 50 myopic children; contrast sensitivity (CS) was measured in 36 myopic children. For each test, four spectacle lenses were evaluated in a random order: single-vision lens (SVL), lens with concentric rings of highly aspherical lenslets (HAL), lens with concentric rings of slightly aspherical lenslets (SAL), and lens with honeycomb configuration of spherical lenslets (HC). The modulation transfer function (MTF) and MTF area (MTFa) were used to determine optical quality. All tests were performed monocularly on the right eye with full correction. Results: HAL and SAL had larger MTFa than HC. VA in lenses with lenslets was significantly reduced compared to SVL (all p < 0.01). The reduction in VA was worse with HC than with SAL (p = 0.02) and HAL (p = 0.03); no effect of lenslet asphericity was found (p > 0.05). VA changes induced by lenslets showed no correlation with spherical equivalent refraction (all p > 0.05) and were weakly positively associated with age for SAL (r = 0.36, p = 0.01) and HC (r = 0.31, p = 0.03), but not for HAL (p = 0.30). The area under the log contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF) decreased with HAL and HC (all p < 0.001) in all illumination levels, and AULCSF with HAL was higher than that with HC in a photopic condition (1.17 ± 0.10 vs. 1.10 ± 0.13, p = 0.0004). The presence of lenslets did not affect CS at 3 cycles per degree (cpd) (p = 0.80). At 6 to 18 cpd, CS was significantly reduced by HAL and HC (all p < 0.05), but not SAL (p > 0.05) compared to SVL. At high spatial frequencies (>12 cpd) both SAL and HAL reduced CS significantly less than HC (all p < 0.01). Conclusion: Short-term visual performance was minimally impaired by looking through the lenslet structure of myopia control spectacle lenses. Concentric rings with aspherical lenslets had a significantly lower impact on both VA and CS than honeycomb configuration with spherical lenslets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China.,Wenzhou Medical University-Essilor International Research Center (WEIRC), Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenglu Ding
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Li
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ee Woon Lim
- Wenzhou Medical University-Essilor International Research Center (WEIRC), Wenzhou, China.,R&D AMERA, Essilor International, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Gao
- Wenzhou Medical University-Essilor International Research Center (WEIRC), Wenzhou, China.,R&D AMERA, Essilor International, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Adeline Yang
- Wenzhou Medical University-Essilor International Research Center (WEIRC), Wenzhou, China.,R&D AMERA, Essilor International, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hao Chen
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China.,Wenzhou Medical University-Essilor International Research Center (WEIRC), Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Bao
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, China.,Wenzhou Medical University-Essilor International Research Center (WEIRC), Wenzhou, China
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Mehri A, Sajedifar J, Abbasi M, Tajbakhsh MA. The effect of veiling luminance on the disability glare of car headlamps designed in Iran. Int J Occup Saf Ergon 2021; 28:1213-1218. [PMID: 33734038 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2021.1898829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. One of the main risk factors involved in increasing driving accidents at night is due to the veiling luminance of the car's headlights reducing the contrast of images in the retina and, thus, reducing the visual performance of drivers. The aim of this study is to investigate the veiling luminance caused by the headlights of the best-selling vehicles in Iran. Methods. Using the Stiles-Holiday disability glare equation, the veiling luminance of headlights of common vehicles at distances of 10-100 m for both high-beam and low-beam modes of oncoming vehicles was measured on a road for healthy (young, middle-aged and older) drivers. Results. Under high-beam illumination, as the cars approached each other, the average illuminance of the car headlights gradually increased. Moreover, age had a significant impact on the veiling luminance. This study also showed that, in same-age groups, the Samand Souren and Peugeot Pars cars had the highest and lowest mean veiling luminance, respectively. Conclusion. The findings showed that the illuminance (at large distances between two cars) and the angle between the source of glare and the eyes of drivers (as two cars approach to each other) have a dominant influence on the disability glare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mehri
- School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Javad Sajedifar
- School of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.,Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Abbasi
- Social Determinates of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
