Vitamin D and risk of type 2 diabetes

Bioinspired Adhesive Hydrogel Platform with Photothermal Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Angiogenic Properties for Whole-Process Management of Diabetic Wounds

Diabetic wound healing remains a major challenge in modern medicine. The persistent inflammation and immune dysfunction hinder angiogenesis by producing excessive ROS and increasing the susceptibility to bacterial infection. In this study, we developed an integrated strategy for whole-process management of diabetic wounds based on a bioinspired adhesive hydrogel platform with hemostasis, photothermal antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic properties. A composite hydrogel (termed AQTGF) using poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and quaternized chitosan (QCS) as the backbone materials and loaded with a TA-Gd/Fe-bimetallic-phenolic coordination polymer was prepared. The AQTGF hydrogel displayed favorable mechanical properties, self-healing capabilities, adhesion characteristics, and photothermal response performance. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the AQTGF hydrogel exhibits excellent photothermal antimicrobial capacity and antioxidant, angiogenic, and M2 macrophage phenotype polarizing properties. In addition, the rat tail amputation and liver hemostasis experiments demonstrated that the AQTGF hydrogel had excellent hemostasis performance. Moreover, in vivo studies have indicated that AQTGF hydrogel can facilitate diabetic wound healing by accelerating epidermal growth, promoting collagen deposition, modulating macrophage M2 polarization, inhibiting inflammation, and promoting angiogenesis. In conclusion, this study provides an adaptable hydrogel that holds promise for the treatment of chronic diabetic wounds.

Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level is associated with elastography-detected liver fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in China

Objective

In this cross-sectional study including patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) we aimed to explore the relationship between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin (25(OH)D) level and liver steatosis and fibrosis in the Chinese population.

Methods

Patients visiting 16 clinical centers with T2DM were recruited. Their liver steatosis and fibrosis status were then assessed using elastography. Factors associated with steatosis and fibrosis were explored using regression analysis. Correlations between serum 25(OH)D levels and other patient characteristics were analyzed using linear regression.

Results

In total, 1,513 patients with T2DM were included in the study. The prevalence of steatosis and fibrosis was 69.7%, and 34.6%, separately. A lower level of 25(OH)D was detected in patients with liver steatosis compared to those without, although it was not an independent predictor of this condition. However, 25(OH)D level was independently associated with liver fibrosis even when adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, hemoglobin A1c, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (OR = 0.964 [0.935-0.993], P = 0.015). When patients were separated into subgroups by sex, a correlation between 25(OH)D and fibrosis was identified in the male group (OR = 0.969 [0.940-0.998], P = 0.038).

Conclusions

In conclusion, this multi-center, cross-sectional study in patients with T2DM showed that serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level was strongly associated with liver fibrosis and this relationship was more pronounced in male patients.

Clinical trial registration

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/, identifier NCT05597709.

Vitamin D supplementation modulates glycated hemoglobin (HBA1c) in diabetes mellitus

Diabetes is a metabolic illness that increases protein glycosylation in hyperglycemic conditions, which can have an impact on almost every organ system in the body. The role of vitamin D in the etiology of diabetes under RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) stress has recently received some attention on a global scale. Vitamin D's other skeletal benefits have generated a great deal of research. Vitamin D's function in the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes is supported by the discovery of 1,25 (OH)2D3 and 1-Alpha-Hydroylase expression in immune cells, pancreatic beta cells, and several other organs besides the bone system. A lower HBA1c level, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus all seems to be associated with vitamin D insufficiency. Most of the cross-sectional and prospective observational studies that were used to gather human evidence revealed an inverse relationship between vitamin D level and the prevalence or incidence of elevated HBA1c in type 2 diabetes. Several trials have reported on the impact of vitamin D supplementation for glycemia or incidence of type 2 diabetes, with varying degrees of success. The current paper examines the available data for a relationship between vitamin D supplementation and HBA1c level in diabetes and discusses the biological plausibility of such a relationship.