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Jadhav PA, Hole A, Ingle A, Govekar R, Noothalapati H, Krishna CM. Serum Raman spectroscopy: Evaluation of tumour load variations in experimental carcinogenesis. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300424. [PMID: 38229194 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Several serum Raman spectroscopy (RS) studies have demonstrated its potential as an oral cancer screening tool. This study investigates influence of low tumour load (LTL) and high tumour load (HTL) on serum RS using hamster buccal pouch model of experimental oral carcinogenesis. Sera of untreated control, LTL, and HTL groups at week intervals during malignant transformation were employed. Serum Raman spectra were subjected to multivariate analyses-principal component analysis, principal component-based linear discriminant analysis (for stratification of study groups), and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) (to comprehend biomolecular differences). Multivariate analysis revealed misclassifications between LTL and HTL at all week intervals. MCR-ALS components showed statistically significant abundances between control versus LTL and control versus HTL, but could not discern LTL and HTL. MCR-ALS components exhibited spectral mixtures of proteins, lipids, heme and nucleic acids. Thus, these findings support use of serum RS as a screening tool as varying tumour load is not a confounding factor influencing the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka A Jadhav
- Chilakapati Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
| | - Arti Hole
- Chilakapati Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Arvind Ingle
- Chilakapati Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
| | - Rukmini Govekar
- Chilakapati Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
| | - Hemanth Noothalapati
- Raman Project Centre for Medical and Biological Applications, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, Japan
| | - C Murali Krishna
- Chilakapati Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, India
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Dareh MTB, Andisheh‐Tadbir A, Aghakouchakzadeh A. Evaluation of the relationship between the expression of AgNOR and Ki67 with the recurrence rate in central granulomatous giant cell lesions: A case-control. Clin Exp Dent Res 2024; 10:e870. [PMID: 38506305 PMCID: PMC10952119 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Giant cell granuloma is a local nonneoplastic lesion that is divided into two categories, based on its site of occurrence: Central and peripheral giant cell granuloma. Central giant cell granuloma is an intraosseous lesion that has a tendency to recure even in surgically treated cases. Several studies have proven that there is an association between different lesions clinical behavior and their histological features. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of AgNOR and Ki67 in lesions with and without recurrency. MATERIAL AND METHODS Files and records of 35 patients who had been histologically diagnosed with central giant cell granuloma were investigated. Histological features were studied after performing AgNOR staining and Ki67 marker. The data were analyzed by chi-square, Fisher, and T-test. RESULTS Acquired data indicated that the count of AgNOR staining and Ki67 marker was significantly higher in lesions with recurrency than the lesions with no recurrency. The same results were attained from Ki67 intensity. CONCLUSION The current study indicated that AgNOR staining and Ki67 marker have prognostic value in predicting recurrency of central giant cell granuloma lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina T. B. Dareh
- Student Research Committee, School of DentistryAlborz University of Medical SciencesKarajIran
| | - Azadeh Andisheh‐Tadbir
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Oral and Dental Disease Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Arezoo Aghakouchakzadeh
- Department of oral and maxillofacial pathology, School of DentistryAlborz University of Medical ScienceKarajIran
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Jendryczko K, Chudzian J, Skinder N, Opaliński Ł, Rzeszótko J, Wiedlocha A, Otlewski J, Szlachcic A. FGF2-Derived PeptibodyF2-MMAE Conjugate for Targeted Delivery of Cytotoxic Drugs into Cancer Cells Overexpressing FGFR1. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2992. [PMID: 33076489 PMCID: PMC7602595 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are emerging targets for directed cancer therapy. Presented here is a new FGFR1-targeting conjugate, the peptibodyF2, which employs peptibody, a fusion of peptide and the Fc fragment of human IgG as a selective targeting agent and drug carrier. Short peptide based on FGF2 sequence was used to construct a FGFR1-targeting peptibody. We have shown that this peptide ensures specific delivery of peptibodyF2 into FGFR1-expressing cells. In order to use peptibodyF2 as a delivery vehicle for cytotoxic drugs, we have conjugated it with MMAE, a drug widely used in antibody-drug conjugates for targeted therapy. Resulting conjugate shows high and specific cytotoxicity towards FGFR1-positive cells, i.e., squamous cell lung carcinoma NCI-H520, while remaining non-toxic for FGFR1-negative cells. Such peptibody-drug conjugate can serve as a basis for development of therapy for tumors with overexpressed or malfunctioning FGFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Jendryczko
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50383 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.J.); (J.C.); (N.S.); (Ł.O.); (J.R.); (J.O.)
| | - Julia Chudzian
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50383 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.J.); (J.C.); (N.S.); (Ł.O.); (J.R.); (J.O.)
| | - Natalia Skinder
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50383 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.J.); (J.C.); (N.S.); (Ł.O.); (J.R.); (J.O.)
| | - Łukasz Opaliński
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50383 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.J.); (J.C.); (N.S.); (Ł.O.); (J.R.); (J.O.)
| | - Jakub Rzeszótko
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50383 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.J.); (J.C.); (N.S.); (Ł.O.); (J.R.); (J.O.)
| | - Antoni Wiedlocha
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway;
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01163 Warsaw, Poland
- Center for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50383 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.J.); (J.C.); (N.S.); (Ł.O.); (J.R.); (J.O.)
| | - Anna Szlachcic
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50383 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.J.); (J.C.); (N.S.); (Ł.O.); (J.R.); (J.O.)
