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Seguí-Crespo M, Cantó-Sancho N, Sánchez-Brau M, Ronda-Pérez E. CVS-Q teen: an adapted, reliable and validated tool to assess computer vision syndrome in adolescents. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21576. [PMID: 39285189 PMCID: PMC11405871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70821-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescents' extensive use of digital devices raises significant concerns about their visual health. This study aimed to adapt and validate the computer vision syndrome questionnaire (CVS-Q©) for adolescents aged 12-17 years. A mixed-method sequential design was used. First, a qualitative study was involved two nominal groups to assess the instrument's acceptability. A subsequent cross-sectional quantitative study with 277 randomly selected adolescents assessed reliability and validity. Participants completed the adapted CVS-Q©, an ad hoc questionnaire, and the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire. Repeatability was tested in 54 adolescents after 7-14 days. The Rasch-Andrich rating scale model was used. Instructions and symptoms were modified to obtain the 14-item CVS-Q teen©. It showed unidimensionality, no local dependence between items, and respected monotonicity. Adequate internal consistency (person reliability = 0.69, item reliability = 0.98) and intraobserver reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.77, Cohen's Kappa = 0.49) were observed. A significant correlation (0.782, p < 0.001) between CVS-Q teen© and OSDI supported construct validity. A score of ≥ 6 points indicated computer vision syndrome (CVS) (sensitivity = 85.2%, specificity = 76.5%, and area under the curve = 0.879). In conclusion, CVS-Q teen© is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing CVS in adolescents using digital devices, applicable in research and clinical practice for early identification and recommendations for visual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Seguí-Crespo
- Public Health Research Group, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Natalia Cantó-Sancho
- Public Health Research Group, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
| | - Mar Sánchez-Brau
- Public Health Research Group, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain.
| | - Elena Ronda-Pérez
- Public Health Research Group, University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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León-Figueroa DA, Barboza JJ, Siddiq A, Sah R, Valladares-Garrido MJ, Adhikari S, Aguirre-Milachay E, Sah S, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. Prevalence of computer vision syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:640. [PMID: 38424562 PMCID: PMC10902934 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17636-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computer vision syndrome has become a significant public health problem, especially in developing countries. Therefore, this study aims to identify the prevalence of computer vision syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was conducted using the databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase up to February 22, 2023, using the search terms "Computer Vision Syndrome" and "COVID-19". Three authors independently performed study selection, quality assessment, and data extraction, and the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument was used to evaluate study quality. Heterogeneity was assessed using the statistical test I2, and the R version 4.2.3 program was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 192 studies were retrieved, of which 18 were included in the final meta-analysis. The total sample included 10,337 participants from 12 countries. The combined prevalence of computer vision syndrome was 74% (95% CI: 66, 81). Subgroup analysis based on country revealed a higher prevalence of computer vision syndrome in Pakistan (99%, 95% CI: 97, 100) and a lower prevalence in Turkey (48%, 95% CI: 44, 52). In addition, subgroup analysis based on study subjects showed a prevalence of 82% (95% CI: 74, 89) for computer vision syndrome in non-students and 70% (95% CI: 60, 80) among students. CONCLUSION According to the study, 74% of the participants experienced computer vision syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given this finding, it is essential to implement preventive and therapeutic measures to reduce the risk of developing computer vision syndrome and improve the quality of life of those affected. TRIAL REGISTRATION The protocol for this systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in the international registry of systematic reviews, the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), with registration number CRD42022345965.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darwin A León-Figueroa
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo, 15011, Peru
- Centro de Investigación en Atención Primaria en Salud, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, 15102, Peru
| | - Joshuan J Barboza
- Unidad de Revisiones Sistemáticas y Meta-Análisis, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Juan del Corral 937. El Bosque, Trujillo, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411018, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411018, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mario J Valladares-Garrido
- Universidad Continental, Lima, 15046, Peru.
