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Riganti P, Hoffmann TC. Shared decision-making and evidence-based medicine series: exploring contemporary challenges and future directions. BMJ Evid Based Med 2024:bmjebm-2024-113024. [PMID: 39038925 DOI: 10.1136/bmjebm-2024-113024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Riganti
- Family and Community Medicine Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tammy C Hoffmann
- Institute for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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2
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Junger N, Hirsch O. Ethics of Nudging in the COVID-19 Crisis and the Necessary Return to the Principles of Shared Decision Making: A Critical Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e57960. [PMID: 38601812 PMCID: PMC11005480 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nudging, a controversial technique for modifying people's behavior in a predictable way, is claimed to preserve freedom of choice while simultaneously influencing it. Nudging had been largely confined to situations such as promoting healthy eating choices but has been employed in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis in a shift towards measures that involve significantly less choice, such as shoves and behavioral prods. Shared decision making (SDM), a method for direct involvement and autonomy, is an alternative approach to communicate risk. Predominantly peer-reviewed scientific publications from standard literature databases like PubMed, PsycInfo, and Psyndex were evaluated in a narrative review. The so-called fear nudges, as well as the dissemination of strongly emotionalizing or moralizing messages can lead to intense psycho-physical stress. The use of these nudges by specialized units during the COVID-19 pandemic generated a societal atmosphere of fear that precipitated a deterioration of the mental and physical health of the population. Major recommendations of the German COVID-19 Snapshot Monitoring (COSMO) study, which are based on elements of nudging and coercive measures, do not comply with ethical principles, basic psychological principles, or evidence-based data. SDM was misused in the COVID-19 crisis, which helped to achieve one-sided goals of governments. The emphasis on utilitarian thinking is criticized and the unethical behavior of decision makers is explained by both using the concept of moral disengagement and the maturity level of coping strategies. There should be a return to an open-ended, democratic, and pluralistic scientific debate without using nudges. It is therefore necessary to return to the origins of SDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Junger
- Psychology, Independent Researcher, Tübingen, DEU
| | - Oliver Hirsch
- Psychology, FOM University of Applied Sciences, Siegen, DEU
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3
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Stevens G, Johnson LC, Saunders CH, Schmidt P, Sierpe A, Thomeer RP, Little NR, Cantrell M, Yen RW, Pogue JA, Holahan T, Schubbe DC, Forcino RC, Fillbrook B, Sheppard R, Wooten C, Goldmann D, O’Malley AJ, Dubé E, Durand MA, Elwyn G. The CONFIDENT study protocol: a randomized controlled trial comparing two methods to increase long-term care worker confidence in the COVID-19 vaccines. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:384. [PMID: 36823559 PMCID: PMC9948785 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15266-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical and real-world effectiveness data for the COVID-19 vaccines have shown that they are the best defense in preventing severe illness and death throughout the pandemic. However, in the US, some groups remain more hesitant than others about receiving COVID-19 vaccines. One important group is long-term care workers (LTCWs), especially because they risk infecting the vulnerable and clinically complex populations they serve. There is a lack of research about how best to increase vaccine confidence, especially in frontline LTCWs and healthcare staff. Our aims are to: (1) compare the impact of two interventions delivered online to enhanced usual practice on LTCW COVID-19 vaccine confidence and other pre-specified secondary outcomes, (2) determine if LTCWs' characteristics and other factors mediate and moderate the interventions' effect on study outcomes, and (3) explore the implementation characteristics, contexts, and processes needed to sustain a wider use of the interventions. METHODS We will conduct a three-arm randomized controlled effectiveness-implementation hybrid (type 2) trial, with randomization at the participant level. Arm 1 is a dialogue-based webinar intervention facilitated by a LTCW and a medical expert and guided by an evidence-based COVID-19 vaccine decision tool. Arm 2 is a curated social media web application intervention featuring interactive, dynamic content about COVID-19 and relevant vaccines. Arm 3 is enhanced usual practice, which directs participants to online public health information about COVID-19 vaccines. Participants will be recruited via online posts and advertisements, email invitations, and in-person visits to care settings. Trial data will be collected at four time points using online surveys. The primary outcome is COVID-19 vaccine confidence. Secondary outcomes include vaccine uptake, vaccine and booster intent for those unvaccinated, likelihood of recommending vaccination (both initial series and booster), feeling informed about the vaccines, identification of vaccine information and misinformation, and trust in COVID-19 vaccine information provided by different people and organizations. Exploration of intervention implementation will involve interviews with study participants and other stakeholders, an in-depth process evaluation, and testing during a subsequent sustainability phase. DISCUSSION Study findings will contribute new knowledge about how to increase COVID-19 vaccine confidence and effective informational modalities for LTCWs. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05168800 at ClinicalTrials.gov, registered December 23, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Stevens
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, US.
