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Yamada N, Kobayashi K, Nagira A, Toshimitsu T, Sato A, Kano H, Hojo K. The Beneficial Effects of Regular Intake of Lactobacillus paragasseri OLL2716 on Gastric Discomfort in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:3188. [PMID: 39339788 PMCID: PMC11434869 DOI: 10.3390/nu16183188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of Lactobacillus paragasseri OLL2716 on gastrointestinal symptoms in healthy adults with gastric complaints. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 174 healthy Japanese adults were randomly assigned to an OLL2716 or placebo group, and each group consumed 85 g of yogurt containing L. paragasseri OLL2716 or placebo yogurt daily for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the change in gastric symptoms from baseline as per the participants' questionnaires at 6 and 12 weeks. The secondary endpoints were changes from baseline in the short-form Nepean Dyspepsia Index (SF-NDI), the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), and the Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire-Japanese (CNAQ-J) scores at 6 and 12 weeks. The primary endpoint data showed that the changes in "epigastric pain" at 6 and 12 weeks were significantly decreased in the OLL2716 group compared with those in the placebo group. Additionally, the changes in "epigastric pain syndrome-like symptoms" were significantly decreased in the OLL2716 group compared with those in the placebo group at 6 weeks. The SF-NDI items that improved at 6 weeks were "irritable, tense, or frustrated", "enjoyment of eating or drinking", and "tension", which are sub-scales related to mental stress. The items "Over-all" in the GSRS and "feeling hungry" in the CNAQ-J significantly improved in the OLL2716 group compared with the placebo group at 12 weeks. The results suggest that regular intake of L. paragasseri OLL2716 may improve both gastric discomfort and mental stress in healthy adults with gastric complaints, such as postprandial fullness or early satiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruomi Yamada
- Health Science Research Unit, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co., Ltd., Tokyo 192-0919, Japan; (N.Y.); (A.N.); (T.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Kyosuke Kobayashi
- Wellness Science Labs, Meiji Holdings Co., Ltd., Tokyo 192-0919, Japan; (K.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Akika Nagira
- Health Science Research Unit, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co., Ltd., Tokyo 192-0919, Japan; (N.Y.); (A.N.); (T.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Takayuki Toshimitsu
- Health Science Research Unit, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co., Ltd., Tokyo 192-0919, Japan; (N.Y.); (A.N.); (T.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Asako Sato
- Health Science Research Unit, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co., Ltd., Tokyo 192-0919, Japan; (N.Y.); (A.N.); (T.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Hiroshi Kano
- Wellness Science Labs, Meiji Holdings Co., Ltd., Tokyo 192-0919, Japan; (K.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Kenichi Hojo
- Health Science Research Unit, Division of Research and Development, Meiji Co., Ltd., Tokyo 192-0919, Japan; (N.Y.); (A.N.); (T.T.); (A.S.)
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Collatuzzo G, Negri E, Pelucchi C, Bonzi R, Turati F, Rabkin CS, Liao LM, Sinha R, Palli D, Ferraroni M, López-Carrillo L, Lunet N, Morais S, Albanes D, Weinstein SJ, Parisi D, Zaridze D, Maximovitch D, Dierssen-Sotos T, Jiménez-Moleón JJ, Vioque J, Garcia de la Hera M, Curado MP, Dias-Neto E, Hernández-Ramírez RU, López-Cervantes M, Ward MH, Tsugane S, Hidaka A, Lagiou A, Lagiou P, Zhang ZF, Trichopoulou A, Karakatsani A, Camargo MC, La Vecchia C, Boffetta P. Yoghurt Intake and Gastric Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of 16 Studies of the StoP Consortium. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081877. [PMID: 37111097 PMCID: PMC10147010 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yoghurt can modify gastrointestinal disease risk, possibly acting on gut microbiota. Our study aimed at exploring the under-investigated association between yoghurt and gastric cancer (GC). METHODS We pooled data from 16 studies from the Stomach Cancer Pooling (StoP) Project. Total yoghurt intake was derived from food frequency questionnaires. We calculated study-specific odds ratios (ORs) of GC and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for increasing categories of yoghurt consumption using univariate and multivariable unconditional logistic regression models. A two-stage analysis, with a meta-analysis of the pooled adjusted data, was conducted. RESULTS The analysis included 6278 GC cases and 14,181 controls, including 1179 cardia and 3463 non-cardia, 1191 diffuse and 1717 intestinal cases. The overall meta-analysis revealed no association between increasing portions of yoghurt intake (continuous) and GC (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.94-1.02). When restricting to cohort studies, a borderline inverse relationship was found (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.88-0.99). The adjusted and unadjusted OR were 0.92 (95% CI = 0.85-0.99) and 0.78 (95% CI = 0.73-0.84) for any vs. no yoghurt consumption and GC risk. The OR for 1 category of increase in yoghurt intake was 0.96 (95% CI = 0.91-1.02) for cardia, 1.03 (95% CI = 1.00-1.07) for non-cardia, 1.12 (95% CI = 1.07-1.19) for diffuse and 1.02 (95% CI = 0.97-1.06) for intestinal GC. No effect was seen within hospital-based and population-based studies, nor in men or women. CONCLUSIONS We found no association between yoghurt and GC in the main adjusted models, despite sensitivity analyses suggesting a protective effect. Additional studies should further address this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Collatuzzo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Pelucchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Rossella Bonzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Turati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Charles S Rabkin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Linda M Liao