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Molina R, Redondo B, Di Stasi LL, Anera RG, Vera J, Jiménez R. The short-term effects of artificially-impaired binocular vision on driving performance. Ergonomics 2021; 64:212-224. [PMID: 32841064 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2020.1814427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Appropriate visual function is paramount to ensuring adequate driving performance and road safety. Here, we examined the influence of sudden artificially-impaired binocular vision on driving performance using a car simulator. Twenty-four young drivers (mean age 22.42 ± 3.19 years) drove under three different visual conditions (natural driving, monocular blur, and monocular occlusion) through three different traffic environments with low, medium, and high levels of complexity (highway, rural, and city, respectively). We assessed their driving performance, perceived level of task complexity, and subjectively-experienced road safety. Furthermore, as a manipulation check, we also evaluated the drivers' cardiac vagal responses, as a well-known index of task complexity. The sudden deterioration of binocular vision caused unsafe driving behaviours (distance out of the road and maximum breaking intensity) in the most complex traffic environments. Specific self-regulatory strategies (i.e. increased cardiac vagal responses) and subjective responses corroborated these results. Practitioner summary: This study provides evidence that the sudden deterioration of binocular vision has a detrimental effect on simulated driving performance. Our analysis of cardiovascular functioning shows that drivers adopt self-regulatory strategies when their binocular vision functioning is compromised. Abbreviations: VA: visual acuity; BV: binocular vision; HRV: heart rate variability; NASA: TLX: NASA-Task Load Index; SSS: Stanford Sleepiness scale; RMSSD: root mean square of successive difference; HF: high-frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Molina
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, Campus de Fuentenueva, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Beatríz Redondo
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, Campus de Fuentenueva, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Rosario G Anera
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, Campus de Fuentenueva, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Vera
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, Campus de Fuentenueva, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Raimundo Jiménez
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, Campus de Fuentenueva, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Curry C, Peterson N, Li R, Stoffregen TA. Postural precursors of motion sickness in head-mounted displays: drivers and passengers, women and men. Ergonomics 2020; 63:1502-1511. [PMID: 32780665 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2020.1808713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Motion sickness is preceded by distinctive patterns of postural activity that differ between the sexes. We asked whether such postural precursors of motion sickness might exist before participants were exposed to a virtual driving game presented via a head-mounted display. Men and women either controlled a virtual vehicle (drivers), or viewed a recording of virtual vehicle motion (passengers). Before exposure to the game, we recorded standing body sway while participants performed simple visual tasks (staring at a blank page vs. counting target letters in a block of text). Following game exposure, participants were classified into Well and Sick groups. In a statistically significant interaction, the multifractality of body sway varied as a function of sex, vehicle control, and motion sickness status. The results confirm that postural precursors of motion sickness differ between the sexes, and extend these to the control of virtual vehicles in head-mounted displays. Practitioner Summary: We asked whether postural sway might predict motion sickness during exposure to a driving game via a head-mounted display. Participants drove a virtual car (drivers), or watched recorded car motion (passengers). Beforehand, we measured standing body sway. Postural precursors of motion sickness differed between the sexes and drivers and passengers. Abbreviations: M: meters; SD: standard deviation; kg: kilograms; COP: centre of pressure; AP: anterior-posterior; ML: mediolateral; cm: centimeters; s: seconds; min: minutes; MF: DFA: multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis; DFA: detrended fluctuation analysis; ANOVA: analysis of variance; CI: confidence interval; Hz: hertz; SE: standard error of the mean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Curry
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Ruixuan Li
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Benoit JS, Ravikumar A, Marsack JD, Anderson HA. Understanding the Impact of Individual Perceived Image Quality Features on Visual Performance. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:7. [PMID: 32821479 PMCID: PMC7401969 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.5.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to quantify the impact of blur, contrast, and ghosting on perceived overall image quality (IQ) as well as resultant predicted visual acuity, utilizing simulated acuity charts from objective refraction among eyes of individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Methods Acuity charts were produced, simulating the retinal image when applying 16 different metric-derived sphero-cylindrical refractions for each eye of 30 adult patients with DS. Fourteen dilated adult observers (normal vision) viewed subsets of logMAR acuity charts displayed on an LCD monitor monocularly through a unit magnification 3-mm aperture telescope. Observers rated features blur, ghosting, and contrast on 10-point scales (10 = poorest) and overall IQ on a 0- to 100-point scale (100 = best) and read each chart until five total letters were missed (logMAR technique). Mixed modeling was used to estimate feature influence on overall perceived IQ and relative acuity (compared with an unaberrated chart), separately. Results Perceived IQ spanned the entire scale (mean = 59 ± 22) and average reduction in relative acuity was two lines (0.2 ± 0.14 logMAR). Perceived blur, ghosting, and contrast were individually correlated with overall IQ and relative acuity. Blur, contrast, and ghosting exert unique effects on overall perceived IQ (P < 0.05). Blur (b = -.009, P < 0.001) and ghosting (b = -.003, P < 0.001) influence relative acuity over and beyond their effects on overall IQ (b = .001, P < 0.0001) and contrast. Conclusions Objectively identified refractions would ideally provide high contrast, low blur, and low ghosting. These data suggest that blur and ghosting may be given priority over contrast when improving acuity is the goal. Translational Relevance Findings may guide objective refraction in clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S. Benoit
- University of Houston, College of Optometry, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Abstract
Background: Both dynamic and static visual performances are essential for safety and motoric performance at altitude. There is a lack of information regarding alterations in dynamic visual performance (DVP) in oxygen-reduced environments. The purpose of this study was to analyze DVP in natural hypoxic conditions in a group of young, healthy hikers. Methods: DVP in four parafoveal subfields was analyzed using the computer-assisted Düsseldorf Test for Dynamic Vision. Measurements were performed twice at altitudes above 3500 m during an 8-day alpine hike. Results: On day 5 (3647 m), no changes in DVP were detected. On day 6 (4554 m), however, we found a significant reduction in DVP in the superior parafoveal retinal subfield, partly representing the lower visual field. The observed changes did not correlate with oxygen saturation, hematocrit, or cardiovascular parameters. We found no interrelation between symptoms of acute mountain sickness and DVP at altitude. Conclusions: Our data suggest that hiking at altitudes above 4500 m results in lower DVP in the visual field of healthy young people. The alteration might affect motor performance and coordination, increasing the risk of accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Krusche
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mirjam Limmer
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Institute of Outdoor Sports and Environmental Science, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gernot Jendrusch
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Petra Platen
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Koh S, Watanabe K, Nishida K. Objective Evaluation Of On-Eye Optical Quality Of Daily Disposable Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lens With Internal Wetting Agents. Clin Ophthalmol 2019; 13:2159-2165. [PMID: 31806929 PMCID: PMC6842293 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s224450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the on-eye optical quality of a daily disposable silicone hydrogel contact lens with internal wetting agent. Patients and methods Study subjects were daily disposable soft contact lens wearers (N=20) who were instructed to wear daily disposable hydrogel etafilcon A lens (without added wetting agent) or daily disposable silicone hydrogel senofilcon A lens (with an internal wetting agent), for a week. Subjects wore their respective lenses bilaterally and disposed of the pair of lenses daily. At the end of the 1-week test-wear period, the on-eye visual performances of the lens and the ocular surfaces were evaluated. A wavefront sensor measured sequential ocular higher-order aberrations (HOAs) for 10 s after the blink. The aberration data were analyzed in the central 4-mm diameter up to the sixth-order Zernike polynomials. Total HOAs, fluctuation index (FI), and stability index (SI) of the total HOAs over time were compared between the two lenses. Ocular surface evaluation with fluorescein was performed following the wavefront measurement. Results The senofilcon A lens had significantly lower average total HOAs, FI, and SI (p<0.001, p=0.001, p=0.007, respectively) than the etafilcon A lens. After 1-week wear of each lens, corneal staining was observed in eight subjects (40%) with the etafilcon A lens and in two subjects (10%) with the senofilcon A lens. The senofilcon A lens had significantly lower incidence of corneal staining than the etafilcon A lens (p=0.041). Conclusion Quantitative sequential measurement of HOAs objectively showed the possibility of better and more stable optical quality with silicone hydrogel daily disposable contact lens with the internal wetting agent than with hydrogel lens without the added wetting agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuka Koh