| | - Lisa C. Johnson
- grid.254880.30000 0001 2179 2404The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH US
| | - Catherine H. Saunders
- grid.254880.30000 0001 2179 2404The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH US
| | - Peter Schmidt
- grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753Department of Neurology, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY US
| | - Ailyn Sierpe
- grid.254880.30000 0001 2179 2404The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH US
| | - Rachael P. Thomeer
- grid.254880.30000 0001 2179 2404The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH US
| | - N. Ruth Little
- grid.255364.30000 0001 2191 0423Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC US
| | - Matthew Cantrell
- National Association of Health Care Assistants, Carl Junction, MO US
| | - Renata W. Yen
- grid.254880.30000 0001 2179 2404The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH US
| | - Jacqueline A. Pogue
- grid.254880.30000 0001 2179 2404The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH US
| | - Timothy Holahan
- grid.16416.340000 0004 1936 9174Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY US
| | - Danielle C. Schubbe
- grid.254880.30000 0001 2179 2404The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH US
| | - Rachel C. Forcino
- grid.254880.30000 0001 2179 2404The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH US
| | | | | | | | - Don Goldmann
- grid.418700.a0000 0004 0614 6393Institute for Healthcare Improvement, Boston, MA US
| | - A. James O’Malley
- grid.254880.30000 0001 2179 2404The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH US
| | - Eve Dubé
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Laval University, Quebec City, QC Canada
| | - Marie-Anne Durand
- grid.254880.30000 0001 2179 2404The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH US ,grid.511931.e0000 0004 8513 0292Unisanté, Centre universitaire de médecine générale et santé publique, Rue du Bugnon 44, Lausanne Switzerland ,CERPOP, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Toulouse, UPS France
| | - Glyn Elwyn
- grid.254880.30000 0001 2179 2404The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy & Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH US
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4
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Koskan AM, LoCoco IE, Daniel CL, Teeter BS. Rural Americans' COVID-19 Vaccine Perceptions and Willingness to Vaccinate against COVID-19 with Their Community Pharmacists: An Exploratory Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11010171. [PMID: 36680016 PMCID: PMC9864964 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In early 2022 in the U.S., rural adults were the least likely to vaccinate against COVID-19 due to vaccine hesitancy and reduced healthcare access. This study explored the factors influencing rural adults' COVID-19 vaccine perceptions and their acceptance of pharmacist-administered vaccination. We utilized phone-based semi-structured interviews with 30 adults living in rural regions of one southwestern state and analyzed the data using a team-based thematic analysis approach. Vaccine-willing participants described knowing other people affected by the virus and their desired protection from the virus. They reported trusting scientific institutions and the government to provide safe vaccines. Vaccine-hesitant populations, however, feared that the COVID-19 vaccine development process had been rushed, compromising the safety of these newer vaccines. Although they differed in the news sources they preferred for receiving COVID-19 vaccine information, both vaccine-willing and vaccine-hesitant participants described trusting local authorities, such as healthcare providers and county government officials, to provide accurate COVID-19 vaccine information. Regarding the acceptability of pharmacist-administered COVID-19 vaccinations, all but one participant described their acceptance of this healthcare delivery approach. Future outreach should leverage rural adults' trust in local sources, including community pharmacists, deemed more convenient access points to healthcare, when addressing vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M. Koskan
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 425 N 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Iris E. LoCoco
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 550 E Van Buren Street, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA
| | - Casey L. Daniel
- Department of Family Medicine, Whiddon College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, 5795 USA North Drive, Mobile, AL 36608, USA
| | - Benjamin S. Teeter
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Nguyen T, Boey L, Van Riet C, Dielen S, Dodion H, Giles-Vernick T, Vandaele N, Larson HJ, Peeters Grietens K, Gryseels C, Heyerdahl LW. Embracing context: Lessons from designing a dialogue-based intervention to address vaccine hesitancy. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1069199. [PMID: 36891336 PMCID: PMC9986323 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1069199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dialogue with people who are vaccine hesitant has been recommended as a method to increase vaccination uptake. The process of cultivating dialogue is shaped by the context in which it occurs, yet the development of interventions addressing vaccine hesitancy with dialogue often overlooks the role of context and favors relatively fixed solutions. This reflexive paper shares three key lessons related to context for dialogue-based interventions. These lessons emerged during a participatory research project to develop a pilot intervention to create open dialogue among healthcare workers in Belgium about COVID-19 vaccination concerns. Through a mixed methods study consisting of in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and surveys, we engaged healthcare workers in the design, testing, and evaluation of a digital platform featuring text-based and video-based (face-to-face) interactions. The lessons are: (1) what dialogue means, entails, and requires can vary for a population and context, (2) inherent tension exists between helping participants voice (and overcome) their concerns and exposing them to others' ideas that may exacerbate those concerns, and (3) interactional exchanges (e.g., with peers or experts) that matter to participants may shape the dialogue in terms of its content and form. We suggest that having a discovery-orientation-meaning to work not only inductively and iteratively but also reflexively-is a necessary part of the development of dialogue-based interventions. Our case also sheds light on the influences between: dialogue topic/content, socio-political landscape, population, intervention aim, dialogue form, ethics, researcher position, and types of interactional exchanges.
