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Zhao J, Chen J, Wang C, Liu Y, Li M, Li Y, Li R, Han Z, Wang J, Chen L, Shu Y, Cheng G, Sun C. Kynurenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO) broadly inhibits viral infections via triggering NMDAR/Ca2+ influx and CaMKII/ IRF3-mediated IFN-β production. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010366. [PMID: 35235615 PMCID: PMC8920235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) metabolism through the kynurenine pathway (KP) is well known to play a critical function in cancer, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. However, its role in host-pathogen interactions has not been characterized yet. Herein, we identified that kynurenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO), a key rate-limiting enzyme in the KP, and quinolinic acid (QUIN), a key enzymatic product of KMO enzyme, exerted a novel antiviral function against a broad range of viruses. Mechanistically, QUIN induced the production of type I interferon (IFN-I) via activating the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and Ca2+ influx to activate Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)/interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). Importantly, QUIN treatment effectively inhibited viral infections and alleviated disease progression in mice. Furthermore, kmo-/- mice were vulnerable to pathogenic viral challenge with severe clinical symptoms. Collectively, our results demonstrated that KMO and its enzymatic product QUIN were potential therapeutics against emerging pathogenic viruses. The outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases have become a severe challenge worldwide, and therefore it is a public health priority to explore novel broad-spectrum antiviral agents with various mechanisms. This study reported that kynurenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO), a key rate-limiting enzyme during tryptophan metabolism, showed promise as a novel broad-spectrum antiviral factor against emerging pathogenic viruses. We further found that quinolinic acid (QUIN), an enzymatic product of KMO, could also act as a novel broad-spectrum antiviral agent. We then systematically studied the underlying mechanisms and broadly antiviral function of KMO and QUIN in vitro and in vivo. Our data highlight the importance of exploring novel antiviral targets from the key enzymes and their metabolites in tryptophan metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen university), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaoshan Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen university), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen university), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajie Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen university), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minchao Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen university), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen university), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiting Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen university), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zirong Han
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen university), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjian Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen university), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Genhong Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GC); (CS)
| | - Caijun Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen university), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (GC); (CS)
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Role of interferon regulatory factor 7 in corneal endothelial cells after HSV-1 infection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16487. [PMID: 34389779 PMCID: PMC8363731 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95823-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections of the cornea including herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) cause visual morbidity, and the corneal endothelial cell damage leads to significant visual impairment. Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) has been identified as a significant regulator in corneal endothelial cells after an HSV-1 infection. To examine the role played by IRF7, the DNA binding domain (DBD) of IRF7 of human corneal endothelial cells (HCEn) was disrupted. An RNAi inhibition of IRF7 and IRF7 DBD disruption (IRF7 ∆DBD) led to an impairment of IFN-β production. Impaired IFN-β production by IRF7 ∆DBD was regained by IRF7 DNA transfection. Transcriptional network analysis indicated that IRF7 plays a role in antigen presentation function of corneal endothelial cells. When the antigen presentation activity of HCEn cells were examined for priming of memory CD8 T cells, IRF7 disruption abolished the anti-viral cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response which was dependent on the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I. To further examine the roles played by IRF7 in CTL induction as acquired immunity, the contribution of IRF7 to MHC class I-mediated antigen presentation was assessed. Analysis of IRF7 ∆DBD cells indicated that IRF7 played an unrecognized role in MHC class I induction, and the viral infection induced-MHC class I induction was abolished by IRF7 disruption. Collectively, the IRF7 in corneal endothelial cells not only contributed to type I IFN response, but also to the mediation of viral infection-induced MHC class I upregulation and priming of CD8 arm of acquired immunity.
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Graber K, Khan F, Glück B, Weigel C, Marzo S, Doshi H, Ehrhardt C, Heller R, Gräler M, Henke A. The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling in HSV-1-infected human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Virus Res 2020; 276:197835. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Zhang W, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Guo Y, Wu Y, Wang R, Wang L, Mao S, Yao X. Overexpression of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Activation of the IL-6/STAT3/PD-L1 Pathway in Bladder Cancer. Transl Oncol 2018; 12:485-492. [PMID: 30594037 PMCID: PMC6307990 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a key enzyme in tryptophan metabolism and plays an important role in tumor cell immunosuppression and angiogenesis. The molecular mechanisms of IDO1 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) have not been elucidated or studied in bladder cancer. Therefore, the aims of this study were to detect IDO1 expression in bladder cancer tissues and then to investigate the role of IDO1 in bladder cancer cell EMT and malignant phenotypes as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. By immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction experiments, IDO1 was found to be overexpressed in bladder cancer tissues and cell lines compared to the noncancerous ones. In addition, knockdown of IDO1 expression was shown to inhibit bladder cancer cell growth, migration, invasion, and EMT. Furthermore, we demonstrated that IDO1 may promote EMT by activation of the interleukin 6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/programmed cell death ligand 1 signaling pathway. Collectively, these data suggest that IDO1 may play an important role in bladder cancer and may be a novel therapeutic target for patients with bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, PR China; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, PR China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, PR China
| | - Yadong Guo
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, PR China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, PR China; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | | | | | - Shiyu Mao
- Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, PR China; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China.
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Miyazaki D, Uotani R, Inoue M, Haruki T, Shimizu Y, Yakura K, Yamagami S, Suzutani T, Hosogai M, Isomura H, Inoue Y. Corneal endothelial cells activate innate and acquired arm of anti-viral responses after cytomegalovirus infection. Exp Eye Res 2017. [PMID: 28648760 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Infection of the corneal endothelial cells by human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an important cause of corneal endotheliitis. CMV endotheliitis is difficult to completely cure and relapses are frequent. This can cause blinding corneal bullous keratopathy. However, the pathogenesis of CMV endotheliitis remains undetermined. To understand the immunopathology of endotheliitis, we examined how corneal endothelial cells prime the anti-viral immunity after CMV infection based on global transcriptional responses. To accomplish this, human corneal endothelial (HCEn) cells were infected with CMV, and the global transcriptional responses were determined by microarray analyses for primary anti-viral responses using network analysis. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and protein array analyses were used to examine whether anti-viral cytokines were induced, i.e., to determine whether innate immune responses were activated. To examine whether priming of acquired immune response was activated, CMV-infected HCEn cells were co-cultured with allogeneic CD8+ T cells from CMV seropositive donors and tested for priming activity for the CD8+ effector T cells by measuring interferon-γ secretion. The CMV-induced responses of HCEn cells were characterized by type I interferon and pattern recognition receptor pathways which represent innate immune priming. The global transcriptional activation was specifically associated with antigen presentation with the antimicrobial response functions. Protein array analyses indicated a significant increase in the secretion of anti-viral inflammatory cytokines including CXCL10 as innate immune responses. When HCEn cells were examined to determine whether CMV infection activated anti-viral acquired immunity, CMV-infected HCEn cells directly stimulated the proliferation of CD8+ T cells from CMV-seropositive donors, and pp65 viral epitope induced interferon-γ secretion from the CD8+ T cells. We conclude that CMV-infected HCEn cells induce innate immune priming along with provisions of acquired immune priming of CD8+ effector T cells. This information should help in the development of useful diagnostic procedures and efficacious therapeutic strategy to treat refractory corneal endotheliitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Miyazaki
- Division of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.
| | - Ryu Uotani
- Division of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Michiko Inoue
- Division of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Tomoko Haruki
- Division of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yumiko Shimizu
- Division of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Keiko Yakura
- Division of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamagami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Suzutani
- Department of Microbiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mayumi Hosogai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroki Isomura
- Department of Virology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Inoue
- Division of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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