- Oficina de Epidemiología, Hospital Regional Lambayeque, Chiclayo, 14012, Peru.
| | | | | | - Sanjit Sah
- Research Scientist, Global Consortium for Public Health and Research, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, 442001, India
- SR Sanjeevani Hospital, Kalyanpur-10, Siraha, Nepal
| | - Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Master of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, 15067, Peru
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon
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Kim H, Kim SJ, Hwang S. Visual display terminal syndrome and its associated factors among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Work 2024; 77:23-36. [PMID: 37483045 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ever since the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, students have been spending an increasingly longer time staring at electrical devices to take online courses. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of the virtual class environment on eye and musculoskeletal problems in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A total of 365 university students were enrolled in this study. They completed an online survey to examine the effects of online learning on eye and musculoskeletal health during the COVID-19 pandemic. The questionnaires consisted of four sections: demographic and general information, environmental and work factors, device-related factors, and visual display terminal syndrome (VDTS). RESULTS Participants have been taking online classes of 14.5 hours per week during the COVID-19 pandemic. They reported the mean daily usage of digital devices of 4.8±2.2 hours before the pandemic but this increased to 8.1±2.9 during the pandemic. Eye fatigue and neck, shoulder, and back pain have also been reported. The mean VDTS score was significantly influenced by gender, obesity, daily exercise, regular breaks, wear of blue light-blocking glasses, daily hours of electronic device use, and illumination of room. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that university students taking online classes suffered more from VDTS, especially in eye fatigue and neck, lower back, and shoulder pain during COVID-19 pandemic than prior. This study suggests that it is necessary to take breaks in online classes and regularly provide appropriate eye exercise and physical activity to prevent VDTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Kim
- Department of Optometry, Division of Health Science, Baekseok University, Cheonan City, South Korea
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Baekseok University, Cheonan City, South Korea
| | - Se-Jin Kim
- Department of Optometry, Division of Health Science, Baekseok University, Cheonan City, South Korea
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Baekseok University, Cheonan City, South Korea
| | - Sujin Hwang
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Baekseok University, Cheonan City, South Korea
- Department of Physical Therapy, Division of Health Science, Baekseok University, Cheonan City, South Korea
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Ccami-Bernal F, Soriano-Moreno DR, Romero-Robles MA, Barriga-Chambi F, Tuco KG, Castro-Diaz SD, Nuñez-Lupaca JN, Pacheco-Mendoza J, Galvez-Olortegui T, Benites-Zapata VA. Prevalence of computer vision syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY 2024; 17:100482. [PMID: 37866176 PMCID: PMC10785422 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2023.100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review aimed to estimate the prevalence of computer vision syndrome (CVS) in the general population and subgroups. METHODS A search was conducted in the following the databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Web of Science until February 13, 2023. We included studies that assessed the prevalence of CVS in any population. The Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality. A meta-analysis of the prevalence of CVS was done using a random-effects model, assessing the sources of heterogeneity using subgroup and meta-regression analyses. RESULTS A total of 103 cross-sectional studies with 66 577 participants were included. The prevalence of CVS was 69.0% (95% CI: 62.3 to 75.3; I2: 99.7%), ranging from 12.1 to 97.3% across studies. Point prevalence was higher in women than in men (71.4 vs. 61.8%), university students (76.1%), Africa (71.2%), Asia (69.9%), contact lens wearers (73.1% vs. 63.8%) in studies conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic (72.8%), and in those that did not use the CVS-Q questionnaire (75.4%). In meta-regression, using the CVS-Q scale was associated with a lower prevalence of CVS. CONCLUSION Seven out of ten people suffer from CVS. Preventive strategies and interventions are needed to decrease the prevalence of this condition which can affect productivity and quality of life. Future studies should standardize a definition of CVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio Ccami-Bernal
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Santa Catalina 117, Arequipa 04000, Peru
| | - David R Soriano-Moreno
- Unidad de Investigación Clínica y Epidemiológica, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Carretera Central Km 19.5 Ñaña, Chosica, 15464 Peru
| | | | - Fernanda Barriga-Chambi
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Santa Catalina 117, Arequipa 04000, Peru
| | - Kimberly G Tuco
- Unidad de Investigación Clínica y Epidemiológica, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Carretera Central Km 19.5 Ñaña, Chosica, 15464 Peru
| | - Sharong D Castro-Diaz
- Unidad de Investigación Clínica y Epidemiológica, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Carretera Central Km 19.5 Ñaña, Chosica, 15464 Peru
| | - Janeth N Nuñez-Lupaca
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional Jorge Basadre Grohmann, Tacna, Miraflores S/N, 23000 Peru
| | | | - Tomas Galvez-Olortegui
- Unidad de Oftalmología Basada en Evidencias (Oftalmoevidencia), Scientia Clinical and Epidemiological Research Institute, Trujillo, Mz. G Lt. 22 Urb. Vista Hermosa, 13001 Peru; Departamento de Oftalmología, Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Yrigoyen, Jirón García Naranjo 840, La Victoria 13, Lima 15033, Peru
| | - Vicente A Benites-Zapata
- Unidad de investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud (UGIES), Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Av. La Fontana 550, La Molina, Lima 15024, Peru.