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Affiliation(s)
- ToTran Nguyen
- Socio-Ecological Health Research Unit, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Work and Organisation Studies, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lise Boey
- Access-To-Medicines Research Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carla Van Riet
- Access-To-Medicines Research Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stef Dielen
- Socio-Ecological Health Research Unit, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hélène Dodion
- Socio-Ecological Health Research Unit, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tamara Giles-Vernick
- Anthropology and Ecology of Disease Emergence Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Nico Vandaele
- Access-To-Medicines Research Centre, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Heidi J Larson
- Vaccine Confidence Project, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Koen Peeters Grietens
- Socio-Ecological Health Research Unit, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.,School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Charlotte Gryseels
- Socio-Ecological Health Research Unit, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Leonardo W Heyerdahl
- Anthropology and Ecology of Disease Emergence Unit, Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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6
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Lockyer B, Moss RH, Endacott C, Islam S, Sheard L. Compliant citizens, defiant rebels or neither? Exploring change and complexity in COVID-19 vaccine attitudes and decisions in Bradford, UK: Findings from a follow-up qualitative study. Health Expect 2022; 26:376-387. [PMID: 36457270 PMCID: PMC9854290 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 vaccines have been the central pillar of the public health response to the pandemic, intended to enable us to 'live with Covid'. It is important to understand change and complexity of COVID-19 vaccines attitudes and decisions to maximize uptake through an empathetic lens. OBJECTIVE To explore the factors that influenced people's COVID-19 vaccines decisions and how their complex attitudes towards the vaccines had changed in an eventful year. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS This is a follow-up study that took place in Bradford, UK between October 2021 and January 2022, 1 year after the original study. In-depth phone interviews were conducted with 12 (of the 20 originally interviewed) people from different ethnic groups and areas of Bradford. Reflexive thematic analysis was conducted. RESULTS Eleven of the 12 participants interviewed had received both doses of the COVID-19 vaccine and most intended to have a booster dose. Participants described a variety of reasons why they had decided to have the vaccines, including the following: feeling at increased risk at work; protecting family and others in their communities; unrestricted travel and being influenced by the vaccine decisions of family, friends and colleagues. All participants discussed ongoing interaction with COVID-19 misinformation and for some, this meant they were uneasy about their decision to have the vaccine. They described feeling overloaded by and disengaged from COVID-19 information, which they often found contradictory and some felt mistrustful of the UK Government's motives and decisions during the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS The majority of participants had managed to navigate an overwhelming amount of circulating COVID-19 misinformation and chosen to have two or more COVID-19 vaccines, even if they had been previously said they were unsure. However, these decisions were complicated, demonstrating the continuum of vaccine hesitancy and acceptance. This follow-up study underlines that vaccine attitudes are changeable and contextual. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION The original study was developed through a rapid community and stakeholder engagement process in 2020. Discussion with the Bradford Council Public Health team and the public through the Bradford COVID-19 Community Insights Group was undertaken in 2021 to identify important priorities for this follow-up study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Lockyer
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustBradfordUK
| | - Rachael H. Moss
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustBradfordUK
| | - Charlotte Endacott
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustBradfordUK
| | - Shahid Islam
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustBradfordUK
