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Chen X, Qiu F, Wang W, Qi Z, Lyu D, Xue K, Sun L, Song D. Vector flow mapping analysis of left ventricular vortex performance in type 2 diabetic patients with early chronic kidney disease. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:434. [PMID: 37658336 PMCID: PMC10474629 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and contributes to an elevated incidence of diastolic dysfunction in the early stages of CKD. Intracardiac vortex is a novel hemodynamic index for perceiving cardiac status. Here, we visualized left ventricular (LV) vortex characteristics using vector flow mapping (VFM) in type 2 diabetic patients with early CKD. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 67 controls and 89 type 2 diabetic patients with stages 2-3a CKD. All subjects underwent transthoracic echocardiographic examination. LV anterior vortex during early diastole (E-vortex), atrial contraction (A-vortex) and systole (S-vortex) were assessed using VFM in the apical long-axis view. Its relation to glycemia or LV filling echocardiographic parameters were further analyzed using correlation analysis. RESULTS Type 2 diabetic patients with early CKD had a small area (439.94 ± 132.37 mm2 vs. 381.66 ± 136.85 mm2, P = 0.008) and weak circulation (0.0226 ± 0.0079 m2/s vs. 0.0195 ± 0.0070 m2/s, P = 0.013) of E-vortex, but a large area (281.52 ± 137.27 mm2 vs. 514.83 ± 160.33 mm2, P ˂ 0.001) and intense circulation (0.0149 ± 0.0069 m2/s vs. 0.0250 ± 0.0067 m2/s, P < 0.001) of A-vortex compared to controls. CKD patients with poorly controlled hyperglycemia had stronger A-vortex (area: 479.06 ± 146.78 mm2 vs. 559.96 ± 159.27 mm2, P = 0.015; circulation: 0.0221 ± 0.0058 m2/s vs. 0.0275 ± 0.0064 m2/s, P < 0.001) and S-vortex (area: 524.21 ± 165.52 mm2 vs. 607.87 ± 185.33 mm2, P = 0.029; circulation: 0.0174 ± 0.0072 m2/s vs. 0.0213 ± 0.0074 m2/s, P = 0.015), and a longer relative duration of S-vortex (0.7436 ± 0.0772 vs. 0.7845 ± 0.0752, P = 0.013) than those who had well-controlled hyperglycemia. Glycemia, and E/A (a LV filling parameter) were respectively found to had close correlation to the features of A-vortex and S-vortex (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Abnormal LV vortices were detected in type 2 diabetic patients with early CKD using VFM, especially in those who neglected hyperglycemic control. LV vortex might be a promising parameter to slow or halt the hyperglycemia-induced diastolic dysfunction in early CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei Medical University, No.258, Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000, Hebei, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio- cerebrovascular Disease, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Fang Qiu
- Department of cardiology, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei Medical University, No.258, Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000, Hebei, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiac Ultrasound, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China
| | - Zhengqin Qi
- Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei Medical University, No.258, Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000, Hebei, China
| | - Damin Lyu
- Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei Medical University, No.258, Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000, Hebei, China
| | - Kun Xue
- Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei Medical University, No.258, Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000, Hebei, China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei Medical University, No.258, Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000, Hebei, China
| | - Degang Song
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio- cerebrovascular Disease, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, China.
- Department of neurology, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei Medical University, No.258, Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000, Hebei, China.