- Department of Innovative Visual Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Kohji Nishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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de Medeiros AL, Jones Saraiva F, Iguma CI, Kniggendorf DV, Alves G, Chaves MAPD, Vilar C, Motta AFP, Carricondo PC, Takashi Nakano C, Nosé W, Hida WT. Comparison of visual outcomes after bilateral implantation of two intraocular lenses with distinct diffractive optics. Clin Ophthalmol 2019; 13:1657-1663. [PMID: 31695317 PMCID: PMC6718244 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s202895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the visual outcomes and subjective visual quality between bilateral implantation of an extended depth of focus intraocular lens, J&J Vision Tecnis Symfony® ZXR00 (Group A) and bilateral implantation of a diffractive trifocal intraocular lens, Alcon Acrysof IQ PanOptix® TNFT00 (Group B). Methods This prospective, nonrandomized, comparative study of consecutive cases assessed 52 eyes of 26 patients operated on by the same surgeon (WTH) and binocularly implanted with multifocal intraocular lenses between May 2016 and July 2018. Binocular visual acuity for far, intermediate and near was tested in all cases. Ophthalmological evaluation included the measurement of binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA) at 40 cm, uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA) at 70 cm, monocular visual defocus curve and the quality of life (QoL) questionnaire, National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire - 25 ( NEI-VFQ 25). Results Postoperative UDVA was 0.00 and 0.09 logMAR (P<0.001), UIVA was 0.20 and 0.39 logMAR (P<0.001) and UNVA was 0.16 and -0.01 logMAR (P<0.001) in groups A and B, respectively; postoperative CDVA was -0.05 and 0.06 logMAR (P<0.001) in groups A and B, respectively. Conclusion Both groups reported good subjective quality of vision regarding long, intermediate and short distances. Group A had a better performance for binocular UDVA, UIVA at 70 cm and CDVA, while regarding the monocular defocus curve, Group A outperformed Group B for long distances. Furthermore, Group B surpassed it in the short to very short distances, between the range of ≥2.00 D to 5.00 D of vergence. While Group A had a better performance regarding the vergences between 0.00 and 1.00 D (P<0.05) and at the vergence of +2.50 D (P=0.007). Group B outran Group A for UNVA at 40 cm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Camila Ishii Iguma
- Cataract Sector, Hospital Oftalmológico De Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Alves
- Cataract Sector, Hospital Oftalmológico De Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Cesar Vilar
- Cataract Sector, Renato Ambrosio Eye Research Center, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Walton Nosé
- Cataract Sector, Renato Ambrosio Eye Research Center, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Wilson Takashi Hida
- Cataract Sector, Renato Ambrosio Eye Research Center, Brasília, DF, Brazil.,Cataract Sector, Hospital Oftalmológico De Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Roark MW, Stringham JM. Visual Performance in the "Real World": Contrast Sensitivity, Visual Acuity, and Effects of Macular Carotenoids. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801053. [PMID: 31116474 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Visual acuity (VA) is compared to contrast sensitivity (CS) testing in assessing "real-world" visual performance, and it is recommended that both should be measured routinely in the clinic. The role of nutritional intervention in improving visual performance is reviewed and emphasized. A brief history and illustration of both VA and CS, within the scope of visual performance, is presented. Parameters for effective CS testing in the clinic, and guidelines for interpretation of results, including a new model for understanding the visual impact of changes in CS, are also presented. Relevant research that supports the use of the macular carotenoids lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin to enhance visual performance is reviewed with suggested guidelines for supplementation. CS testing is easily performed at a single intermediate target size and is an excellent tool for the accurate assessment of a patient's overall visual experience. Research continues to uncover the strong link between nutrition and visual performance; the macular carotenoids appear to be especially effective in this regard, and their benefits to visual performance now importantly include contrast sensitivity. Clinicians can provide an improved level of care by incorporating into the examination protocol CS testing and, where appropriate, nutritional counseling and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Roark
- Allisonville Eye Care Center, 10967 Allisonville Rd #120, Fishers, IN, 46038, USA
| | - James M Stringham
- Duke Eye Center, Visual Performance Laboratory, 2351 Erwin Road, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reading performance has been considered as an effective functional endpoint for low vision. Contrary to many extensive studies for reading performance in English, there are few systematic studies for Chinese reading. METHODS In the present study, the reading performance of 30 normally sighted Chinese college students was systematically investigated. All participants passed the equivalent test of Cambridge ESOL PET in China. The reading speeds for Chinese and English text at a variety of text sizes were measured with rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP). The threshold acuities for Chinese characters and English letters were measured. Maximum reading speed, critical font size, and critical acuity reserve were derived according to the individual's reading speed curve. RESULTS The maximum reading speed for Chinese characters was 259.5 ± 38.2 characters/min, which was significantly faster than that for English letters (135.7 ± 18.5 words/min, p = 2.8 × 10-18 ). The critical font size for Chinese characters was larger than that for English letters (24.2 ± 2.8 arcmin vs. 20.7 ± 1.0 arcmin, p = 1.6 × 10-7 ). Interestingly, the critical acuity reserve was similar for these two languages (3.4 ± 0.4 for Chinese and 3.4 ± 0.2 for English, p = 0.4). CONCLUSION The present study provides the first step for establishing visual functional endpoints for Chinese reading. Our findings pose rigorous constrains on present theories in language information processing and brain plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xiao Wang
