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Pereira TLB, Ang E, Aayisha, Naidu KNC, Chan YH, Shorey S. Ontological coaching among nursing undergraduates: a pilot randomized controlled (OCEAN) trial. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2024; 29:2379109. [PMID: 39033532 PMCID: PMC11262227 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2024.2379109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
To develop and assess the preliminary effectiveness of Ontological Coaching Intervention for nursing undergraduates. Design: A pilot randomized controlled trial with a two-group pre-test and post-test followed by process-evaluation qualitative interviews. An Ontological Coaching Intervention was developed through an integration of prior literature and the collective the research team's experience, consisting of 4-6 sessions over 6-months, each lasting 30-60 minutes. Sessions encompassed exploring ontological coaching concepts, empowering nursing undergraduates to choose topics, and tailoring sessions to individual needs. Sixty undergraduates were recruited; ten were excluded for not completing the baseline questionnaires. Twenty-one nursing undergraduates were randomly assigned to the intervention group and twenty-nine undergraduates to the control group (standard academic support only). Primary (psychological well-being) and secondary (social support quantity and satisfaction, goal-setting, resilience) outcomes were measured at baseline, 3-months, and 6-months. Semi-structured interviews captured post-intervention experiences. Between-group analyses revealed a significant difference in goal-setting scores at 3-months (U = 325.5, p = 0.013), favoring the intervention group (median = 70.50, IQR = 64.25, 76.75). At 6-months, a significant difference in social support satisfaction scores (U = 114.5, p = 0.028) was found between the intervention (median = 33.00, IQR = 29.50, 35.25) and control (median = 30.00, IQR = 30.00, 35.00) groups. However, no significant between-group differences were noted in other outcome measures. Significant within-group differences were found in goal-setting scores at 3- and 6-months in the intervention group and social support quantity scores at 3- and 6-months in the control group. However, no significant within-group differences were noted in other outcome measures. Three themes were identified: Enhanced Holistic Development, Keys to Successful Coaching, and Future Directions for Successful Coaching. There is urgent need to advance research on Ontological Coaching Intervention, particularly, enhancing study rigor, broadening examinations to diverse healthcare student populations and cultural contexts, and addressing identified limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Lanz-Brian Pereira
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Emily Ang
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aayisha
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kuhanesan N. C. Naidu
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yiong Huak Chan
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shefaly Shorey
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Moreira MBP, Pereira HP, Torres IN, Marina S, Ricou M. The stigma towards mental illness: Portuguese validation of the Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Healthcare Providers (OMS-HC). Front Psychol 2024; 15:1359483. [PMID: 38515965 PMCID: PMC10955081 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1359483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Stigma toward mental illness significantly contributes to a lower quality of healthcare that can be provided. There are few studies on this topic in Portugal, so validating a scale that can evaluate and study the stigma is paramount. The aim of this study was to validate the Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Portuguese healthcare professionals. Methods A total of 503 participants were included in this study, and the majority was female (81.1%). The sample consisted mainly of psychologists (39.4%) and physicians (30.8%). Reliability and validity analyses were conducted and included exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results Our results suggest that a 12-item model was the most appropriate (RMSEA = 0.026, SRMR = 0.057, CFI = 0.979, TLI = 0.973, GFI = 0.955) compared to our 15-item model and the original model. Items 8, 9 and 10 were removed. The 12-item scale's internal consistency was adequate (α = 0.71; ω = 0.72). Conclusion The 12-item model of the scale showed good reliability and validity and is appropriate for use with Portuguese healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena P. Pereira
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês N. Torres
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Marina
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Ricou
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Tan YQ, Kyaw L, Wang Z, Goh YSB. Psychological health of graduating medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide survey. Singapore Med J 2024; 65:S46-S50. [PMID: 34628804 PMCID: PMC11073652 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2021154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Quan Tan
- Department of Urology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Lin Kyaw
- Department of Urology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Ziting Wang
- Department of Urology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Yen Seow Benjamin Goh
- Department of Urology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Rees A, Cuthbert C, Shah V, Rong L, Peh D, Baptista A, Smith S. Medical student perceptions of mental illness: a cross-sectional transnational study in two medical schools. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:981. [PMID: 38124141 PMCID: PMC10731839 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04962-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite shifting global attitudes, mental illness remains highly stigmatised amongst practicing doctors. This has wider implications on doctors' training to care for patients with mental illness. There is need for exploration of the presence and mitigation of stigma in early medical education to prevent such attitudes propagating into clinical practice. Thus, this study explores whether stigmatising attitudes are detectable amongst medical students in London and Singapore and examines whether they are ameliorated by specific curricular and welfare features of formal medical education, utilising the Mental Illness Stigma Framework (MISF). METHODS A mixed-methods approach was adopted. Medical students at Imperial College London (UK; n = 211) and Nanyang Technological University (Singapore; n = 141) completed a validated scale (the OMS-HC-15) to assess attitudes towards mental illness. Semi-structured interviews were conducted (Imperial: n = 12, NTU: n = 8) until theoretical saturation was reached. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively and comparatively using SPSS and interview data subjected to inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS Total OMS-HC-15 scores ranged from 19-51 for Imperial (n = 211) and 16-53 for NTU (n = 141). No significant differences in overall stigma scores were found between the two schools (p = 0.24), nor when comparing year groups within each school. Four themes were identified across interview data: student perceptions, impacts of medical school culture, university support, and curricular impacts on mental illness perceptions. Themes allowed identification of aspects of medical school that were well-received and warranted further emphasis by students, alongside areas for improvement. CONCLUSION Mental health stigma was identified in two medical schools, with differing cultures. Mean stigma scores obtained were comparable between both UK and Singaporean medical students. Nuanced differences were identified via subgroup analysis, and the MISF identified both shared and country-specific drivers for this stigma across the qualitative data. Actionable recommendations to mitigate this were hypothesised. Curricular improvements such as earlier psychiatric teaching and sharing of personal stories may improve future stigma scores as students' progress through the course. Specific welfare-based changes to formal support systems were also deemed to be beneficial by students. The impacts of welfare and curricular redesign in relation to societal influence on students' attitudes warrants further investigation, as does medical students' self-stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Rees
- School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | | | - Viraj Shah
- School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lim Rong
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel Peh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ana Baptista
- School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Medical Education Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Susan Smith
- Medical Education Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Valdivia Ramos HN, Mora-Rios J, Natera G, Mondragón L. Psychometric properties of the Mexican version of the opening minds stigma scale for health care providers (OMS-HC). PeerJ 2023; 11:e16375. [PMID: 38025693 PMCID: PMC10655721 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Healthcare providers are one of the main groups that contribute to the stigmatization of people with mental disorders. Apathy, accusation, fatalism, and morbid curiosity are the most common forms of stigmatization encountered, and these are associated with inadequate treatment, reduced treatment adherence, decreased help-seeking behavior, an increased risk of relapse, and complications with other medical conditions. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of an adapted Spanish version of the Opening Minds Stigma Scale (OMS-HC) for healthcare providers in Mexico and identify certain stigmatizing attitudes within this group. Methods An ex-post facto cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 556 healthcare providers in Mexico, with an average age of 29.7 years, who were mostly women (80.4%). Validity was examined through confirmatory factor analysis. Differences according to gender, discipline, occupation, and educational level were analyzed using multivariate methods. Results The factor structure of the OMS-HC, consisting of three subscales identified by the original authors of the instrument (attitudes of healthcare providers towards people with mental illness, secrecy/help-seeking, and social distance), was confirmed. The model demonstrated good fit (x2/df = 2.36, RMSEA = 0.050, CFI = 0.970, TLI = 0.962, SRMR = 0.054, NFI = 0.950, PNFI = 0.742). Internal consistency was found to be adequate (α = 0.73, ω = 0.76) for the scale itself and slightly lower than acceptable for the subscales. Significant differences were found by discipline, educational level, and, for student providers, by academic semester. Higher scores were observed on the OMS-HC scale among nursing and medical professionals, undergraduate students, and those in early semesters. Conclusions The Spanish version of the OMS-HC has demonstrated adequate psychometric properties and could be a useful tool to facilitate research on this topic in Mexico, and to carry out comparative studies with healthcare personnel in other Spanish-speaking countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Noel Valdivia Ramos
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado de Ciencias Médicas, Ontológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jazmín Mora-Rios
- Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Guillermina Natera
- Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Liliana Mondragón
- Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, México
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Sevak RJ, Chandler C, Lui MC, Kaye AM, Halliwell RF, Rogan EL. Impact of a Neuropsychiatric Therapeutics Course and a Case-Based Course on Pharmacy Students' Mental Health Stigma. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2023; 87:100125. [PMID: 37714654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpe.2023.100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mental health education can reduce the stigma held by medical and nursing students; however, findings in this regard are limited in pharmacy academia. This study investigated the impact of a neuropsychiatric therapeutics course followed by a case-based course on the mental health stigma held by pharmacy students. METHODS A survey was conducted of second-year pharmacy students (n = 202) on the first and last day of a neuropsychiatric therapeutics course and 4 months later, at the end of a case-based course. The questionnaires included the Opening Minds Stigma Scale for HealthCare Providers (OMS-HC) scale, Recovery scale, Empowerment scale, and Attribution Questionnaire (AQ-9). Omnibus Friedman tests evaluated the main effect of time, followed by Wilcoxon signed-rank post hoc tests to compare baseline and postcourse scores. RESULTS Friedman test outcomes showed significant main effects of Time for OMS-HC, Recovery, Empowerment, and AQ-9 scales. Post hoc analysis indicated that compared to the baseline scores, the scores on Recovery and Empowerment scales significantly increased, OMS-HC scores decreased, but AQ-9 scores did not change after the therapeutics course. Compared to the baseline, OMS-HC and AQ-9 scores decreased, Recovery scale score increased, but the Empowerment scale score did not change after the case-based course. The scores did not decrease further after the case-based course compared to those after the therapeutics course. CONCLUSION The decreases in OMS-HC and AQ-9 scores and increases in Recovery and Empowerment scores indicate reductions in mental health stigma. Stigma among students was overall reduced after the therapeutics course and this reduction was maintained after the case-based course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar J Sevak
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of the Pacific School of Pharmacy, Stockton, CA, USA.