| | - Laura Sheard
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of YorkYorkUK
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7
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Chervenak FA, McCullough LB, Grünebaum A. Reversing physician hesitancy to recommend COVID-19 vaccination for pregnant patients. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 226:805-812. [PMID: 34762864 PMCID: PMC8572733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Physician hesitancy is said to occur when physicians do not recommend COVID-19 vaccination, and it is a contributing factor for the low vaccination rate for COVID-19 in pregnant women. Physician hesitancy has become a major, unaddressed problem with regard to the quality and safety of obstetrical care. We identify 3 root causes of physician hesitancy and describe how professional ethics in obstetrics should guide in reversing these root causes. They are clinical misapplications of key components of professionally responsible obstetrical practice: therapeutic nihilism, shared decision-making, and respect for patient autonomy. Therapeutic nihilism directs the obstetrician to avoid any clinical interventions during pregnancy to prevent teratogenic effects that might be unknown. Therapeutic nihilism is misapplied when there is a documented net clinical benefit with no evidence of clinical harm. Shared decision directs the obstetrician to only offer but not recommend clinical management. Shared decision-making plays a major role when there is uncertainty in clinical judgment but is misapplied when it becomes a universal model. It does not apply when there is a net clinical benefit. When there is a net clinical benefit, clinical management should be recommended, not simply offered. The ethical principle of respect for patient autonomy plays an indispensable role in decision-making with patients. It is misapplied when it is assumed that respect for autonomy requires physicians not to make recommendations and to defer to and implement patients' decisions without exception. There is evidence that the obstetrician's recommendations about the management of pregnancy are the most important factor in a pregnant woman's decision-making. Simply deferring to the patient's decisions makes for misapplied respect for patient autonomy. Obstetricians must end physician hesitancy about COVID-19 vaccination of pregnant women by reversing these 3 root causes of physician hesitancy. Reversing the root causes of physician hesitancy is an urgent matter of patient safety. The longer physician hesitancy continues and the longer the low vaccine acceptance rate of pregnant women lasts, preventable serious diseases, deaths of pregnant women, intensive care unit admissions, stillbirths, and other maternal and fetal complications of unvaccinated women will continue to occur. Physician hesitancy should not be permitted to influence the response to future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Chervenak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, NY
| | - Laurence B McCullough
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, NY
| | - Amos Grünebaum
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, NY.
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8
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Therapist disclosure to combat COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: a narrative review. J Behav Med 2022; 46:346-355. [PMID: 35355152 PMCID: PMC8967560 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-022-00305-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019–2020 and the rapid development of vaccines to prevent this disease came a rise in interest around vaccine hesitancy. Naturally, methods of combatting vaccine hesitancy and increasing vaccination rates are of paramount importance. One such method is building upon the trust and openness of one’s relationship with their healthcare provider. Specifically, this paper examines how psychotherapist self-disclosure could facilitate effective health behaviors in patients, focusing on vaccines. Traditionally, mental health therapists have been encouraged to avoid self-disclosure of personal information due to the possibility of unbalancing or damaging the therapeutic relationship. However, research from medicine and other disciplines suggests that personal recommendation, self-disclosure of vaccination status, and expert encouragement may be effective methods of addressing vaccine hesitancy. In addition, recommendations for therapists in discussing vaccination and in working with vaccine-hesitant patients are provided.