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Rashmi Sinha
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, ISPRO, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Monica Ferraroni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Nuno Lunet
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Samantha Morais
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Dominick Parisi
- Information management Services, Inc., Silver Spring, MD 20904, USA
| | - David Zaridze
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center for Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Maximovitch
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center for Oncology, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Trinidad Dierssen-Sotos
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - José Juan Jiménez-Moleón
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Jesus Vioque
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernandez (ISABIAL-UMH), 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | - Manoli Garcia de la Hera
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernandez (ISABIAL-UMH), 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | - Maria Paula Curado
- Centro Internacional de Pesquisa, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Dias-Neto
- Centro Internacional de Pesquisa, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mary H Ward
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
| | - Akihisa Hidaka
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Areti Lagiou
- Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zuo-Feng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 10833, USA
| | | | - Anna Karakatsani
- Hellenic Health Foundation, 11527 Athens, Greece
- 2nd Pulmonary Medicine Department, Medical School, "ATTIKON" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Haidari, Greece
| | - Maria Constanza Camargo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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Singh R, Zogg H, Ghoshal UC, Ro S. Current Treatment Options and Therapeutic Insights for Gastrointestinal Dysmotility and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:808195. [PMID: 35145413 PMCID: PMC8822166 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.808195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) have been re-named as disorders of gut-brain interactions. These conditions are not only common in clinical practice, but also in the community. In reference to the Rome IV criteria, the most common FGIDs, include functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Additionally, there is substantial overlap of these disorders and other specific gastrointestinal motility disorders, such as gastroparesis. These disorders are heterogeneous and are intertwined with several proposed pathophysiological mechanisms, such as altered gut motility, intestinal barrier dysfunction, gut immune dysfunction, visceral hypersensitivity, altered GI secretion, presence and degree of bile acid malabsorption, microbial dysbiosis, and alterations to the gut-brain axis. The treatment options currently available include lifestyle modifications, dietary and gut microbiota manipulation interventions including fecal microbiota transplantation, prokinetics, antispasmodics, laxatives, and centrally and peripherally acting neuromodulators. However, treatment that targets the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the symptoms are scanty. Pharmacological agents that are developed based on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying pathologies of these disorders might provide the best avenue for future pharmaceutical development. The currently available therapies lack long-term effectiveness and safety for their use to treat motility disorders and FGIDs. Furthermore, the fundamental challenges in treating these disorders should be defined; for instance, 1. Cause and effect cannot be disentangled between symptoms and pathophysiological mechanisms due to current therapies that entail the off-label use of medications to treat symptoms. 2. Despite the knowledge that the microbiota in our gut plays an essential part in maintaining gut health, their exact functions in gut homeostasis are still unclear. What constitutes a healthy microbiome and further, the precise definition of gut microbial dysbiosis is lacking. More comprehensive, large-scale, and longitudinal studies utilizing multi-omics data are needed to dissect the exact contribution of gut microbial alterations in disease pathogenesis. Accordingly, we review the current treatment options, clinical insight on pathophysiology, therapeutic modalities, current challenges, and therapeutic clues for the clinical care and management of functional dyspepsia, gastroparesis, irritable bowel syndrome, functional constipation, and functional diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Singh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Hannah Zogg
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Uday C Ghoshal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
- *Correspondence: Uday C Ghoshal, ; Seungil Ro,
| | - Seungil Ro
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
- *Correspondence: Uday C Ghoshal, ; Seungil Ro,