| | - Celine Chandler
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of the Pacific School of Pharmacy, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - May C Lui
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of the Pacific School of Pharmacy, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Adam M Kaye
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of the Pacific School of Pharmacy, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Robert F Halliwell
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of the Pacific School of Pharmacy, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Edward L Rogan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of the Pacific School of Pharmacy, Stockton, CA, USA
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Őri D, Szocsics P, Molnár T, Bankovska Motlova L, Kazakova O, Mörkl S, Wallies M, Abdulhakim M, Boivin S, Bruna K, Cabacos C, Carbone EA, Dashi E, Grech G, Greguras S, Ivanovic I, Guevara K, Kakar S, Kotsis K, Klinkby IMI, Maslak J, Matheiken S, Mirkovic A, Nechepurenko N, Panayi A, Pereira AT, Pomarol-Clotet E, Raaj S, Rus Prelog P, Soler-Vidal J, Strumila R, Schuster F, Kisand H, Hargi A, Ahmadova G, Vircik M, Yilmaz Kafali H, Grinko N, Győrffy Z, Rózsa S. Psychometric properties of the Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers in 32 European countries - A bifactor ESEM representation. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1168929. [PMID: 37361150 PMCID: PMC10285467 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1168929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims To measure the stigma of healthcare providers toward people suffering from mental illness, the Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC) is a commonly applied instrument. However, this scale has not been thoroughly validated in many European countries, its psychometric properties are still unknown and data on practicing psychiatrists is lacking. Therefore, this multicenter study aimed to assess the psychometric characteristics of the 15-item OMS-HC in trainees and specialists in adult and child psychiatry in 32 countries across Europe. Materials and methods The OMS-HC was conducted as an anonymous online survey and sent via Email to European adult and child psychiatrists. Parallel analysis was used to estimate the number of OMS-HC dimensions. Separate for each country, the bifactor ESEM, a bifactor exploratory structural equation modeling approach, was applied to investigate the factor structure of the scale. Cross-cultural validation was done based on multigroup confirmatory factor analyses and reliability measures. Results A total of 4,245 practitioners were included, 2,826 (67%) female, 1,389 (33%) male. The majority (66%) of participants were specialists, with 78% working in adult psychiatry. When country data were analyzed separately, the bifactor model (higher-order factor solution with a general factor and three specific factors) showed the best model fit (for the total sample χ2/df = 9.760, RMSEA = 0.045 (0.042-0.049), CFI = 0.981; TLI = 0.960, WRMR = 1.200). The average proportion of variance explained by the general factor was high (ECV = 0.682). This suggests that the aspects of 'attitude,' 'disclosure and help-seeking,' and 'social distance' could be treated as a single dimension of stigma. Among the specific factors, the 'disclosure and help-seeking' factor explained a considerable unique proportion of variance in the observed scores. Conclusion This international study has led to cross-cultural analysis of the OMS-HC on a large sample of practicing psychiatrists. The bifactor structure displayed the best overall model fit in each country. Rather than using the subscales, we recommend the total score to quantify the overall stigmatizing attitudes. Further studies are required to strengthen our findings in countries where the proposed model was found to be weak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorottya Őri
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Mental Health, Heim Pál National Pediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Péter Szocsics
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Molnár
- Department of Psychiatry, Aladar Petz County Teaching Hospital, Győr, Hungary
| | - Lucie Bankovska Motlova
- Division of Medical Psychology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Olga Kazakova
- Inpatient Psychiatric Department #2, Psychiatric Clinic of Minsk City, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Sabrina Mörkl
- Division of Medical Psychology, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Sylvie Boivin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, EPSM du Finistère Sud, Quimper, France
| | - Krista Bruna
- Admission Ward, State Psychiatric Hospital Gintermuiza, Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Carolina Cabacos
- Psychiatry Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elvira Anna Carbone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Elona Dashi
- Department of Neuroscience, University Hospital Center “Mother Theresa”, Tirana, Albania
| | - Giovanni Grech
- Mental Health Services, Mount Carmel Hospital, Attard, Malta
| | - Stjepan Greguras
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Ivanovic
- Department for Child Psychiatry, Clinical Centre of Montenegro, Institute for Children’s Diseases, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Kaloyan Guevara
- Acute Detoxification Ward, State Psychiatric Hospital for Treatment of Drug Addiction and Alcoholism, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Selay Kakar
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Ana Mirkovic
- Child Psychiatry Unit, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nikita Nechepurenko
- The Serbsky State Scientific Center for Social and Forensic Psychiatry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Ana Telma Pereira
- Institute of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shaeraine Raaj
- Department of General Adult Psychiatry, South Meath Mental Health Service, Meath, Ireland
| | - Polona Rus Prelog
- Centre for Clinical Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinic Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Joan Soler-Vidal
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Benito Menni, Complex Assistencial Salut Mental, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Robertas Strumila
- Department of Urgent and Post Urgent Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Psychiatric Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Florian Schuster
- Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München: Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Gumru Ahmadova
- Department of Psychiatry, United City Hospital N15, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Matus Vircik
- Acute Psychiatric Department 1, Psychiatric Hospital Michalovce, Michalovce, Slovakia
| | - Helin Yilmaz Kafali
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sultanbeyli State Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Natalia Grinko
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Ukrainian Catholic University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Zsuzsa Győrffy
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sandor Rózsa
- Department of Personality and Health Psychology, Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church, Budapest, Hungary
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Carrara BS, Sanches M, Bobbili SJ, de Godoy Costa S, de Sousa ÁFL, de Souza J, Ventura CAA. Validation of the Opening Minds Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC): Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Brazilian Version. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11071049. [PMID: 37046976 PMCID: PMC10094058 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11071049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Stigma towards people with mental illness is also present among health professionals. The study validated and estimated the reliability, dimensionality and structure of the Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC) scale in Brazil. In this methodological study, health professionals (n = 199) from Family Health Units in Brazil were recruited by convenience sampling. The EFA conducted with 16 items resulted in four factors. The Cronbach's Alpha for the OMS scale was 0.74, which is considered to reflect reasonable reliability. The data presented contribute to the use of the scale in studies that investigate the level of stigma among health professionals towards people with mental illness, as well as in the development of anti-stigma interventions in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Sordi Carrara
- PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development-Brazil, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, Brazil
| | - Marcos Sanches
- Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
| | | | - Simone de Godoy Costa
- PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development-Brazil, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, Brazil
| | | | - Jacqueline de Souza
- PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development-Brazil, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, Brazil
| | - Carla Aparecida Arena Ventura
- PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development-Brazil, University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, Brazil
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Teh WL, Abdin E, P V A, Siva Kumar FD, Roystonn K, Wang P, Shafie S, Chang S, Jeyagurunathan A, Vaingankar JA, Sum CF, Lee ES, van Dam RM, Subramaniam M. Measuring social desirability bias in a multi-ethnic cohort sample: its relationship with self-reported physical activity, dietary habits, and factor structure. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:415. [PMID: 36859251 PMCID: PMC9979418 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15309-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social desirability bias is one of the oldest forms of response bias studied in social sciences. While individuals may feel the need to fake good or bad answers in response to sensitive or intrusive questions, it remains unclear how rampant such a bias is in epidemiological research pertaining to self-reported lifestyle indicators in a multicultural Asian context. The main purpose of the current study is, therefore, to examine the sociodemographic correlates and impact of social desirability responding on self-reported physical activity and dietary habits at an epidemiological scale in a non-western multi-cultural Asian setting. METHODS Prior to the main analyses, confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses were conducted to determine the factorial validity of a western derived concept of social desirability. Multiple regression analyses were conducted on cross-sectional data (n = 2995) extracted from a nationwide survey conducted between 2019 and 2020. RESULTS A unique factor structure of social desirability was found and was therefore used for subsequent analyses. Multiple regression analyses revealed older age groups, the Indian ethnic group, those with past or present marriages, and having no income, had a significantly greater tendency to act on the bias. CONCLUSION The construct of social desirability bias was fundamentally different in a multicultural context than previously understood. Only a small proportion of variance of self-report lifestyle scores was explained by social desirability, thus providing support for data integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lin Teh