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Crompton M, Ferguson JK, Ramnath RD, Onions KL, Ogier AS, Gamez M, Down CJ, Skinner L, Wong KH, Dixon LK, Sutak J, Harper SJ, Pontrelli P, Gesualdo L, Heerspink HL, Toto RD, Welsh GI, Foster RR, Satchell SC, Butler MJ. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism in diabetes reduces albuminuria by preserving the glomerular endothelial glycocalyx. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e154164. [PMID: 36749631 PMCID: PMC10077489 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The glomerular endothelial glycocalyx (GEnGlx) forms the first part of the glomerular filtration barrier. Previously, we showed that mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation caused GEnGlx damage and albuminuria. In this study, we investigated whether MR antagonism could limit albuminuria in diabetes and studied the site of action. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats developed albuminuria, increased glomerular albumin permeability (Ps'alb), and increased glomerular matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity with corresponding GEnGlx loss. MR antagonism prevented albuminuria progression, restored Ps'alb, preserved GEnGlx, and reduced MMP activity. Enzymatic degradation of the GEnGlx negated the benefits of MR antagonism, confirming their dependence on GEnGlx integrity. Exposing human glomerular endothelial cells (GEnC) to diabetic conditions in vitro increased MMPs and caused glycocalyx damage. Amelioration of these effects confirmed a direct effect of MR antagonism on GEnC. To confirm relevance to human disease, we used a potentially novel confocal imaging method to show loss of GEnGlx in renal biopsy specimens from patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). In addition, patients with DN randomized to receive an MR antagonist had reduced urinary MMP2 activity and albuminuria compared with placebo and baseline levels. Taken together, our work suggests that MR antagonists reduce MMP activity and thereby preserve GEnGlx, resulting in reduced glomerular permeability and albuminuria in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Crompton
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne K. Ferguson
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Raina D. Ramnath
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Karen L. Onions
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anna S. Ogier
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Gamez
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Colin J. Down
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Skinner
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kitty H. Wong
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren K. Dixon
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Judit Sutak
- Pathology Department, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J. Harper
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Pontrelli
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Hiddo L. Heerspink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert D. Toto
- Department of Clinical Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Gavin I. Welsh
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca R. Foster
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Simon C. Satchell
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Butler
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Li X, Lu L, Hou W, Wang F, Huang T, Meng Z, Zhu M. The SETD8/ELK1/bach1 complex regulates hyperglycaemia-mediated EndMT in diabetic nephropathy. J Transl Med 2022; 20:147. [PMID: 35351142 PMCID: PMC8961497 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN), the most common microvascular complication in patients with diabetes, induces kidney failure. Previous research showed that endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) of human glomerular endothelial cells (HGECs) is involved in the progression of DN. Moreover, SET domain-containing protein 8 (SETD8), ETS-domain containing protein (ELK1) and BTB and CNC homology 1 (bach1) all participate in endothelial injury. In this study, we hypothesize that the SETD8/ELK1/bach1 functional axis is involved in mediating EndMT in diabetic nephropathy. Methods Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and qPCR were performed to determine the protein and mRNA levels of genes in HGECs and the kidney tissues of participants and rats. Immunofluorescence, Co-IP and GST pulldown assays were performed to verify the direct interaction between SETD8 and ELK1. ChIP and dual-luciferase assays were performed to determine the transcriptional regulation of bach1 and Snail. AVV-SETD8 injection in rat kidney was used to verify the potential protective effect of SETD8 on DN. Results Our current study showed that hyperglycaemia triggered EndMT by increasing Snail expression both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, high glucose increased bach1 expression in HGECs, positively regulating Snail and EndMT. As a transcription factor, ELK1 was augmented and participated in hyperglycaemia-induced EndMT via modulation of bach1 expression. Moreover, ELK1 was found to associate with SETD8. Furthermore, SETD8 negatively regulated EndMT by cooperating with bach1 to regulate Snail transcription. Furthermore, histone H4-Lys-20 monomethylation (H4K20me1), which is downstream of SETD8, was accompanied by ELK1 localization at the same promoter region of bach1. ELK1 overexpression enhanced bach1 promoter activity, which disappeared after specific binding site deletion. Mutual inhibition between ELK1 and SETD8 was found in HGECs. In vivo, SETD8 overexpression decreased ELK1 and bach1 expression, as well as EndMT. Moreover, SETD8 overexpression improved the renal function of rats with DN. Conclusions SETD8 cooperates with ELK1 to regulate bach1 transcription, thus participating in the progression of DN. In addition, SETD8 interacts with bach1 to modulate Snail transcription, thus inducing EndMT in DN. SETD8 plays a core role in the SETD8/ELK1/bach1 functional axis, which participates in hyperglycaemia-mediated EndMT in DN, and SETD8 may be a potential therapeutic target for DN. Trial registration ChiCTR, ChiCTR2000029425. 2020/1/31, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=48548 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03352-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lihong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenting Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhipeng Meng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Huzhou Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University, Affiliated Central Hospital of HuZhou University, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Minmin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.
