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Dhopeshwarkar N, Sheikh A, Doan R, Topaz M, Bates DW, Blumenthal KG, Zhou L. Drug-Induced Anaphylaxis Documented in Electronic Health Records. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2019; 7:103-111. [PMID: 29969686 PMCID: PMC6311439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although drugs represent a common cause of anaphylaxis, few large studies of drug-induced anaphylaxis have been performed. OBJECTIVE To describe the epidemiology and validity of reported drug-induced anaphylaxis in the electronic health records (EHRs) of a large United States health care system. METHODS Using EHR drug allergy data from 1995 to 2013, we determined the population prevalence of anaphylaxis including anaphylaxis prevalence over time, and the most commonly implicated drugs/drug classes reported to cause anaphylaxis. Patient risk factors for drug-induced anaphylaxis were assessed using a logistic regression model. Serum tryptase and allergist visits were used to assess the validity and follow-up of EHR-reported anaphylaxis. RESULTS Among 1,756,481 patients, 19,836 (1.1%) reported drug-induced anaphylaxis; penicillins (45.9 per 10,000), sulfonamide antibiotics (15.1 per 10,000), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (13.0 per 10,000) were most commonly implicated. Patients with white race (odds ratio [OR] 2.38, 95% CI 2.27-2.49), female sex (OR 2.20, 95% CI 2.13-2.28), systemic mastocytosis (OR 4.60, 95% CI 2.66-7.94), Sjögren's syndrome (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.47-2.56), and asthma (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.43-1.59) had an increased odds of drug-induced anaphylaxis. Serum tryptase was performed in 135 (<1%) anaphylaxis cases and 1,587 patients (8.0%) saw an allergist for follow-up. CONCLUSIONS EHR-reported anaphylaxis occurred in approximately 1% of patients, most commonly from penicillins, sulfonamide antibiotics, and NSAIDs. Females, whites, and patients with mastocytosis, Sjögren's syndrome, and asthma had increased odds of reporting drug-induced anaphylaxis. The low observed frequency of tryptase testing and specialist evaluation emphasize the importance of educating providers on anaphylaxis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Dhopeshwarkar
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Raymond Doan
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; School of Pharmacy, MCPHS University, Boston, Mass
| | - Maxim Topaz
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - David W Bates
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Kimberly G Blumenthal
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Edward P. Lawrence Center for Quality and Safety, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Li Zhou
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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George MD, Sauer BC, Teng CC, Cannon GW, England BR, Kerr GS, Mikuls TR, Baker JF. Biologic and Glucocorticoid Use after Methotrexate Initiation in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Rheumatol 2018; 46:343-350. [PMID: 30275262 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.180178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Biologic therapies can improve disease control for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but may be both overused and underused. We aimed to identify predictors of greater use of biologic therapies and to identify factors associated with persistent glucocorticoid use. METHODS Using national US Veteran's Affairs databases 2005-2016, we identified patients with RA receiving a first-ever prescription of methotrexate (MTX), requiring ≥ 6 months of baseline data. We evaluated predictors of biologic therapy initiation within 2 years of starting MTX and factors associated with baseline and persistent glucocorticoid use at 6-12 months using multivariable models. RESULTS Among 17,415 patients starting MTX, 3263 patients received biologic therapy within 2 years (20.6% 2-yr incidence). In adjusted analyses, biologic use was substantially lower in older patients [e.g., aHR 0.20 (95% CI 0.16, 0.26) for patients ≥ 80 vs < 50] and patients with more comorbidities [aHR 0.79 (95% CI 0.72, 0.87) for Charlson score ≥ 3 vs < 3]. Patients with heart failure [aHR 0.68 (95% CI 0.54, 0.84)], cancer [aHR 0.78 (95% CI 0.66, 0.92)], or who were nonwhite [aHR 0.79 (95% CI 0.72, 0.87)] were also less likely to receive a biologic. In contrast, baseline and persistent glucocorticoid use was similar across age groups and more common in patients with greater comorbidity. CONCLUSION Biologic therapy is initiated less frequently in patients with RA who are older, have more comorbidities, and who are nonwhite. While biologics may be avoided in older and sicker patients because of safety concerns, glucocorticoid use is similar regardless of age and is more frequent in patients with comorbidities, with implications for patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D George
- From the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Salt Lake City VA Medical Center and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska; DC VA Medical Center, Georgetown and Howard University, Washington, D.C., USA. .,M.D. George, MD, MSCE, University of Pennsylvania, VA Medical Center; B.C. Sauer, PhD, VA Medical Center, University of Utah; C.C. Teng, MS, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center; G.W. Cannon, MD, VA Medical Center, University of Utah; B.R. England, MD, VA Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center; G.S. Kerr, MD, VA Medical Center, Georgetown and Howard Universities; T.R. Mikuls, MD, MSPH, VA Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center; J.F. Baker, MD, MSCE, VA Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania.