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Sengo DB, da Deolinda Bernardo Pica A, Dos Santos IIDB, Mate LM, Mazuze AN, Caballero P, López-Izquierdo I. Computer vision syndrome and associated factors in university students and teachers in Nampula, Mozambique. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:508. [PMID: 38093208 PMCID: PMC10720210 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) is a complex of eye and visual problems that arise while using a computer or other Video Display Terminal (DVT). With the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of these DVTs has become indispensable in the lives of students and teachers. This study aims to identify the prevalence of CVS and associated factors in students and teachers at Lúrio University, in Nampula, during the pandemic period. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study, carried out between November 2020 and March 2021. The validated CVS questionnaire (CVS-Q) and another semi-structured questionnaire on ergonomic risk factors were applied. Odds ratios (OR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were calculated to measure the association between CVS and computer use conditions. RESULTS The prevalence of CVS was 76.6%, and the female gender, age ≤ 20 years, levels I, II, III of course, lack of knowledge about ergonomics, use the computer to study, use more than 6 hours daily, absence of anti-reflex treatment, use of other devices and sitting in an inappropriate chair were risk factors for the occurrence of CVS, while being a teacher was a protective factor. CONCLUSION The prevalence of CVS found in this study was high, due to several factors, especially not using ergonomic principles when using computers and other DVTs. There is a need to adopt intervention strategies focused on the most vulnerable groups such as women, age group ≤20 years and students, especially at the first year level, right after entering the University.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulnério Barbosa Sengo
- Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Av. Tomás Nduda, nr. 977 RC, Cidade de Maputo, Mozambique.
| | | | | | - Laura Mavota Mate
- Ministério dos Combatentes, Av Mártires Machava, nr. 307, Cidade de Maputo, Moçambique
| | - Avelino Nelson Mazuze
- Universidade Lúrio, faculdade Ciências de Saúde, Bairro de Marrere, R. nr, 4250, Nampula, Mozambique
| | - Pablo Caballero
- Universitat d'Alacant, Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Carretera Sant Vicent del Raspeig s/n, 03690, Sant Vicent del Raspeig, Alacant, Spain
| | - Inmaculada López-Izquierdo
- Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Av. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
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Abed Alah M, Abdeen S, Selim N, AlDahnaim L, Bougmiza I. Computer vision syndrome among students during remote learning periods: harnessing digital solutions for clear vision. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1273886. [PMID: 38026296 PMCID: PMC10666185 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1273886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) among children and adolescents in Qatar during the period of remote learning and explore the associated factors and discuss some digital health remedies that might reduce the risk. Methods We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study between June and August 2022 by collecting data via telephone interviews with parents of selected students utilizing the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS-Q). Results We completed 1,546 interviews. The mean age of the students was (11 ± 2), male: female ratio was almost 1:1. About one quarter (368, 23.8%) of parents reported a previous diagnosis of visual disturbances among their children with over 88% of them wearing eyeglasses or medical contact lenses. The prevalence of CVS in our sample was about 8% (95%CI: 6.8-9.6). Mother's employment, having positive history of visual disturbances, and excess screen time were found to be significant predictors of CVS. Conclusion Health care providers in collaboration with teachers should provide parents with evidence-based strategies to prevent or minimize the digital eye strain among students. In the landscape of remote learning, the implementation of digital remedies emerges as a proactive approach to mitigate the risk of digital eye strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Abed Alah
- Community Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Sami Abdeen
- Community Medicine Department, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Nagah Selim
- Community Medicine Department, Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC), Doha, Qatar
- Public health and preventive medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Layla AlDahnaim
- School Health Services and Programs, Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Iheb Bougmiza
- Community Medicine Department, Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC), Doha, Qatar
- Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Sousse University, Sousse, Tunisia
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Almudhaiyan TM, Aldebasi T, Alakel R, Marghlani L, Aljebreen A, Moazin OM. The Prevalence and Knowledge of Digital Eye Strain Among the Undergraduates in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e37081. [PMID: 37153239 PMCID: PMC10156438 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim/background Digital eye strain, also called computer vision syndrome (CVS), is a group of symptoms resulting from prolonged computer, tablet, e-reader, and cell phone use. The level of discomfort and the severity of these symptoms appear to increase with the amount of digital screen use. These symptoms include eyestrain, headaches, blurred vision, and dry eyes. This study aims to assess the changes in the prevalence of digital eye strain among college students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among university students at different college institutions in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Subjects were interviewed, and the data were collected using an online questionnaire. The questionnaire was composed of student demographic data, students' general knowledge and risk perception of digital eye strain, and the assessment of CVS symptoms questionnaire. Results Of the 364 university students, 55.5% were females, and 96.2% were aged between 18 and 29 years. A significant proportion of university students (84.6%) were using digital devices for five hours or more. The proportion of university students who were aware of the 20-20-20 rule was 37.4%. The overall prevalence of positive for CVS symptoms was 76.1%. Independent risk factors for CVS symptoms were gender female, ocular disorders, and using digital devices at a shorter distance. Conclusion There was a high prevalence of CVS symptoms among university students in our region. Female students with an ocular disease were more likely to exhibit CVS symptoms than other university students, but using a digital device at a longer distance could alleviate the symptoms of CVS. A longitudinal study is needed to establish the effect of CVS symptoms among university students, especially during the post-pandemic era.