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Edimansyah Abdin
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Asharani P V
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fiona Devi Siva Kumar
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kumarasan Roystonn
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peizhi Wang
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saleha Shafie
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sherilyn Chang
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anitha Jeyagurunathan
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Chee Fang Sum
- Admiralty Medical Centre, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, 676 Woodlands Drive 71, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng Sing Lee
- National Healthcare Group Polyclinics, 3 Fusionopolis Link. Nexus@One-North, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore, Singapore.,Departments of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences and Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Mythily Subramaniam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore, Singapore
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Kotera Y, Jackson JE, Kirkman A, Edwards AM, Colman R, Underhill A, Jackson JG, Baker D, Ozaki A. Comparing the Mental Health of Healthcare Students: Mental Health Shame and Self-compassion in Counselling, Occupational Therapy, Nursing and Social Work Students. Int J Ment Health Addict 2023:1-18. [PMID: 36817984 PMCID: PMC9924877 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-023-01018-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor mental health of healthcare students is a cause for concern in many universities. Though previous research has identified mental health shame and self-compassion as critical in this student group, how these variables differ across different healthcare disciplines remains to be evaluated. Healthcare students (n = 344; counselling, occupational therapy, social work and nursing) completed measures regarding these variables. MANOVA and regression analyses were performed. (1) Counselling and nursing students were more depressed than occupational therapy students; (2) nursing students were more anxious than occupational therapy and social work students; (3) occupational therapy students had more positive attitudes towards mental health than the others; and (4) nursing students worried about their own reputation associated with their family more than counselling students. Self-compassion was the strongest predictor of mental health in all groups; however, the effect sizes varied: largest in nursing and smallest in social work students. Findings will help inform effective interventions for students in each healthcare discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kotera
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2TU Nottinghamshire UK
| | - Jessica E. Jackson
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Ann Kirkman
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Ann-Marie Edwards
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Rory Colman
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Ann Underhill
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Jessica G. Jackson
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Denise Baker
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Akihiko Ozaki
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, Japan
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11
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Atienza-Carbonell B, Hernández-Évole H, Balanzá-Martínez V. A "patient as educator" intervention: Reducing stigmatizing attitudes toward mental illness among medical students. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1020929. [PMID: 36620261 PMCID: PMC9811258 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1020929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This pre-post quasi-experimental pilot study aimed to assess the degree of stigma toward mental illness and whether a single, direct-contact "patient as educator" intervention with people with mental illness can reduce the degree of stigma among medical students. Methods All second-year medical students from the University of Valencia were invited to voluntarily complete the Community Attitudes Toward the Mentally Ill (CAMI), Reported and Intended Behavior Scale (RIBS), and Mental Health Knowledge Scale (MAKS) questionnaires before and after participating in the formal medical psychology course. A "patient as educator" workshop with expert patients was organized in the middle of the semester. A total of 127 students completed the survey; 20 students participated in the workshop (workshop group), and the remaining 107 students only took the formal educational course, forming the control group. Results At baseline, the groups were demographically matched and did not differ in the components of stigma or knowledge of mental illness. After the intervention, a greater reduction in the CAMI subscales of authoritarianism and social restriction was observed in the workshop group than in the control group. In the workshop group, scores for the benevolence subscale of the CAMI decreased more among women than men. In the control group, scores for the authoritarianism and benevolence subscales of the CAMI increased and decreased significantly more, respectively, in women than men. No significant changes were observed in scores for the RIBS at post-intervention in either group. Discussion The results of this pilot study suggest that a brief, direct-contact intervention in addition to formal medical education may further help reduce stigmatizing attitudes during the first years of medical school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Atienza-Carbonell
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain,Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Vicent Balanzá-Martínez
- Teaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain,Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Health Institute, Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Evaluation Unit in Personal Autonomy, Dependency and Serious Mental Disorders (TMAP), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain,*Correspondence: Vicent Balanzá-Martínez
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12
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Brahmi L, Amamou B, Ben Haouala A, Mhalla A, Gaha L. Attitudes toward mental illness among medical students and impact of temperament. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 68:1192-1202. [PMID: 35147058 DOI: 10.1177/00207640221077551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health-related stigma is a serious problem that has undesirable consequences for individuals with mental disorders including physical health disparities, increasing mortality, and social dysfunction. Besides, these individuals frequently report feeling 'devalued, dismissed, and dehumanized' when encountering health professionals who are also perpetrators of stigmatizing attitudes and discriminatory behaviors. AIMS The present study concentrates on attitudes, and behavioral responses of medical students and junior doctors toward individuals with a mental illness and explores factors associated with stigma including temperament. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students and junior doctors from medical schools of universities in Tunisia. All participants were invited to complete a brief anonymous electronic survey administered on the google forms online platform. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires, Stigma Measurement, Mental Illness: Clinicians' Attitudes (MICA), Assessment of Affective Temperament, TEMPS-A scale. RESULTS A total of 1,028 medical students and junior doctors were recruited. The completion of a psychiatry clerkship for medical students didn't improve significantly the level of stigma toward people with a mental illness. Students in the fourth year had significantly the lowest MICA scores comparing to other students. Psychiatrists had significantly lower scores of explicit stigma attitudes than the other groups (Mean score = 0.42). As for other specialties, surgical residents had more stigmatizing attitudes than those who had medical specialties. 70% of participants believed that people with a mental illness are more dangerous than the other patients. Hyperthymic temperament was significantly associated with decreased stigma attitudes toward patients with mental illness. CONCLUSION A combination of medical school experiences of psychiatry's theoretical learning and clerkship and wider societal beliefs are important factors that shape students. Awareness of this will enable educators to develop locally relevant anti-stigma teaching resources throughout the psychiatry curriculum to improve students' attitudes toward mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Brahmi
- Department of Psychiatry, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Badii Amamou
- Department of Psychiatry, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Amjed Ben Haouala
- Department of Psychiatry, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Mhalla
- Department of Psychiatry, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Gaha
- Department of Psychiatry, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
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Perspectives of Nursing Students towards Schizophrenia Stigma: A Qualitative Study Protocol. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159574. [PMID: 35954931 PMCID: PMC9368375 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim: This study aims to explore fourth-year nursing students’ knowledge of schizophrenia and their attitudes, empathy, and intentional behaviours towards people with schizophrenia. Design: This will be a descriptive qualitative study using focus-group interviews. Methods: Fourth-year nursing students on clinical placement in a hospital in Hunan province will be invited for focus-group interviews. Snowball and purposive sampling will be used to recruit nursing students for this study. Five focus-group interviews, each including six participants, will be conducted to explore participants’ knowledge, attitudes, intentional behaviours, and empathy towards schizophrenia. The interview will be conducted through the online Tencent video conference platform and the interview data will be collected through the same platform. All interviews will be recorded and transcribed verbatim and analysed with the approach of the content analysis supported by NVivo 12. Simultaneous data collection and analysis will be performed, and the interviews will be continued until data saturation is met. The findings of this study will be helpful in developing effective interventions to decrease the stigma toward schizophrenia among nursing students and those who study healthcare disciplines.
