1
|
Ojo TO, Oladejo BP, Afolabi BK, Osungbade AD, Anyanwu PC, Shaibu-Ekha I. Why move abroad? Factors influencing migration intentions of final year students of health-related disciplines in Nigeria. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:742. [PMID: 37817197 PMCID: PMC10563360 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited human resource for health may impede the attainment of health-related sustainable development goals in low-income countries. This study aims to identify migration factors among final-year students of health-related disciplines at a Nigerian university, reflecting trends in Nigeria and sub-Saharan African countries. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using a semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire to collect data from 402 final-year students of Medicine/Dentistry, Nursing, Pharmacy and Occupational therapy Physiotherapy at Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate data analysis were conducted and a p-value < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. RESULTS The mean age of the respondents was 24.3 ± 2.3 years. Most (326; 81.1%) respondents had intentions to migrate and majority (216; 53.7%) of respondents had an unfavourable attitude towards practising in Nigeria. Students of Nursing constitute the highest proportion (68; 91.9%) of those willing to migrate (p = 0.009). The common preferred destinations for those who intend to migrate were the United Kingdom (84; 25.8%), Canada (81; 24.8%), and the United States of America (68; 20.9%). Respondents who had favourable attitude towards practicing abroad (AO.R: 2.9; 95% C.I 1.6-5.2; p = 0.001) were three times more likely to have migration intentions compared with those who had an unfavourable attitude towards practicing abroad, while the odds for those who had favourable attitude towards practicing in Nigeria (AO.R: 0.4; 95% C.I 0.2-0.7; p = 0.002) was two times less than those who had an unfavourable attitude towards practice in Nigeria. Respondents who desire specialist training (AO.R: 3.0; 95% C.I 1.7-5.4; p < 0.001) were three times more likely to have intention to migrate abroad when compared to those who were undecided or had no desire to pursue specialist training. CONCLUSION Most respondents had the intention to migrate abroad after graduation and this could be attributed to the desire for specialist training and their attitude towards practising in Nigeria. Interventions aimed at improving specialist training in Nigeria and incentivizing health care practice may reduce migration trends among Nigeria's health professionals in training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Temitope Olumuyiwa Ojo
- Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, +234 8035798224, Osun State, Nigeria.
- Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Blessing Pelumi Oladejo
- Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, +234 8035798224, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Bolade Kehinde Afolabi
- Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile Ife, Nigeria
| | - Ayomide Damilola Osungbade
- Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, +234 8035798224, Osun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Ikeme Shaibu-Ekha
- Department of Community Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, +234 8035798224, Osun State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Olazagasti C, Florez N. Going Back Home: Understanding Physician Migration to the United States. JCO Glob Oncol 2023; 9:e2300332. [PMID: 37944086 PMCID: PMC10645410 DOI: 10.1200/go.23.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2021, US foreign-born population reached a high of 14.2% of the total US population. Up to 28% of US working immigrants are physicians. The decision to leave one's home country, though, is rarely an easy one to make and is often riddled with cultural and emotional challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Coral Olazagasti
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Narjust Florez
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Butt A, Mankbadi M, Erikson C, Marshall A, Masselink LE, Tong G, Hafler J, Podoltsev N, Lee AI. Bias Against International Medical Graduates in the Hematology/Oncology Fellowship Recruitment Process: Findings From a Nationwide Survey of Fellowship Program Directors. JCO Oncol Pract 2022; 18:783-787. [PMID: 36108253 DOI: 10.1200/op.22.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Butt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Michael Mankbadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Clese Erikson
- Fitzhugh Mullan Institute for Health Workforce Equity, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Ariela Marshall
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Leah E Masselink
- Fitzhugh Mullan Institute for Health Workforce Equity, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Guangyu Tong
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Janet Hafler
- Teaching and Learning Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Nikolai Podoltsev