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Gaiser MR, von Bubnoff N, Gebhardt C, Utikal JS. Liquid Biopsy zur Überwachung von Melanompatienten. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2018; 16:405-416. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13461_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rita Gaiser
- Klinische Kooperationseinheit Klinische Kooperationseinheit Dermatoonkologie des Deutschen; Krebsforschungszentrums (DKFZ); Heidelberg Deutschland
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Mannheim Deutschland
| | - Nikolas von Bubnoff
- Klinik für Hämatologie; Onkologie und Stammzelltransplantation; Universitätsklinikum Freiburg; Deutschland
- Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK); Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ); Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Christoffer Gebhardt
- Klinische Kooperationseinheit Klinische Kooperationseinheit Dermatoonkologie des Deutschen; Krebsforschungszentrums (DKFZ); Heidelberg Deutschland
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Mannheim Deutschland
| | - Jochen Sven Utikal
- Klinische Kooperationseinheit Klinische Kooperationseinheit Dermatoonkologie des Deutschen; Krebsforschungszentrums (DKFZ); Heidelberg Deutschland
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Mannheim Deutschland
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Gaiser MR, von Bubnoff N, Gebhardt C, Utikal JS. Liquid biopsy to monitor melanoma patients. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2018. [PMID: 29512873 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
During the last six years, several innovative, systemic therapies for the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma (MM) have emerged. Conventional chemotherapy has been superseded by novel first-line therapies, including systemic immunotherapies (anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1; authorization of anti-PDL1 is anticipated) and therapies targeting specific mutations (BRAF, NRAS, and c-KIT). Thus, treating physicians are confronted with new challenges, such as stratifying patients for appropriate treatments and monitoring long-term responders for progression. Consequently, reliable methods for monitoring disease progression or treatment resistance are necessary. Localized and advanced cancers may generate circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) that can be detected and quantified from peripheral blood samples (liquid biopsy). For melanoma patients, liquid biopsy results may be useful as novel predictive biomarkers to guide therapeutic decisions, particularly in the context of mutation-based targeted therapies. The challenges of using liquid biopsy include strict criteria for the phenotypic nature of circulating MM cells or their fragments and the instability of ctDNA in blood. The limitations of liquid biopsy in routine diagnostic testing are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rita Gaiser
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nikolas von Bubnoff
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoffer Gebhardt
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jochen Sven Utikal
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Augsburger D, Nelson PJ, Kalinski T, Udelnow A, Knösel T, Hofstetter M, Qin JW, Wang Y, Gupta AS, Bonifatius S, Li M, Bruns CJ, Zhao Y. Current diagnostics and treatment of fibrosarcoma -perspectives for future therapeutic targets and strategies. Oncotarget 2017; 8:104638-104653. [PMID: 29262667 PMCID: PMC5732833 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult-type fibrosarcoma is a rare and highly aggressive subtype of soft tissue sarcomas. Due to the existence of other spindle-cell shaped sarcomas, its diagnosis is always one of exclusion. The likelihood of misdiagnoses between similar tumour entities is high, and often leads to inappropriate tumour treatment. We summarize here the main features of fibrosarcoma. When fibrosarcoma is appropriately diagnosed, the patient`s overall prognosis is generally quite poor. Fibrosarcoma is characterized by its low sensitivity towards radio- and chemotherapy as well as by its high rate of tumour recurrences. Thus it is important to identify new methods to improve treatment of this tumour entity. We discuss some promising new directions in fibrosarcoma research, specifically focusing on more effective targeting of the tumour microenvironment. Communication between tumour cells and their surrounding stromal tissue play a crucial role in cancer progression, invasion, metastasis and chemosensitivity. The therapeutic potential of targeting the tumour microenvironment is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Augsburger
- Department of General, Visceral und Vascular Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter J. Nelson
- Clinical Biochemistry Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Kalinski
- Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andrej Udelnow
- Department of General, Visceral und Vascular Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Knösel
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Monika Hofstetter
- Clinical Biochemistry Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ji Wei Qin
- Department of General, Visceral und Vascular Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of General, Visceral und Vascular Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Arvid Sen Gupta
- Department of General, Visceral und Vascular Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Bonifatius
- Department of General, Visceral und Vascular Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Minglun Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Christiane J. Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral und Vascular Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Present address: Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of General, Visceral und Vascular Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Present address: Department of General, Visceral and Cancer Surgery, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Wei R, Wong JPC, Kwok HF. Osteopontin -- a promising biomarker for cancer therapy. J Cancer 2017; 8:2173-2183. [PMID: 28819419 PMCID: PMC5560134 DOI: 10.7150/jca.20480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN), a multifunctional protein, has emerged as a potentially valuable biomarker for diagnosing and treating cancers. Recent research focuses on its involvement in tumor biology including the cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms and pharmacological effects of OPN in cancer development could lead to new targets for improving cancer diagnosis and treatment. This review explains how the structurally conserved domains of OPN are associated with OPN signaling mediators and CD44, and how the conserved OPN domains determine biological functions. The authors have reviewed representative works of OPN expression in breast cancer and colorectal cancer to elucidate the relationship between OPN and cancer/tumor biology. It has also been shown that the prognostic sensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, and ovarian cancer improved compared to the individual marker when OPN was analyzed in conjunction with other markers. The therapeutic approaches based on OPN inhibitors are discussed to illustrate recent research progress. Previous clinical data has indicated that OPN has played a unique role in cancer development, but further investigation is required to understand the underlying mechanism. More clinical trials are also required to examine the applicability and efficacy of OPN inhibitors in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Janet Pik Ching Wong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau