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Singh R, Zogg H, Ro S. Role of microRNAs in Disorders of Gut-Brain Interactions: Clinical Insights and Therapeutic Alternatives. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11101021. [PMID: 34683162 PMCID: PMC8541612 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11101021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorders of gut–brain interactions (DGBIs) are heterogeneous in nature and intertwine with diverse pathophysiological mechanisms. Regular functioning of the gut requires complex coordinated interplay between a variety of gastrointestinal (GI) cell types and their functions are regulated by multiple mechanisms at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by binding to specific mRNA targets to repress their translation and/or promote the target mRNA degradation. Dysregulation of miRNAs might impair gut physiological functions leading to DGBIs and gut motility disorders. Studies have shown miRNAs regulate gut functions such as visceral sensation, gut immune response, GI barrier function, enteric neuronal development, and GI motility. These biological processes are highly relevant to the gut where neuroimmune interactions are key contributors in controlling gut homeostasis and functional defects lead to DGBIs. Although extensive research has explored the pathophysiology of DGBIs, further research is warranted to bolster the molecular mechanisms behind these disorders. The therapeutic targeting of miRNAs represents an attractive approach for the treatment of DGBIs because they offer new insights into disease mechanisms and have great potential to be used in the clinic as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Here, we review recent advances regarding the regulation of miRNAs in GI pacemaking cells, immune cells, and enteric neurons modulating pathophysiological mechanisms of DGBIs. This review aims to assess the impacts of miRNAs on the pathophysiological mechanisms of DGBIs, including GI dysmotility, impaired intestinal barrier function, gut immune dysfunction, and visceral hypersensitivity. We also summarize the therapeutic alternatives for gut microbial dysbiosis in DGBIs, highlighting the clinical insights and areas for further exploration. We further discuss the challenges in miRNA therapeutics and promising emerging approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Seungil Ro
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-775-784-1462; Fax: +1-775-784-6903
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Wei L, Singh R, Ro S, Ghoshal UC. Gut microbiota dysbiosis in functional gastrointestinal disorders: Underpinning the symptoms and pathophysiology. JGH Open 2021; 5:976-987. [PMID: 34584964 PMCID: PMC8454481 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), currently known as disorders of gut-brain interaction, are emerging microbiota-gut-brain abnormalities that are prevalent worldwide. The pathogenesis of FGIDs is heterogeneous and is intertwined with gut microbiota and its derived molecule-modulated mechanisms, including gut dysmotility, visceral hypersensitivity, gut immune abnormalities, abnormal secretion, and impaired barrier function. There has been phenomenal progress in understanding the role of gut microbiota in FGIDs by underpinning the species alternations between healthy and pathological conditions such as FGIDs. However, the precise gut microbiota-directed cellular and molecular pathogeneses of FGIDs are yet enigmatic. Determining the mechanistic link between the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal (GI) diseases has been difficult due to (i) the lack of robust animal models imitating the various aspects of human FGID pathophysiology; (ii) the absence of longitudinal human and/or animal studies to unveil the interaction of the gut microbiota with FGID-relevant pathogenesis; (iii) uncertainty about connections between human and animal studies; and (iv) insufficient data supporting a holistic view of disease-specific pathophysiological changes in FGID patients. These unidentified gaps open possibilities to explore pathological mechanisms directed through gut microbiota dysbiosis in FGIDs. The current treatment options for dysbiotic gut microbiota are limited; dietary interventions, antibiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation are the front-line clinical options. Here, we review the contribution of gut microbiota and its derived molecules in gut homeostasis and explore the possible pathophysiological mechanisms involved in FGIDs leading to potential therapeutics options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wei
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyUniversity of Nevada, Reno, School of MedicineRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Rajan Singh
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyUniversity of Nevada, Reno, School of MedicineRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Seungil Ro
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyUniversity of Nevada, Reno, School of MedicineRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Uday C Ghoshal
- Department of GastroenterologySanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical SciencesLucknowIndia
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Screening of potential probiotics with anti-Helicobacter pylori activity from infant feces through principal component analysis. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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The Effect of Continuous Intake of Lactobacillus gasseri OLL2716 on Mild to Moderate Delayed Gastric Emptying: A Randomized Controlled Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061852. [PMID: 34071718 PMCID: PMC8230235 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been suggested to be effective for functional dyspepsia, but their effect on gastric motility is not clear. We evaluated the effect of Lactobacillus gasseri OLL2716 (LG21 strain) on mild to moderate delayed gastric emptying by a double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Participants (n = 28) were randomly assigned to ingest LG21 strain-containing yogurt (LG21 strain group) or LG21 strain-free yogurt (placebo group) for 12 weeks. The 13C gastric emptying breath test was performed to measure the gastric emptying rate over time following ingestion of a liquid meal, and the time to reach the peak (Tmax) was used as an indicator of gastric emptying. We also measured the salivary amylase concentration, an indicator of autonomic dysfunction under stress. The per-protocol population (n = 27, male n = 4, female n = 23) was evaluated for efficacy. When a ≥30% reduction in the difference between participant's Tmax and the Japanese mean Tmax was defined as an improvement, the odds ratio of improvement in delayed gastric emptying compared to placebo after 12 weeks was 4.1 (95% confidence interval, 0.8 to 20.2). Moreover, salivary amylase concentrations were significantly lower than in the placebo group, indicating an improvement in autonomic function. The present data were not enough to support the beneficial effects of the LG21 strain on delayed gastric emptying. However, if we define the odds ratio in further study investigated with a larger number of participants, LG21 strain might be expected to have some impact on delayed gastric emptying.
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Waziri A, Bharti C, Aslam M, Jamil P, Mirza A, Javed MN, Pottoo U, Ahmadi A, Alam MS. Probiotics for the Chemoprotective Role Against the Toxic Effect of Cancer Chemotherapy. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:654-667. [PMID: 33992067 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210514000615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The processes of chemo- and radiation therapy-based clinical management of different types of cancers are associated with toxicity and side effects of chemotherapeutic agents. So, there is always an unmet need to explore agents to reduce such risk factors. Among these, natural products have generated much attention because of their potent antioxidant and antitumor effects. In the past, some breakthrough outcomes established that various bacteria in the human intestinal gut are bearing growth-promoting attributes and suppressing the conversion of pro-carcinogens into carcinogens. Hence, probiotics integrated approaches are nowadays being explored as rationalized therapeutics in the clinical management of cancer. METHODS Here, published literature was explored to review chemoprotective roles of probiotics against toxic and side effects of chemotherapeutics. RESULTS Apart from excellent anti-cancer abilities, probiotics are bearing and alleviate toxicity and side effects of chemotherapeutics, with a high degree of safety and efficiency. CONCLUSION Preclinical and clinical evidence suggested that due to the chemoprotective roles of probiotics against side effects and toxicity of chemotherapeutics, their integration in chemotherapy would be a judicious approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aafrin Waziri
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi, India
| | - Charu Bharti
- School of medical and Allied Sciences, K R Mangalam University, Haryana, India
| | - Mohammed Aslam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, AL Hawash Private University, Homs, Serbia
| | - Parween Jamil
- Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Aamir Mirza
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Uzma Pottoo
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Applied Sciences & Technology, University of Kashmir, JK, India
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Md Sabir Alam
- School of medical and Allied Sciences, K R Mangalam University, Haryana, India
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Phuong Ta L, Bujna E, Kun S, Charalampopoulos D, Khutoryanskiy VV. Electrosprayed mucoadhesive alginate-chitosan microcapsules for gastrointestinal delivery of probiotics. Int J Pharm 2021; 597:120342. [PMID: 33545291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Besides viability protection, a sufficiently prolonged gastrointestinal retention of probiotics has emerged as critically important in improving the functional effectiveness of gastrointestinal delivery of these microorganisms. In this work, we formulated pure, resistant starch-reinforced and chitosan-coated alginate microparticles using an electrospray technique and evaluated their performance as mucoadhesive probiotic formulations for gastrointestinal delivery. In addition, we designed and successfully validated a novel experimental set-up of in vitro wash-off mucoadhesion test, using a portable and low-cost USB microscope for fluorescence imaging. In our test, pure chitosan microparticles (positive control) exhibited the greatest mucoadhesive property, whereas the alginate-resistant starch ones (negative control) were the least retentive on a gastric mucosa. These electrosprayed formulations were spherically shaped, with a size range of 30-600 µm (60-1300 µm with chitosan coating). Moreover, model probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum loaded in alginate-starch formulations was better protected against simulated gastric conditions than in alginate ones, but not better than in the chitosan-coated ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Phuong Ta
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 224, Reading RG6 6DX, United Kingdom; Institute of Biosystems Engineering and Process Control, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi út 45, H-1118, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Bujna
- Institute of Biosystems Engineering and Process Control, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi út 45, H-1118, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Kun
- Institute of Biosystems Engineering and Process Control, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi út 45, H-1118, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dimitris Charalampopoulos
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6DZ, United Kingdom
| | - Vitaliy V Khutoryanskiy
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 224, Reading RG6 6DX, United Kingdom.