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Alfred Ian Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Al-Taher R, Al-Ani R, Al-Ani A, Rashdan M, Al Manasra ARA, Aborajooh E, Al-Balas H, Al-Balas H, Al-Balas M, Attiyat M, Qasem N. The clinical elective course and its effects on medical students and graduates of Jordanian medical schools. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:716. [PMID: 36221086 PMCID: PMC9553297 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The elective course is part of the 6th-year medical school curriculum in Jordan. Students choose the specialty in which they wish to spend 8 weeks and choose their location even if it is outside their university's affiliated hospitals. In this study, we try to understand student choices regarding the country of elective, chosen specialty, type of placement (observership/clerkship), and elective general value from participants' perspectives. METHODS This paper used a cross-sectional study. The survey was distributed through social media platforms (mainly Facebook and WhatsApp) targeting 6th-year medical students and doctors who graduated from one of the 5 Jordanian medical schools (the University of Jordan, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Mutah University, Yarmouk University, and Hashemite University). RESULTS The majority of participants had an international elective (69.6%), mainly in the USA, followed by the UK. Internal medicine was the primary field of interest for 14.8%, followed by general surgery. Of these, 241 (62.6%) actively participated in work at their chosen hospitals as they had a clerkship/hands-on experience. In contrast, 142 (36.9%) were observers. The majority indicated that the elective is worth the time, money, and effort. Moreover, they had adequate supervision throughout the course and could achieve their preset objectives. CONCLUSIONS The elective course gives a unique experience to our students. General satisfaction is an indicator of the success of the course in actively exposing medical students to clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raed Al-Taher
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ruba Al-Ani
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
| | | | - Mohammad Rashdan
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdel Rahman A Al Manasra
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Emad Aborajooh
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Kerak, Jordan
| | - Hamzeh Al-Balas
- Department of General and Special Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Hasan Al-Balas
- Clinical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud Al-Balas
- Department of General and Special Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Maymoona Attiyat
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Nuha Qasem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sedeta ET, Abicho TB, Jobre BY. Perceptions of medical doctors living in Ethiopia about physician migration: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060830. [PMID: 35772815 PMCID: PMC9247686 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-060830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Migration of physicians is one of the most pressing global health problems of our time with the greatest implications in sub-Saharan African countries. Although other studies have explored and produced important quantitative data about the impact of medical migration in the health sector of Ethiopia, the motive behind Ethiopian physician migration have been explored less thoroughly. This article explores the perceptions of a group of physicians about the complicated and continuously evolving driving forces of physician migration in Ethiopia. DESIGN Qualitative study using in-depth, virtual semistructured interviews. PARTICIPANTS Using purposive sampling, 12 physicians participated. SETTING Skype interviews with 12 participants working in Tikur Anbessa Specialised Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RESULTS Four themes emerged reflecting the perceptions of Ethiopian medical doctors on the driving forces of physician migration: (1) Economic push and pull factors; (2) Professional push and pull factors; (3) Social and Political push and pull factors and (4) Medical migration governance. CONCLUSION The emigration of Ethiopian physicians is made after weighing the push and pull factors. Push factors are more crucial than pull factors, and financial reasons play the leading role. Junior physician unemployment, politicisation of hospital administration, and poor medical migration governance are growing problems. Junior physician unemployment is a recent phenomenon in Ethiopia and with a potential to be a leading push factor if appropriate intervention is not taken. The findings of this study are worrying and urge for comprehensive solutions to be devised by policy-makers to deal with physician migration in Ethiopia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ephrem Tadele Sedeta
- Department of Medicine, Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Temesgen Beyene Abicho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bilain Yilma Jobre
- Department of Medicine, Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Al-Haddad M, Jamieson S, Germeni E. International medical graduates' experiences before and after migration: A meta-ethnography of qualitative studies. MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 56:504-515. [PMID: 34859484 DOI: 10.1111/medu.14708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION International medical graduates (IMGs) represent a large portion of practising doctors in many countries. Many experience difficulties, including higher rates of complaints against them and lower exam pass rates. The UK's General Medical Council (GMC) recently set targets to 'eliminate disproportionate complaints' and 'eradicate disadvantage and discrimination in medical education'. Our timely meta-ethnography aimed to synthesise existing qualitative literature on the wider personal and professional experiences of IMGs to identify factors affecting IMGs' professional practice (either directly or indirectly). METHODS In September 2019, we systematically searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane, PsycINFO, ERIC and EdResearch for peer-reviewed qualitative and mixed-methods articles that described experiences of IMGs. We