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Jelski W, Laniewska-Dunaj M, Orywal K, Kochanowicz J, Rutkowski R, Szmitkowski M. The diagnostic value of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isoenzymes and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) measurement in the sera of patients with brain tumor. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:346-352. [PMID: 28261287 PMCID: PMC5332462 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.65366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isoenzymes and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) exist in the brain. Alcohol dehydrogenase and ALDH are also present in brain tumor cells. Moreover, the activity of class I isoenzymes was significantly higher in cancer than healthy brain cells. The activity of these enzymes in tumor tissue is reflected in the serum and could thus be helpful for diagnostics of brain neoplasms. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of ADH and ALDH as markers for brain tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Serum samples were taken for routine biochemical investigation from 115 patients suffering from brain tumors (65 glioblastomas, 50 meningiomas). For the measurement of the activity of class I and II ADH isoenzymes and ALDH activity, fluorometric methods were used. The total ADH activity and activity of class III and IV isoenzymes were measured by the photometric method. RESULTS There was a significant increase in the activity of ADH I isoenzyme and ADH total in the sera of brain tumor patients compared to the controls. The diagnostic sensitivity for ADH I was 78%, specificity 85%, and positive and negative predictive values were 86% and 76% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of ADH I increased with the stage of the carcinoma. Area under receiver-operating characteristic curve for ADH I was 0.71. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest a potential role for ADH I as a marker for brain tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Jelski
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Karolina Orywal
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jan Kochanowicz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Robert Rutkowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maciej Szmitkowski
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
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Daniel D, Lalitha R. Tumor markers – A bird's eye view. JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoms.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Yang X, Yang Y, Li Z, Cheng C, Yang T, Wang C, Liu L, Liu S. Diagnostic value of circulating chromogranin a for neuroendocrine tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124884. [PMID: 25894842 PMCID: PMC4403810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In previous decades, chromogranin A (CgA) has been demonstrated to be the most promising biomarker for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), but its diagnostic value is still controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the potential diagnostic value of circulating CgA for NETs. Methods We collected relevant studies from several electronic databases as well as from reference lists. Diagnostic indices of CgA were pooled with random effects models. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves for the diagnosis of NETs were used to estimate the overall diagnostic efficiency. Results Through a search strategy, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. These studies contained 1260 patients with NETs and 967 healthy controls in the total sample. As a result, the overall sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were 0.73 (95% CI: 0.71 to 0.76), 0.95 (95% CI: 0.93 to 0.96) and 56.29 (95% CI: 25.27 to 125.38), respectively, while the summary positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) were 14.56 (95% CI: 6.62 to 32.02) and 0.26 (95% CI: 0.18 to 0.38), respectively. In addition, the area under the curve (AUC) of the circulating CgA in the diagnosis of NETs was 0.8962. Conclusions These data demonstrate that circulating CgA is an efficient biomarker for the diagnosis of NETs with high sensitivity and specificity, which indicates that it may be helpful for the clinical management of NETs. However, further studies are needed to clarify this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhilu Li
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengchun Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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11
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Jelski W, Laniewska-Dunaj M, Orywal K, Kochanowicz J, Rutkowski R, Szmitkowski M. The activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isoenzymes and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in the sera of patients with brain cancer. Neurochem Res 2014; 39:2313-8. [PMID: 25300996 PMCID: PMC4246134 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1402-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Human brain tissue contains various alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isoenzymes and possess also aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity. In our last experiments we have shown that ADH and ALDH are present also in the brain tumour cells. Moreover the activities of total ADH and class I isoenzymes were significantly higher in cancer tissue than healthy cells. It can suggests that these changes may be reflected by enzyme activity in the serum of patients with brain cancer. Serum samples were taken for routine biochemical investigation from 62 patients suffering from brain cancer (36 glioblastoma, 26 meningioma). For the measurement of the activity of class I and II ADH isoenzymes and ALDH activity, the fluorometric methods were used. The total ADH activity and activity of class III and IV isoenzymes were measured by the photometric method. A statistically significant increase of class I alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes was found in the sera of patients with brain cancer. The median activity of this class isoenzyme in the patients group increased about 24 % in the comparison to the control level. The total alcohol dehydrogenase activity was also significantly higher (26 %) among patients with brain tumour than healthy ones. The activities of other tested ADH isoenzymes and total ALDH were unchanged. The increase of the activity of total ADH and class I alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzyme in the sera of patients with brain cancer seems to be caused by the release of this isoenzyme from tumour's cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Jelski
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University, Waszyngtona 15 A, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland,
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12
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Idelevich P, Kristt D, Okon E, Terkieltaub D, Rivkin I, Fishman A, Lew S, Schejter E, Elkeles A. Novel Histochemical Stain for Tinctorial Detection of Cancer and Neoplastic Cells. J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/his.2009.32.3.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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13
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Shigdar S, Qian C, Lv L, Pu C, Li Y, Li L, Marappan M, Lin J, Wang L, Duan W. The use of sensitive chemical antibodies for diagnosis: detection of low levels of EpCAM in breast cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57613. [PMID: 23460885 PMCID: PMC3584034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
EpCAM is expressed at low levels in a variety of normal human epithelial tissues, but is overexpressed in 70–90% of carcinomas. From a clinico-pathological point of view, this has both prognostic and therapeutic significance. EpCAM was first suggested as a therapeutic target for the treatment of epithelial cancers in the 1990s. However, following several immunotherapy trials, the results have been mixed. It has been suggested that this is due, at least in part, to an unknown level of EpCAM expression in the tumors being targeted. Thus, selection of patients who would benefit from EpCAM immunotherapy by determining EpCAM status in the tumor biopsies is currently undergoing vigorous evaluation. However, current EpCAM antibodies are not robust enough to be able to detect EpCAM expression in all pathological tissues. Here we report a newly developed EpCAM RNA aptamer, also known as a chemical antibody, which is not only specific but also more sensitive than current antibodies for the detection of EpCAM in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded primary breast cancers. This new aptamer, together with our previously described aptamer, showed no non-specific staining or cross-reactivity with tissues that do not express EpCAM. They were able to reliably detect target proteins in breast cancer xenograft where an anti-EpCAM antibody (323/A3) showed limited or no reactivity. Our results demonstrated a more robust detection of EpCAM using RNA aptamers over antibodies in clinical samples with chromogenic staining. This shows the potential of aptamers in the future of histopathological diagnosis and as a tool to guide targeted immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Shigdar