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Using the C-Read as a Portable Device to Evaluate Reading Ability in Young Chinese Adults: An Observational Study. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13030463. [PMID: 36983645 PMCID: PMC10056310 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13030463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the reading characteristics of normal-sighted young adults using C-Read to provide baseline healthy population values. We also investigated the relationship between the National Eye Institute’s Visual Functioning Questionnaire (VFQ-25) score and reading ability, myopia, and hours of screen use, focusing on the extent to which these factors affect participants’ visual function and, ultimately, their vision-related quality of life (QoL). Overall, 207 young, healthy participants (414 eyes) aged 18–35 years were tested for reading speed using C-Read connected to a smartphone-based application between December 2022 and January 2023. Each participant received a VFQ-25 questionnaire to evaluate vision-related QoL. Data on daily e-screen usage hours were collected. Among the participants, 91 (44.0%) were women; their mean (SD) age was 22.45 (4.01) years. The mean (SD) reading acuity (RA) was 0.242 (0.124), 0.249 (0.120), and 0.193 (0.104) logarithmic minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) for the right, left, and both eyes, respectively. The mean (SD) maximum reading speed (MRS) was 171.65 (46.27), 168.59 (45.68), and 185.16 (44.93) words per minute (wpm) with the right, left, and both eyes, respectively. The mean (SD) critical print size (CPS) was 0.412 (0.647), 0.371 (0.229), and 0.419 (1.05) logMAR per the right, left, and both eyes, respectively. The RA and CPS were significantly different between sexes (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001). MRS was significantly different between the education level (p = 0.005) and myopia level groups (p = 0.010); however, it was not clear whether this difference was confounded by age. The myopic power in diopters significantly affected RA (coefficient, −0.012; 95% CI, −0.018 to −0.006; p = 0.001); screen time significantly affected MRS (coefficient, 0.019; 95% CI, 0.57 to 6.33; p = 0.019). RA (coefficient, −21.41; 95% CI, −33.74 to −9.08; p = 0.001) and duration of screen use (coefficient, -0.86; 95% CI, −1.29 to −0.43; p < 0.001) independently had a significantly negative correlation with VFQ-25 scores. Our findings provide a baseline value for C-Read in normal-sighted young adults. Refractive status significantly affected RA, while screen time significantly affected MRS. Interventions aimed at enhancing RA may have the potential to maximize vision-related QoL and enable older adults with impaired vision to achieve greater outcomes. Future, larger-scale, C-Read experiments will help provide newer, more optimal methods for the early diagnosis of visual impairment.
