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Sanz CR, Sarquis J, Daza MÁ, Miró G. Exploring the impact of epidemiological and clinical factors on the progression of canine leishmaniosis by statistical and whole genome analyses: from breed predisposition to comorbidities. Int J Parasitol 2024; 54:401-414. [PMID: 38570155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Canine leishmaniosis (CanL), caused by Leishmania infantum, is a complex disease of growing importance in Europe. Clinical manifestations result from the down-modulation of the host immune response through multiple host-parasite interactions. Although several factors might influence CanL progression, this is the first known study evaluating risk factors for its different clinical stages in a large referral hospital population (n = 35.669) from an endemic area, over a 20 year period. Genome-wide scans for selection signatures were also conducted to explore the genomic component of clinical susceptibility to L. infantum infection. The prevalence of CanL was 3.2% (16.7% stage I; 43.6% stage II; 32.1% stage III; 7.6% stage IV). Dog breed (crossbreed), bodyweight (<10 kg), living conditions (indoors), regular deworming treatment, and being vaccinated against Leishmania significantly decreased the transmission risk and the risk for developing severe clinical forms. Conversely, the detection of comorbidities was associated with advanced clinical forms, particularly chronic kidney disease, neoplasia, cryptorchidism, infectious tracheobronchitis and urate urolithiasis, although those did not impact the clinical outcome. Significant associations between an increased risk of severe clinical stages and findings in the anamnesis (renal or skin-related manifestations) and physical examination (ocular findings) were also detected, highlighting their diagnostic value in referred cases of CanL. Sixteen breeds were found to be significantly more susceptible to developing severe stages of leishmaniosis (e.g. Great Dane, Rottweiler, English Springer Spaniel, Boxer, American Staffordshire Terrier, Golden Retriever), while 20 breeds displayed a clinical resistantance phenotype and, thus, are more likely to mount an efficient immune response against L. infantum (e.g. Pointer, Samoyed, Spanish Mastiff, Spanish Greyhound, English Setter, Siberian Husky). Genomic analyses of these breeds retrieved 12 regions under selection, 63 candidate genes and pinpointed multiple biological pathways such as the IRE1 branch of the unfolded protein response, which could play a critical role in clinical susceptibility to L. infantum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina R Sanz
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Juliana Sarquis
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Daza
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Miró
- Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.
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Kaba D, Koffi M, Kouakou L, N’Gouan EK, Djohan V, Courtin F, N’Djetchi MK, Coulibaly B, Adingra GP, Berté D, Ta BTD, Koné M, Traoré BM, Sutherland SA, Crump RE, Huang CI, Madan J, Bessell PR, Barreaux A, Solano P, Crowley EH, Rock KS, Jamonneau V. Towards the sustainable elimination of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis in Côte d'Ivoire using an integrated approach. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011514. [PMID: 37523361 PMCID: PMC10443840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human African trypanosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by trypanosomes among which Trypanosoma brucei gambiense is responsible for a chronic form (gHAT) in West and Central Africa. Its elimination as a public health problem (EPHP) was targeted for 2020. Côte d'Ivoire was one of the first countries to be validated by WHO in 2020 and this was particularly challenging as the country still reported around a hundred cases a year in the early 2000s. This article describes the strategies implemented including a mathematical model to evaluate the reporting results and infer progress towards sustainable elimination. METHODS The control methods used combined both exhaustive and targeted medical screening strategies including the follow-up of seropositive subjects- considered as potential asymptomatic carriers to diagnose and treat cases- as well as vector control to reduce the risk of transmission in the most at-risk areas. A mechanistic model was used to estimate the number of underlying infections and the probability of elimination of transmission (EoT) was met between 2000-2021 in two endemic and two hypo-endemic health districts. RESULTS Between 2015 and 2019, nine gHAT cases were detected in the two endemic health districts of Bouaflé and Sinfra in which the number of cases/10,000 inhabitants was far below 1, a necessary condition for validating EPHP. Modelling estimated a slow but steady decline in transmission across the health districts, bolstered in the two endemic health districts by the introduction of vector control. The decrease in underlying transmission in all health districts corresponds to a high probability that EoT has already occurred in Côte d'Ivoire. CONCLUSION This success was achieved through a multi-stakeholder and multidisciplinary one health approach where research has played a major role in adapting tools and strategies to this large epidemiological transition to a very low prevalence. This integrated approach will need to continue to reach the verification of EoT in Côte d'Ivoire targeted by 2025.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dramane Kaba
- Unité de Recherche « Trypanosomoses », Institut Pierre Richet, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Mathurin Koffi
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Gestion des Ecosystèmes Tropicaux, Unité de Recherche en Génétique et Epidémiologie Moléculaire, UFR Environnement, Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Lingué Kouakou
- Programme National d’Élimination de la Trypanosomiase Humaine Africaine, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | | | - Vincent Djohan
- Unité de Recherche « Trypanosomoses », Institut Pierre Richet, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Fabrice Courtin
- Unité Mixte de Recherche IRD-CIRAD 177, INTERTRYP, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Martial Kassi N’Djetchi
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Gestion des Ecosystèmes Tropicaux, Unité de Recherche en Génétique et Epidémiologie Moléculaire, UFR Environnement, Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Bamoro Coulibaly
- Unité de Recherche « Trypanosomoses », Institut Pierre Richet, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Guy Pacôme Adingra
- Unité de Recherche « Trypanosomoses », Institut Pierre Richet, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Djakaridja Berté
- Unité de Recherche « Trypanosomoses », Institut Pierre Richet, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Bi Tra Dieudonné Ta
- Unité de Recherche « Trypanosomoses », Institut Pierre Richet, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Minayégninrin Koné
- Unité de Recherche « Trypanosomoses », Institut Pierre Richet, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Gestion des Ecosystèmes Tropicaux, Unité de Recherche en Génétique et Epidémiologie Moléculaire, UFR Environnement, Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Barkissa Mélika Traoré
- Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Gestion des Ecosystèmes Tropicaux, Unité de Recherche en Génétique et Epidémiologie Moléculaire, UFR Environnement, Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Samuel A. Sutherland
- Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, Mathematical Sciences Building, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Ronald E. Crump
- Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, Mathematical Sciences Building, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Mathematics Institute, Zeeman Building, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Ching-I Huang
- Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, Mathematical Sciences Building, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Mathematics Institute, Zeeman Building, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Madan
- Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, Mathematical Sciences Building, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | | | - Antoine Barreaux
- Unité Mixte de Recherche IRD-CIRAD 177, INTERTRYP, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Solano
- Unité Mixte de Recherche IRD-CIRAD 177, INTERTRYP, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Emily H. Crowley
- Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, Mathematical Sciences Building, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Mathematics Institute, Zeeman Building, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Kat S. Rock
- Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, Mathematical Sciences Building, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Mathematics Institute, Zeeman Building, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Jamonneau
- Unité de Recherche « Trypanosomoses », Institut Pierre Richet, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire
- Unité Mixte de Recherche IRD-CIRAD 177, INTERTRYP, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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S. I. C, Julio AP, De Souza W, A. M. P. Editorial: Understanding anti-trypanosomatid immune responses: The key to developing protective strategies against them. Front Immunol 2022; 13:993315. [PMID: 36211393 PMCID: PMC9535140 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.993315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cazorla S. I.
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos – CERELA (CONICET), Tucumán, Argentina
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Cazorla S. I.,
| | - Alonso-Padilla Julio
- Instituto Salud Global de Barcelona (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII—CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - W. De Souza
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- CMABio, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas-UEA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Padilla A. M.
- Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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