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine Qian
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Histopathology, St John of God Pathology, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Li Lv
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chunwen Pu
- Dalian Sixth People’s Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Yong Li
- Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, and St George Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Lianhong Li
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Manju Marappan
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jia Lin
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lifen Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- * E-mail: (WD); (LW)
| | - Wei Duan
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: (WD); (LW)
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14
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Pan D, McCahy P. Patient knowledge about prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate cancer in Australia. BJU Int 2012; 109 Suppl 3:52-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2012.11048.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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15
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Król M, Pawłowski KM, Szyszko K, Maciejewski H, Dolka I, Manuali E, Jank M, Motyl T. The gene expression profiles of canine mammary cancer cells grown with carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) as a co-culture in vitro. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:35. [PMID: 22453032 PMCID: PMC3355042 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is supposed that fibroblasts present in tumour microenvironment increase cancer invasiveness and its ability to metastasize but the mechanisms have not been clearly defined yet. Thus, the current study was designed to assess changes in gene expression in five various cancer cell lines grown as a co-culture with the carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in vitro. Results A carcinoma-associated fibroblast cell line was isolated from a canine mammary cancer. Then, a co-culture of cancer cells with the CAFs was established and maintained for 72 hrs. Having sorted the cells, a global gene expression in cancer cells using DNA microarrays was examined. The analysis revealed an up-regulation of 100 genes and a down-regulation of 106 genes in the cancer cells grown as a co-culture with the CAFs in comparison to control conditions. The PANTHER binomial statistics tool was applied to determine statistically over-manifested pathways (p < 0.05). Bulk of the up-regulated genes are involved in the adhesion, the angiogenesis, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and generally take part in the developmental processes. These results were further confirmed using real-time qPCR. Moreover, a wound-healing assay and growth characteristics on Matrigel matrix showed that CAFs increase cancer cell migration and matrix invasion. Conclusion The results of the current study showed that the co-culturing of cancer cells and the CAFs caused significant changes to the cancer gene expression. The presence of the CAFs in a microenvironment of cancer cells promotes adhesion, angiogenesis and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Król
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-WULS, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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¹⁸F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography finds answers in cancer patients with increasing tumor markers and negative or equivocal conventional imaging modalities. Nucl Med Commun 2012; 33:313-21. [PMID: 22237387 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0b013e32834ee824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in tumor markers with negative or equivocal conventional imaging modalities represents a serious dilemma in the follow-up of previously treated cancer patients. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has emerged as a useful tool in oncological imaging in staging and restaging of most cancers. OBJECTIVE This study explored the potential role of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT in the detection and localization of tumor recurrence in cancer patients with increasing serum tumor markers and negative or equivocal conventional imaging modalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study was conducted on 105 previously diagnosed and treated cancer patients with different pathologies. All patients were referred for ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT scans because of increasing tumor markers with negative or equivocal conventional imaging modalities. All patients underwent whole-body ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT scans. The findings were confirmed by clinical and/or radiological follow-up of at least 12 months and histopathologically whenever possible. RESULTS PET/CT detected recurrence and/or metastases in 90 patients (85.7%), including 17 recurrences, 50 metastases, and 23 recurrences and metastases. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of PET/CT scans were 95.7, 100, 100, 73.3, and 96.2%, respectively. These parameters were 95, 100, 100, 69, and 95% for PET scans alone and were 91.5, 100, 100, 57.9, and 92.3% for CT scans alone. CONCLUSION ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT is a powerful diagnostic tool in restaging of cancer patients. In most cases, PET/CT provides accurate results and helps resolve the clinical dilemma encountered in oncological patients with increasing serum tumor markers and negative or equivocal findings in conventional imaging modalities.
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Jelski W, Mroczko B, Szmitkowski M. The diagnostic value of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isoenzymes and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) measurement in the sera of colorectal cancer patients. Dig Dis Sci 2010; 55:2953-7. [PMID: 20069455 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-009-1098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The activity of total alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and class I isoenzymes is significantly higher in colorectal cancer tissue than in healthy mucosa. The activity of these enzymes in cancer cells is probably reflected in the sera and could thus be helpful for diagnosing colorectal cancer. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate a potential role of ADH and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) as tumor markers for colorectal cancer. We defined diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve for tested enzymes. METHODS Serum samples were taken from 182 patients with colorectal cancer before treatment and from 160 control subjects. Total ADH activity and class III and IV isoenzymes were measured by photometric, but ALDH activity and ADH I and II by the fluorometric method, with class-specific fluorogenic substrates. RESULTS There was significant increase in the activity of ADH I isoenzyme and ADH total in the sera of colorectal cancer patients compared to the control. The diagnostic sensitivity for ADH I was 76%, specificity 82%, AND positive and negative predictive values were 85 and 74%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of ADH I increased with the stage of the carcinoma. The area under ROC curve for ADH I was 0.72. CONCLUSION The results suggest a potential role for ADH I as marker for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Jelski
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland.