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Najafzadeh MJ, Zand A, Shafiei M, Sharifi M, Nasiri N, Sharifi A. Myopia Progression during the COVID-19 Era: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Semin Ophthalmol 2023:1-10. [PMID: 36734046 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2023.2168490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate myopia progression during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its risk factors. METHODS We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to find literature until August 2022 related to COVID-19 pandemic and myopia progression. Outcomes of myopia progression included axial length (AL) and spherical equivalent (SE). Factors of screen time and outdoor activity time were analyzed. RESULTS Thirty-three studies were included in this meta-analysis. Compared to the same period before the COVID-19 pandemic, myopia prevalence increased (OR = 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05-1.18). The outcomes of SE decreased -0.61 diopter (95% CI, -0.98 to -0.23), and AL increased 0.42 mm (95% CI, 0.13-0.7). Mean screen time was increased 6.25 hours/day (95% CI, 4.84-7.66), and outdoor activity time was decreased -1.52 hours/day (95% CI, -3.20 to -0.15). CONCLUSION Establishing care policies is necessary to restrict behavioral changes and their consequences during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amin Zand
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shafa Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Shafiei
- Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Meraj Sharifi
- Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Naser Nasiri
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Sharifi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shafa Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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10
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Iqbal M, Soliman A, Ibrahim O, Gad A. Analysis of the Outcomes of the Screen-Time Reduction in Computer Vision Syndrome: A Cohort Comparative Study. Clin Ophthalmol 2023; 17:123-134. [PMID: 36644605 PMCID: PMC9833323 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s399044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To analyze the outcomes of screen-time reduction on the foveal responses that associates computer vision syndrome (CVS) using multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) examination. Methods This prospective multicenter cohort comparative study included 49 eyes of 49 medical students divided into two groups. Group A (control group) included 25 eyes with no CVS diagnosis while group B (CVS group) included 24 eyes with CVS diagnosis. All students responded to the valid and reliable CVS-Form 3 (CVS-F3) questionnaire and underwent complete ophthalmic and mfERG examinations twice at the time recruitment in the study and four weeks after strict reduction of the daily screen-hours to ≤1 screen-hour daily to document associated foveal responses. Results We documented statistically significant reduction in foveal responses in CVS versus control groups in mean mfERG Rings 1, 2, and 5 with Quadrants 1, 2, and 4 (P=<0.0001, 0.0001, 0.0003, 0.001, 0.002, and 0.006, respectively). Following the screen-time reduction, the second mfERG examination revealed significant post-reduction improvements in foveal responses in CVS group particularly in mean mfERG Rings 1, 2, 3, and 5 with Quadrants 1 and 4 (P=<0.0001, <0.0001, 0.0005, 0.02, <0.0001, and 0.04, respectively). Conclusion This study documented the screen-induced foveal dysfunction that associates CVS using mfERG examination, which revealed remarkable significant improvements in foveal responses in the 4 weeks following strict screen-time reduction. These improvements were also associated with corresponding improvements in the visual performances. We suggest that the potential screen-induced foveal dysfunction outcomes might be reversible with strict screen-time reduction. We also recommend that educational institutional policies should limit online education-hours and redesign the mandated computer system use program to guard against visual sequelae of CVS. Clinical Trials Registration ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT04405648).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Iqbal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt,Correspondence: Mohammed Iqbal, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, 82425, Egypt, Tel +2 01068559840, Fax +2 093 2159080, Email
| | - Ashraf Soliman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola Ibrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Gad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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Mrayyan MT, Alseid ARH, Ghoolah TS, Al-Shaikh Ali MH, Mrayan M. Investigating the Prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) Among Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. SAGE Open Nurs 2023; 9:23779608231191883. [PMID: 37546525 PMCID: PMC10399248 DOI: 10.1177/23779608231191883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction During the pandemic, health issues associated with using digital devices and exploring social media, such as Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS), have increased considerably. Objectives This study looked into CVS and its significance in Jordan and the CVS outcomes of undergraduate nursing students who used digital devices to surf social media during COVID-19. Methods To assess CVS, a quantitative cross-sectional research design was used. Data were collected in 2022 through an online diagnostic and formative survey utilizing the CVS-Questionnaire (CVS-Q) with 310 undergraduate nursing students from a government and a private university in Jordan. Descriptive statistics and the univariate general linear model were used to analyze the collected data. Results To report the prevalence of CVS among the studied sample, the median score was 1.80. The median prevalence score was 24.50 (range = 13-31), and 26.75% of participants reported having intense social media searches. For a student in this study to be diagnosed with CVS, they must receive a score of at least 5, and the current sample score was around 2, indicating they didn't have a CVS; however, it was moderate when it occurred. About 26.75% of participants reported having problematic social media searches. Back and neck pain and headaches were the typical signs of CVS. The average daily hours spent using digital devices for social media searches increased during the pandemic utilizing mobile phones, especially among male nursing students. Being a junior student with no social media account and unable to balance study and social media were among the predictors of CVS. Most students used protective tools on their digital devices, such as protective films and phone screens, to prevent or accommodate CVS. Conclusion There were no prior collected data about CVS in Jordan, and based on the international trend, the COVID-19 pandemic didn't directly contribute to the prevalence of CVS. However, when the CVS occurred, it was moderate, which mandates proactive and prophylactic redesigning of our educational system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majd T. Mrayyan
