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Ramamurthy D, Srinivasan S, Chamarty S, Velappan T, Verkicharla PK, Samuel Paulraj AK. Smart Devices in Optometry: Current and Future Perspectives to Clinical Optometry. CLINICAL OPTOMETRY 2024; 16:169-190. [PMID: 39100732 PMCID: PMC11296370 DOI: 10.2147/opto.s447554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
There is a huge unmet need for eye care with more than a hundred million people living without basic eye care services and facilities. There is an exigency to deploy adequate resources in terms of manpower and equipment to address this. The usage of smart devices in optometry and eye care practice has been gaining momentum for last half a decade, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and technological advancements in telemedicine. These smart devices will help facilitate remote monitoring of important visual functions, ocular signs and symptoms, thus providing better eye care services and facilities and promoting outreach services. Smart devices in optometry exist in the form of gadgets that can be worn in the wrist, and spectacle-mounted or head-mounted devices. On the other hand, with the ubiquitous nature of smartphones, a large number of smartphone applications have been developed and tested for advanced optometry and primary eye care practice, which may potentially reduce the burden of inadequate resources and the unmet need for eye care. This article aims to give an overview of the current trends and future perspectives on the application of such smart devices in optometric practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharani Ramamurthy
- Department of Optometry, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | | | - Sruthi Chamarty
- Myopia Research Lab, Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Prof Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India
| | - Tharaniy Velappan
- Department of Optometry, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Verkicharla
- Myopia Research Lab, Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Prof Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India
| | - Angeline Kirubha Samuel Paulraj
- Department. of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering & Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
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Chan VF, Wright DM, Mavi S, Dabideen R, Smith M, Sherif A, Congdon N. Modelling ready-made spectacle coverage for children and adults using a large global database. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:1793-1797. [PMID: 36316099 PMCID: PMC10715461 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2022-321737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To model the suitability of conventional ready-made spectacles (RMS) and interchangeable-lens ready-made spectacles (IRMS) with reference to prescribing guidelines among children and adults using a large, global database and to introduce a web-based application for exploring the database with user-defined eligibility criteria. METHODS Using refractive power and interpupillary distance data for near and distance spectacles prescribed to children and adults during OneSight clinics in 27 countries, from 2 January 2016 to 19 November 2019, we modelled the expected suitability of RMS and IRMS spectacle designs, compared with custom-made spectacles, according to published prescribing guidelines. RESULTS Records of 18 782 presbyopic adult prescriptions, 70 619 distance adult prescriptions and 40 862 paediatric prescriptions were included. Globally, 58.7%-63.9% of adults could be corrected at distance with RMS, depending on the prescribing cut-off. For presbyopic adult prescriptions, coverage was 44.1%-60.9%. Among children, 51.8% were eligible for conventional RMS. Coverage for all groups was similar to the above for IRMS. The most common reason for ineligibility for RMS in all service groups was astigmatism, responsible for 27.2% of all ineligible adult distance prescriptions using the strictest cut-off, 31.4% of children's prescriptions and 28.0% of all adults near prescriptions globally. CONCLUSION Despite their advantages in cost and convenience, coverage delivered by RMS is limited under current prescribing guidelines, particularly for children and presbyopic adults. Interchangeable designs do little to remediate this, despite extending coverage for anisometropia. Our free application allows users to estimate RMS coverage in specific target populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ving Fai Chan
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - David M Wright
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Sonia Mavi
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Mike Smith
- Onesight Research Foundation, Mason, Ohio, USA
| | - Alan Sherif
- University of Lausanne Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathan Congdon
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- ORBIS International, New York, New York, USA
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[Position paper and recommendations for action for ecologically sustainable ophthalmology : Statement of the German Society of Ophthalmology (DOG) and the German Professional Association of Ophthalmologists (BVA)]. DIE OPHTHALMOLOGIE 2023; 120:52-68. [PMID: 36625883 PMCID: PMC9838365 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-022-01792-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
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Lee L, Moo E, Angelopoulos T, Yashadhana A. Integrated people-centered eye care: A scoping review on engaging communities in eye care in low- and middle-income settings. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278969. [PMID: 36656849 PMCID: PMC9851534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community engagement has been endorsed as a key strategy to achieving integrated people-centered eye care that enables people and communities to receive a full spectrum of eye care across their life-course. Understanding the ways communities are engaged in eye care, to what degree participation is achieved, and the factors associated with intervention implementation is currently limited. OBJECTIVE The scoping review aimed to assess how community engagement is approached and implemented in eye care interventions in low- and middle-income countries, and to identify the barriers and facilitators associated with intervention implementation. METHODS Searches were conducted across five databases for peer-reviewed research on eye care interventions engaging communities published in the last ten years (January 2011 to September 2021). Studies were screened, reviewed and appraised according to Cochrane Rapid Reviews methodology. A hybrid deductive-inductive iterative analysis approach was used. RESULTS Of 4315 potential studies screened, 73 were included in the review. Studies were conducted across 28 countries and 55 targeted populations across more than one life-course stage. A variety of community actors were engaged in implementation, in four main domains of eye care: health promotion and education; drug and supplement distribution and immunization campaigns; surveillance, screening and detection activities; and referral and pathway navigation. With the approaches and level of participation, the majority of studies were community-based and at best, involved communities, respectively. Involving community actors alone does not guarantee community trust and therefore can impact eye care uptake. Community actors can be integrated into eye care programs, although with varying success. Using volunteers highlighted sustainability issues with maintaining motivation and involvement when resources are limited. CONCLUSION This scoping review provides researchers and policy makers contextual evidence on the breadth of eye care interventions and the factors to be considered when engaging and empowering communities in integrated people-centered eye care programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lee