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Na Lin
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying-Xuan Guo
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Sha J, Fedtke C, Tilia D, Yeotikar N, Jong M, Diec J, Thomas V, Bakaraju RC. Effect of cylinder power and axis changes on vision in astigmatic participants. Clin Optom (Auckl) 2019; 11:27-38. [PMID: 30936760 PMCID: PMC6431005 DOI: 10.2147/opto.s190120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To ascertain the impact of altering cylinder (cyl) power and axis on vision in astigmatism. METHODS In a prospective, randomized, participant-masked, crossover clinical trial, 28 astigmatic participants were tested for the following conditions on different days: full sphero-cyl correction and undercorrection by 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 DC while maintaining spherical equivalence. Axis was also misaligned between -30° and +30°, in 10° steps. For each configuration, monocular high- and low-contrast visual acuities (HCVA, LCVA) were measured at 6 m, and participants rated vision clarity (1-10), vision satisfaction (1-10), and vision acceptability (yes/no). Linear mixed models were used to compare visual performance in the overall group and in low, medium, and high cyl subgroups. RESULTS Undercorrecting cyl power affected all groups equally (P≥0.073). Undercorrection by 0.75 DC was significantly different to full cyl power for all variables (P≤0.007), while 0.25 DC undercorrection did not cause any significant decreases (P>0.05). Undercorrection by 0.50 DC was significantly different to full cyl power for HCVA (P=0.006, however not clinically significant) and vision acceptability (P=0.034). Axis misalignment affected the cyl groups differently (P<0.001), with the greatest impact in the high cyl group, followed by the medium then the low-cyl group. Misalignment by ±30° caused significant decreases in almost all cases (P≤0.003), while misalignments by ±10° or ±20° caused significant decreases for some cyl groups and test variables. CONCLUSION Undercorrection of cyl by ≤0.50 DC while maintaining spherical equivalence has no significant effect on HCVA, LCVA, vision clarity, and vision satisfaction, while the amount of axis misalignment that can be tolerated is dependent on the cyl power. These results may have practical ophthalmic applications, such as reducing the total number of stock keeping units of toric contact lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sha
- Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
| | - C Fedtke
- Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
| | - D Tilia
- Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
| | - N Yeotikar
- Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
| | - M Jong
- Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
| | - J Diec
- Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
| | - V Thomas
- Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
| | - R C Bakaraju
- Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,
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Koefoed VF, Assmuss J, Høvding G. Correlation between observation task performance and visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and environmental light in a simulated maritime study. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96:390-396. [PMID: 29575586 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the relevance of visual acuity (VA) and index of contrast sensitivity (ICS) as predictors for visual observation task performance in a maritime environment. METHODS Sixty naval cadets were recruited to a study on observation tasks in a simulated maritime environment under three different light settings. Their ICS were computed based on contrast sensitivity (CS) data recorded by Optec 6500 and CSV-1000E CS tests. The correlation between object identification distance and VA/ICS was examined by stepwise linear regression. RESULTS The object detection distance was significantly correlated to the level of environmental light (p < 0.001), but not to the VA or ICS recorded in the test subjects. Female cadets had a significantly shorter target identification range than the male cadets. CONCLUSION Neither CS nor VA were found to be significantly correlated to observation task performance. This apparent absence of proven predictive value of visual parameters for observation tasks in a maritime environment may presumably be ascribed to the normal and uniform visual capacity in all our study subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilhelm F. Koefoed
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | | | - Gunnar Høvding
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