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Cuna A, Yu W, Menden H, Feng L, Srinivasan P, Chavez-Bueno S, Ahmed I, Umar S, Sampath V. NEC-like intestinal injury is ameliorated by Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in parallel with SIGIRR and A20 induction in neonatal mice. Pediatr Res 2020; 88:546-555. [PMID: 32053825 PMCID: PMC8213439 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0797-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exaggerated Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling and intestinal dysbiosis are key contributors to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) decreases NEC in preterm infants, but underlying mechanisms of protection remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that LGG alleviates dysbiosis and upregulates TLR inhibitors to protect against TLR-mediated gut injury. METHODS Effects of LGG (low- and high-dose) on intestinal pro-inflammatory TLR signaling and injury in neonatal mice subjected to formula feeding (FF) and NEC were determined. 16S sequencing of stool and expression of anti-TLR mediators SIGIRR (single immunoglobulin interleukin-1-related receptor) and A20 were analyzed. RESULTS FF induced mild intestinal injury with increased expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and Kupffer cell (KC) (mouse homolog of IL-8) compared to controls. LGG decreased IL-1β and KC in association with attenuated TLR signaling and increased SIGIRR and A20 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Low- and high-dose LGG had varying effects on gut microbiome despite both doses providing gut protection. Subsequent experiments of LGG on NEC revealed that pro-inflammatory TLR signaling and intestinal injury were also decreased, and SIGIRR and A20 expression increased, in a dose-dependent manner with LGG pre-treatment. CONCLUSIONS LGG protects against intestinal TLR-mediated injury by upregulating TLR inhibitors without major changes in gut microbiome composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Cuna
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City MO,Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City MO
| | - Wei Yu
- Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City MO
| | | | - Linda Feng
- Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City MO
| | | | - Susana Chavez-Bueno
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City MO,Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City MO
| | - Ishfaq Ahmed
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City KS
| | - Shahid Umar
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City KS
| | - Venkatesh Sampath
- University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA. .,Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW With the growing popularity and commercialization of probiotics, it is important to understand the implications of existing randomized controlled trials and their applicability in the clinical setting to treat luminal gastrointestinal diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Probiotics may be useful in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, prevention of Clostridioides difficile infection and eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Some evidence supports the use of probiotics in the treatment of ulcerative colitis, prevention and treatment of pouchitis and irritable bowel syndrome. Caution has to be exercised in immunocompromised and critically ill individuals. New society guidelines do not encourage probiotic use in gastrointestinal disorders with the exception of premature infants to prevent necrotizing enterocolitis. SUMMARY Despite burgeoning body of literature and wide acceptance by the public, a thorough understanding of efficacy and safety of probiotics is lacking. Uniform dosage, standardized clinical end points, personalization based on host microbial profile and longer duration of follow-up on the research front may help in the future in appropriate positioning of probiotics in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbinaya Elangovan
- Department of Internal Medicine-Pediatrics, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Monika Fischer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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12
