1
|
Jiang B, Hong N, Guo D, Shen J, Qian X, Dong F. MiR-204-5p may regulate oxidative stress in myopia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9770. [PMID: 38684840 PMCID: PMC11059383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60688-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying myopia remain not fully understood. We proposed to examine the function and underlying mechanisms of miR-204-5p in myopia development. The miR-204-5p expression level was assessed in the vitreous humor (VH) of a cohort consisting of 11 patients with high myopia (HM) and 16 control patients undergoing vitrectomy. Then the functional implications of miR-204-5p in ARPE-19 cells were assessed. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) was found as a possible target of miR-204-5p through mRNA sequencing, and its interaction with miR-204-5p was confirmed employing luciferase assay and western blotting. Furthermore, the miR-204-5p function in regulating oxidative stress was examined by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. The results indicated a significant reduction of miR-204-5p in the VH of HM patients. Overexpression of miR-204-5p suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells. The direct targeting of miR-204-5p on TXNIP has been confirmed, and its downregulation mediated the miR-204-5p impacts on ARPE-19 cells. Moreover, miR-204-5p overexpression significantly reduced ROS accumulation by targeting TXNIP. Our findings revealed the possible contribution of the miR-204-5p/TXNIP axis in myopia development by regulating oxidative stress, which may provide new targets to combat this prevalent and debilitating condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyu Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqin Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xilin Qian
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Li L, Tang X, Fan H, Song W, Xie J, Tang Y, Jiang Y, Zou Y. The role of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in atropine-related inhibition of the progression of myopia. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:41. [PMID: 38279089 PMCID: PMC10811830 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the potential involvement of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in myopia development and its contribution to the mechanism of action of the anti-myopia drug, atropine. METHODS Thirty-three-week-old guinea pigs were randomly divided into normal control (NC, n = 10), monocularly form-deprived (FDM, n = 10), and FDM treated with 1% atropine (FDM + AT, n = 10) groups. The diopter and axial length were measured at 0, 2, and 4 weeks. Guinea pig eyeballs were removed at week four, fixed, and stained for morphological changes. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) were performed to evaluate VIP protein and mRNA levels. RESULTS The FDM group showed an apparent myopic shift compared to the control group. The results of the H&E staining were as follows: the cells of the inner/outer nuclear layers and retinal ganglion cells were disorganized; the choroidal thickness (ChT), blood vessel lumen, and area were decreased; the sclera was thinner, with disordered fibers and increased interfibrillar space. IHC and ISH revealed that VIP's mRNA and protein expressions were significantly up-regulated in the retina of the FDM group. Atropine treatment attenuated FDM-induced myopic shift and fundus changes, considerably reducing VIP's mRNA and protein expressions. CONCLUSIONS The findings of elevated VIP mRNA and protein levels observed in the FDM group indicate the potential involvement of VIP in the pathogenesis and progression of myopia. The ability of atropine to reduce this phenomenon suggests that this may be one of the molecular mechanisms for atropine to control myopia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, No.234 FuJiang Road, Nanchong, 637000, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College (Nanchong Central Hospital), Nanchong, China
| | - Lan Li
- Langzhong People's Hospital, Langzhong, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Tang
- Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, No.234 FuJiang Road, Nanchong, 637000, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Haobo Fan
- Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, No.234 FuJiang Road, Nanchong, 637000, China
- Department of Optometry and Pediatric Ophthalmology, Ineye Hospital of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiqi Song
- Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, No.234 FuJiang Road, Nanchong, 637000, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Juan Xie
- Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, No.234 FuJiang Road, Nanchong, 637000, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yangyu Tang
- Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, No.234 FuJiang Road, Nanchong, 637000, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yanqing Jiang
- Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, No.234 FuJiang Road, Nanchong, 637000, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yunchun Zou