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Fekih-Romdhane F, Saidi M, Chaabane MA, Cheour M. Knowledge, attitude and behaviours toward people with mental illness among Tunisian nursing students and nonhealth care students: A cross-sectional study. Collegian 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Őri D, Szocsics P, Molnár T, Ralovich FV, Huszár Z, Bene Á, Rózsa S, Győrffy Z, Purebl G. Stigma towards mental illness and help-seeking behaviors among adult and child psychiatrists in Hungary: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269802. [PMID: 35687584 PMCID: PMC9187077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Stigma towards people with mental health problems is a growing issue across the world, to which healthcare providers might contribute. The aim of the present study was to explore psychiatrists’ attitudes towards their patients and link them to psychosocial and professional factors. Methods An online questionnaire was used to approach the in- and outpatient psychiatric services across Hungary. A total of 211 trainees and specialists in adult and child psychiatry participated in our study. Their overall stigmatizing attitudes were measured, with focus on attitude, disclosure and help-seeking, and social distance dimensions by using the self-report Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to elucidate the dimensions of stigma and its association with sociodemographic, professional and personal traits. Results Stigmatizing attitudes of close colleagues towards patients were statistically significant predictors of higher scores on the attitude [B = 0.235 (0.168–0.858), p = 0.004], the disclosure and help-seeking subscales [B = 0.169 (0.038–0.908), p = 0.033], and the total score of the OMS-HC [B = 0.191 (0.188–1.843), p = 0.016]. Psychiatrists who had already sought help for their own problems had lower scores on the disclosure and help-seeking subscale [B = 0.202 (0.248–1.925), p = 0.011]. The overall stigmatizing attitude was predicted by the openness to participate in case discussion, supervision or Balint groups [B = 0.166 (0.178–5.886), p = 0.037] besides the more favorable attitudes of their psychiatrist colleagues [B = 0.191 (0.188–1.843), p = 0.016]. Conclusions The favorable attitudes of psychiatrists are associated with their own experiences with any kind of psychiatric condition, previous help-seeking behavior and the opportunity to work together with fellow psychiatrists, whose attitudes are less stigmatizing. The perception of fellow colleagues’ attitudes towards patients and the openness to case discussion, supervision and Balint groups were the main two factors that affected the overall attitudes towards patients; therefore, these should be considered when tailoring anti-stigma interventions for psychiatrists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorottya Őri
- Department of Mental Health, Heim Pál National Pediatric Institute, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - Péter Szocsics
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Molnár
- University of Pécs Medical School, County Hospital Győr, Petz Aladár Hospital, Győr, Hungary
| | - Fanni Virág Ralovich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Huszár
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Bene
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Saint John Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Rózsa
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Zsuzsa Győrffy
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Purebl
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Renaming Schizophrenia and Stigma Reduction: A Cross-Sectional Study of Nursing Students in Taiwan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063563. [PMID: 35329254 PMCID: PMC8954196 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is one of the most stigmatized mental disorders. In 2014, schizophrenia was renamed in Mandarin in Taiwan, from the old name of “mind-splitting disease” to new name “disorder with dysfunction of thought and perception”, in an attempt to reduce the stigmatization of schizophrenia. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the effects of renaming schizophrenia on its stigma in nursing students. We examined the public stigma, self-stigma, and social distance associated with schizophrenia and compared them before and after the renaming. Basic demographic data and previous contact experience were collected, and participants completed a modified Attribution Questionnaire, the Perceived Psychiatric Stigma Scale, and modified Social Distance Scale. The final sample comprised 99 participants. Assessment revealed that the renaming significantly reduced public stigma, self-stigma, and social distance. Regarding the old and new names for schizophrenia, the fourth-year nursing students scored significantly higher on public stigma and self-stigma than did the first-year students. Personal exposure to individuals diagnosed with mental disorders reduced public stigma toward schizophrenia. The study findings suggest that the renaming of schizophrenia reduced its associated stigma. Providing accurate information, instruction by qualified tutors, as well as exposure to patients in acute exacerbation in hospital settings and recovered patients in the community are important. Further studies with longitudinal design, participants from diverse backgrounds, and larger sample sizes to investigate the effect of renaming on the stigma toward schizophrenia are warranted.
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Gervás R, García-Ullán L, Amor V, Bullón A, Galindo PV, Roncero C. Effectiveness and types of interventions to reduce mental illness-related stigma among Medical university students: A literature review (1997-2020). ACTAS ESPANOLAS DE PSIQUIATRIA 2022; 50:106-113. [PMID: 35312996 PMCID: PMC10803865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is a high prevalence of stigma among medical students towards mental illness, which can have far reaching negative consequences. It is essential to intervene and modify their preconceptions in order to fight against stigma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Gervás
- PhDc, Pys, MSc, Department of Medicine. Psychiatry Area (University of Salamanca) Salamanca, Spain; Associate Investigator, IBSAL (Institute of Biomedicine of Salamanca) University Hospital of Salamanca; Salamanca, Spain
| | - Llanyra García-Ullán
- Professor, MD, PhD, Department of Medicine. Psychiatry Area (University of Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain. Psychiatrist of Psychiatry Service (Health Care Complex of Salamanca) Salamanca, Spain. Associate Investigator, IBSAL (Institute of Biomedicine of Salamanca), University Hospital of Salamanca; Salamanca, Spain
| | - Víctor Amor
- Professor, PhD, Department of Medicine. Statistics Area (University of Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Bullón
- Psychiatrist, MD, Psychiatry Service (Health Care Complex of Salamanca)Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Roncero
- Professor, MD, PhD, Department of Medicine. Psychiatry Area (University of Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain. Head of Psychiatry Service (University of Salamanca Health Care Complex)Salamanca, Spain. Principal Investigator, IBSAL (Institute of Biomedicine of Salamanca) University Hospital of Salamanca; Salamanca, Spain
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18
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Ciydem E, Avci D. Effects of the psychiatric nursing course on students' beliefs toward mental illness and psychiatric nursing perceptions in Turkey. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2022; 58:348-354. [PMID: 33834489 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of the psychiatric nursing course on students' beliefs toward mental illness and psychiatric nursing perceptions. DESIGN AND METHODS This experimental study was carried out with 80 students enrolled for the psychiatric nursing course. FINDINGS The mean score of the Beliefs toward Mental Illness Scale decreased, and the mean score of the Psychiatric Nursing Perception Scale increased after the course. The difference between the measurements was statistically significant (p < 0.05). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS This study shows that psychiatric nursing course is effective in decreasing students' negative beliefs toward mental illness and increasing positive psychiatric nursing perceptions. Students' attitudes about mental illness and psychiatric nursing should be determined from the very first year of their education, and their negative beliefs should be intervened with.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Ciydem
- Florence Nightingale Nursing Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Avci
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University, Balikesir, Turkey
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Bennett C. Improving mental health education in nursing school. Nursing 2021; 51:48-53. [PMID: 34463654 DOI: 10.1097/01.nurse.0000769868.09336.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Nurses are at the forefront of providing care to individuals with mental illness in various healthcare settings, yet the World Health Organization and others have found that many nurses are inadequately prepared to provide mental health care. This article discusses the nurse's role in providing care to individuals with mental illness and the importance of integrating more mental health education into undergraduate nursing curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Bennett
- Courtney Bennett is an adult psychiatric mental health NP and family medical NP at East Mississippi State Hospital in Meridian, Miss., and a clinical adjunct instructor at the University of West Alabama in Livingston, Ala
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Gu L, Xu D, Yu M. Mediating effects of stigma on the relationship between contact and willingness to care for people with mental illness among nursing students. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2021; 103:104973. [PMID: 34049122 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that contact positively impacts nursing students' willingness to care for people with mental illness. However, studies that have explored the mechanism of such a relationship between contact and willingness remain few. OBJECTIVES To examine the direct relationship between contact and nursing students' willingness to care for people with mental illness and to explore the potential mediating roles of stigma. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study design. SETTINGS The study was conducted in a nursing school in Nanjing city, China. PARTICIPANTS A total of 839 nursing students were recruited in the study through convenience sampling. METHODS Nursing students' stigma, contact, and willingness to care for people with mental illness were measured online through the Stigma toward People with Mental Illness Scale (SPMI), the Level of Contact Report, and one item of "which degree indicates your willingness to provide care for people with mental illness," respectively. The structural equation model was applied to explore the potential mediating roles of stigma. RESULTS Contact with people suffering from mental illness directly affected nursing students' willingness to care for them (β = 0.076, p < 0.05). Meanwhile, stigma partly mediated the effect of students' contact on willingness to care for people with mental illness (β = 0.048, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS High level of contact can improve nursing students' willingness to care and the relationship is partly mediated by stigma. Measures to improve the level of contact and reduce stigmatizing attitudes of nursing students are accordingly essential in influencing them to have more willingness to care for people with mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Gu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Deguo Xu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Mingming Yu