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Wan H, Wang Y, Pan Q, Chen X, Chen S, Li X, Yao W. Quercetin attenuates the proliferation, inflammation, and oxidative stress of high glucose-induced human mesangial cells by regulating the miR-485-5p/YAP1 pathway. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:20587384211066440. [PMID: 35129398 PMCID: PMC8832592 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211066440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a kidney damage caused by diabetes and the main cause of end-stage renal disease. However, the current treatment of DN has many limitations. Quercetin is a bioflavonoid compound with therapeutic benefits in metabolic diseases. This study aims to determine the therapeutic potentials and underlying mechanism of quercetin on DN. Methods We collected blood samples from DN patients and healthy controls and treated human mesangial cells (HMCs) with high glucose (HG) to establish an in vitro model of DN. Then we assessed the expression difference of miR-485-5p as well as YAP1 in serum of DN patients and healthy controls and between HG-induced HMCs and control cells. qRT-PCR and western blot were performed to assess miR-485-5p and YAP1 expression levels; CCK-8 and ELISAs were used to examine cell proliferation, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Dual luciferase reporter assay was implemented to detect the binding of miR-485-5p and YAP1 mRNA sequence. Results Quercetin suppressed proliferation, inflammation, and oxidative stress of HMCs induced by HG. As for mechanism, miR-485-5p directly bound to YAP1 and inhibited YAP1 expression. The downregulation of miR-485-5p and upregulation of YAP1 were also observed in the serum of DN patients. Quercetin modulated miR-485-5p/YAP1 axis to regulate HG-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. Conclusion: Quercetin inhibits the proliferation, inflammation, and oxidative stress of HMCs induced by HG through miR-485-5p/YAP1 axis, which might provide a novel treatment strategy for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wan
- Department of Radiotherapy Center, the Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Qingyun Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, the Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Xia Chen
- Department ofTraditional Chinese Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Sijun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Paediatrics, the Fifth Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei
| | - Weiguo Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Jinshan Branch of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai
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5
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c-Myc participates in high glucose-mediated endothelial inflammation via upregulation of IRAK1 expression in diabetic nephropathy. Cell Signal 2022; 92:110263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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El Askary A, Gharib AF, Almehmadi M, Bakhuraysah MM, Al Hajjiahmed AA, Al-Hejji LI, Alharthi MS, Shafie A. The role of vitamin D deficiency and elevated inflammatory biomarkers as risk factors for the progression of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. OPEN CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2021-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Albuminuria is the most sensitive marker for the early recognition of DN. Therefore, we aimed to study the risk factors of albuminuria as a marker of DN among diabetic patients. The study included 41 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 50 type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) patients with macroalbuminuria, 43 T2DN patients with microalbuminuria and 38 healthy controls. Logistic regression was used to detect the most significant risk factors for albuminuria. A high statistically significant difference was found between the groups regarding age, sex, body mass index (BMI), diabetes mellitus (DM) duration, glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), lipid profile, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), the albumin–creatinine ratio (ACR), vitamin D, total parathyroid hormone (PTH), urea, total calcium and chemerin (p < 0.001). It was found that the duration of DM, BMI, glucose, GFR, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), TNF-α, IL-6, CRP, ACR, vitamin D, PTH and chemerin are significant albuminuria risk factors in DN. Vitamin D deficiency and associated inflammatory mediators such as chemerin, TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP are the most essential risk factors for albuminuria in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad El Askary
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University , PO Box 11099 , Taif 21944 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal F. Gharib