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Hwang AD, Tuccar-Burak M, Goldstein R, Peli E. Impact of Oncoming Headlight Glare With Cataracts: A Pilot Study. Front Psychol 2018; 9:164. [PMID: 29559933 PMCID: PMC5845724 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Oncoming headlight glare (HLG) reduces the visibility of objects on the road and may affect the safety of nighttime driving. With cataracts, the impact of oncoming HLG is expected to be more severe. We used our custom HLG simulator in a driving simulator to measure the impact of HLG on pedestrian detection by normal vision subjects with simulated mild cataracts and by patients with real cataracts. Methods: Five normal vision subjects drove nighttime scenarios under two HLG conditions (with and without HLG: HLGY and HLGN, respectively), and three vision conditions (with plano lens, simulated mild cataract, and optically blurred clip-on). Mild cataract was simulated by applying a 0.8 Bangerter diffusion foil to clip-on plano lenses. The visual acuity with the optically blurred lenses was individually chosen to match the visual acuity with the simulated cataract clip-ons under HLGN. Each nighttime driving scenario contains 24 pedestrian encounters, encompassing four pedestrian types; walking along the left side of the road, walking along the right side of the road, crossing the road from left to right, and crossing the road from right to left. Pedestrian detection performances of five patients with mild real cataracts were measured using the same setup. The cataract patients were tested only in HLGY and HLGN conditions. Participants' visual acuity and contrast sensitivity were also measured in the simulator with and without stationary HLG. Results: For normal vision subjects, both the presence of oncoming HLG and wearing the simulated cataract clip-on reduced pedestrian detection performance. The subjects performed worst in events where the pedestrian crossed from the left, followed by events where the pedestrian crossed from the right. Significant interactions between HLG condition and other factors were also found: (1) the impact of oncoming HLG with the simulated cataract clip-on was larger than with the plano lens clip-on, (2) the impact of oncoming HLG was larger with the optically blurred clip-on than with the plano lens clip-on, but smaller than with the simulated cataract clip-on, and (3) the impact was larger for the pedestrians that crossed from the left than those that crossed from the right, and for the pedestrians walking along the left side of the road than walking along the right side of the road, suggesting that the pedestrian proximity to the glare source contributed to the performance reduction. Under HLGN, almost no pedestrians were missed with the plano lens or the simulated cataract clip-on (0 and 0.5%, respectively), but under HLGY, the rate of pedestrian misses increased to 0.5 and 6%, respectively. With the optically blurred clip-on, the percent of missed pedestrians under HLGN and HLGY did not change much (5% and 6%, respectively). Untimely response rate increased under HLGY with the plano lens and simulated cataract clip-ons, but the increase with the simulated cataract clip-on was significantly larger than with the plano lens clip-on. The contrast sensitivity with the simulated cataract clip-on was significantly degraded under HLGY. The visual acuity with the plano lens clip-on was significantly improved under HLGY, possibly due to pupil myosis. The impact of HLG measured for real cataract patients was similar to the impact on performance of normal vision subjects with simulated cataract clip-ons. Conclusion: Even with mild (simulated or real) cataracts, a substantial negative effect of oncoming HLG was measurable in the detection of crossing and walking-along pedestrians. The lowered pedestrian detection rates and longer response times with HLGY demonstrate a possible risk that oncoming HLG poses to patients driving with cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex D Hwang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Merve Tuccar-Burak
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert Goldstein
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eli Peli
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Kobashi H, Kamiya K, Shimizu K. Impact of Forward and Backward Scattering and Corneal Higher-Order Aberrations on Visual Acuity after Penetrating Keratoplasty. Semin Ophthalmol 2018; 33:748-756. [PMID: 29336641 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2018.1427767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the relationship of forward and backward scattering and corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) with corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) after penetrating keratoplasty (PK). METHODS This retrospective study comprised 25 eyes of 25 consecutive patients who underwent PK using the VisuMax femtosecond laser system and age-matched 25 eyes of 25 healthy subjects. We quantitatively assessed objective scattering index (OSI) using the double-pass instrument (OQAS II, Visiometrics), corneal densitometry (CD) and corneal HOAs with the Scheimpflug rotating camera (Pentacam HR, Oculus) 1 year postoperatively. RESULTS The OSI, CD, and corneal HOAs were significantly larger in the PK group than those in the control group (p ≤ 0.011). We found significant correlations of logMAR CDVA with the OSI (r = 0.477, p = 0.016), and with the anterior, posterior, and total corneal HOAs of the central 4-mm zone (anterior: r = 0.573, p = 0.003, posterior: r = 0.596, p = 0.002, total: r = 0.472, p = 0.017), but no significant association with the CD of the 0-2 mm zone at any layers (anterior: r = 0.236, p = 0.257, center: r = 0.139, p = 0.506, posterior: r = 0.073, p = 0.728, total: r = 0.212, p = 0.308). Similar results were obtained when the analysis was repeated with corneal HOAs of the central 6-mm zone and CDs in 2-6 mm zone. CONCLUSIONS Our pilot study demonstrated that the postoperative CDVA was significantly correlated with OSI and corneal HOAs, but not with backward scattering in post-PK eyes, suggesting that OSI as well as corneal HOAs plays an essential role in postoperative visual performance after PK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenaga Kobashi