- Department of Optometry, North Sichuan Medical College, No.234 FuJiang Road, Nanchong, 637000, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College (Nanchong Central Hospital), Nanchong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Erdinest N, London N, Morad Y, Naroo SA. Myopia management -A survey of optometrists and ophthalmologists in Israel. Eur J Ophthalmol 2023:11206721231211465. [PMID: 37899737 DOI: 10.1177/11206721231211465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Myopia management is practiced by ophthalmologists and optometrists. This study evaluated the approach and standard of myopia management among eye-care practitioners (ECPs) in Israel. The findings may ultimately affect the quality of care. METHODS A questionnaire was sent to 954 optometrists and 365 ophthalmologists, including demographic questions; whether they owned any devices to monitor myopia progression; the lowest progression they considered significant; various questions pertaining to myopia management and treatment methods. RESULTS Responses from 135 optometrists and 126 ophthalmologists were collected, the majority practicing more than five years; 94% of optometrists, and 64% of ophthalmologists. Around 53% of optometrists and 27% of the ophthalmologists proclaimed to practice myopia management. ECPs primary parameters influencing risk assessment for progression were age, genetic background and history of progression. Time outdoors, during daylight hours, is advised by ophthalmologists (97%) and optometrists (78%). Limiting screentime is encouraged by 87% of ophthalmologists and 69% of optometrists. Myopia progression of 0.50D-0.75D after six months is regarded to require intervention by 93% of ophthalmologists and 83% of optometrists. Optometrists selected multiple myopia management treatments, primarily optical (ophthalmic myopia management lenses 40%, multifocal ophthalmic lenses 24%, peripheral blur contact lenses 38%, orthokeratology 11%), while 95% of ophthalmologists chose atropine and only 3-11% selected any additional treatments to consider. CONCLUSION This study highlighted ECPs' agreement on the principles, importance of, and timeline of intervention with myopia management. The disconnect between the two professions lies in management methods. Genuine dialogue and co-management should be encouraged for maximum implementation, benefit and effectiveness of available patient treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nir Erdinest
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Yair Morad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shamir Medical Center, Tzrifin, Israel
| | - Shehzad A Naroo
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xiang A, He H, Yu H, Li A, Luo Y, Yang J, Zhong X. Ocular Posterior Segment Distribution and Pharmacokinetics of Brimonidine After Intravitreal Administration in Guinea Pigs. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2023; 39:456-462. [PMID: 37311153 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2023.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Brimonidine is a highly alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, which provides a potential myopia control effect. This study aimed to examine the pharmacokinetics and concentration of brimonidine in the posterior segment tissue of eyes in guinea pigs. Methods: A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was successfully used for brimonidine pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution research in guinea pigs following intravitreal administration (20 μg/eye). Results: Brimonidine concentrations in the retina and sclera were maintained at a high level (>60 ng/g) at 96 h postdosing. Brimonidine concentration peaked in the retina (377.86 ng/g) at 2.41 h and sclera (306.18 ng/g) at 6.98 h. The area under curve (AUC0-∞) was 27,179.99 ng h/g in the retina and 39,529.03 ng h/g in the sclera. The elimination half-life (T1/2e) was 62.43 h in the retina and 67.94 h in the sclera. Conclusions: The results indicated that brimonidine was rapidly absorbed and diffused to the retina and sclera. Meanwhile, it maintained higher posterior tissue concentrations, which can effectively activate the alpha-2 adrenergic receptor. This may provide pharmacokinetic evidence for the inhibition of myopia progression by brimonidine in animal experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiqun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong He
- Hainan Eye Hospital and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Haikou, China
| | - Hanyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anzhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanting Luo
- Hainan Eye Hospital and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Haikou, China
| | - Junming Yang
- Hainan Eye Hospital and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Haikou, China
| | - Xingwu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Hainan Eye Hospital and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Haikou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Benavente-Perez A. Evidence of vascular involvement in myopia: a review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1112996. [PMID: 37275358 PMCID: PMC10232763 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1112996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The benign public perception of myopia (nearsightedness) as a visual inconvenience masks the severity of its sight-threatening consequences. Myopia is a significant risk factor for posterior pole conditions such as maculopathy, choroidal neovascularization and glaucoma, all of which have a vascular component. These associations strongly suggest that myopic eyes might experience vascular alterations prior to the development of complications. Myopic eyes are out of focus because they are larger in size, which in turn affects their overall structure and function, including those of the vascular beds. By reviewing the vascular changes that characterize myopia, this review aims to provide an understanding of the gross, cellular and molecular alterations identified at the structural and functional levels with the goal to provide an understanding of the latest evidence in the field of experimental and clinical myopia vascular research. From the evidence presented, we hypothesize that the interaction between excessive myopic eye growth and vascular alterations are tipping-points for the development of sight-threatening changes.