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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The Assessment of Attitudes of Medical Doctors towards Psychiatric Patients-A Cross-Sectional Online Survey in Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126419. [PMID: 34199325 PMCID: PMC8296253 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
(1) Introduction: Stigmatization is a multi-level process leading to depreciation of particular social groups. It is particularly visible among people suffering from mental illnesses. Patient stigmatization is a serious problem in psychiatric care; thus, a reliable assessment of its level is important in the context of effective medical interventions. The aim of this paper is to assess the level of stigmatization of psychiatric patients among doctors. (2) Methods: An online, quantitative, CAWI (Computer Assisted Web Interview) study was conducted in the form of an anonymous, voluntary survey addressed to doctors working in Poland. The questionnaire questions included a socio-geographic assessment and questions assessing the level of stigmatization. A standardized psychometric tool, the MICA-4 Scale for doctors, was also used. The results obtained were compared with the evaluation of the existing reports on stigmatization among Polish society. (3) Results: 501 doctors of various specialties and at various stages of career participated in the study. Most of the respondents were women (75%). The average score of MICA-4 obtained by the respondents was 40.26 (minimum 17; maximum 67; SD 8.93). The women’s score was lower than the men’s (p = 0.034). (4) Conclusions: Stigmatization of psychiatric patients is a common phenomenon among doctors. The type of performed work and career stage has an impact on the perception of psychiatric patients. Specialists scored highest in the MICA-4 Scale, similarly to physicians of surgical fields. Due to the prevalence of the phenomenon of stigmatization, especially among people who are meant to provide patients with help, there is an urgent need to implement anti-stigma programs.
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Günaydin N, Arguvanli Çoban S. Experiences of nursing students during clinical education in mental health clinics: A phenomenological qualitative study. Nurse Educ Pract 2021; 54:103113. [PMID: 34118777 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2021.103113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Nursing students have both positive and negative experiences during clinical education. This study was conducted to identify experiences of nursing students during clinical education in mental health clinics. DESIGN This phenomenological qualitative design study was conducted with 4th year undergraduate nursing students from a university in Turkey to identify their experiences specifically in mental health clinics. METHODS The data were collected using focus groups interviews with 40 nursing students and assessed with the 7-stage phenomenological analysis method described by Colaizzi. RESULTS Three main themes were determined: (i) the need for supportive interventions to cope with negative emotions; (ii) difficulty in translating theoretical knowledge into practice; and (iii) the lack of role model nurses and teaching staff. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that supportive interventions should be given to nursing students before clinical education. Also, the duration of clinical education, the teaching methods to be used and role model nurses and teaching staff effectiveness in clinical education should be planned carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Günaydin
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Health Sciences Faculty, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey.
| | - Sibel Arguvanli Çoban
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Health Sciences Faculty, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Kozlu, Zonguldak, Turkey.
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Minty Y, Moosa MY, Jeenah FY. Mental illness attitudes and knowledge in non-specialist medical doctors working in state and private sectors. S Afr J Psychiatr 2021; 27:1592. [PMID: 34192080 PMCID: PMC8182464 DOI: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v27i0.1592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing number of South Africans utilise primary healthcare services (either in the state or private sector) for mental health concerns; hence, there is a need to objectively assess these doctors' attitudes and knowledge of mental illness. AIM To investigate aspects of knowledge and attitudes towards mental illness of a group of private and state-employed non-specialist medical doctors. METHOD Doctors in the state sector who were working at a primary healthcare level and who were not working towards, or did not hold, a specialist qualification were considered eligible for the study. Doctors in the private sector who were working as general practitioners and who did not hold a specialist qualification were considered eligible for the study. Data were collected by means of a self-administered questionnaire. A link to the study questionnaire, information about the study, details of the researcher and matters pertaining to informed consent were emailed to potential participants. RESULTS Of the 140 practitioners who responded to the survey, 51.4% (n = 72) worked in the state sector, 41.4% (n = 58) worked in the private sector and 7.1% (n = 10) worked in both the state and private sectors (χ2 1 = 45.31, p < 0.010). The majority (> 50%) of participants in all three groups had a positive attitude towards mental illness (χ2 2 = 1.52, p = 0.468). Although there were no significant associations between attitude and socio-demographic characteristics (p > 0.05), male SS doctors reported feeling less comfortable when dealing with mentally ill patients (p = 0.015); SS doctors who did not have family contact with mental illness were less likely to feel that mentally ill patients did not pose a risk to others (p = 0.007), and PS doctors under the age of 35 years were more likely to feel adequately trained to treat mental illness (p = 0.026). The majority (> 50%) of participants in all three groups had an adequate level of knowledge of mental illness (modal scores = 10). There were no significant associations between knowledge and socio-demographic characteristics (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Despite the findings of a positive attitude and adequate knowledge of mental illness amongst the participants of this study, it is recommended that more targeted interventions are established to further improve mental health awareness and knowledge of doctors at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumna Minty
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mahomed Y.H. Moosa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Fatima Y. Jeenah
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Al-Natour A, Abuhammad S, Al-Modallal H. Religiosity and stigma toward patients with mental illness among undergraduate university students. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06565. [PMID: 33842707 PMCID: PMC8020419 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a dearth of research that investigates the relationship between religiosity and stigma of mental illnesses by the context of Jordanian culture. So, this study aimed to describe the relationship between religiosity and stigma against mental illnesses as described by undergraduate university students in Jordan. This study design was descriptive correlations study among 338 University Students, undergraduate students in Jordan. The findings indicate there is a significant correlation (r = - 0.154, p < 0.05) between stigma toward patient with mental illnesses and religiosity. The higher religiosity score is associated with more negativity toward stigma of patient with mental illnesses. Also, the findings indicated there was a significant difference between medical and non-medical student's specialty area and stigma toward patients with mental illnesses (t = 111.14, p = 0.01). Non-medical students reported more stigma for patients with mental illnesses. Stigma against patient with mental illnesses should be addressed at different levels. Cultural competency curriculum should be established for medical and non-medical students to assure more acceptance attitudes and avoidance of stigma against patients with mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam Al-Natour
- College of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Sawsan Abuhammad
- College of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Hanan Al-Modallal
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
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Alaqeel M, Moukaddem A, Alzighaibi R, Alharbi A, Alshehry M, Alsadun D. The level of the stigma of medical students at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, towards mentally ill patients. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 9:5665-5670. [PMID: 33532411 PMCID: PMC7842465 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1099_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The study aimed to measure the level of the stigma of medical students at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh campus, towards mentally ill patients. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh. The data collection was started in July 2017 till March 2018. The students completed a self-administered questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic data and the Community Attitudes toward the Mentally Ill (CAMI) Scale. Results: The sample size was realized as 274 participants. There were no significant differences in all CAMI subscales for the different academic years except for Authoritarianism which showed a significant increase in the level of stigma (P-value = 0.04). Male gender, previous psychiatric treatment, and having a relative with psychiatric illness were associated with higher Authoritarianism and Social Restrictiveness scores and lower Benevolence and CMHI scores. Discussion: More stigma was observed among the 4th year students and it might be due to insufficient academic preparation as well as more exposure to psychiatric rotations. Conclusion: The results support the importance of implementing anti-stigma programs throughout the medical program to improve the healthcare provided to mentally ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meshal Alaqeel