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18
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Jelski W, Orywal K, Laniewska M, Szmitkowski M. The diagnostic value of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isoenzymes and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) measurement in the sera of gastric cancer patients. Clin Exp Med 2010; 10:215-9. [PMID: 20454995 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-010-0097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) are present in gastric cancer cells (GC). Moreover, the activity of total ADH and class IV isoenzymes is significantly higher in cancer tissue than in healthy mucosa. The activity of these enzymes in cancer cells is probably reflected in the sera and could thus be helpful for diagnostics of gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate a potential role of ADH and ALDH as tumor markers for gastric cancer. We defined diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, predictive value for positive and negative results, and receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve for tested enzymes. Serum samples were taken from 168 patients with gastric cancer before treatment and from 168 control subjects. Total ADH activity and class III and IV isoenzymes were measured by photometric but ALDH activity and ADH I and II by the fluorometric method, with class-specific fluorogenic substrates. There was significant increase in the activity of ADH IV isoenzyme and ADH total in the sera of gastric cancer patients compared to the control. The diagnostic sensitivity for ADH IV was 73%, specificity 79%, positive and negative predictive values were 81 and 72% respectively. Area under ROC curve for ADH IV was 0.67. The results suggest a potential role for ADH IV as marker of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Jelski
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University, Waszyngtona 15 A, 15-269, Bialystok, Poland.
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Rasmussen N, Ditzel HJ. Scanning the Cell Surface Proteome of Cancer Cells and Identification of Metastasis-Associated Proteins Using a Subtractive Immunization Strategy. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:5048-59. [DOI: 10.1021/pr9004635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaj Rasmussen
- Medical Biotechnology Center, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsloewsvej 25, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark, Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Henrik J. Ditzel
- Medical Biotechnology Center, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsloewsvej 25, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark, Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
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Buico A, Cassino C, Ravera M, Betta PG, Osella D. Oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity in human plasma. Redox Rep 2009; 14:125-31. [PMID: 19490754 DOI: 10.1179/135100009x392557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While several tools are already available for the separate measurement of the oxidant and antioxidant pools, a single, quick and easy method for determining total oxidative stress would be advantageous. In the present study, we compare the plasma of untreated patients with leukemia/solid gynecological tumors (n = 50) and current regular smokers (n = 50) with a smoking history of >or=10 cigarettes per day to the plasma of healthy blood donors. Standard tools were used to measure total oxidant status, ceruloplasmin activity, total antioxidant capacity, uric acid content and oxidative stress index. Oxidative stress was also evaluated using the controversial d-ROMs test, a commercial method of reactive oxygen species detection. Statistically significant differences between the smokers and the control group were detected for all of the biochemical parameters. Conversely, the differences in the cancer patients were not statistically significant for oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Buico
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Alessandria, Italy
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21
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Sharma S. Tumor markers in clinical practice: General principles and guidelines. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2009; 30:1-8. [PMID: 20668599 PMCID: PMC2902207 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5851.56328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor markers are assuming a growing role in all aspects of cancer care, starting from screening to follow-up after treatment, and their judicious application in clinical practice needs a thorough understanding of the basics of pathophysiology, techniques of identification or testing, reasons for out-of-range levels of tumor markers, as well as the knowledge of evidence of their role in any given malignancy. These are, at the most, just an adjunct to diagnosis, and establishing a diagnosis on the basis of tumor markers alone (especially a single result) is fraught with associated pitfalls because of the problem of nonspecificity. In reality an ideal tumor marker does not exist. Detection can be done either in tissue or in body fluids like ascitic or pleural fluid or serum. Clinical uses can be broadly classified into 4 groups: screening and early detection, diagnostic confirmation, prognosis and prediction of therapeutic response and monitoring disease and recurrence. In addition to variable sensitivity and specificity, the prevalence of a particular malignancy may be a major determinant in the application of a particular test as a screening tool. Serum levels, in certain situations, can be used in staging, prognostication or prediction of response to therapy. Monitoring disease is, perhaps, the most common clinical use of serum tumor markers. Rising trend in serum levels may detect recurrence of disease well before any clinical or radiological evidence of disease is apparent ("biochemical recurrence"). Sampling should ideally be repeated after 5-6 half-lives of the marker in question (or the marker with the longest half-life if multiple markers are being considered); but if found elevated, the next sampling after 2-4 weeks, for additional evidence, may be justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Sharma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Ernakulam - 682026, Kerala, India
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Gao YC, Yuan ZB, Yang YD, Lu HK. Effect of freeze-thaw cycles on serum measurements of AFP, CEA, CA125 and CA19-9. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2008; 67:741-7. [PMID: 17852813 DOI: 10.1080/00365510701297480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AFP, CEA, CA125 and CA19-9 are commonly used serum tumour markers (TMs) in clinical practice, although their quantification by immunoassay may be influenced by pre-analytical sample handling. Though the effect of repetitive freeze-thaw cycles is generally recognized, it is not clear in detail. The present study measured (CLIA) these TMs in serum samples freshly separated and after each of five freeze-thaw cycles, in which the samples were frozen at -40 degrees C for 10 months at cycle 4 and 2 h at other cycles. Statistical analysis with the General Linear Model for Repeated Measures revealed significant decreases in the measurements of the four TMs, with the least decrease of 6.8 % for CA125 and the most decrease of 18.2 % for CA19-9 after the last cycle, and an overwhelming single cycle decrease of mean 7.7 % at cycle 4 for AFP, CEA and CA125, of 7.5 % and 9.3 % at cycles 4 and 5 for CA19-9. So it seems that measurements of AFP, CEA and CA125 are more readily affected by long-term frozen storage compared with frequent freezing-thawing, while CA19-9 is relatively unstable under both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-C Gao