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University , PO Box 11099 , Taif 21944 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen Almehmadi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University , PO Box 11099 , Taif 21944 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Mahfouz Bakhuraysah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University , PO Box 11099 , Taif 21944 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Ali Al Hajjiahmed
- Reference Laboratory, Laboratories and Blood Banks Administration in Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health , Al-Ahsa , Saudi Arabia
| | - Layla Ibrahim Al-Hejji
- Curative Services for Primary Health Care in Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health , Al-Ahsa , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S. Alharthi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University , PO Box 11099 , Taif 21944 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Shafie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University , PO Box 11099 , Taif 21944 , Saudi Arabia
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Lu L, Li X, Zhong Z, Zhou W, Zhou D, Zhu M, Miao C. KMT5A downregulation participated in High Glucose-mediated EndMT via Upregulation of ENO1 Expression in Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:4093-4107. [PMID: 34803485 PMCID: PMC8579450 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.62867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has become the common and principal microvascular complication of diabetes that could lead to end-stage renal disease. It was reported endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in glomeruli plays an important role in DN. Enolase1 (ENO1) and Lysine Methyltransferase 5A (KMT5A) were found to modulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in some situations. In the present study, we speculated KMT5A regulates ENO1 transcript, thus participating in hyperglycemia-induced EndMT in glomeruli of DN. Our study represented vimentin, αSMA and ENO1 expression elevated, and CD31 expression decreased in glomeruli of DN participants and rats. In vitro, high glucose induced EndMT by increase of ENO1 levels. Moreover, high glucose downregulated KMT5A levels and increased regulatory factor X1 (RFX1) levels. KMT5A upregulation or si-RFX1 decreased high glucose-induced ENO1 expression and EndMT. RFX1 overexpression- or sh-KMT5A-induced EndMT was attenuated by si-ENO1. Further, the association between KMT5A and RFX1 was verified. Furthermore, histone H4 lysine20 methylation (the direct target of KMT5A) and RFX1 positioned on ENO1 promoter region. sh-KMT5A enhanced positive action of RFX1 on ENO1 promoter activity. KMT5A reduction and RFX1 upregulation were verified in glomeruli of DN patients and rats. KMT5A associated with RFX1 to modulate ENO1, thus involved in hyperglycemia-mediated EndMT in glomeruli of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ziwen Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Wenchang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Di Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Minmin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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8
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Lu L, Zhong Z, Gu J, Nan K, Zhu M, Miao C. ets1 associates with KMT5A to participate in high glucose-mediated EndMT via upregulation of PFN2 expression in diabetic nephropathy. Mol Med 2021; 27:74. [PMID: 34238215 PMCID: PMC8266168 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00339-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is currently the leading cause of end-stage renal disease globally. The endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) of glomerular endothelial cells has been reported to play a crucial role in DN. As a specific form of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, EndMT and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition may exhibit mutual modulators. Profilin 2 (PFN2) has been reported to participate in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Moreover, ETS proto-oncogene 1 (ets1) and lysine methyltransferase 5A (KMT5A) have been reported to contribute to high glucose-mediated endothelial injury and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. In this study, we hypothesize ets1 associates with KMT5A to modulate PFN2 transcription, thus participating in high glucose-mediated EndMT in glomerular endothelial cells. Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to detect protein levels in the kidney tissues and/or aorta tissues of human subjects and rats. Western blot, qPCR and immunofluorescence were performed using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays and dual luciferase assays were performed to assess transcriptional activity. The difference between the groups was compared by two-tailed unpaired t-tests or one-way ANOVAs. Results Our data indicated that vimentin, αSMA, S100A4 and PFN2 levels were increased, and CD31 levels were reduced in glomerular endothelial cells of DN patients and rats. Our cell experiments showed that high glucose induced EndMT by augmenting PFN2 expression in HUVECs. Moreover, high glucose increased ets1 expression. si-ets1 suppressed high glucose-induced PFN2 levels and EndMT. ets1 overexpression-mediated EndMT was reversed by si-PFN2. Furthermore, ets1 was determined to associate with KMT5A. High glucose attenuated KMT5A levels and histone H4 lysine 20 methylation (H4K20me1), one of the downstream targets of KMT5A. KMT5A upregulation suppressed high glucose-induced PFN2 levels and EndMT. sh-KMT5A-mediated EndMT was counteracted by si-PFN2. Furthermore, H4K20me1 and ets1 occupied the PFN2 promoter region. sh-KMT5A cooperated with ets1 overexpression to activate PFN2 promoter activity. Our in vivo study demonstrated that KMT5A was reduced, while ets1 was augmented, in glomerular endothelial cells of DN patients and rats. Conclusions The present study indicated that ets1 cooperated with KMT5A to transcribe PFN2, thus contributing to hyperglycemia-induced EndMT in the glomerular endothelial cells of DN patients and rats. Trial registration ChiCTR, ChiCTR2000029425. 2020/1/31, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=48548 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10020-021-00339-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ziwen Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jiahui Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ke Nan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Minmin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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9
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Huang T, Li X, Wang F, Lu L, Hou W, Zhu M, Miao C. The CREB/KMT5A complex regulates PTP1B to modulate high glucose-induced endothelial inflammatory factor levels in diabetic nephropathy. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:333. [PMID: 33782381 PMCID: PMC8005662 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the primary microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and may result in end-stage renal disease. The overproduction of various inflammatory factors is involved in the pathogenesis of DN. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) modulates the expression of a series of cytokines and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity. cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and lysine methyltransferase 5A (KMT5A) have been reported to participate in the maintenance of a healthy endothelium. In the present study, we hypothesise that CREB associates with KMT5A to modulate PTP1B expression, thus contributing to high glucose-mediated glomerular endothelial inflammation. Our analyses revealed that plasma inflammatory factor levels, glomerular endothelial p65 phosphorylation and PTP1B expression were increased in DN patients and rats. In vitro, high glucose increased endothelial inflammatory factor levels and p65 phosphorylation by augmenting PTP1B expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Moreover, high glucose decreased CREB and KMT5A expression. CREB overexpression and KMT5A overexpression both inhibited high glucose-induced PTP1B expression, p65 phosphorylation and endothelial inflammatory factor levels. si-CREB- and sh-KMT5A-induced p65 phosphorylation and endothelial inflammatory factor levels were reversed by si-PTP1B. Furthermore, CREB was associated with KMT5A. Mechanistic research indicated that CREB and histone H4 lysine 20 methylation (H4K20me1, a downstream target of KMT5A) occupy the PTP1B promoter region. sh-KMT5A augmented PTP1B promoter activity and activated the positive effect of si-CREB on PTP1B promoter activity. Our in vivo study demonstrated that CREB and KMT5A were downregulated in glomerular endothelial cells of DN patients and rats. In conclusion, CREB associates with KMT5A to promote PTP1B expression in vascular endothelial cells, thus contributing to hyperglycemia-induced inflammatory factor levels in DN patients and rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lihong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenting Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Minmin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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10