- Department of Psychiatry, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf Moukaddem
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reema Alzighaibi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahoud Alharbi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manar Alshehry
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Danah Alsadun
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Bujold A, Pariseau-Legault P, de Montigny F. [The unpopularity of mental health/psychiatry care settings among nursing students: A systematic review]. Rech Soins Infirm 2020; 141:17-37. [PMID: 32988187 DOI: 10.3917/rsi.141.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
In every population and country around the world, mental health needs are great and are on the rise. Through their training and their vast field of expertise, nurses are an important lever for addressing the issue of accessibility in these care settings. While the increase in the number of new nursing graduates should have helped this issue, recent data show a sharp increase in the shortage of nurses in these care settings. This systematic review (n=40) using the CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycArticles, and Scopus databases aims to explore why psychiatric and mental health care settings are unpopular with the next generation of nurses. Guided by Parse's theory, this review identifies three major themes : (1) nursing students' perspectives on mental health issues, (2) the influences of educational interventions on these perspectives, and (3) the factors facilitating and constraining a career in these care settings for new nursing graduates. These results enable a better understanding of what can affect the recruitment of new graduate nurses in mental health/psychiatry, while proposing various levers of intervention to specifically address this issue.
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Őri D, Rózsa S, Szocsics P, Simon L, Purebl G, Győrffy Z. Factor structure of The Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers and psychometric properties of its Hungarian version. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:504. [PMID: 33046048 PMCID: PMC7552521 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02902-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Health Care Providers (OMS-HC) is a widely used questionnaire to measure the stigmatising attitudes of healthcare providers towards patients with mental health problems. The psychometric properties of the scale; however, have never been investigated in Hungary. We aimed to thoroughly explore the factor structure of the OMS-HC and examine the key psychometric properties of the Hungarian version. METHODS The OMS-HC is a self-report questionnaire that measures the overall stigmatising attitude by a total score, and three subscales can be calculated: Attitude, Disclosure and Help-seeking, and Social Distance. Our study population included specialists and trainees in adult and child psychiatry (n = 211). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed, and higher-order factors were tested. We calculated the test-retest reliability on a subgroup of our sample (n = 31) with a follow-up period of 1 month. The concurrent validity of the scale was measured with the Mental Illness: Clinician's Attitudes-4 scale (MICA-4). RESULTS Three factors were extracted based on a parallel-analysis. A bifactor solution (a general factor and three specific factors) showed an excellent model-fit (root mean square error of approximation = 0.025, comparative fit index = 0.961, and Tucker-Lewis index = 0.944). The model-based reliability was low; however, the general factor showed acceptable reliability (coefficient omega hierarchical = 0.56). The scale demonstrated a good concurrent validity with the MICA-4 [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.77]. The test-retest reliability was excellent for the general factor (ICC = 0.95) and good for the specific factors (ICC = 0.90, 0.88, and 0.84, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The three dimensions of the OMS-HC was confirmed, and the scale was found to be an adequate measure of the stigmatising attitude in Hungary. The bifactor model is more favourable as compared to the three correlated factor model; however, despite the excellent internal structure, its model-based reliability was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorottya Őri
- Vadaskert Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Rózsa
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | | | - Lajos Simon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Purebl
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Győrffy
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary.
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Bulfone G, Maurici M, Vellone E, Macale L, Alvaro R. Health habits of nursing students: A longitudinal study of health perceptions and health habits. J Clin Nurs 2020; 29:4349-4357. [PMID: 32869382 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To examine nursing students' health habits. More specifically, the objectives were to determine whether there were any changes in their health habits during their course of study, and to understand whether the students' perceptions about good health conditions cohered with their health-related behaviour. BACKGROUND The transition from high school to university has an undesirable effect on students' health habits, and nursing students' unhealthy behaviours may prevent them from helping patients improve their poor health habits. DESIGN A longitudinal design was used. The study followed the recommendations of STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology). METHODS All students were recruited from a nursing science degree course in an Italian university. The sample consisted of 351 nursing students. Data were collected at the baseline during their entrance into the university (T0) and at the end of their third year of coursework (T3). We developed the Nursing Student Health Habits Scale, which was administered by a trained researcher. The McNemar test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test to evaluate the differences in health habits between T0 and T3, and a logistics model to assess the factors influencing students' good health perceptions were used. RESULTS From T0 to T3, there were decreases in the number of students who requested physician consultations (p = .01) and increases in those who exercised daily (p = .003). There was also a change in the nutrition model (p = .018). In the multivariate model, physician consultations for medical problems and performing physical exercise were factors influencing good health perceptions. CONCLUSIONS Future research is needed to illuminate other aspects of students' health habits. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Universities are advised to address these problems by reflecting on undergraduate and postgraduate curriculum content concerning health management and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampiera Bulfone
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Maurici
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ercole Vellone
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Loreana Macale
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Alvaro
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Ma HI, Hsieh CE. An Anti-Stigma Course for Occupational Therapy Students in Taiwan: Development and Pilot Testing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155599. [PMID: 32756448 PMCID: PMC7432861 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Attitudes of healthcare professionals towards people with disorders/disabilities are important for the development of therapeutic relationships, as well as to the evaluation and intervention processes. Therefore, it is critical to be aware and reduce stigmatizing attitudes in future healthcare professionals. An 18-week anti-stigma course was developed for occupational therapy students based on literature review and focus group interview. The course consisted of three components, including social contact, roleplaying, and critical reflection strategies. A quasi-experimental design was implemented to evaluate participants at three time points (i.e., pre-test, post-test, and one year after completion) using the Social Distance Scale and several questionnaires (i.e., stigmatising attitudes towards mental illness, physical disabilities, and children with emotional behavioural disorders). A total of 16 students completed the course and had significantly decreased social distance and stigmatising attitudes towards mental illness and emotional behavioural disorders in the post-test. These decreases remained one year later. The results support the provision of an anti-stigma course for occupational therapy students to reduce stigmatising attitudes. Future research should extend the anti-stigma course to occupational therapy students at other universities to increase both the sample size and overall generalisability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ing Ma
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 700, Taiwan;
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 700, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-6235-3535
| | - Chu-En Hsieh
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 700, Taiwan;
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30
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Evaluation of mental health stigma on medical education: an observational study with Portuguese medical students. Porto Biomed J 2020; 5:e074. [PMID: 32734014 PMCID: PMC7386544 DOI: 10.1097/j.pbj.0000000000000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Portuguese mental health care plan emphasizes that health care professionals can be a source of stigma against people with mental illness enhancing self-stigma and leading to a decrease in the search for help and adherence to treatment. Methods In this exploratory study, we surveyed 111 first and last year students from the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Portugal, using the Portuguese version of the Attribution Questionnaire AQ-27 to assess the attitudes toward mental illness. Results The students showed a significant difference in the segregation dimension, and in some items related with pity and coercion in the end of the course. These results express a positive will to integrate people with mental illness in community, a decrease of pity and a valorization of the pharmacological treatment in this kind of disease. The previous personal experience of psychiatric problems decreases the level of segregation and psychological problems increase the motivation to help. Conclusion Final-year students express more positive and less discriminatory attitudes toward people with severe mental illness than first-year students. This is likely due to education and contact opportunities promoted throughout the medical school, as well as due to the experience of having gone to a psychology or psychiatric consultation. Knowledge of stigma levels of future medical doctors is therefore crucial for the prevention of attitudes that could condition the provision of medical care.