| | - Brian C Sauer
- From the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Salt Lake City VA Medical Center and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska; DC VA Medical Center, Georgetown and Howard University, Washington, D.C., USA.,M.D. George, MD, MSCE, University of Pennsylvania, VA Medical Center; B.C. Sauer, PhD, VA Medical Center, University of Utah; C.C. Teng, MS, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center; G.W. Cannon, MD, VA Medical Center, University of Utah; B.R. England, MD, VA Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center; G.S. Kerr, MD, VA Medical Center, Georgetown and Howard Universities; T.R. Mikuls, MD, MSPH, VA Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center; J.F. Baker, MD, MSCE, VA Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Chia-Chen Teng
- From the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Salt Lake City VA Medical Center and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska; DC VA Medical Center, Georgetown and Howard University, Washington, D.C., USA.,M.D. George, MD, MSCE, University of Pennsylvania, VA Medical Center; B.C. Sauer, PhD, VA Medical Center, University of Utah; C.C. Teng, MS, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center; G.W. Cannon, MD, VA Medical Center, University of Utah; B.R. England, MD, VA Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center; G.S. Kerr, MD, VA Medical Center, Georgetown and Howard Universities; T.R. Mikuls, MD, MSPH, VA Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center; J.F. Baker, MD, MSCE, VA Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Grant W Cannon
- From the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Salt Lake City VA Medical Center and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska; DC VA Medical Center, Georgetown and Howard University, Washington, D.C., USA.,M.D. George, MD, MSCE, University of Pennsylvania, VA Medical Center; B.C. Sauer, PhD, VA Medical Center, University of Utah; C.C. Teng, MS, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center; G.W. Cannon, MD, VA Medical Center, University of Utah; B.R. England, MD, VA Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center; G.S. Kerr, MD, VA Medical Center, Georgetown and Howard Universities; T.R. Mikuls, MD, MSPH, VA Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center; J.F. Baker, MD, MSCE, VA Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Bryant R England
- From the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Salt Lake City VA Medical Center and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska; DC VA Medical Center, Georgetown and Howard University, Washington, D.C., USA.,M.D. George, MD, MSCE, University of Pennsylvania, VA Medical Center; B.C. Sauer, PhD, VA Medical Center, University of Utah; C.C. Teng, MS, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center; G.W. Cannon, MD, VA Medical Center, University of Utah; B.R. England, MD, VA Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center; G.S. Kerr, MD, VA Medical Center, Georgetown and Howard Universities; T.R. Mikuls, MD, MSPH, VA Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center; J.F. Baker, MD, MSCE, VA Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Gail S Kerr
- From the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Salt Lake City VA Medical Center and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska; DC VA Medical Center, Georgetown and Howard University, Washington, D.C., USA.,M.D. George, MD, MSCE, University of Pennsylvania, VA Medical Center; B.C. Sauer, PhD, VA Medical Center, University of Utah; C.C. Teng, MS, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center; G.W. Cannon, MD, VA Medical Center, University of Utah; B.R. England, MD, VA Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center; G.S. Kerr, MD, VA Medical Center, Georgetown and Howard Universities; T.R. Mikuls, MD, MSPH, VA Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center; J.F. Baker, MD, MSCE, VA Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Ted R Mikuls
- From the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Salt Lake City VA Medical Center and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska; DC VA Medical Center, Georgetown and Howard University, Washington, D.C., USA.,M.D. George, MD, MSCE, University of Pennsylvania, VA Medical Center; B.C. Sauer, PhD, VA Medical Center, University of Utah; C.C. Teng, MS, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center; G.W. Cannon, MD, VA Medical Center, University of Utah; B.R. England, MD, VA Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center; G.S. Kerr, MD, VA Medical Center, Georgetown and Howard Universities; T.R. Mikuls, MD, MSPH, VA Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center; J.F. Baker, MD, MSCE, VA Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Joshua F Baker