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Chung EY, Ruospo M, Natale P, Bolignano D, Navaneethan SD, Palmer SC, Strippoli GF. Aldosterone antagonists in addition to renin angiotensin system antagonists for preventing the progression of chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 10:CD007004. [PMID: 33107592 PMCID: PMC8094274 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd007004.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) is used to reduce proteinuria and retard the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, resolution of proteinuria may be incomplete with these therapies and the addition of an aldosterone antagonist may be added to further prevent progression of CKD. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2009 and updated in 2014. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of aldosterone antagonists (selective (eplerenone), non-selective (spironolactone or canrenone), or non-steroidal mineralocorticoid antagonists (finerenone)) in adults who have CKD with proteinuria (nephrotic and non-nephrotic range) on: patient-centred endpoints including kidney failure (previously know as end-stage kidney disease (ESKD)), major cardiovascular events, and death (any cause); kidney function (proteinuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and doubling of serum creatinine); blood pressure; and adverse events (including hyperkalaemia, acute kidney injury, and gynaecomastia). SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Register of Studies up to 13 January 2020 through contact with the Information Specialist using search terms relevant to this review. Studies in the Register are identified through searches of CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE, conference proceedings, the International Clinical Trials Register (ICTRP) Search Portal, and ClinicalTrials.gov. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs that compared aldosterone antagonists in combination with ACEi or ARB (or both) to other anti-hypertensive strategies or placebo in participants with proteinuric CKD. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed study quality and extracted data. Data were summarised using random effects meta-analysis. We expressed summary treatment estimates as a risk ratio (RR) for dichotomous outcomes and mean difference (MD) for continuous outcomes, or standardised mean difference (SMD) when different scales were used together with their 95% confidence interval (CI). Risk of bias were assessed using the Cochrane tool. Evidence certainty was evaluated using GRADE. MAIN RESULTS Forty-four studies (5745 participants) were included. Risk of bias in the evaluated methodological domains were unclear or high risk in most studies. Adequate random sequence generation was present in 12 studies, allocation concealment in five studies, blinding of participant and investigators in 18 studies, blinding of outcome assessment in 15 studies, and complete outcome reporting in 24 studies. All studies comparing aldosterone antagonists to placebo or standard care were used in addition to an ACEi or ARB (or both). None of the studies were powered to detect differences in patient-level outcomes including kidney failure, major cardiovascular events or death. Aldosterone antagonists had uncertain effects on kidney failure (2 studies, 84 participants: RR 3.00, 95% CI 0.33 to 27.65, I² = 0%; very low certainty evidence), death (3 studies, 421 participants: RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.10 to 3.50, I² = 0%; low certainty evidence), and cardiovascular events (3 studies, 1067 participants: RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.26 to 3.56; I² = 42%; low certainty evidence) compared to placebo or standard care. Aldosterone antagonists may reduce protein excretion (14 studies, 1193 participants: SMD -0.51, 95% CI -0.82 to -0.20, I² = 82%; very low certainty evidence), eGFR (13 studies, 1165 participants, MD -3.00 mL/min/1.73 m², 95% CI -5.51 to -0.49, I² = 0%, low certainty evidence) and systolic blood pressure (14 studies, 911 participants: MD -4.98 mmHg, 95% CI -8.22 to -1.75, I² = 87%; very low certainty evidence) compared to placebo or standard care. Aldosterone antagonists probably increase the risk of hyperkalaemia (17 studies, 3001 participants: RR 2.17, 95% CI 1.47 to 3.22, I² = 0%; moderate certainty evidence), acute kidney injury (5 studies, 1446 participants: RR 2.04, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.97, I² = 0%; moderate certainty evidence), and gynaecomastia (4 studies, 281 participants: RR 5.14, 95% CI 1.14 to 23.23, I² = 0%; moderate certainty evidence) compared to placebo or standard care. Non-selective aldosterone antagonists plus ACEi or ARB had uncertain effects on protein excretion (2 studies, 139 participants: SMD -1.59, 95% CI -3.80 to 0.62, I² = 93%; very low certainty evidence) but may increase serum potassium (2 studies, 121 participants: MD 0.31 mEq/L, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.45, I² = 0%; low certainty evidence) compared to diuretics plus ACEi or ARB. Selective aldosterone antagonists may increase the risk of hyperkalaemia (2 studies, 500 participants: RR 1.62, 95% CI 0.66 to 3.95, I² = 0%; low certainty evidence) compared ACEi or ARB (or both). There were insufficient studies to perform meta-analyses for the comparison between non-selective aldosterone antagonists and calcium channel blockers, selective aldosterone antagonists plus ACEi or ARB (or both) and nitrate plus ACEi or ARB (or both), and non-steroidal mineralocorticoid antagonists and selective aldosterone antagonists. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The effects of aldosterone antagonists when added to ACEi or ARB (or both) on the risks of death, major cardiovascular events, and kidney failure in people with proteinuric CKD are uncertain. Aldosterone antagonists may reduce proteinuria, eGFR, and systolic blood pressure in adults who have mild to moderate CKD but may increase the risk of hyperkalaemia, acute kidney injury and gynaecomastia when added to ACEi and/or ARB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Ym Chung
- Department of Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marinella Ruospo
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Natale
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Davide Bolignano
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR - Italian National Council of Research, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | | | - Suetonia C Palmer
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Giovanni Fm Strippoli
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Cochrane Kidney and Transplant, Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
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11
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Barrera-Chimal J, Girerd S, Jaisser F. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and kidney diseases: pathophysiological basis. Kidney Int 2019; 96:302-319. [PMID: 31133455 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a global health concern, and its prevalence is increasing. The ultimate therapeutic option for CKD is kidney transplantation. However, the use of drugs that target specific pathways to delay or halt CKD progression, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors is limited in clinical practice. Mineralocorticoid receptor activation in nonclassical tissues, such as the endothelium, smooth muscle cells, inflammatory cells, podocytes, and fibroblasts may have deleterious effects on kidney structure and function. Several preclinical studies have shown that mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) ameliorate or cure kidney injury and dysfunction in different models of kidney disease. In this review, we present the preclinical evidence showing a benefit of MRAs in acute kidney injury, the transition from acute kidney injury to CKD, hypertensive and diabetic nephropathy, glomerulonephritis, and kidney toxicity induced by calcineurin inhibitors. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms responsible for renoprotection related to MRAs that lead to reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and hemodynamic alterations. The available clinical data support a benefit of MRA in reducing proteinuria in diabetic kidney disease and improving cardiovascular outcomes in CKD patients. Moreover, a benefit of MRAs in kidney transplantation has also been observed. The past and present clinical trials describing the effect of MRAs on kidney injury are presented, and the risk of hyperkalemia and use of other options, such as potassium binding agents or nonsteroidal MRAs, are also addressed. Altogether, the available preclinical and clinical data support a benefit of using MRAs in CKD, an approach that should be further explored in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Barrera-Chimal
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Cardiovascular y Trasplante Renal, Unidad de Medicina Traslacional, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sophie Girerd
- Transplant Unit, Nephrology Department, Nancy University Hospital, Lorraine University, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1116, Clinical Investigation Centre, Lorraine University, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Investigation Network Initiative - Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network, Nancy, France
| | - Frederic Jaisser
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1116, Clinical Investigation Centre, Lorraine University, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Investigation Network Initiative - Cardiovascular and Renal Clinical Trialists, French-Clinical Research Infrastructure Network, Nancy, France; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, UMRS 1138, Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne University, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.