- The Immunoassay Laboratory, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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23
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Abstract
Of all skin cancers, cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is the most aggressive and the life expectancy of patients with lymphatic or systemic metastases is dramatically reduced. Understandably therefore, scientists and clinicians have focused on improving diagnostic and prognostic techniques. Of these, perhaps the most promising are multimarker real-time RT-PCR and microarray for detection of circulating CMM cells in peripheral blood. While the optimal set of markers is still to be identified that can accurately assess disease severity and progression at all clinical stages of the disease, recent progress has been dramatic. Here we provide an exhaustive review of recent studies in which a variety of markers are assessed. Moreover, the efficacy of the markers relative to clinical stage is discussed in light of experimental findings. From these studies, it is apparent that researchers are now much closer to defining a set of markers of circulating cells that can be utilized in routine diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Medic
- School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, WA, Australia
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Mroczko B, Szmitkowski M, Wereszczyńska-Siemiatkowska U, Okulczyk B, Kedra B. Pretreatment serum levels of hematopoietic cytokines in patients with colorectal adenomas and cancer. Int J Colorectal Dis 2007; 22:33-8. [PMID: 16520929 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-006-0099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2006] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Hematopoietic cytokines (HCs) regulate the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells, and it was proved that HCs can promote cancer growth. The aim of this study is to determine whether HCs might be useful in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared the serum levels of stem cell factor (SCF), interleukin 3 (IL-3), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) in 97 colorectal cancer patients with those in 35 patients with colorectal adenomas and 65 healthy subjects (control group). Additionally, we investigated commonly accepted tumor markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9). HCs were determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CEA and CA 19-9 were measured by microparticle enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS Serum levels of GM-CSF, M-CSF, and tumor markers were significantly higher in cancer patients as compared to the control group and adenomas patients. Of these, hematopoietic cytokines were found elevated in the higher proportion of patients than CEA and CA 19-9. The sensitivity of SCF was higher than the sensitivity of other cytokines, but diagnostic specificity and predictive value were highest for M-CSF. Moreover, the M-CSF area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was larger than the areas of other cytokines. The highest values of diagnostic parameters were observed for the combined use of M-CSF with CEA. CONCLUSION The obtained data support the M-CSF usefulness as a tumor marker for colorectal cancer, especially in combination with CEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowska-Curie 24A, 15-276, Biaystok, Poland
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25
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Abstract
AbstractBreast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers among women in the western world. Due to the aggressive behaviour of some specific types and the possibility of an early diagnosis, breast cancer has been constantly studied. Tumour size, histological type, cellular and nuclear characteristics, mitotic index, vascular invasion, hormonal receptors and axillary lymph node status are biomarkers routinely used. However, these parameters are not enough to predict the course of this disease. Molecular biology advances have made it possible to find new markers, which have already been incorporated to the clinical practice. Their ultimate goal is to reduce mortality by identifying women at risk for the development of this disease, help diagnosis, determine prognosis, detect recurrences, monitor and guide treatment, and in particular cancers they are suited for general screening. Tumour markers in breast cancer were ranked in categories reflecting their clinical utility, according to the American College of Pathologists.This article focuses on traditional and new molecular markers stratifying them into categories and emphasizing their relevance in the routine evaluation of patients with breast cancer.
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The diagnostic value of G-CSF measurement in the sera of colorectal cancer and adenoma patients. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 371:143-7. [PMID: 16603145 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2006.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2006] [Revised: 02/28/2006] [Accepted: 02/28/2006] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) regulates the growth of hematopoietic progenitor cells. Cancer cells, including colorectal cancer, can produce this cytokine. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic value of measurement of G-CSF and classic tumor markers--carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) in the sera of colorectal cancer with adenoma patients and to determine its usefulness in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer and polyps. PATIENTS AND METHODS The serum levels of G-CSF and tumor markers were assayed in 76 colorectal cancer, 35 colorectal adenoma patients and in 65 healthy subjects. We defined the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and areas under ROC curves for the measurands. RESULTS Median values of G-CSF and tumor markers were significantly higher in colorectal cancer patients than those in healthy subjects. There were significant differences in the serum levels of G-CSF between adenoma patients and healthy subjects. The concentrations of tumor markers in colorectal cancer patients were higher than those in polyps. Combined use of G-CSF with CEA improved their diagnostic sensitivity in colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS Measurement of G-CSF might be useful in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer patients, but not in the differentiation between colorectal cancer and polyps.