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Increase in the Lipopolysaccharide Activity and Accumulation of Gram-Negative Bacteria in the Stomach With Low Acidity. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2020; 11:e00190. [PMID: 32764206 PMCID: PMC7386353 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) are highly toxic and induce inflammation. Therefore, we investigated both the LPS activity and composition of GNB in the gastric fluid (GF) to assess the potential toxicity of them accumulated in the stomach. METHODS: GF and saliva samples were obtained from 158 outpatients who were undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and 36 volunteers using a nasogastric tube. The LPS activity was measured by assay kits including recombinant Factor C or Limulus amebocyte lysate. To assess the bacterial composition in the samples, a 16S ribosomal DNA-based operational taxonomic unit analysis was performed. We focused on the genera representing >0.1% of the whole microbiota. RESULTS: We found a high LPS activity in the GF samples with weak acidity (approximately > pH 4), whereas little/no activity in those with strong acidity (approximately < pH 2). Spearman test also demonstrated a close correlation between pH and LPS in those samples (r = 0.872). The relative abundance of GNB in the saliva showed no significant difference between the subject groups with weak- and strong-acidity GF. In addition, in the subjects whose GF acidity was weak, the GNB abundance in the GF was almost the same as that in the saliva. By contrast, in the subjects whose GF acidity was strong, the GNB abundance in the GF was significantly lower than that in the saliva. DISCUSSION: GNB that have recently moved from the oral cavity might account for the prominent LPS activity in a stomach with weak acidity.
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Mosso E, Bonetto S, Longobardi G, Abenavoli L, Ribaldone DG, Saracco GM, Pellicano R. Management of functional dyspepsia in 2020: a clinical point of view. MINERVA GASTROENTERO 2020; 66:331-342. [PMID: 32623872 DOI: 10.23736/s1121-421x.20.02732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dyspepsia is a disorder that refers mainly to central upper abdominal pain or discomfort. When a cause of this symptom is not identified the condition is termed functional dyspepsia (FD), that affects a large part of the general population. The relevance of FD is due to its high prevalence, but also to its chronic or intermittent course. This induces a significant burden for each national healthcare system. The pathogenesis of FD is complex and multifactorial, depending on cultural, environmental, and biological factors. Although considered of main importance in the pathophysiology of several gastroduodenal diseases, in the context of FD Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection plays a limited role. The diagnosis of FD requires the exclusion of organic gastroduodenal diseases as well as H. pylori infection. Thus, the diagnostic workup includes a complete anamnesis, biochemical tests, and endoscopy with biopsy (when requested), and the satisfaction of clinic criteria recommended by the Rome IV consensus. The treatment of FD is also challenging, in fact more and more studies focused on a wide range of different therapies, with a multitude of results. The aim of this literature review is to provide an update of the new evidences useful for diagnosis and management of FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mosso
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Bonetto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio M Saracco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Unit of Gastroenterology, Molinette Hospital, Turin, Italy
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Kobayashi R, Ogawa Y, Hashizume-Takizawa T, Kurita-Ochiai T. Oral bacteria affect the gut microbiome and intestinal immunity. Pathog Dis 2020; 78:5854192. [DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Recently, it has been suggested that the oral administration of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone pathogen for periodontal disease, induces dysbiosis of the mouse intestinal microbiota and affects intestinal barrier function. Since oral streptococci are the predominant oral bacterial group, we compared the effect of their oral administration on the intestinal tract compared to that of P. gingivalis. Swallowing oral bacteria caused gut dysbiosis, due to increased Bacteroides and Staphylococcus and decreased Lactobacillus spp. Furthermore, oral bacterial infection caused an increase in lactate and decreases in succinate and n-butyrate contents. In the small intestine, the decrease in Th17 cells was considered to be a result of oral bacterial infection, although the population of Treg cells remained unaffected. In addition, oral bacterial challenge increased the M1/M2 macrophage ratio and decreased the immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody titer in feces. These results suggest that gut dysbiosis caused by oral bacteria may cause a decrease in Th17 cells and fecal IgA levels and an increase in the M1/M2 macrophage ratio, thereby promoting chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoki Kobayashi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, 271–8587, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ogawa
- Department of Oral Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, 271–8587, Japan
| | - Tomomi Hashizume-Takizawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, 271–8587, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kurita-Ochiai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, 271–8587, Japan
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