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12
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Butler MJ, Ramnath R, Kadoya H, Desposito D, Riquier-Brison A, Ferguson JK, Onions KL, Ogier AS, ElHegni H, Coward RJ, Welsh GI, Foster RR, Peti-Peterdi J, Satchell SC. Aldosterone induces albuminuria via matrix metalloproteinase-dependent damage of the endothelial glycocalyx. Kidney Int 2018; 95:94-107. [PMID: 30389198 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aldosterone contributes to end-organ damage in heart failure and chronic kidney disease. Mineralocorticoid-receptor inhibitors limit activation of the receptor by aldosterone and slow disease progression, but side effects, including hyperkalemia, limit their clinical use. Damage to the endothelial glycocalyx (a luminal biopolymer layer) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction and albuminuria, but to date no one has investigated whether the glomerular endothelial glycocalyx is affected by aldosterone. In vitro, human glomerular endothelial cells exposed to 0.1 nM aldosterone and 145 mMol NaCl exhibited reduced cell surface glycocalyx components (heparan sulfate and syndecan-4) and disrupted shear sensing consistent with damage of the glycocalyx. In vivo, administration of 0.6 μg/g/d of aldosterone (subcutaneous minipump) and 1% NaCl drinking water increased glomerular matrix metalloproteinase 2 activity, reduced syndecan 4 expression, and caused albuminuria. Intravital multiphoton imaging confirmed that aldosterone caused damage of the glomerular endothelial glycocalyx and increased the glomerular sieving coefficient for albumin. Targeting matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 with a specific gelatinase inhibitor preserved the glycocalyx, blocked the rise in glomerular sieving coefficient, and prevented albuminuria. Together these data suggest that preservation of the glomerular endothelial glycocalyx may represent a novel strategy for limiting the pathological effects of aldosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Butler
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Raina Ramnath
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hiroyuki Kadoya
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dorinne Desposito
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anne Riquier-Brison
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joanne K Ferguson
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Karen L Onions
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Anna S Ogier
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Hesham ElHegni
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard J Coward
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gavin I Welsh
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca R Foster
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Janos Peti-Peterdi
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Simon C Satchell
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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13
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Wang X, Guo J, Wu Q, Niu C, Cheng G, Liu D, Liu Z, Zhao Z, Xiao J. Chemerin/chemR23 association with endothelial-mesenchymal transition in diabetic nephropathy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:7408-7416. [PMID: 31966583 PMCID: PMC6965245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to analyze the association of chemerin/chemR23 with endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in the kidney of rats during the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Eighty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly distributed to age-matched control and diabetic nephropathy model groups. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Morphological changes in the renal tissues were observed after periodic acid-Schiff staining. Chemerin and chemR23 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. Co-expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and CD31 was determined by immunofluorescence double-labeling. Expression of all these markers was analyzed by Western blotting. Expression of chemerin, chemR23, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) genes at mRNA level was determined by qRT-PCR. Mild glomerular hypertrophy was observed at 4 weeks and mild glomerular basement membrane thickening and mesangial matrix proliferation at 12 weeks. Immunohistochemistry showed much higher levels of chemerin and chemR23 in diabetic rats compared with the control group. Expression of chemerin, chemR23, and α-SMA proteins increased with disease progression, while CD31 protein expression decreased. Expression of chemerin, chemR23, and TGF-β1 mRNAs also increased. α-SMA and CD31 co-expression increased with disease progression from 4 weeks. Spearman correlation analysis showed that chemerin mRNA levels correlated positively with Chem R23, TGF-β1, α-SMA expression, and CD31 and α-SMA double-positive cell numbers, but negatively with CD31 protein expression. In conclusion, chemerin expression correlates with EndMT in DN model rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Qiujie Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Cong Niu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Genyang Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
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14
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Mahmoodnia L, Aghadavod E, Beigrezaei S, Rafieian-Kopaei M. An update on diabetic kidney disease, oxidative stress and antioxidant agents. J Renal Inj Prev 2017; 6:153-157. [PMID: 28497094 PMCID: PMC5423285 DOI: 10.15171/jrip.2017.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that is defined by relative or absolute deficiency of insulin secretion. Diabetic kidney disease seems to be one of the most frequent complications of diabetes mellitus. Based on evidence, increased free-radical formation and/or diminished antioxidant defenses induce oxidative stress that is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. It is evident that diabetic state induces oxidative stress through different signaling pathways as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation that attributes to the activation of various downstream signaling cascade leading to structural the way to structural and functional changes in kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mahmoodnia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Esmat Aghadavod
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sara Beigrezaei
- School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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