extracted participant quotes and authors' themes from included articles and used the technique of meta-ethnography to synthesise the data and develop new overarching concepts. RESULTS Of the 1613 articles identified, 57 met our inclusion criteria. In total, the articles corresponded to 46 studies that described the experiences of 1142 IMGs practising in all six continents in a range of settings, including primary and secondary care. We developed five key concepts: migration dimensions (issues considered by IMGs when migrating), a challenging start (the stressful early period), degree of dissonance (between the IMG and host country in relation to the four main barriers of language, culture, medical education and belonging), levelling the playing field (interventions to reduce the impact of the barriers) and survive then thrive (adjustments IMGs made). A conceptual model that brings these constructs together in a line of argument is presented. CONCLUSIONS This meta-ethnography, based on a large amount of diverse qualitative studies, is the first to provide a comprehensive picture of the experiences and challenges that IMGs face before and after migration. Our results should be used to guide the development of interventions aiming to support IMGs and meet the GMC targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mo Al-Haddad
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Susan Jamieson
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Evi Germeni
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The case for refugee physicians: Forced migration of International Medical Graduates in the 21st century. Soc Sci Med 2021; 277:113903. [PMID: 33839471 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we propose a new category of International Medical Graduates (IMGs) who are forced to leave their home countries: "refugee physicians." In US social science scholarship, IMGs are divided into US citizen IMG (USIMG) and non-US citizen IMG (non-USIMG). For purposes of US medical licensure qualifications and recordkeeping, US- and non-USIMGs are lumped together. These categorizations are too blunt to demonstrate important differences among non-USIMGs. The category of "refugee physicians" distinguishes non-USIMGs who are forced to flee their homelands from other IMGs. We define and develop this category based on qualitative in-depth interviews conducted in 2019 with 28 non-USIMGs who fled to the US within the past 15 years. Using narrative analysis, we constructed "flight biographies," storied chronological events and experiences, for each physician. The flight biographies highlight the medical and political contexts in which they were forced to flee and are situated in the US. Two representative cases demonstrate how and why lumping refugee physicians together with other IMGs obscures the constraints and challenges that set them apart from the other IMG categories. First, the term refugee physician focuses attention on how physicians are located among forcibly displaced people worldwide, including their distinct relationships to their home countries, transit countries in which some of them seek sanctuary, and the US, where some requested asylum and others have been resettled. Second, because refugee is an umbrella term that blends categories of law, policy, social science, and everyday usage it encompasses a wide variety of lived experiences along a continuum of compulsion to leave. Finally, refugee physician illuminates the group's distinct relationship to medical licensure and brings into focus structural barriers that impede their goal of gaining a US medical license.
Collapse
|
8
|
Park J, Rhim HC. Consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 on international medical graduates and students applying to residencies in the United States. KOREAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION 2020; 32:91-95. [PMID: 32312022 PMCID: PMC7272378 DOI: 10.3946/kjme.2020.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jewel Park
- Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Chang Rhim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wearne SM, Brown JB, Kirby C, Snadden D. International medical graduates and general practice training: How do educational leaders facilitate the transition from new migrant to local family doctor? MEDICAL TEACHER 2019; 41:1065-1072. [PMID: 31215285 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2019.1616681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To document medical educators' experience and initiatives in training international medical graduates (IMGs) to become general practitioners (GP). Design: Qualitative social-constructivist emergent design with descriptive and interpretive analyses. Setting: GP vocational training in Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the Netherlands, and UK. Participants: Twenty-eight leaders of GP training. Intervention: Data collected from public documents, published literature and 27 semi-structured interviews. Main outcome measures: Tensions in training and innovations in response to these tensions. Results: Medical educators identified tension in teaching IMGs as it could be different to teaching domestic graduates in any or all aspects of a training program. They felt an ethical responsibility to support IMGs to provide quality health care in their adopted country but faced multiple challenges to achieve this. They described initiatives to address these throughout GP training. Conclusions: IMG's differing educational needs will benefit from flexible individualized adaptation of training programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Wearne
- Academic Unit of General Practice, Australian National University , Canberra , Australia
| | - James B Brown