Collapse
|
6
|
Fu Y, Luo Y, Chen X, Tong Y, Zhu Y, Yang L. Atropine-eluting silicone contact lenses for myopia control. J Biomater Appl 2023; 37:1724-1735. [PMID: 37083186 DOI: 10.1177/08853282231166858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is one of the prime reasons for vision impairment worldwide. Atropine in topical ophthalmic solutions (e.g., 0.01% atropine sulfate eye drops) is the primary medical treatment for controlling myopia, especially for pseudomyopia or true myopia in rapid progress. However, aqueous atropine solution is unstable and easily breaks down to tropic acid, which will result in vision blur. Drug-eluting contact lenses (CLs) have been explored as a potentially superior alternative to effectively control the drug release and improve the drug efficacy. In this work, an atropine-eluting contact lens was developed by encapsulating an atropine implant in a silicon-based contact lens, towards functioning in vision correction and controlling myopia. The safety and effectiveness of this atropine-eluting contact lens were verified with rabbit and guinea pig models. The results showed that the lenses reduced the side effects like mydriasis and no other adverse events were observed in rabbit eyes. More importantly, atropine-loaded lenses could effectively delay the progress of form-deprivation myopia with guinea pig eyes as the model. Thus, we concluded that atropine-eluting CLs prepared by implantation technology may be an option for the treatment of myopia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fu
- Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yao Tong
- Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yabin Zhu
- School of medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Medical School Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stable Atropine Loaded Film As a Potential Ocular Delivery System For Treatment Of Myopia. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1931-1946. [PMID: 34773183 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of the present study was to prepare stable and high bioavailability ocular atropine loaded films (ATR-films) as potential ocular drug delivery systems for the treatment of myopia. METHODS ATR-films were prepared by the solvent casting method and the physical properties of films were evaluated including thickness, water content, light transparency, disintegration time, and mechanical properties. FT-IR, DSC, XRD, TGA, AFM, and Raman spectroscopy were performed to characterize the film. The stability test was conducted under different conditions, such as high humidity, high temperature, and strong light. The pharmacokinetic study and irritation assessment were conducted in rabbits. The efficacy of ATR-films was evaluated by refraction and ocular biometry in myopia guinea pigs. RESULT After optimizing the formulation, the resulting ATR-film was flexible and transparent with lower water content (8.43% ± 1.25). As expected, the ATR-film was stable and hydrolysate was not detected, while the content of hydrolysate in ATR eye drops can reach up to 8.1867% (limit: < 0.2%) in the stability study. The safety assessment both in vitro and in vivo confirmed that the ATR-film was biocompatible. Moreover, the bioavailability (conjunctiva 3.21-fold, cornea 2.87-fold, retina 1.35-fold, sclera 2.05-fold) was greatly improved compared with the ATR eye drops in vivo pharmacokinetic study. The pharmacodynamic study results showed that the ATR-film can slow the progress of form-deprivation myopia (~ 100 ± 0.81D), indicating that it has a certain therapeutic effect on form-deprivation myopia. CONCLUSION The ATR-film with good stability and high bioavailability will have great potential for the treatment of myopia.