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
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Lotfy NM, Shafik HM, Nassief M. Risk factor assessment of digital eye strain during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional survey. MEDICAL HYPOTHESIS, DISCOVERY & INNOVATION OPHTHALMOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 11:119-128. [PMID: 37641641 PMCID: PMC10445314 DOI: 10.51329/mehdiophthal1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Shifting to online learning during the coronavirus pandemic has increased the number of individuals symptomatic of digital eye strain (DES). This study aimed to determine the frequency and potential risk factors of DES among university staff members and students in this pandemic era. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted during the pandemic, in May and June 2020. The online questionnaire was designed to collect data on DES-related ocular and extraocular manifestations. The survey was sent via social media to the previous year's students and staff within the Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt. The responses were downloaded and analyzed. Results Of the 412 participants completing the questionnaire, 34 (8.3%) were university staff members with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 36.7 (6.6) years, and 378 (91.7%) were university students with a mean (SD) age of 20.8 (1.8) years. Participants with DES symptoms numbered 294 (71.4%) before the lockdown, increasing to 366 (88.8%) during the last month, with 84 developing new-onset DES. Most participants reported ocular symptoms associated with DES. After the lockdown, both students and staff had a significant prolongation of nighttime digital screen use and TV watching, an increase in the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) severity scale scores, and anxiety and depression, with a reduced duration of daytime reading (all P < 0.05). Students had a significant prolongation of daytime digital screen use and TV watching and an increase in the frequency of eye lubricant use and mean Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)-4 scores (all P < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that studenthood and increased nighttime screen use were independent risk factors for DES by odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 10.60 (2.12 - 53.00) and 3.99 (1.71 - 9.34), respectively (both P < 0.05). Conclusions Lockdown and closure of the university, with a shift to online learning, increased the exposure of staff and students to digital screens and the number of individuals with DES. Studenthood and prolonged nighttime digital screen use were independent risk factors for DES. Further studies investigating the prevalence and risk factors of DES, comparing similar data during and after the pandemic, may reveal other aspects of DES caused by virtual reality-based training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M. Lotfy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba M. Shafik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mona Nassief
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Abuallut I, Ajeebi RE, Bahari AY, Abudeyah MA, Alyamani AA, Zurayyir AJ, Alharbi AH, Al Faqih AA, Suwaydi AZ, Alqasemi MI, Alnami BA, Al Zahrani KJ. Prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome among School-Age Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9111718. [PMID: 36360446 PMCID: PMC9689306 DOI: 10.3390/children9111718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Computer vision syndrome (CVS) can be described as ocular-related symptoms that result from prolonged exposure and use of computers, smartphones, tablets, and other devices with digital displays. The main objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of CVS among school-age children, the associated signs, risk factors, and the association between the disease before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional research design. The targeted population was school-going children aged 6 to 18 in the Jazan region in the Southwest of Saudi Arabia. A sample of 440 participants was selected to represent the population under study. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Sociodemographic characteristics were recorded, such as age, gender, education level, parents’ education, occupation, frequency, and intensity of eye symptoms if present. Results: Most of the participants were adolescents between 16 and 18 and at a high-school education level. According to the total symptoms score, the CVS prevalence was 35.4%. Prevalence of CVS significantly affects age, gender, and school level (p < 0.05 for all). A similar significant association was reported between the symptoms experienced before and during COVID-19 and the CVS (p < 0.05). Conclusion: A total of 407 adolescents aged 16−18 responded to the questionnaire (response rate of 92.5%; 407 out of 440). The study estimated the prevalence of CVS among school-going children in Jazan to be low. The main signs associated with CVS included headache, tearing, itchiness, blurred vision, eye redness, eye pain, and dryness. The attitude of children toward their health condition during the COVID-19 pandemic and the prevalence of CVS have a significant relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Abuallut
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Reham E. Ajeebi
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | - Abdulkareem H. Alharbi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of National Guard, Riyadh 22490, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Bushra A. Alnami
- Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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