- a Department of Ophthalmology , University of Kitasato School of Medicine , Kanagawa , Japan.,b Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School , Schepens Eye Research Institute , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Kazutaka Kamiya
- a Department of Ophthalmology , University of Kitasato School of Medicine , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Kimiya Shimizu
- a Department of Ophthalmology , University of Kitasato School of Medicine , Kanagawa , Japan
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Lawrenson JG, Hull CC, Downie LE. The effect of blue-light blocking spectacle lenses on visual performance, macular health and the sleep-wake cycle: a systematic review of the literature. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2017; 37:644-654. [PMID: 29044670 DOI: 10.1111/opo.12406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Blue-blocking (BB) spectacle lenses, which attenuate short-wavelength light, are being marketed to alleviate eyestrain and discomfort when using digital devices, improve sleep quality and potentially confer protection from retinal phototoxicity. The aim of this review was to investigate the relative benefits and potential harms of these lenses. METHODS We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), recruiting adults from the general population, which investigated the effect of BB spectacle lenses on visual performance, symptoms of eyestrain or eye fatigue, changes to macular integrity and subjective sleep quality. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and clinical trial registers, until 30 April 2017. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool. RESULTS Three studies (with 136 participants) met our inclusion criteria; these had limitations in study design and/or implementation. One study compared the effect of BB lenses with clear lenses on contrast sensitivity (CS) and colour vision (CV) using a pseudo-RCT crossover design; there was no observed difference between lens types (log CS; Mean Difference (MD) = -0.01 [-0.03, 0.01], CV total error score on 100-hue; MD = 1.30 [-7.84, 10.44]). Another study measured critical fusion frequency (CFF), as a proxy for eye fatigue, on wearers of low and high BB lenses, pre- and post- a two-hour computer task. There was no observed difference between low BB and standard lens groups, but there was a less negative change in CFF between the high and low BB groups (MD = 1.81 [0.57, 3.05]). Both studies compared eyestrain symptoms with Likert scales. There was no evidence of inter-group differences for either low BB (MD = 0.00 [-0.22, 0.22]) or high BB lenses (MD = -0.05 [-0.31, 0.21]), nor evidence of a difference in the proportion of participants showing an improvement in symptoms of eyestrain or eye fatigue. One study reported a small improvement in sleep quality in people with self-reported insomnia after wearing high compared to low-BB lenses (MD = 0.80 [0.17, 1.43]) using a 10-point Likert scale. A study involving normal participants found no observed difference in sleep quality. We found no studies investigating effects on macular structure or function. CONCLUSIONS We find a lack of high quality evidence to support using BB spectacle lenses for the general population to improve visual performance or sleep quality, alleviate eye fatigue or conserve macular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Lawrenson
- Centre for Applied Vision Research, Division of Optometry and Visual Science, City University of London, London, UK
| | - Christopher C Hull
- Centre for Applied Vision Research, Division of Optometry and Visual Science, City University of London, London, UK
| | - Laura E Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Senger C, Margarido MRRA, De Moraes CG, De Fendi LI, Messias A, Paula JS. Visual Search Performance in Patients with Vision Impairment: A Systematic Review. Curr Eye Res 2017; 42:1561-1571. [PMID: 28925742 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2017.1338348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with visual impairment are constantly facing challenges to achieve an independent and productive life, which depends upon both a good visual discrimination and search capacities. Given that visual search is a critical skill for several daily tasks and could be used as an index of the overall visual function, we investigated the relationship between vision impairment and visual search performance. METHODS A comprehensive search was undertaken using electronic PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, and Cochrane databases from January 1980 to December 2016, applying the following terms: "visual search", "visual search performance", "visual impairment", "visual exploration", "visual field", "hemianopia", "search time", "vision lost", "visual loss", and "low vision". Two hundred seventy six studies from 12,059 electronic database files were selected, and 40 of them were included in this review. RESULTS Studies included participants of all ages, both sexes, and the sample sizes ranged from 5 to 199 participants. Visual impairment was associated with worse visual search performance in several ophthalmologic conditions, which were either artificially induced, or related to specific eye and neurological diseases. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review details all the described circumstances interfering with visual search tasks, highlights the need for developing technical standards, and outlines patterns for diagnosis and therapy using visual search capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassia Senger