Collapse
|
8
|
García Del Valle I, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Atropine in topical formulations for the management of anterior and posterior segment ocular diseases. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1245-1260. [PMID: 33787441 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1909568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atropine is an old-known drug which is gaining increasing attention due to the myriad of therapeutic effects it may trigger on eye structures. Nevertheless, novel applications may require more adequate topical formulations. AREAS COVERED This review aims to gather the existing knowledge about atropine and its clinical applications in the ophthalmological field when administered topically. Atropine ocular pharmacokinetics is paid a special attention, including recent evidences of the capability of the drug to access to the posterior segment. Ocular bioavailability and systemic bioavailability are counterbalanced. Finally, limitations of traditional dosage forms and potential advantages of under investigation delivery systems are analyzed. EXPERT OPINION Mydriasis and cyclopegia have been widely exploited for eye examination, management of anterior segment diseases, and more recently as antidotes of chemical weapons. Improved knowledge on drug receptors and related pathways explains atropine repositioning as an outstanding tool to prevent myopia. The ease with which atropine penetrates ocular tissues is a double edged sword, that is, while it ensures therapeutic levels in the posterior segment, the unspecific distribution causes a wide variety of untoward effects. The design of formulations that can selectively deliver atropine to the target tissue for each specific application is an urgent unmet need.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines García Del Valle
- Departamento De Farmacología, Farmacia Y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D FarmaGroup, Facultad De Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago De Compostela (IDIS), Universidade De Santiago De Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento De Farmacología, Farmacia Y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D FarmaGroup, Facultad De Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago De Compostela (IDIS), Universidade De Santiago De Compostela, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Stepwise candidate drug screening for myopia control by using zebrafish, mouse, and Golden Syrian Hamster myopia models. EBioMedicine 2021; 65:103263. [PMID: 33691248 PMCID: PMC7941086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We developed a preclinical protocol for the screening of candidate drugs able to control myopia and prevent its progression. The protocol uses zebrafish, C57BL/6 mice, and golden Syrian hamster models of myopia. Methods A morpholino (MO) targeting the zebrafish lumican gene (zlum) was injected into single-cell zebrafish embryos, causing excessive expansion of the sclera. A library of 640 compounds with 2 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors (marimastat and batimastat), which have the potential to modulate scleral remodelling, was screened to identify candidates for mitigating scleral diameter expansion in zlum-MO-injected embryos. The myopia-prevention ability of compounds discovered to have superior potency to inhibit scleral expansion was validated over 4 weeks in 4-week-old C57BL/6 mice and 3-week-old golden Syrian hamsters with form-deprivation myopia (FDM). Changes in the refractive error and axial length were investigated. Scleral thickness, morphology of collagen fibrils in the posterior sclera, messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions, and protein levels of transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, and collagen, type I, alpha 1 (collagen Iα1) were investigated in C57BL/6 mice, and MMP-2, MMP-9, and MMP activity assays were conducted in these mice. Findings In the zebrafish experiment, atropine, marimastat, batimastat, doxycycline, and minocycline were the drugs that most effectively reduced expansion of scleral equatorial diameter. After 28-day treatment in diffuser-wearing mice and 21-day treatment in lid-sutured hamsters, myopic shift and axial elongation were significantly mitigated by eye drops containing 1% atropine, 50 µM marimastat, 5 µM batimastat, or 200 µM doxycycline. MMP-2 mRNA expression in mouse sclera was lower after treatment with atropine, marimastat, batimastat, or doxycycline. The protein levels and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-7 were significantly reduced after treatment with atropine, marimastat, batimastat, doxycycline, and minocycline. Furthermore, scleral thickness and collagen fibril diameter were not lower after treatment with atropine, marimastat, batimastat, or doxycycline than those of occluded eyes. Interpretation Stepwise drug screening in a range of models from zlum-MO-injected zebrafish to rodent FDM models identified effective compounds for preclinical myopia control or prevention. On the basis of the 640 compounds that were screened, MMP inhibitors may offer alternatives for clinical trials. Funding This research was supported by grants from Taiwan's Ministry of Science and Technology and Ministry of Health and Welfare.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu TE, Chen HA, Jhou MJ, Chen YN, Chang TJ, Lu CJ. Evaluating the Effect of Topical Atropine Use for Myopia Control on Intraocular Pressure by Using Machine Learning. J Clin Med 2020; 10:jcm10010111. [PMID: 33396943 PMCID: PMC7794848 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atropine is a common treatment used in children with myopia. However, it probably affects intraocular pressure (IOP) under some conditions. Our research aims to analyze clinical data by using machine learning models to evaluate the effect of 19 important factors on intraocular pressure (IOP) in children with myopia treated with topical atropine. The data is collected on 1545 eyes with spherical equivalent (SE) less than -10.0 diopters (D) treated with atropine for myopia control. Four machine learning models, namely multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), classification and regression tree (CART), random forest (RF), and eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), were used. Linear regression (LR) was used for benchmarking. The 10-fold cross-validation method was used to estimate the performance of the five methods. The main outcome measure is that the 19 important factors associated with atropine use that may affect IOP are evaluated using machine learning models. Endpoint IOP at the last visit was set as the target variable. The results show that the top five significant variables, including baseline IOP, recruitment duration, age, total duration and previous cumulative dosage, were identified as most significant for evaluating the effect of atropine use for treating myopia on IOP. We can conclude that the use of machine learning methods to evaluate factors that affect IOP in children with myopia treated with topical atropine is promising. XGBoost is the best predictive model, and baseline IOP is the most accurate predictive factor for endpoint IOP among all machine learning approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-En Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 11101, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Chen
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (H.-A.C.); (Y.-N.C.)