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31
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Blanc JV, Mouchabac S, Nuss P, Malandain L, Lapidus N, Ferreri F. The effects of education in psychiatry on attitudes towards antidepressants in nursing students: A cross-sectional study. Nurse Educ Pract 2020; 45:102781. [PMID: 32330849 DOI: 10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stigma associated with depression and antidepressants is strong among the general population but also among patients and health professionals. OBJECTIVES This cross-sectional study is aimed at: 1) evaluating the knowledge and attitude towards antidepressant by nursing student; 2) exploring the association between instruction in psychiatry and representation of depression and antidepressants. PARTICIPANTS 2037 undergraduate students from 10 French nursing schools were invited to participate in 2017, 1475 (73%) completed the questionnaire. METHODS The self-report questionnaire included the Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI) and questions about representation on depression and antidepressant. Four groups of students were built: 1) pre-teaching group (PT) as a reference group, 2) clinical training in psychiatry (CT), 3) receiving mental health theoretical education (TE), 4) receiving both (CT + TE). RESULTS The mean (standard deviation) DAI score was negative: -1.9 (±4.4) with only 40% of the nursing students conveying a positive attitude towards antidepressant. A combination of CT and TE was associated with a more positive attitude towards antidepressant in comparison with the PT condition. The CT + TE group was more prone to view antidepressants as effective and safe. CONCLUSION There is strong stigma against depression/antidepressants among nursing student. Education combined with clinical experiences in psychiatry improved these representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-V Blanc
- Sorbonne University, APHP, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology Department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, F-75012, Paris, France.
| | - S Mouchabac
- Sorbonne University, APHP, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology Department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - P Nuss
- Sorbonne University, APHP, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology Department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, F-75012, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, INSERM, APHP, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), Paris, France
| | - L Malandain
- Sorbonne University, APHP, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology Department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - N Lapidus
- Public Health Department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - F Ferreri
- Sorbonne University, APHP, Psychiatry and Medical Psychology Department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, F-75012, Paris, France; Sorbonne University Nurse Department, Pitié Salpêtrière AP-HP, F-75013, Paris, France
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32
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Lim HJ, Moxham L, Patterson C, Perlman D, Lopez V, Goh YS. Students' mental health clinical placements, clinical confidence and stigma surrounding mental illness: A correlational study. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2020; 84:104219. [PMID: 31731222 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2019.104219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Theory and clinical practicum in mental health are an important component for students in most nursing curriculum. Some studies have shown that knowledge and confidence in caring for people with mental illness improve after mental health clinical placements while others had contrasting results. Our study examined the relationship between clinical placement, confidence and stigma surrounding mental illness. We undertook a cross-sectional, descriptive correlational study in a sample of 144 undergraduate nursing students in Singapore who had completed their theoretical and clinical practicum in mental health using the Clinical Placement Survey Clinical Confidence Scale and Social Distance Scale. Descriptive, correlations and multiple regression were used to analyse the data. The results showed the mean scores for the social distance scale, clinical confidence scale and clinical placement survey were 19.92 out of 35, 49.29 out of 80 and 103.43 out of 154 respectively. Attitudes toward clinical placement experiences were significantly correlated with both stigmatising attitudes and clinical confidence of which, intentions of working in mental health settings were specifically significantly associated with stigmatising attitudes and attitudes toward clinical placement experiences, with emphasis on greater sense of preparedness, lesser perceived anxiety and greater preference for a future career in mental health nursing. This study highlighted the need to improve current mental health clinical placements to better build nursing students' confidence in caring for mentally ill patients. The interest toward specialising in mental health nursing is still lacking in nursing undergraduate students despite mental health clinical placements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jing Lim
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Lorna Moxham
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, Wollongong University, Northfields Ave, Gwynneville, NSW 2500, Australia.
| | - Christopher Patterson
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, Wollongong University, Northfields Ave, Gwynneville, NSW 2500, Australia.
| | - Dana Perlman
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Wollongong University, Northfields Ave, Gwynneville, NSW 2500, Australia.
| | - Violeta Lopez
- College of Nursing, Hubei University of Medicine, China.
| | - Yong Shian Goh
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Al Saif F, Al Shakhoori H, Nooh S, Jahrami H. Association between attitudes of stigma toward mental illness and attitudes toward adoption of evidence-based practice within health care providers in Bahrain. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225738. [PMID: 31790468 PMCID: PMC6886841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The health care system is one of the key areas where people with mental illnesses could experience stigma. Clinicians can hold stigma attitudes during their interactions with patients with mental illness. To improve the quality of mental health services and primary care, evidence-based practices should be disseminated and implemented. In this study, we evaluated the attitudes of health care providers in Bahrain toward people with mental illness and adoption of evidence-based practice using the Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Healthcare Providers (OMS-HC) and Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale (EBPAS). We conducted a cross-sectional study across 12 primary health care centers and a psychiatric hospital (the country's main mental health care facility). A self-report questionnaire was distributed among all health care providers. A total of 547 health care providers participated, with 274 from mental health services and 273 from primary care services. Results of the OMS-HC indicated differences between both main groups and subgroups. Regression model analysis reported significant outcomes. There was no statistical difference found between both groups in EBPAS scores. A weak but statistically significant negative association was reported between both scales. Participants showed varying stigma attitudes across different working environments, with less stigma shown in mental health services than in primary care services. Providers who were more open to adopting evidence-based practices showed less stigma toward people with mental illness. Comparing our findings with previous research showed that health care providers in Bahrain hold more stigma attitudes than other groups studied. We hope that this study serves as an initial step toward future campaigns against the stigma of mental illness in Bahrain and across the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feras Al Saif
- Psychiatric Hospital, Ministry of Health, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | | | - Suad Nooh
- Psychiatric Hospital, Ministry of Health, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Haitham Jahrami
- Psychiatric Hospital, Ministry of Health, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
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34
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Fino E, Agostini A, Mazzetti M, Colonnello V, Caponera E, Russo PM. There Is a Limit to Your Openness: Mental Illness Stigma Mediates Effects of Individual Traits on Preference for Psychiatry Specialty. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:775. [PMID: 31736797 PMCID: PMC6833974 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The widening gap between the need for mental health professionals and the low percentages of medical students pursuing a psychiatric career urges an examination of how individual traits, stigma attitudes, and related intended behaviors interact to better explain the variance in preferences for psychiatry as a specialty choice. Methods: Participants were second-year, preclinical medical students at Bologna University, Italy. The study consisted in completion of an online questionnaire evaluating preferences for the psychiatry specialty (one single item and a scenario-based response), personality traits (the Big Five Questionnaire), attitudes (Mental Illness for Clinicians' Attitude scale), behaviors (Reported and Intended Behavior Scale), and fears toward mental illness (questionnaire created ad hoc). Sociodemographic data were also collected. Results: A total of 284 medical students [58.8% female, mean (SD) age 20.47 ± 1.90] completed the questionnaire. Preference for the psychiatry specialty was significantly and positively associated with openness to experience and negatively related with Mental Illness for Clinicians' Attitude scale and Reported and Intended Behavior Scale. The full-mediation model provided good indices explaining 18% of the variance. Mental illness stigma was strongly and negatively associated with both openness to experience and preference for psychiatry, and the mediation results evidenced a positive and significant effect. Conclusions: Mental illness stigma influences medical students' choice of psychiatry as a specialty, accounting for the effects of the openness to experience trait. Stigma awareness and reduction programs should be introduced as early as possible in medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edita Fino
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Agostini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Mazzetti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Colonnello
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Caponera
- National Institute for the Educational Evaluation of Instruction and Training (INVALSI), Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Maria Russo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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35