- From the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Salt Lake City VA Medical Center and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, Nebraska; DC VA Medical Center, Georgetown and Howard University, Washington, D.C., USA.,M.D. George, MD, MSCE, University of Pennsylvania, VA Medical Center; B.C. Sauer, PhD, VA Medical Center, University of Utah; C.C. Teng, MS, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System and University of Nebraska Medical Center; G.W. Cannon, MD, VA Medical Center, University of Utah; B.R. England, MD, VA Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center; G.S. Kerr, MD, VA Medical Center, Georgetown and Howard Universities; T.R. Mikuls, MD, MSPH, VA Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center; J.F. Baker, MD, MSCE, VA Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania
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Baker JF, Sauer BC, Cannon GW, Teng CC, Michaud K, Ibrahim S, Jorgenson E, Davis L, Caplan L, Cannella A, Mikuls TR. Changes in Body Mass Related to the Initiation of Disease-Modifying Therapies in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 68:1818-27. [PMID: 26882094 DOI: 10.1002/art.39647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Unintentional weight loss is important and can be predictive of long-term outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was undertaken to assess how primary therapies for RA may influence changes in body mass index (BMI) in RA patients from a large administrative database. METHODS Unique dispensing episodes of methotrexate, prednisone, leflunomide, and tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) administered to RA patients were identified from the US Department of Veterans Affairs pharmacy databases. Values for C-reactive protein (CRP) level and BMI closest to the time point within 30 days of the treatment course start date and at follow-up time points were linked. Missing laboratory values were imputed. Weight loss was defined as a decrease in BMI of >1 kg/m(2) . Regression models were used to evaluate changes in BMI during each drug treatment as compared to treatment with methotrexate. To assess the impact of confounding by indication, propensity scores for use of each drug were incorporated in analyses using matched-weighting techniques. RESULTS In total, 52,662 treatment courses in 32,859 RA patients were identified. At 6 months from the date of prescription fill, weight gain was seen among patients taking methotrexate, those taking prednisone, and those taking TNFi. On average, compared to methotrexate-treated patients, prednisone-treated patients had significantly more weight gain, while leflunomide-treated patients demonstrated weight loss. In multivariable models, more weight loss (β = -0.41 kg/m(2) , 95% confidence interval [95% CI] -0.46, -0.36; P < 0.001) and a greater risk of weight loss (odds ratio 1.73, 95% CI 1.55, 1.79; P < 0.001) were evident among those receiving leflunomide compared to those receiving methotrexate. Treatment with prednisone was associated with greater weight gain (β = 0.072 kg/m(2) , 95% CI 0.042, 0.10; P < 0.001). These associations persisted in analyses adjusted for propensity scores and in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION Leflunomide is associated with significantly more, but modest, weight loss, while prednisone is associated with greater weight gain compared to other therapies for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua F Baker
- Philadelphia VA Medical Center and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Brian C Sauer
- Salt Lake City VA Medical Center and University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Grant W Cannon
- Salt Lake City VA Medical Center and University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Chia-Chen Teng
- Salt Lake City VA Medical Center and University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Kaleb Michaud
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, and National Data Bank for Rheumatic Diseases, Wichita, Kansas
| | - Said Ibrahim
- Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Erik Jorgenson
- Philadelphia VA Medical Center and University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Lisa Davis
- Denver VA Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | | | - Amy Cannella
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Ted R Mikuls
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
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