| | - Mao-Jhen Jhou
- Graduate Institute of Business Administration, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (M.-J.J.); (T.-J.C.)
| | - Yen-Ning Chen
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; (H.-A.C.); (Y.-N.C.)
| | - Ting-Jen Chang
- Graduate Institute of Business Administration, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (M.-J.J.); (T.-J.C.)
| | - Chi-Jie Lu
- Graduate Institute of Business Administration, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (M.-J.J.); (T.-J.C.)
- Artificial Intelligence Development Center, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
- Department of Information Management, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2905-2973
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao F, Li Q, Chen W, Zhu H, Zhou D, Reinach PS, Yang Z, He M, Xue A, Wu D, Liu T, Fu Q, Zeng C, Qu J, Zhou X. Dysfunction of VIPR2 leads to myopia in humans and mice. J Med Genet 2020; 59:88-100. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-107220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundMyopia is the leading cause of refractive errors. As its pathogenesis is poorly understood, we determined if the retinal VIP-VIPR2 signalling pathway axis has a role in controlling signalling output that affects myopia development in mice.MethodsAssociation analysis meta-study, single-cell transcriptome, bulk RNA sequencing, pharmacological manipulation and VIPR2 gene knockout studies were used to clarify if changes in the VIP-VIPR2 signalling pathway affect refractive development in mice.ResultsThe SNP rs6979985 of the VIPR2 gene was associated with high myopia in a Chinese Han cohort (randomceffect model: p=0.013). After either 1 or 2 days’ form deprivation (FD) retinal VIP mRNA expression was downregulated. Retinal single-cell transcriptome sequencing showed that VIPR2 was expressed mainly by bipolar cells. Furthermore, the cAMP signalling pathway axis was inhibited in some VIPR2+ clusters after 2 days of FD. The selective VIPR2 antagonist PG99-465 induced relative myopia, whereas the selective VIPR2 agonist Ro25-1553 inhibited this response. In Vipr2 knockout (Vipr2-KO) mice, refraction was significantly shifted towards myopia (p<0.05). The amplitudes of the bipolar cell derived b-waves in 7-week-old Vipr2-KO mice were significantly larger than those in their WT littermates (p<0.05).ConclusionsLoss of VIPR2 function likely compromises bipolar cell function based on presumed changes in signal transduction due to altered signature electrical wave activity output in these mice. As these effects correspond with increases in form deprivation myopia (FDM), the VIP-VIPR2 signalling pathway axis is a viable novel target to control the development of this condition.
Collapse
|
12
|
Du B, Jin N, Zhu X, Lu D, Jin C, Li Z, Han C, Zhang Y, Lai D, Liu K, Wei R. A prospective study of serum metabolomic and lipidomic changes in myopic children and adolescents. Exp Eye Res 2020; 199:108182. [PMID: 32781198 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myopia is a prevalent eye disorder, especially among children and adolescents in eastern Asian countries. Multiple measures have already been taken to prevent and treat myopia, including atropine and dopamine. However, the serum metabolic picture of myopia has not yet been studied as a whole and remains largely unclear. In this paper, a prospective and panoramic study was carried out to find out the whole serum metabolomic and lipidomic picture of myopia. METHODS With untargeted mass spectrometry (MS), myopia among 211 children and adolescents was studied. The MS features were first grouped across the samples. Then, compound annotation was carried out based on these features. Finally, the metabolite features were mapped to pathways, whose biological functions in myopia were studied and discussed. RESULTS A total of 275 metabolite features were derived from 92 aligned MS peak groups with significant fold changes, and then mapped to 33 pathways. By a comprehensive consideration of significance, fold change, importance score and appearance in different omics, 9 pathways were selected, and their biological functions were further analyzed. Among these selected pathways, 5 pathways were related with oxidative stress, a validated phenomenon during myopia development, while 5 pathways were related with dopamine receptor D2, whose molecular function in myopia treatment is not fully understood. A total of 177 metabolite features from 45 peak groups were related with the studied pathways. CONCLUSION This prospective study shed light on the whole picture of metabolomic mechanism underlying myopia and provided guidance to further elucidation of compounds and pathways in this whole picture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Jin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiurui Zhu
- Tianjin Yunjian Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Daqian Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengcheng Jin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Tianjin Yunjian Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China; School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chunle Han
- Tianjin Yunjian Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Yani Zhang
- Tianjin Yunjian Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Donghai Lai
- Tianjin Yunjian Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Tianjin Yunjian Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China.