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Happell B, Platania-Phung C, Scholz B, Bocking J, Horgan A, Manning F, Doody R, Hals E, Granerud A, Jan van der Vaart K, Allon J, Lahti M, Pulli J, Vatula A, Ellilä H, Griffin M, Russell S, MacGabhann L, Bjornsson E, Biering P. Assessment of the Opening Minds Scale for use with nursing students. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2019; 55:661-666. [PMID: 31169305 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluate the validity of the Opening Minds Scale (OMS) for nursing students via Rasch models and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). DESIGN AND METHODS Undergraduate nursing student responses to OMS (n = 423). Validity was evaluated via CFA and Rasch analysis. FINDINGS CFA results were strongest for a three-factor 13-item version of OMS. Rasch modeling supported sound properties for two of three scales. Internal reliabilities ranged between 0.6 and 0.7. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS OMS has potential as a valid measure for stigma research and antistigma program evaluation. Rasch analysis suggest it is inappropriate to use a total OMS score for nursing student populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Happell
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chris Platania-Phung
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brett Scholz
- ANU Medical School, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Woden, Canberra, Australia
| | - Julia Bocking
- School of Health Sciences, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Aine Horgan
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala Manning
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Rory Doody
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elisabeth Hals
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hedmark, Norway
| | - Arild Granerud
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hedmark, Norway
| | | | - Jerry Allon
- Institute for Nursing Studies, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mari Lahti
- Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland.,Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, Turku University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Pulli
- Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland.,Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, Turku University, Turku, Finland
| | - Annaliina Vatula
- Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland.,Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, Turku University, Turku, Finland
| | - Heikki Ellilä
- Turku University of Applied Sciences, Turku, Finland.,Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, Turku University, Turku, Finland
| | - Martha Griffin
- School of Nursing & Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhan Russell
- School of Nursing & Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Liam MacGabhann
- School of Nursing & Human Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Einar Bjornsson
- Department of Nursing, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Pall Biering
- Department of Nursing, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Sapag JC, Klabunde R, Villarroel L, Velasco PR, Álvarez C, Parra C, Bobbili SJ, Mascayano F, Bustamante I, Alvarado R, Corrigan P. Validation of the Opening Minds Scale and patterns of stigma in Chilean primary health care. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221825. [PMID: 31487333 PMCID: PMC6728029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stigma toward people with mental health problems (MHP) in primary health care (PHC) settings is an important public health challenge. Research on stigma toward MHP is relatively scarce in Chile and Latin America, as are instruments to measure stigma that are validated for use there. The present study aims to validate the Opening Minds Scale for Health Care Professionals (OMS-HC) among staff and providers in public Chilean PHC clinics, and examine differences in stigma by sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS 803 participants from 34 PHC clinics answered a self-administered questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis was completed. Average 15-item OMS-HC scores were calculated, and means were compared via t-test or ANOVA to identify group differences. Correlations of OMS-HC scores with other commonly used stigma scores were calculated to evaluate construct validity. RESULTS The 3-factor OMS-HC structure was confirmed in this population. The average OMS-HC (α = 0.69) score was 34.55 (theoretical range 15-75). Significantly lower (less stigmatizing) mean OMS-HC scores were found in those with additional training and/or personal experience with MHP. CONCLUSION The validated, Spanish version of OMS-HC can be of use to further research stigma toward MHP in Chile and Latin America, advancing awareness and inspiring interventions to reduce stigma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime C. Sapag
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Division of Clinical Public Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- WHO/PAHO Collaborating Centre, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Klabunde
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Villarroel
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola R. Velasco
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cinthia Álvarez
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Parra
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sireesha J. Bobbili
- WHO/PAHO Collaborating Centre, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Ontario, Canada
| | - Franco Mascayano
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York City, New York, United States of America
- Division of Behavioral Health Services and Policy Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Inés Bustamante
- Faculty of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Rubén Alvarado
- Mental Health Program, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidad O’Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
| | - Patrick Corrigan
- Department of Psychology, Lewis College of Human Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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Investigation into attitudes toward epilepsy among non-/neurological doctors and nurses in southern China. Epilepsy Res 2019; 154:79-85. [PMID: 31108455 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess attitudes concerning epilepsy among non-/neurological medical personnel from basic-level hospitals in southern China and identify significant predictive factors for future stigma reduction interventions. METHOD The Chinese Public Attitudes Toward Epilepsy (CPATE) scale was administered to 184 neurological and 264 non-neurological medical staff members from basic-level hospitals in southern China. Positively stated items in the PATE scale were reversely scored; in this case, a higher score would indicate a more negative attitude. RESULTS The mean score of each item among the neurological group was statistically lower than that of the non-neurological group. The mean scores in both the general and personal domains of the CPATE scale were significantly lower among the doctors as compared to nurses. CONCLUSIONS This was the first study to evaluate the attitudes toward epilepsy among medical personnel with different characteristics in basic-level hospitals in China. Health education can be a new model for stigma-reducing public interventions in China. Future strategies should first focus on improving access to correct knowledge about epilepsy among non-neurological medical staffs. This would be a vital breakthrough point to improve attitudes toward epilepsy in the whole society to help ease the disease burden on people with epilepsy, their families and the community in the years to come.
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Soh KC, Lim WS, Cheang KM, Chan KL. Stigma towards alcohol use disorder: Comparing healthcare workers with the general population. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2019; 58:39-44. [PMID: 30878697 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keng Chuan Soh
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore.
| | - Wei Shyan Lim
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Ka Man Cheang
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Keen Loong Chan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
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Yuan Q, Seow E, Abdin E, Chua BY, Ong HL, Samari E, Chong SA, Subramaniam M. Direct and moderating effects of personality on stigma towards mental illness. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:358. [PMID: 30400846 PMCID: PMC6219152 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1932-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While many studies have explored the concept and correlates of stigma towards individuals with mental illness, few have investigated the role of personality in this process. In the current study, we firstly examined the relationship between personality and stigma towards mental illness; and then explored the moderating effects of personality traits on the relationship between contact experience/s and stigma. METHODS Participants were recruited from public medical (N = 502) and nursing schools (N = 500) from April to September 2016 in Singapore for this cross-sectional survey, and they were randomly assigned to a vignette describing one of the following mental disorders: major depressive disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, alcohol abuse, schizophrenia, and dementia. Stigma was measured by the 'Personal and Perceived scales of the Depression Stigma Scale' and the 'Social Distance Scale'. These scales together had a 3-factor structure based on a previous national study in Singapore, namely 'weak-not-sick', 'dangerous/unpredictable' and 'social distance'. Personality was measured by the 20-item short form of the International Personality Item Pool-five factor model measure. RESULTS Regression suggested agreeableness and openness to experience were negatively associated with all three domains of stigma. 'Weak-not-sick' and extraversion were positively associated; and 'social distance' was positively associated with higher scores on conscientiousness and neuroticism. Both close- and non-close contact were associated with more positive attitudes towards mental illness among the participants. Openness to experience moderated the relationships of close contact experience with 'weak-not-sick' and 'dangerous/unpredictable', but in different directions. The association between close contact and 'social distance' were moderated by agreeableness. CONCLUSIONS Unlike non-close contact experience, close contact with people with mental illness worked differently on stigma for individuals with different personality traits. Future studies are needed to further explore the underlying mechanisms for such differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yuan
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Esmond Seow
- 0000 0004 0469 9592grid.414752.1Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edimansyah Abdin
- 0000 0004 0469 9592grid.414752.1Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Yiang Chua
- 0000 0004 0469 9592grid.414752.1Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Lin Ong
- 0000 0004 0469 9592grid.414752.1Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ellaisha Samari
- 0000 0004 0469 9592grid.414752.1Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- 0000 0004 0469 9592grid.414752.1Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mythily Subramaniam
- 0000 0004 0469 9592grid.414752.1Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
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