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27
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Tran HA. Continuous inappropriate use of serum tumour markers. Intern Med J 2005; 35:640-1; author reply 641. [PMID: 16207270 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2005.00938.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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28
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Mroczko B, Szmitkowski M, Wereszczyńska-Siemiatkowska U, Okulczyk B. Stem cell factor (SCF) and interleukin 3 (IL-3) in the sera of patients with colorectal cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2005; 50:1019-24. [PMID: 15986847 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-005-2697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For a long time markers that can detect a malignant cell transformation as early as possible have been sought. Substances which have been discovered are known as tumor markers. Stem cell factor (SCF) and interleukin 3 (IL-3) are members of a group of glycoprotein growth factors called hematopoietic cytokines (HCs). These factors take part in the regulation of developmental processes of hematopoietic progenitor cells and it was proved that HCs can be produced by different cancer cells, including colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate a potential role for SCF and IL-3 as tumor markers for colorectal cancer. We compared the serum levels of SCF and IL-3 in colorectal cancer patients with those in healthy subjects (control group) and commonly accepted tumor markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9). We defined the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve of tested substances. SCF and IL-3 were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CEA and CA 19-9 were measured by microparticle enzyme immunoassay. The serum levels of HCs and tumor markers were investigated in 75 patients with colorectal cancer and in 40 healthy subjects. There were significant differences in the level of circulating SCF and IL-3 in the colorectal cancer patients compared to the control group. Moreover, the diagnostic sensitivity of SCF was higher than the sensitivity of CEA and CA 19-9. The SCF area under the ROC curve was larger than the IL-3 area but smaller than the CEA and CA 19-9 areas. The diagnostic specificities of cytokines were lower than those of tumor markers, but the combined use of cytokines and tumor markers increased the diagnostic values. The highest values of diagnostic parameters were observed for the combined use of SCF and CA 19-9. These results suggest a potential role for SCF and IL-3 as tumor markers for colorectal cancer, especially in combination with CEA or CA 19-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical Academy, Bialystok, Poland
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29
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López-Gómez M, López-Ruz M, Jiménez-Alonso J. Elevación del marcador tumoral CA 19-9 en un adenocarcinoma pulmonar. Rev Clin Esp 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2565(04)71461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mishra S, Sharma DC, Sharma P. Studies of biochemical parameters in breast cancer with and without metastasis. Indian J Clin Biochem 2004; 19:71-5. [PMID: 23105431 PMCID: PMC3453907 DOI: 10.1007/bf02872394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The study includes 102 confirmed cases of carcinoma breast with and without metastasis and 25 healthy non-pregnant females. They were evaluated for blood levels of Ferritin, GSH, LDH, ALP, GGT and Hb before and 21 days after mastectomy. A significant increase (p<0.001) was observed in ferritin, LDH and GSH levels in cancer patients without metastasis in comparison to normal control subjects. Patients with metastasis had further elevated (p<0.001) levels of Ferritin, ALP and GGT as compared to non-metastatic patients. Mastectomy in both the cases i.e. with and without metastasis resulted in non-significant decrease in all the biochemical parameters suggesting that longer follow up could confirm post surgery decrease in the biochemical parameters. The results of the study suggest cost effective, usefulness of Ferritin, ALP, GGT and GSH/Hb ratio in differentiating breast cancer patients with and without metastasis which can be assayed in smaller laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Mishra
- Deptt. Of Biochemistry, SMS Medical College, 302004 Jaipur
| | - D. C. Sharma
- Deptt. Of Biochemistry, SMS Medical College, 302004 Jaipur
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Deptt. Of Biochemistry, SMS Medical College, 302004 Jaipur
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31
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Abstract
In the past 10 years, molecular biology has found major applications in pathology, particularly in oncology. This has been a field of enormous expansion, where pure science has found a place in clinical practice and is now of everyday use in any academic unit. This demystified review will discuss the techniques used in molecular pathology and then provide examples of how these can be used in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Crocker
- Department of Histopathology, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK.
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32
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Sinclair A. Genetics 101: polymerase chain reaction. CMAJ 2002; 167:1032-3. [PMID: 12403744 PMCID: PMC134181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
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Martín-Subero JI, Chudoba I, Harder L, Gesk S, Grote W, Novo FJ, Calasanz MJ, Siebert R. Multicolor-FICTION: expanding the possibilities of combined morphologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic single cell analyses. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2002; 161:413-20. [PMID: 12163366 PMCID: PMC1850749 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic and genotypic analyses of cells are increasingly essential for understanding pathogenetic mechanisms as well as for diagnosing and classifying malignancies and other diseases. We report a novel multicolor approach based on the FICTION (fluorescence immunophenotyping and interphase cytogenetics as a tool for the investigation of neoplasms) technique, which enables the simultaneous detection of morphological, immunophenotypic, and genetic characteristics of single cells. As prerequisite, multicolor interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization assays for B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and anaplastic large-cell lymphoma have been developed. These assays allow the simultaneous detection of the most frequent primary chromosomal aberrations in these neoplasms, such as t(8;14), t(11;14), t(14;18), and t(3;14), and the various rearrangements of the ALK gene, respectively. To establish the multicolor FICTION technique, these assays were combined with the immunophenotypic detection of lineage- or tumor-specific antigens, namely CD20 and ALK, respectively. For evaluation of multicolor FICTION experiments, image acquisition was performed by automatic sequential capturing of multiple focal planes. Thus, three-dimensional information was obtained. The multicolor FICTION assays were applied to well-characterized lymphoma samples, proving the performance, validity, and diagnostic power of the technique. Future multicolor FICTION applications include the detection of preneoplastic lesions, early stage and minimal residual diseases, or micrometastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Koopmans
- Department General Internal Medicine, University Medical Center St Radboud, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