- Eastern Victoria General Practice Training , Churchill , Australia
| | - Catherine Kirby
- Eastern Victoria General Practice Training , Churchill , Australia
| | - David Snadden
- Northern Medical Program, University of British Columbia , British Columbia , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pak-Gorstein S, Frintner MP, O'Callahan C, Spector J, St Clair NE, Howard C, Anspacher M. Global Health Education for Pediatric Residents: Trends, Training Experiences, and Career Choices. Pediatrics 2019; 143:peds.2018-1559. [PMID: 30573662 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED : media-1vid110.1542/5849572022001PEDS-VA_2018-1559Video Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Knowledge and skills related to global child health are increasingly recognized as important to the practice of pediatrics. However, little is known about the status and trends in global health (GH) education in US pediatric residency programs. Our aim was to measure trends in residents' exposure to GH training, their GH education assessments, and GH career plans. METHODS We analyzed GH-focused questions from national American Academy of Pediatrics surveys of graduating residents in 2008 and 2016. Logistic regression was used to estimate changes over time by using derived predicted values. RESULTS A total of 1100 graduating pediatric residents participated; response rates were 58.8% for 2008 and 56.0% for 2016. The percentage of residents reporting that their programs offered GH training grew from 59.1% in 2008 to 73.1% in 2016 (P < .001). The majority were somewhat likely, very likely, or definitely planning to work or volunteer in a low- or middle-income country after their residency (predicted value of 70.3% in 2008 and 69.4% in 2016; P = .76). Fourteen percent of respondents reported having completed an international elective in 2016; of those, 36.5% did not receive formal preparation before the experience, and 24.3% did not participate in debriefing sessions on return. Overall, 27.3% of respondents in 2016 reported excellent (8.8%) or very good (18.5%) GH training. CONCLUSIONS Although a substantial percentage of pediatric residents participate in international electives and plan to include GH activities in their careers, gaps remain, including suboptimal preparation and debriefing for GH electives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzinne Pak-Gorstein
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;
| | | | - Cliff O'Callahan
- Family Medicine Residency Program, Department of Pediatrics, Middlesex Hospital, Middletown, Connecticut
| | - Jonathan Spector
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Nicole E St Clair
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Cindy Howard
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and
| | - Melanie Anspacher
- Pediatric Hospitalist Division, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pantenburg B, Kitze K, Luppa M, König HH, Riedel-Heller SG. Physician emigration from Germany: insights from a survey in Saxony, Germany. BMC Health Serv Res 2018; 18:341. [PMID: 29743052 PMCID: PMC5944134 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physician migration has been gaining attention worldwide. In Germany, physician migration became a topic of interest in the context of the discussion about a shortage of physicians, for which one contributing factor may be physicians leaving the country. However, there is a lack of literature on “push” factors causing German physicians to leave. The present study seeks to provide current data in an effort to promote the identification of “push” factors motivating German physicians to emigrate. Methods In a cross-sectional survey, all physicians ≤40 years of age registered with the State Chamber of Physicians of Saxony, Germany (n = 5956) were sent a paper-pencil questionnaire examining socio-demographics, job satisfaction, the wish to emigrate, and the likelihood of moving abroad in the near future. Variables associated with the wish to emigrate were assessed with multivariate logistic regression models. Results Approximately 30% of participants wished to emigrate. The favourite destination countries were Switzerland, Scandinavian countries, and Australia or New Zealand. Of participants wishing to emigrate, approximately 52% thought it likely to emigrate for a limited, and 15% for an unlimited period of time. Participants with the wish to emigrate were significantly less satisfied with their job situation as compared to physicians without the wish to emigrate, the one exception being their “relationship with patients”. The three aspects with the highest difference in satisfaction were the overall work situation, followed by work load, and time for family, friends, and leisure activities. Being a woman, being in a relationship, and having children were associated with a lower chance for wishing to emigrate. Higher satisfaction with the factors “work load”, “patient care”, and “structural aspects” was also associated with a lower chance for wishing to emigrate. Conclusions Emigration seems to be a viable option for at least a subset of physicians. Preventive measures should address modifiable determinants associated with an increased chance for wishing to emigrate, such as job satisfaction. Especially satisfaction with the factor “work load” seems to play a crucial role as a “push” factor for physician emigration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12913-018-3142-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birte Pantenburg
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Katharina Kitze
- State Office of Tax and Finance (Landesamt für Steuern und Finanzen), Occupational Health Management, Stauffenbergallee 2, 01099, Dresden, Germany
| | - Melanie Luppa
