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Rajput G, Gao A, Wu TC, Tsai CT, Molano J, Wu DTY. Sleep Patterns of Premedical Undergraduate Students: Pilot Study and Protocol Evaluation. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e45910. [PMID: 38306175 PMCID: PMC10873796 DOI: 10.2196/45910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor sleep hygiene persists in college students today, despite its heavy implications on adolescent development and academic performance. Although sleep patterns in undergraduates have been broadly investigated, no study has exclusively assessed the sleep patterns of premedical undergraduate students. A gap also exists in the knowledge of how students perceive their sleep patterns compared to their actual sleep patterns. OBJECTIVE This study aims to address 2 research questions: What are the sleep patterns of premedical undergraduate students? Would the proposed study protocol be feasible to examine the perception of sleep quality and promote sleep behavioral changes in premedical undergraduate students? METHODS An anonymous survey was conducted with premedical students in the Medical Science Baccalaureate program at an R1: doctoral university in the Midwest United States to investigate their sleep habits and understand their demographics. The survey consisted of both Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire items (1-9) and participant demographic questions. To examine the proposed protocol feasibility, we recruited 5 students from the survey pool for addressing the perception of sleep quality and changes. These participants followed a 2-week protocol wearing Fitbit Inspire 2 watches and underwent preassessments, midassessments, and postassessments. Participants completed daily reflections and semistructured interviews along with PSQI questionnaires during assessments. RESULTS According to 103 survey responses, premedical students slept an average of 7.1 hours per night. Only a quarter (26/103) of the participants experienced good sleep quality (PSQI<5), although there was no significant difference (P=.11) in the proportions of good (PSQI<5) versus poor sleepers (PSQI≥5) across cohorts. When students perceived no problem at all in their sleep quality, 50% (14/28) of them actually had poor sleep quality. Among the larger proportion of students who perceived sleep quality as only a slight problem, 26% (11/43) of them presented poor sleep quality. High stress levels were associated with poor sleep quality. This study reveals Fitbit as a beneficial tool in raising sleep awareness. Participants highlighted Fitbit elements that aid in comprehension such as being able to visualize their sleep stage breakdown and receive an overview of their sleep pattern by simply looking at their Fitbit sleep scores. In terms of protocol evaluation, participants believed that assessments were conducted within the expected duration, and they did not have a strong opinion about the frequency of survey administration. However, Fitbit was found to provide notable variation daily, leading to missing data. Moreover, the Fitbit app's feature description was vague and could lead to confusion. CONCLUSIONS Poor sleep quality experienced by unaware premedical students points to a need for raising sleep awareness and developing effective interventions. Future work should refine our study protocol based on lessons learned and health behavior theories and use Fitbit as an informatics solution to promote healthy sleep behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Rajput
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Medical Sciences Baccalaureate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Andy Gao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Medical Sciences Baccalaureate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Tzu-Chun Wu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ching-Tzu Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- School of Design, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jennifer Molano
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Danny T Y Wu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Medical Sciences Baccalaureate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- School of Design, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Kelly M, Lynch J, Mainstone P, Green A, Sturman N. 'Things we are expected to just do and deal with': Using the medical humanities to encourage reflection on vulnerability and nurture clinical skills, collegiality, compassion, and self-care. PERSPECTIVES ON MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 11:300-304. [PMID: 35960444 PMCID: PMC9582175 DOI: 10.1007/s40037-022-00724-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Vulnerability in Medicine (ViM) program was developed to provide protected time and psychologically safe spaces for third-year medical students to consider challenges in the doctor-patient relationship and the clinical workplace. A suite of discussion-prompts presented in a small-group learning environment provides a springboard for students to reflect on their development as clinicians, understand the personhood of their patients, explore the therapeutic relationship, and consider emotional responses and personal, cultural, and social assumptions that impact on care. The program supports students to recognise vulnerability in themselves, the patient, their tutors, and the wider clinical team, as they face the challenge of aligning the clinician they want to become with ideals of professionalism and the imperfect clinical workplace. This 6‑week program focuses on the vulnerability of patients, students, and doctors in a weekly tutorial interposed with clinical placements primarily in geriatric, rehabilitation, or palliative medicine. The tutorials draw from the medical humanities and use experiential, reflective, and narrative learning techniques. They are facilitated by generalist clinicians who model their own vulnerability, humanity, and reflective practice by sharing tutorial tasks equally with students. Students report feeling supported, and appreciate the opportunity to discuss ethical, psychosocial, and emotional aspects of medicine whilst reflecting on what medical practice means to them. Tutors experience a deeper appreciation of student journeys and their own vocations as clinicians and teachers. The sharing of vulnerability exposes the humanity of patients, students, and clinicians, and sustains our whole-person approach to the care of patients, students, and ourselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kelly