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Zudaire I, Odero MD, Caballero C, Valenti C, Martínez-Penuela JM, Isola J, Calasanz MJ. Genomic imbalances detected by comparative genomic hybridization are prognostic markers in invasive ductal breast carcinomas. Histopathology 2002; 40:547-55. [PMID: 12047766 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2559.2002.01413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this work is the study of the prognostic significance of the chromosomal aberrations described in a series of invasive ductal breast carcinomas. METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed by comparative genomic hybridization a group of 70 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded invasive ductal breast carcinomas. Aberrations showed a frequency similar to previous studies using frozen tumours. Interestingly, we identified gains involving 6q16-q24 more frequently than in other series. We analysed the association among the chromosomal imbalances, 11 histopathological factors, relapse rate and overall survival of patients. Associations showed 16q losses as a potential marker of good prognosis, as they were more frequent in node-negative (P=0.025) and in oestrogen-positive tumours (P < 0.001). Furthermore, 100% of bcl-2+ tumours presented this aberration compared with 29.3% in bcl-2- (P=0.014). 1q, 11q, 17q and 20q gains were associated with poor prognosis: 95% of cases with 1q gains were bigger than 20 mm (P=0.041). Tumours with 1q and 11q gains showed a higher relapse rate (P=0.063; P=0.066). Within the good prognosis group of lymph node-negative patients, 17q and 20q gains identify a subgroup with increased relapse rate (P=0.039). CONCLUSIONS Chromosomal imbalances, together with histopathological factors, may help to predict outcome in breast cancer patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Female
- Genome, Human
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Ki-67 Antigen/analysis
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization/methods
- Prognosis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/analysis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
- Receptors, Estrogen/analysis
- Receptors, Progesterone/analysis
- Survival Analysis
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- I Zudaire
- Department of Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Abstract
The resistance of cancers to conventional therapies has inspired the search for novel strategies. One such approach, namely gene therapy, is based upon the introduction of genes such as those encoding suicide proteins, tumour suppressor proteins or cytokines into tumour cells by means of a genetic vector. The efficiency with which viruses transfer their genes from one host cell to another has led to the widespread use of viruses as genetic vectors. For safety reasons, such virus vectors are generally replication-defective but, unfortunately, this has limited the efficacy of treatment by restricting the number of cells to which the therapeutic gene is delivered. For this reason, the use of replication-competent viruses has been proposed, since virus replication would be expected to lead to amplification and spread of the therapeutic genes in vivo. The replication of many viruses results in lysis of the host cells. This inherent cytotoxicity, together with the efficiency with which viruses can spread from one cell to another, has inspired the notion that replication-competent viruses could be exploited for cancer treatment. Some viruses have been shown to replicate more efficiently in transformed cells but it is unlikely that such examples will exhibit a high enough degree of tumour selectivity, and hence safety, for the treatment of patients. Our increasing knowledge of the pathogenesis of virus disease and the ability to manipulate specific regions of viral genomes have allowed the construction of viruses that are attenuated in normal cells but retain their ability to lyse tumour cells. Such manipulations have included modifying the ability of viruses to bind to, or replicate in, particular cell types, while others have involved the construction of replication-competent viruses encoding suicide proteins or cytokines. Naturally occurring or genetically engineered oncolytic viruses based upon adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, Newcastle disease virus, poliovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus, weasles virus and reovirus have been described. The results of animal studies are encouraging and a number of viruses are now being evaluated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J A Ring
- Gene Interference, Glaxo SmithKline Research & Development, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts SG1 2NY, UK1
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Poon TC, Johnson PJ. Proteome analysis and its impact on the discovery of serological tumor markers. Clin Chim Acta 2001; 313:231-9. [PMID: 11694264 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(01)00677-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteomics is a rapidly growing field of research that is becoming increasingly important as we enter the post-genome era. Remarkable improvements in the technologies of high-resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE) and mass spectrometry (MS) have marked the start of proteome analysis and its application to the study of human diseases. Besides studying the proteins involved in carcinogenesis, it is also applicable to the discovery of serological tumor markers for clinical uses, such as for hepatocellular carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS The combination of 2D PAGE and MS is the most widely used technique for proteomics, although other more automated high-throughput techniques are being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Poon
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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Abstract
Tumor markers used in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with neuroendocrine tumors are in most instances not specific for a given tumor and circulate under normal conditions in the serum, making their use as an early diagnostic tool difficult (low sensitivity). By combining hormone measurements with tissue responsiveness, demonstrations of inappropriate secretions of PTH, insulin, and gastrin during hypercalcemia, hypoglycemia, and hyperacidity, respectively, become highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tests. The application of polyclonal antibodies in RIAs of hormones, such as ACTH, insulin, and gastrin, increase the diagnostic level of hormone measurements in patients with neuroendocrine tumors. Other markers, such as chromogranin A, neuron-specific enolase, and alpha-subunit, as well as peptide receptor visualization, are of increasing importance in the diagnosis and follow-up of neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Lamberts
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Dijkzigt, Erasmus University, 40 Dr. Molewaterplein, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Quatra F, Colonna MR, Mandalà L, Russo A, Zanna I. Molecular assessment of head and neck cancer: the difficult passage from basic science to clinical application. Plast Reconstr Surg 2001; 108:581-3. [PMID: 11496220 DOI: 10.1097/00006534-200108000-00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Palmieri C, Fishpool S, Coombes RC. Tumour markers in malignancies. Two isoforms of oestrogen receptor are now known to exist. BMJ (CLINICAL RESEARCH ED.) 2000; 321:379-80. [PMID: 10991559 PMCID: PMC1118342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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