| | - Ruihua Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Peripheral Refraction in Myopic Children with and without Atropine Usage. J Ophthalmol 2020; 2020:4919154. [PMID: 32454988 PMCID: PMC7240664 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4919154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare the patterns of relative peripheral refractions of myopic children who were currently on atropine treatment for myopia control and myopic children who did not use atropine. Methods Chinese children (n = 209) aged 7 to 12 years participated in the study, 106 used atropine and 103 did not. Participants were also classified into three groups: emmetropes (SE: +0.50 to −0.50 D), low myopes (SE: −0.50 to −3.00 D), and moderate myopes (SE: −3.00 to −6.00 D). The central and peripheral refractions along the horizontal meridians (for both nasal and temporal fields) were measured in 10-degree steps to 30 degrees. Results There were no statistically significant differences in spherical equivalent and astigmatism of the three refractive groups in either the nasal or temporal retina. The atropine group showed a significant relative myopia in the temporal 30° field in spherical equivalent compared to the emmetropic group (t49 = 3.36, P=0.02). In eyes with low myopia, the atropine group had significant relative myopia in the nasal 30° and temporal 30° fields (t118 = 2.59, P=0.01; t118 = 2.06, P=0.04), and it is also observed at 20° and 30° of the nasal field for the moderate myopic group (t36 = 2.37, P=0.02; t2.84 = 2.84, P=0.01). Conclusion Significant differences in relative peripheral refraction were found between the atropine group and its controls. The findings suggested that the eyes that received atropine may have a less prolate shape and thus explain why using atropine is effective in controlling myopia progression.
Collapse
|
14
|
Cristaldi M, Olivieri M, Pezzino S, Spampinato G, Lupo G, Anfuso CD, Rusciano D. Atropine Differentially Modulates ECM Production by Ocular Fibroblasts, and Its Ocular Surface Toxicity Is Blunted by Colostrum. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8040078. [PMID: 32260532 PMCID: PMC7236597 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The etiology and the mechanism behind atropine treatment of progressive myopia are still poorly understood. Our study addressed the role of scleral and choroidal fibroblasts in myopia development and atropine function. Methods: Fibroblasts treated in vitro with atropine or 7-methylxanthine were tested for ECM production by Western blotting. Corneal epithelial cells were treated with atropine in the presence or absence of colostrum or fucosyl-lactose, and cell survival was evaluated by the MTT metabolic test. Results: Atropine and 7-methyl-xanthine stimulated collagen I and fibronectin production in scleral fibroblasts, while they inhibited their production in choroidal fibroblasts. Four days of treatment with atropine of corneal epithelial cells significantly decreased cell viability, which could be prevented by the presence of colostrum or fucosyl-lactose. Conclusions: Our results show that atropine may function in different ways in different eye districts, strengthening the scleral ECM and increasing permeability in the choroid. The finding that colostrum or fucosyl-lactose attenuate the corneal epithelial toxicity after long-term atropine treatment suggests the possibility that both compounds can efficiently blunt its toxicity in children subjected to chronic atropine treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Cristaldi
- Research Center, Sooft Italia SpA c/o Biologic Tower, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.C.); (M.O.); (S.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Melania Olivieri
- Research Center, Sooft Italia SpA c/o Biologic Tower, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.C.); (M.O.); (S.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Salvatore Pezzino
- Research Center, Sooft Italia SpA c/o Biologic Tower, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.C.); (M.O.); (S.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Giorgia Spampinato
- Research Center, Sooft Italia SpA c/o Biologic Tower, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.C.); (M.O.); (S.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Gabriella Lupo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Biologic Tower, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Carmelina Daniela Anfuso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Biologic Tower, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.D.A.); (D.R.)
| | - Dario Rusciano
- Research Center, Sooft Italia SpA c/o Biologic Tower, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.C.); (M.O.); (S.P.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: (C.D.A.); (D.R.)
| |
Collapse
|