- General Practice Clinical Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Johanna Lynch
- General Practice Clinical Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Penny Mainstone
- General Practice Clinical Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alison Green
- General Practice Clinical Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nancy Sturman
- General Practice Clinical Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Shin Y, Kim UJ, Lee HA, Choi EJ, Park HJ, Ahn HS, Park H. Health and Mortality in Korean Healthcare Workers. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e22. [PMID: 35040297 PMCID: PMC8763883 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the health status of healthcare workers (doctors and nurses) compared to those in the general population based on the National Health Insurance Service database and the cause of death data from Statistics Korea. METHODS The subjects of this study were 104,484 doctors and 220,310 nurses working in healthcare facilities from 2002 to 2017, and who had undergone at least one general medical examination. Based on the subject definition, the subject data were extracted from the National Health Insurance healthcare facility database and qualification database. We collected medical use details included in the research database, general medical examination results, medical history included in the health examination database, and additional data on the cause of death from the National Statistics database to analyze the main cause of death and mortality. RESULTS In terms of the major causes of death and mortality among healthcare workers, the mortality rate associated with intentional self-harm, injury, transportation accident, heart disease, addiction, and falling was significantly higher than that in the general population. Further, the prevalence of respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases was high. When analyzing the proportional mortality ratio (PMR) by cause of death for healthcare workers, the PMR values for death related to malignant neoplasm was the highest. In terms of diseases, both doctors and nurses had higher rates of infectious diseases such as maternal sepsis, rubella, and measles. CONCLUSION The health status of healthcare workers differs from that of the general population. Thus, it is important to consider the occupational characteristics of healthcare personnel. This study is unique in that it was conducted based on medical use indicators rather than survey data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonhee Shin
- Advanced Biomedical Research Institute, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- College of Nursing, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ui Jeong Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ah Lee
- Clinical Trial Center, Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeong Sik Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- National Academy of Medicine of Korea (NAMOK)
| | - Hyesook Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
- National Academy of Medicine of Korea (NAMOK)
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Suraj SS, Umar BI, Gajida AU, Umar MU. Prevalence and factors associated with depression among medical students in Nigeria. Niger Postgrad Med J 2021; 28:198-203. [PMID: 34708707 DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_414_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Depression among medical students has been partly attributed to the nature of medical education, and may lead to poor academic and professional adjustment. The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of depression and its relationship to socio-demographic and clinical risk factors among medical students of Bayero University in Kano, Nigeria. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. Two hundred and seventy-nine medical students were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. The respondents were given a self-reporting questionnaire, which included sociodemographic details and 3-item Oslo Social Support Rating Scale. Depression was assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (7.0). Results The prevalence of depression among medical students was 15.1%. Depression was more in females, <22 years, those at the lower level of study, poor social support, family history of depression and history of depression. After logistic regression, only being female (P = 0.008) and history of depression (P = 0.007) differentiated medical students with depression from those with no depression with odds ratio (OR) of 2.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.31, 6.33]) and OR of 2.79 (95% CI = [1.33, 5.84]), respectively. There was no association between depression and poor financial state (P = 0.175), self-reported academic performance (P = 0.719) and use of psychoactive substances (P = 0.311). Conclusion Depression is an important condition among medical students in Nigeria. There is a need to help students with mental health challenges by providing preventive measures, early identification and treatment mechanisms in medical schools in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sani Salihu Suraj
- Department of Family Medicine, Muhammad Abdullahi Wase Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | | | - Auwal Umar Gajida
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Musa Usman Umar
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Kano, Nigeria
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Vollmer-Conna U, Beilharz JE, Cvejic E, Macnamara CL, Doherty M, Steel Z, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Harvey SB, Parker G. The well-being of medical students: A biopsychosocial approach. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2020; 54:997-1006. [PMID: 32447974 DOI: 10.1177/0004867420924086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mental health problems among medical students have been widely reported, but the predisposing and perpetuating factors and biological concomitants are poorly understood. Adopting a biopsychosocial approach, we studied well-being in a group of Australian medical students, focusing on sleep, autonomic and immune mechanisms, as well as mental, social and physical well-being, health-related behaviours, and daily functioning. METHODS Fourth-year medical students (N = 151) completed comprehensive assessments, including laboratory-based and nocturnal autonomic monitoring via ambulatory bioharness, a psychiatric diagnostic interview, and questionnaires assessing sleep quality and psychosocial and physical well-being. A blood sample was taken to quantify the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein. Sleep, mood and activity was additionally monitored daily for 7 days. RESULTS A sizable minority of students reported diminished physical, mental and psychosocial well-being. We also found concerning levels of sleep disturbance and social and occupational impairment in a subset of students. The strong co-occurrence of problems across symptom domains supported a biopsychosocial interdependence of health and well-being states. Maladaptive coping behaviours were apparent, notably hazardous alcohol consumption, which was associated with a clinically significant elevation in C-reactive protein levels (> 3 mg/L). We documented, for the first time, significantly diminished nocturnal heart rate variability in medical students with a mental health diagnosis. Nocturnal heart rate variability was strongly associated with sleep quality, daytime autonomic stress reactivity, as well as occupational and social functioning. CONCLUSION Well-being is a multifaceted phenomenon firmly interlinked with sleep, autonomic and immune function, health behaviours and functional outcomes. Our novel findings supported a key role for nocturnal autonomic function in promoting sleep quality and mental well-being. Interventions could focus on sleep hygiene and health behaviours as a buffer for well-being and teach more adaptive strategies for coping with the stresses of medical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Vollmer-Conna
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessica E Beilharz
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Erin Cvejic
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Claire L Macnamara
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle Doherty
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zachary Steel
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,St John of God Richmond Hospital, North Richmond, NSW, Australia
| | - Dusan Hadzi-Pavlovic
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Samuel B Harvey
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gordon Parker
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Wald HS. Optimizing resilience and wellbeing for healthcare professions trainees and healthcare professionals during public health crises - Practical tips for an 'integrative resilience' approach. MEDICAL TEACHER 2020; 42:744-755. [PMID: 32449867 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2020.1768230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Public health crises, including pandemics, are associated with significant health risk and concomitant stress, fear, decreased sense of control, and uncertainty. Deleterious impact on both physical and mental health can result, including for healthcare professionals and health professions trainees. Changes in governmental policies and hospital protocols for healthcare professionals as well as disruption of educational formats and requirements for trainees can ensue. Difficult anxiety-provoking realities of public health crises including pandemics which involve caring for many seriously ill patients, moral distress including difficult care decisions, personal health risk, and/or potential risk to one's family can take a dire toll on the mental health of healthcare professionals at all stages of the professional lifecycle. Educational disruptions can create significant anxiety for trainees about completing requirements and achieving competencies. Within this, coping skills may be challenged and strengths may be elucidated as well. Such crises create an imperative for medical educators to support trainees' wellbeing through adaptive flexibility for curriculum innovation and culturally sensitive resilience and wellbeing interventions. Strategies ('tips') to optimize resilience and wellbeing with an integrative resilience approach of individual, learning environment, and organization/systems factors are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedy S Wald
- Clinical Professor of Family Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Barrimi M, Maazouzi M, Malakt S, Lazaar S, Khaoulani H. Les idées et les tentatives de suicide chez les étudiants en médecine au Maroc : résultats d’une étude multicentrique. ANNALES MEDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Esan O, Esan A, Folasire A, Oluwajulugbe P. Mental health and wellbeing of medical students in Nigeria: a systematic review. Int Rev Psychiatry 2019; 31:661-672. [PMID: 31646912 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2019.1677220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the stresses common to medical school training, medical students in Nigeria face additional peculiar contemporary social problems due to income inequality, poverty, insecurity and political instability. These have a direct impact on their mental health and wellbeing. The aim of this study was to systematically review articles reporting on the epidemiology of psychiatric disorders among medical students in Nigeria. Studies were identified using MEDLINE, HINARI, African Journal Online (AJOL) and Google Scholar databases using search terms encompassing psychiatric morbidity amongst medical students. No date restrictions were applied to the search. The pooled prevalence estimate was calculated for each disorder. Psychological distress was present in 25.2% of the students, perceived stress in 60.5%, depression in 33.5% and anxiety in 28.8%. The current use of at least one psychoactive substance was present in up to 44.2%, while 35.5% of all the respondents had experienced one or more forms of abuse during their training as medical students. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among medical students in Nigeria is high. Positive coping mechanisms such as religiosity, positive reframing and resilience which were identified in this review should be optimized to reduce the burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluyomi Esan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Arinola Esan
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ayorinde Folasire
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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McCormack AI. A perfect storm: towards reducing the risk of suicide in the medical profession. Med J Aust 2018; 209:378-379. [PMID: 30376655 DOI: 10.5694/mja18.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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