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Stubbs T, Cannon L, Carter E, Naanai H, Okurame JC, Martiniuk ALC, Davies J, Thomas S, Bedford M, Elliott EJ, Rice LJ. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder resources for health professionals: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e086999. [PMID: 39002966 PMCID: PMC11253770 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-086999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This scoping review aimed to identify and critically appraise resources for health professionals to identify, diagnose, refer, and support individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)-including the extent to which the resources are appropriate for use in communities with First Nations Peoples. METHOD Seven peer-reviewed databases (April 2022) and 14 grey literature websites (August 2022) were searched. The reference lists of all sources that underwent full-text review were handsearched, and FASD experts were consulted for additional sources. Resources were assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for REsearch and Evaluation II instrument and an adapted version of the National Health and Medical Research Council FORM Framework and iCAHE Guideline Quality Checklist. RESULTS A total of 41 resources underwent data extraction and critical appraisal, as screening and/or diagnosis guidelines were excluded because they are covered in other reviews. Most were recently published or updated (n=24), developed in the USA (n=15, 36.6%) or Australia (n=12, 29.3%) and assisted with FASD patient referral or support (n=40). Most management guidelines scored 76%-100% on overall quality assessment (n=5/9) and were recommended for use in the Australian context with modifications (n=7/9). Most of the guides (n=15/22) and factsheets (n=7/10) received a 'good' overall score. Few (n=3/41) resources were explicitly designed for or with input from First Nations Australians. CONCLUSION High-quality resources are available to support health professionals providing referrals and support to individuals with FASD, including language guides. Resources should be codesigned with people living with FASD to capture and integrate their knowledge and preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Stubbs
- Speciality of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lisa Cannon
- Speciality of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emily Carter
- Marulu Unit, Marninwarntikura Women’s Resource Centre, Fitzroy Crossing, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Habiba Naanai
- Speciality of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Josephine Chidinma Okurame
- Speciality of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexandra L C Martiniuk
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Office of the Chief Scientist, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jadnah Davies
- Marulu Unit, Marninwarntikura Women’s Resource Centre, Fitzroy Crossing, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sue Thomas
- Marulu Unit, Marninwarntikura Women’s Resource Centre, Fitzroy Crossing, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mudge Bedford
- Marulu Unit, Marninwarntikura Women’s Resource Centre, Fitzroy Crossing, Western Australia, Australia
- NDIS Remote Community Connector Team, Marra Worra Worra Aboriginal Cooporation, Fitzroy Crossing, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J Elliott
- Speciality of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Children's Hospital Network and Kid's Research, Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lauren J Rice
- Speciality of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Nankoo MMA, Panton KR, Fitzpatrick JP, Pestell CF. Scoping review of employment resources for individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and justice involvement. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e063860. [PMID: 36806062 PMCID: PMC9943906 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) are over-represented within the justice system and have significant employment challenges. The primary aim of this scoping review was to ascertain available employment resources for FASD individuals particularly those involved in the justice system. Secondary aims were to determine available evidence-based interventions for the justice workforce and employment providers. METHODS Eligibility criteria: That the resource was (a) published between 1990 and 2021, (b) in English, (c) available electronically in full text, (d) focused on strategies for improving employment outcomes of individuals with FASD and (f) developed for those aged over 15. Sources of evidence: Electronic searches of the following databases were conducted: EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Grey literature was collected via the databases ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, OpenGrey, GreyNet International and Grey Matters. Charting methods: Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews reporting guidelines, a five-stage methodological framework was employed. A quality appraisal of identified resources was conducted. Data were summarised qualitatively using a content analysis method that allowed for analysis of specific terms/themes/concepts/resource elements that resources covered, as well as a quantitative analysis of their frequency. RESULTS An initial search identified 850 articles, 512 of which were obtained through online database searches, 321 through Google Scholar searches and 17 through google searches. Sixteen resources were identified as meeting inclusion criteria, including four peer-reviewed papers and 12 grey literature resources. Six of the resources extracted were deemed 'good' or 'strong' quality, with the remainder-all grey literature resources-being 'adequate' or 'limited'. None of the resources identified were empirically evaluated or could be implemented synergistically. Content analysis revealed common themes addressing FASD-related employment challenges and required supports. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the need for developing evidence-based employment-related resources for justice-involved people with FASD. Most of the 16 identified resources had a psychoeducational and advocacy component and described typical employment challenges with specific supports and accommodations to maximise workforce participation. However, none had been empirically evaluated, underscoring the importance of future research in this area to better inform more responsive and evidence-based employment-related programmes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/J5VMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie M A Nankoo
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Patches Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kirsten R Panton
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - James P Fitzpatrick
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Patches Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carmela F Pestell
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Okurame JC, Cannon L, Carter E, Thomas S, Elliott EJ, Rice LJ. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder resources for health professionals: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e065327. [PMID: 36100303 PMCID: PMC9472138 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) encounter a range of health and allied health providers and require specialised support to ensure health services are provided safely and effectively. Not all health professionals possess the knowledge or expertise required for the identification, assessment, referral and management of FASD. Accessible resources for understanding and managing FASD can help create awareness in health professionals and ensure patients receive the correct diagnosis and timely access to the necessary supports and services. The aim of this scoping review is to identify and analyse FASD resources for health professionals. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A comprehensive search of eight databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, PubMED, EMBASE, Web of Science and Trip Medical Database) and nine grey literature databases (FASD Hub, NOFASD Australia, National Organisation for FASD, FASD United, HealthInfoNet, Proof Alliance, Child Family Community Australia, Foundation for Alcohol Research & Education and the Australian Department of Health websites) will be conducted using three search engines including PubMed, Ovid and Google advanced search (search dates: October 2021 to May 2022). Consultations will also be carried out with international and national experts in the diagnosis/management of FASD to obtain any additional relevant published or unpublished resources. Inclusion criteria were developed to guide the selection of resources that are publicly available, primarily focused on FASD and curated for health professionals for the identification, management or referral of FASD. Critical appraisal process will be executed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for REsearch & Evaluation II (AGREE II) tool to assess the quality of selected resources. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval is not required for the scoping review. Scoping review results will be presented at relevant national and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. Search results will be made available to ensure reproducibility and transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Cannon
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Emily Carter
- Marulu Unit, Marninwarntikura Women's Resource Centre, Fitzroy Crossing, Kimberley, Australia
| | - Sue Thomas
- Marulu Unit, Marninwarntikura Women's Resource Centre, Fitzroy Crossing, Kimberley, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J Elliott
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Kids Research, The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lauren J Rice
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Kruithof P, Ban S. A brief overview of fetal alcohol syndrome for health professionals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:890-893. [PMID: 34379462 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2021.30.15.890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are caused by prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). They cause epigenetic changes, permanent neurodevelopmental deficits, and anomalies in growth and facial structure. This article enforces the need for health and social care professionals to have a greater understanding and awareness of how FAS and FASD may impact on the individual, the family and the community, to enable them to provide the most effective preventive and supportive care possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kruithof
- Lecturer Global Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, Sunderland University, Sunderland
| | - Sasha Ban
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Nursing, Midwifery and Health, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne
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