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | | | | | - Ligia Issa De Fendi
- c Department of Ophthalmology , Marília Medical School , Marília , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - André Messias
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
| | - Jayter Silva Paula
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , Brazil
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Stringham JM, Stringham NT, O'Brien KJ. Macular Carotenoid Supplementation Improves Visual Performance, Sleep Quality, and Adverse Physical Symptoms in Those with High Screen Time Exposure. Foods 2017; 6:foods6070047. [PMID: 28661438 PMCID: PMC5532554 DOI: 10.3390/foods6070047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dramatic rise in the use of smartphones, tablets, and laptop computers over the past decade has raised concerns about potentially deleterious health effects of increased "screen time" (ST) and associated short-wavelength (blue) light exposure. We determined baseline associations and effects of 6 months' supplementation with the macular carotenoids (MC) lutein, zeaxanthin, and mesozeaxanthin on the blue-absorbing macular pigment (MP) and measures of sleep quality, visual performance, and physical indicators of excessive ST. Forty-eight healthy young adults with at least 6 h of daily near-field ST exposure participated in this placebo-controlled trial. Visual performance measures included contrast sensitivity, critical flicker fusion, disability glare, and photostress recovery. Physical indicators of excessive screen time and sleep quality were assessed via questionnaire. MP optical density (MPOD) was assessed via heterochromatic flicker photometry. At baseline, MPOD was correlated significantly with all visual performance measures (p < 0.05 for all). MC supplementation (24 mg daily) yielded significant improvement in MPOD, overall sleep quality, headache frequency, eye strain, eye fatigue, and all visual performance measures, versus placebo (p < 0.05 for all). Increased MPOD significantly improves visual performance and, in turn, improves several undesirable physical outcomes associated with excessive ST. The improvement in sleep quality was not directly related to increases in MPOD, and may be due to systemic reduction in oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Stringham
- Nutritional Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Nicole T Stringham
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Kevin J O'Brien
- Vision Sciences Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Dagnelie G, Christopher P, Arditi A, da Cruz L, Duncan JL, Ho AC, Olmos de Koo LC, Sahel J, Stanga PE, Thumann G, Wang Y, Arsiero M, Dorn JD, Greenberg RJ. Performance of real-world functional vision tasks by blind subjects improves after implantation with the Argus® II retinal prosthesis system. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2017; 45:152-159. [PMID: 27495262 PMCID: PMC5293683 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main objective of this study was to test Argus II subjects on three real-world functional vision tasks. DESIGN The study was designed to be randomized and prospective. Testing was conducted in a hospital/research laboratory setting at the various participating centres. PARTICIPANTS Twenty eight Argus II subjects, all profoundly blind, participated in this study. METHODS Subjects were tested on the three real-world functional vision tasks: Sock Sorting, Sidewalk Tracking and Walking Direction Discrimination task MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: For the Sock Sorting task, percentage correct was computed based on how accurately subjects sorted the piles on a cloth-covered table and on a bare table. In the Sidewalk Tracking task, an 'out of bounds' count was recorded, signifying how often the subject veered away from the test course. During the Walking Direction Discrimination task, subjects were tested on the number of times they correctly identified the direction of testers walking across their field of view. RESULTS The mean percentage correct OFF versus ON for the Sock Sorting task was found to be significantly different for both testing conditions (t-test, P < 0.01). On the Sidewalk Tracking task, subjects performed significantly better with the system ON than they did with the system OFF (t-test, P < 0.05). Eighteen (18) of 27 subjects (67%) performed above chance with the system ON, and 6 (22%) did so with system OFF on the Walking Direction Discrimination task. CONCLUSIONS Argus II subjects performed better on all three tasks with their systems ON than they did with their systems OFF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislin Dagnelie
- Lions Vision Research and Rehab CenterJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Allen C Ho
- Wills Eye HospitalPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Lisa C Olmos de Koo
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | | | - Yizhong Wang
- Retina Foundation of the SouthwestDallasTexasUSA
| | - Maura Arsiero
- Second Sight Medical Products IncSylmarCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jessy D Dorn
- Second Sight Medical Products IncSylmarCaliforniaUSA
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