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9
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D'Souza RS, Daraz L, Hooten WM, Guyatt G, Murad MH. Users' Guides to the Medical Literature series on social media (part 1): how to interpret healthcare information available on platforms. BMJ Evid Based Med 2022; 27:11-14. [PMID: 34933925 DOI: 10.1136/bmjebm-2021-111817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S D'Souza
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lubna Daraz
- School of Library and Information Science, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - W Michael Hooten
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gordon Guyatt
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammad Hassan Murad
- Kern Center for the Science of Healthcare Delivery, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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10
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Wagner AL, Porth JM, Wu Z, Boulton ML, Finlay JM, Kobayashi LC. Vaccine Hesitancy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Latent Class Analysis of Middle-Aged and Older US Adults. J Community Health 2022; 47:408-415. [PMID: 35079933 PMCID: PMC8788403 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-022-01064-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is important to distinguish between apprehensions that lead to vaccine rejection and those that do not. In this study, we (1) identifed latent classes of individuals by vaccination attitudes, and (2) compared classes of individuals by sociodemographic characteristics COVID-19 vaccination, and risk reduction behaviors. The COVID-19 Coping Study is a longitudinal cohort of US adults aged ≥ 55 years (n = 2358). We categorized individuals into three classes based on the adult Vaccine Hesitancy Scale using latent class analysis (LCA). The associations between class membership and sociodemographic characteristics, COVID-19 vaccination, and other behaviors were assessed using chi-square tests. In total, 88.9% were Vaccine Acceptors, 8.6% were Vaccine Ambivalent, and 2.5% Vaccine Rejectors. At the end, 90.7% of Acceptors, 62.4% of the Ambivalent, and 30.7% of the Rejectors had been vaccinated. The Ambivalent were more likely to be Black or Hispanic, and adopted social distancing and mask wearing behaviors intermediate to that of the Acceptors and Rejectors. Targeting the Vaccine Ambivalent may be an efficient way of increasing vaccination coverage. Controlling the spread of disease during a pandemic requires tailoring vaccine messaging to their concerns, e.g., through working with trusted community leaders, while promoting other risk reduction behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abram L Wagner
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Julia M Porth
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Zhenke Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Matthew L Boulton
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jessica M Finlay
- Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, Social Environment and Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Lindsay C Kobayashi
- Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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11
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Tavares ACFMG, de Melo AKG, Cruz VA, de Souza VA, de Carvalho JS, Machado KLLL, de Azevedo Valadares LD, Dos Reis Neto ET, de Rezende RPV, de Resende Guimarães MFB, Ferreira GA, de Sousa Braz A, de Abreu Vieira RMR, de Medeiros Pinheiro M, Ribeiro SLE, Bica BEGR, Baptista KL, da Costa IP, Marques CDL, Lopes MLL, Martinez JE, Giorgi RDN, da Mota LMH, da Rocha Loures MAA, Dos Santos Paiva E, Monticielo OA, Xavier RM, Kakehasi AM, Pileggi GCS. Guidelines on COVID-19 vaccination in patients with immune-mediated rheumatic diseases: a Brazilian Society of Rheumatology task force. Adv Rheumatol 2022; 62:3. [PMID: 35039077 PMCID: PMC8762982 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-022-00234-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To provide guidelines on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in patients with immune-mediated rheumatic diseases (IMRD) to rheumatologists considering specific scenarios of the daily practice based on the shared-making decision (SMD) process.
Methods A task force was constituted by 24 rheumatologists (panel members), with clinical and research expertise in immunizations and infectious diseases in immunocompromised patients, endorsed by the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology (BSR), to develop guidelines for COVID-19 vaccination in patients with IMRD. A consensus was built through the Delphi method and involved four rounds of anonymous voting, where five options were used to determine the level of agreement (LOA), based on the Likert Scale: (1) strongly disagree; (2) disagree, (3) neither agree nor disagree (neutral); (4) agree; and (5) strongly agree. Nineteen questions were addressed and discussed via teleconference to formulate the answers. In order to identify the relevant data on COVID-19 vaccines, a search with standardized descriptors and synonyms was performed on September 10th, 2021, of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, and LILACS to identify studies of interest. We used the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale to assess the quality of nonrandomized studies. Results All the nineteen questions-answers (Q&A) were approved by the BSR Task Force with more than 80% of panelists voting options 4—agree—and 5—strongly agree—, and a consensus was reached. These Guidelines were focused in SMD on the most appropriate timing for IMRD patients to get vaccinated to reach the adequate covid-19 vaccination response. Conclusion These guidelines were developed by a BSR Task Force with a high LOA among panelists, based on the literature review of published studies and expert opinion for COVID-19 vaccination in IMRD patients. Noteworthy, in the pandemic period, up to the time of the review and the consensus process for this document, high-quality evidence was scarce. Thus, it is not a substitute for clinical judgment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42358-022-00234-7.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Karla Guedes de Melo
- Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, R. Tab. Stanislau Eloy, 585 - Castelo Branco, João Pessoa, Paraíba, 58050-585, Brazil.
| | - Vítor Alves Cruz
- Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alessandra de Sousa Braz
- Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, R. Tab. Stanislau Eloy, 585 - Castelo Branco, João Pessoa, Paraíba, 58050-585, Brazil
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