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Heist BS, Torok HM. Medical migration: A qualitative exploration of the atypical path of Japanese international medical graduates. MEDICAL TEACHER 2018; 40:31-39. [PMID: 28841816 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2017.1370081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND International Medical Graduates (IMGs) are commonly understood to move from low to high resource countries with motivations including improved financial situations and cultures of emigration. A presumable exception to the above themes would be the Japanese IMG population. The aim of this study was to develop an understanding of the Japanese IMG experience. METHODS Using a grounded theory approach, we interviewed 19 Japanese IMGs working in the US and 16 Japanese IMGs working in Japan who had completed US clinical training. Questions addressed decision-making to pursue US clinical training, goals for the training, and career decision-making upon completing the training. Data collection and constant comparative analysis were conducted iteratively to identify emerging themes. RESULTS The emerging model of the Japanese IMG experience is focused around pivotal experiences that often include dissatisfaction with the quality of Japanese clinical training and personal exposures to US clinical education. Further decision-making in the pursuit of US residency is influenced by educator training quality, and clinical training and career opportunities. The desire to improve Japanese clinical training commonly influences career decision-making after US training. CONCLUSIONS The Japanese IMG experience contrasts numerous perceptions of international physician migration and, in turn, enhances understanding of this paradigm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian S Heist
- a Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine , University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Haruka Matsubara Torok
- b Department of Medicine , University of Minnesota Medical School , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yoshioka T, Nara N. [International accreditation of medical school towards quality assurance of medical education]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2013; 53:1136-8. [PMID: 24291905 DOI: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.53.1136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An internationalization of practical medicine evoked international migrations of medical professionals. Since basic medical education is different among countries, the internationalization required international quality assurance of medical education. Global trend moves toward establishment of international accreditation system based on international standards. The World Federation for Medical Education proposed Global Standards for Quality Improvement as the international standards. Medical schools in Japan have started to establish program evaluation system. The standards which incorporated international standards have been published. The system for accreditation is being considered. An accreditation body, Japan Accreditation Council for Medical Education, is under construction. The accreditation is expected to enhance quality of education in Japan.
Collapse
|
14
|
McGowan Y, Humphries N, Burke H, Conry M, Morgan K. Through doctors' eyes: a qualitative study of hospital doctor perspectives on their working conditions. Br J Health Psychol 2013; 18:874-91. [PMID: 23480457 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital doctors face significant challenges in the current health care environment, working with staff shortages and cutbacks to health care expenditure, alongside increased demand for health care and increased public expectations. OBJECTIVE This article analyses challenges faced by junior hospital doctors, providing insight into the experiences of these frontline staff in delivering health services in recessionary times. DESIGN A qualitative methodology was chosen. METHODS Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 doctors from urban Irish hospitals. Interviews were recorded via note taking. Full transcripts were analysed thematically using NVivo software. RESULTS Dominant themes included the following: (1) unrealistic workloads: characterized by staff shortages, extended working hours, irregular and frequently interrupted breaks; (2) fatigue and its impact: the quality of care provided to patients while doctors were sleep-deprived was questioned; however, little reflection was given to any impact this may have had on junior doctors own health; (3) undervalued and disillusioned: insufficient training, intensive workloads and a perceived lack of power to influence change resulted in a sense of detachment among junior doctors. They appeared immune to their surroundings. CONCLUSION Respondents ascribed little importance to the impact of current working conditions on their own health. They felt their roles were underappreciated and undervalued by policy makers and hospital management. Respondents were concerned with the lack of time and opportunity for training. This study highlighted several 'red flags', which need to be addressed in order to increase retention and sustain a motivated junior medical workforce.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne McGowan
- Department of Psychology, Population Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hagander LE, Hughes CD, Nash K, Ganjawalla K, Linden A, Martins Y, Casey KM, Meara JG. Surgeon Migration Between Developing Countries and the United States: Train, Retain, and Gain from Brain Drain. World J Surg 2012; 37:14-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00268-012-1795-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|