- International Programs Division, The Fred Hollows Foundation Australia, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Elise Moo
- International Programs Division, The Fred Hollows Foundation Australia, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tiffany Angelopoulos
- International Programs Division, The Fred Hollows Foundation Australia, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aryati Yashadhana
- International Programs Division, The Fred Hollows Foundation Australia, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Population Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Potential Properties of Natural Nutraceuticals and Antioxidants in Age-Related Eye Disorders. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010077. [PMID: 36676026 PMCID: PMC9863869 DOI: 10.3390/life13010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Eye health is crucial, and the onset of diseases can reduce vision and affect the quality of life of patients. The main causes of progressive and irreversible vision loss include various pathologies, such as cataracts, ocular atrophy, corneal opacity, age-related macular degeneration, uncorrected refractive error, posterior capsular opacification, uveitis, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, undetermined disease and other disorders involving oxidative stress and inflammation. The eyes are constantly exposed to the external environment and, for this reason, must be protected from damage from the outside. Many drugs, including cortisonics and antinflammatory drugs have widely been used to counteract eye disorders. However, recent advances have been obtained via supplementation with natural antioxidants and nutraceuticals for patients. In particular, evidence has accumulated that polyphenols (mostly deriving from Citrus Bergamia) represent a reliable source of antioxidants able to counteract oxidative stress accompanying early stages of eye diseases. Luteolin in particular has been found to protect photoreceptors, thereby improving vision in many disease states. Moreover, a consistent anti-inflammatory response was found to occur when curcumin is used alone or in combination with other nutraceuticals. Additionally, Coenzyme Q10 has been demonstrated to produce a consistent effect in reducing ocular pressure, thereby leading to protection in patients undergoing glaucoma. Finally, both grape seed extract, rich in anthocyanosides, and polynsatured fatty acids seem to contribute to the prevention of retinal disorders. Thus, a combination of nutraceuticals and antioxidants may represent the right solution for a multi-action activity in eye protection, in association with current drug therapies, and this will be of potential interest in early stages of eye disorders.
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McCormick I, Mactaggart I, Resnikoff S, Muirhead D, Murthy GV, Silva JC, Bastawrous A, Stern J, Blanchet K, Wang N, Yusufu M, Cooper A, Gichangi M, Burton MJ, Ramke J. Eye health indicators for universal health coverage: results of a global expert prioritisation process. Br J Ophthalmol 2022; 106:893-901. [PMID: 33712481 PMCID: PMC9234411 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-318481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In its recent World Report on Vision, the WHO called for an updated approach to monitor eye health as part of universal health coverage (UHC). This project sought to develop a consensus among eye health experts from all world regions to produce a menu of indicators for countries to monitor eye health within UHC. METHODS We reviewed the literature to create a long-list of indicators aligned to the conceptual framework for monitoring outlined in WHO's World Report on Vision. We recruited a panel of 72 global eye health experts (40% women) to participate in a two-round, online prioritisation exercise. Two-hundred indicators were presented in Round 1 and participants prioritised each on a 4-point Likert scale. The highest-ranked 95 were presented in Round 2 and were (1) scored against four criteria (feasible, actionable, reliable and internationally comparable) and (2) ranked according to their suitability as a 'core' indicator for collection by all countries. The top 30 indicators ranked by these two parameters were then used as the basis for the steering group to develop a final menu. RESULTS The menu consists of 22 indicators, including 7 core indicators, that represent important concepts in eye health for 2020 and beyond, and are considered feasible, actionable, reliable and internationally comparable. CONCLUSION We believe this list can inform the development of new national eye health monitoring frameworks, monitor progress on key challenges to eye health and be considered in broader UHC monitoring indices at national and international levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian McCormick
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Islay Mactaggart
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Serge Resnikoff
- Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Debbie Muirhead
- The Fred Hollows Foundation Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - G V Murthy
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Indian Institutes of Public Health, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Andrew Bastawrous
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jude Stern
- International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness, London, UK
| | - Karl Blanchet
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mayinuer Yusufu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Michael Gichangi
- Ophthalmic Services Unit, Kenya Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Matthew J Burton
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jacqueline Ramke
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Sawers N, Bolster N, Bastawrous A. The Contribution of Artificial Intelligence in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): What Can Eye Health Can Learn From Commercial Industry and Early Lessons From the Application of Machine Learning in Eye Health Programmes. Front Public Health 2021; 9:752049. [PMID: 35004574 PMCID: PMC8727468 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.752049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving The United Nations sustainable developments goals by 2030 will be a challenge. Researchers around the world are working toward this aim across the breadth of healthcare. Technology, and more especially artificial intelligence, has the ability to propel us forwards and support these goals but requires careful application. Artificial intelligence shows promise within healthcare and there has been fast development in ophthalmology, cardiology, diabetes, and oncology. Healthcare is starting to learn from commercial industry leaders who utilize fast and continuous testing algorithms to gain efficiency and find the optimum solutions. This article provides examples of how commercial industry is benefitting from utilizing AI and improving service delivery. The article then provides a specific example in eye health on how machine learning algorithms can be purposed to drive service delivery in a resource-limited setting by utilizing the novel study designs in response adaptive randomization. We then aim to provide six key considerations for researchers who wish to begin working with AI technology which include collaboration, adopting a fast-fail culture and developing a capacity in ethics and data science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Sawers
- The International Centre for Eye Health (ICEH), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew Bastawrous
- The International Centre for Eye Health (ICEH), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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