1
|
Beausejour JP, Knowles KS, Wilson AT, Mangum LC, Hill EC, Hanney WJ, Wells AJ, Fukuda DH, Stout J, Stock MS. Innovations in the Assessment of Skeletal Muscle Health: A Glimpse into the Future. Int J Sports Med 2024; 45:659-671. [PMID: 38198822 DOI: 10.1055/a-2242-3226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the largest organ system in the human body and plays critical roles in athletic performance, mobility, and disease pathogenesis. Despite growing recognition of its importance by major health organizations, significant knowledge gaps remain regarding skeletal muscle health and its crosstalk with nearly every physiological system. Relevant public health challenges like pain, injury, obesity, and sarcopenia underscore the need to accurately assess skeletal muscle health and function. Feasible, non-invasive techniques that reliably evaluate metrics including muscle pain, dynamic structure, contractility, circulatory function, body composition, and emerging biomarkers are imperative to unraveling the complexities of skeletal muscle. Our concise review highlights innovative or overlooked approaches for comprehensively assessing skeletal muscle in vivo. We summarize recent advances in leveraging dynamic ultrasound imaging, muscle echogenicity, tensiomyography, blood flow restriction protocols, molecular techniques, body composition, and pain assessments to gain novel insight into muscle physiology from cellular to whole-body perspectives. Continued development of precise, non-invasive tools to investigate skeletal muscle are critical in informing impactful discoveries in exercise and rehabilitation science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Beausejour
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Kevan S Knowles
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Abigail T Wilson
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - L Colby Mangum
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Ethan C Hill
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - William J Hanney
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Adam J Wells
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - David H Fukuda
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - JeffreyR Stout
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Matt S Stock
- Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pradhan R, Dieterich W, Natarajan A, Schwappacher R, Reljic D, Herrmann HJ, Neurath MF, Zopf Y. Influence of Amino Acids and Exercise on Muscle Protein Turnover, Particularly in Cancer Cachexia. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1921. [PMID: 38791998 PMCID: PMC11119313 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a multifaceted syndrome that impacts individuals with advanced cancer. It causes numerous pathological changes in cancer patients, such as inflammation and metabolic dysfunction, which further diminish their quality of life. Unfortunately, cancer cachexia also increases the risk of mortality in affected individuals, making it an important area of focus for cancer research and treatment. Several potential nutritional therapies are being tested in preclinical and clinical models for their efficacy in improving muscle metabolism in cancer patients. Despite promising results, no special nutritional therapies have yet been validated in clinical practice. Multiple studies provide evidence of the benefits of increasing muscle protein synthesis through an increased intake of amino acids or protein. There is also increasing evidence that exercise can reduce muscle atrophy by modulating protein synthesis. Therefore, the combination of protein intake and exercise may be more effective in improving cancer cachexia. This review provides an overview of the preclinical and clinical approaches for the use of amino acids with and without exercise therapy to improve muscle metabolism in cachexia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmita Pradhan
- Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.P.); (W.D.); (A.N.); (R.S.); (D.R.); (H.J.H.); (M.F.N.)
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Walburga Dieterich
- Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.P.); (W.D.); (A.N.); (R.S.); (D.R.); (H.J.H.); (M.F.N.)
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anirudh Natarajan
- Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.P.); (W.D.); (A.N.); (R.S.); (D.R.); (H.J.H.); (M.F.N.)
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raphaela Schwappacher
- Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.P.); (W.D.); (A.N.); (R.S.); (D.R.); (H.J.H.); (M.F.N.)
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dejan Reljic
- Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.P.); (W.D.); (A.N.); (R.S.); (D.R.); (H.J.H.); (M.F.N.)
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans J. Herrmann
- Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.P.); (W.D.); (A.N.); (R.S.); (D.R.); (H.J.H.); (M.F.N.)
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.P.); (W.D.); (A.N.); (R.S.); (D.R.); (H.J.H.); (M.F.N.)
| | - Yurdagül Zopf
- Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (R.P.); (W.D.); (A.N.); (R.S.); (D.R.); (H.J.H.); (M.F.N.)
- Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Doma K, Singh U, Boullosa D, Connor JD. The effect of branched-chain amino acid on muscle damage markers and performance following strenuous exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:1303-1313. [PMID: 34612716 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis determined whether the ergogenic effects of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) ameliorated markers of muscle damage and performance following strenuous exercise. In total, 25 studies were included, consisting of 479 participants (age 24.3 ± 8.3 years, height 1.73 ± 0.06 m, body mass 70.8 ± 9.5 kg, females 26.3%). These studies were rated as fair to excellent following the PEDro scale. The outcome measures were compared between the BCAA and placebo conditions at 24 and 48 hours following muscle-damaging exercises, using standardised mean differences and associated p-values via forest plots. Our meta-analysis demonstrated significantly lower levels of indirect muscle damage markers (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and myoglobin) at 48 hours post-exercise (standardised mean difference [SMD] = -0.41; p < 0.05) for the BCAA than placebo conditions, whilst muscle soreness was significant at 24 hours post-exercise (SMD = -0.28 ≤ d ≤ -0.61; p < 0.05) and 48 hours post-exercise (SMD = -0.41 ≤ d≤ -0.92; p < 0.01). However, no significant differences were identified between the BCAA and placebo conditions for muscle performance at 24 or 48 hours post-exercise (SMD = 0.08 ≤ d ≤ 0.21; p > 0.05). Overall, BCAA reduced the level of muscle damage biomarkers and muscle soreness following muscle-damaging exercises. However, the potential benefits of BCAA for muscle performance recovery is questionable and warrants further investigation to determine the practicality of BCAA for ameliorating muscle damage symptoms in diverse populations. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020191248. Novelty: BCAA reduces the level of creatine kinase and muscle soreness following strenuous exercise with a dose-response relationship. BCAA does not accelerate recovery for muscle performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Doma
- College of Healthcare Sciences, Sports and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Douglas, Queensland, Australia
| | - Utkarsh Singh
- Sports Dynamix Private Limited, Chennai, Nadu, India
| | - Daniel Boullosa
- College of Healthcare Sciences, Sports and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Douglas, Queensland, Australia.,INISA, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jonathan Douglas Connor
- College of Healthcare Sciences, Sports and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Douglas, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yamashita R, Ooe M, Saya Y, Sugisawa N, Murakami Y, Matsunaka H. Effect of Vitamin-Containing Amino Acid Supplements on Menopausal Symptoms and Age-Related Skin Changes: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2021; 11:1681-1692. [PMID: 34420200 PMCID: PMC8484415 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-021-00589-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Women aged ≥ 45 years are known to experience various menopausal symptoms due to reduced oestrogen levels. Changes associated with cutaneous ageing, such as wrinkles and sagging, are also prominent in women in this age group. Numerous studies have evaluated the usefulness of individual basic nutrients and essential components, such as amino acids and vitamins, in menopausal women. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the effects of supplements containing amino acid and vitamin combinations on menopausal symptoms and age-related changes in the skin. Methods This is a randomised, placebo-controlled study on the effects of a supplement containing three types of amino acids [leucine, glutamine and arginine (LGA)] and 11 types of vitamins in 37 middle-aged women. The participants ingested either the test substance or a placebo twice daily for 8 consecutive weeks, at the end of which time the efficacy and safety of the test substance were assessed based on subjective symptoms of fatigue, Simplified Menopausal Index (SMI) score, the grade and number of wrinkles at the corners of the eyes, results of an analysis of the stratum corneum of the cheek and blood test results. Results None of the participants experienced adverse events, and all items assessed in our survey of subjective symptoms of fatigue showed a significant decrease in the test substance group (LGA group). Additionally, the SMI score of the LGA group was significantly lower than that of the placebo group. The LGA group showed significant improvement in the grade of the wrinkles in the corners of the eyes and the number of wrinkles, and the stratum corneum cell area declined significantly in the LGA group compared to the placebo group at the end of the study. Conclusion These results indicate that the vitamin-containing amino acid supplement improved menopausal symptoms and age-related changes in the skin (wrinkles). Trial Registration UMIN000029830.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rie Yamashita
- Shonan Fujisawa Plastic Surgery Clinic R, 571, Fujisawa, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa, 251-0052, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Ooe
- NOV Academic Research, TOKIWA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-2-6, Minamiaoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-0062, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saya
- NOV Academic Research, TOKIWA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-2-6, Minamiaoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-0062, Japan
| | - Natsumi Sugisawa
- NOV Academic Research, TOKIWA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-2-6, Minamiaoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-0062, Japan
| | - Yumi Murakami
- NOV Academic Research, TOKIWA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-2-6, Minamiaoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-0062, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsunaka
- NOV Academic Research, TOKIWA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-2-6, Minamiaoyama, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-0062, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nutrition and physical activity interventions for the general population with and without cardiometabolic risk: a scoping review. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:4718-4736. [PMID: 34030758 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021002184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this scoping review was to examine the research question: In the adults with or without cardiometabolic risk, what is the availability of literature examining interventions to improve or maintain nutrition and physical activity-related outcomes? Sub-topics included: (1) behaviour counseling or coaching from a dietitian/nutritionist or exercise practitioner, (2) mobile applications to improve nutrition and physical activity and (3) nutritional ergogenic aids. DESIGN The current study is a scoping review. A literature search of the Medline Complete, CINAHL Complete, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and other databases was conducted to identify articles published in the English language from January 2005 until May 2020. Data were synthesised using bubble charts and heat maps. SETTING Out-patient, community and workplace. PARTICIPANTS Adults with or without cardiometabolic risk factors living in economically developed countries. RESULTS Searches resulted in 19 474 unique articles and 170 articles were included in this scoping review, including one guideline, thirty systematic reviews (SR), 134 randomised controlled trials and five non-randomised trials. Mobile applications (n 37) as well as ergogenic aids (n 87) have been addressed in several recent studies, including SR. While primary research has examined the effect of individual-level nutrition and physical activity counseling or coaching from a dietitian/nutritionist and/or exercise practitioner (n 48), interventions provided by these practitioners have not been recently synthesised in SR. CONCLUSION SR of behaviour counseling or coaching provided by a dietitian/nutritionist and/or exercise practitioner are needed and can inform practice for practitioners working with individuals who are healthy or have cardiometabolic risk.
Collapse
|
6
|
Schön C, Reule C, Knaub K, Micka A, Wilhelm M, Alt W, Menzel D. Evaluation and Validation of a Joint Stress Test to Induce Activity-Related Knee Joint Discomfort - a Prospective Case-Control Study. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2021; 7:24. [PMID: 33825065 PMCID: PMC8024428 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of improvement or maintenance of joint health in healthy subjects is a great challenge. The aim of the study was the evaluation of a joint stress test to assess joint discomfort in subjects with activity-related knee joint discomfort (ArJD). RESULTS Forty-five subjects were recruited to perform the single-leg-step-down (SLSD) test (15 subjects per group). Subjects with ArJD of the knee (age 22-62 years) were compared to healthy subjects (age 24-59 years) with no knee joint discomfort during daily life sporting activity and to subjects with mild-to-moderate osteoarthritis of the knee joint (OA, Kellgren score 2-3, age 42-64 years). The subjects performed the SLSD test with two different protocols: (I) standardization for knee joint discomfort; (II) standardization for load on the knee joint. In addition, range of motion (ROM), reach test, acute pain at rest and after a single-leg squat and knee injury, and osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) were assessed. In OA and ArJD subjects, knee joint discomfort could be reproducibly induced in a short time interval of less than 10 min (200 steps). In healthy subjects, no pain was recorded. A clear differentiation between study groups was observed with the SLSD test (maximal step number) as well as KOOS questionnaire, ROM, and reach test. In addition, a moderate to good intra-class correlation was shown for the investigated outcomes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest the SLSD test is a reliable tool for the assessment of knee joint health function in ArJD and OA subjects to study the improvements in their activities. Further, this model can be used as a stress model in intervention studies to study the impact of stress on knee joint health function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Schön
- BioTeSys GmbH, Schelztorstraße 54-56, 73728, Esslingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Reule
- BioTeSys GmbH, Schelztorstraße 54-56, 73728, Esslingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Knaub
- BioTeSys GmbH, Schelztorstraße 54-56, 73728, Esslingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
| | - Antje Micka
- BioTeSys GmbH, Schelztorstraße 54-56, 73728, Esslingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Department of Mathematics, Natural and Economic Sciences, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Albert-Einstein-Allee 55, 89081, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Alt
- Institute of Sports Science and Kinesiology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 28, 70569, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Menzel
- BioTeSys GmbH, Schelztorstraße 54-56, 73728, Esslingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The Effects of Leucine-Enriched Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation on Recovery After High-Intensity Resistance Exercise. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2019; 14:1081-1088. [DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Context: Of the 3 branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), leucine has arguably received the most attribution for the role of BCAA supplementation in alleviating symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage and facilitation of acute performance recovery. Purpose: To examine whether enrichment of a standard BCAA supplement with additional leucine or a standalone leucine (LEU) supplement differentially affects exercise-induced muscle damage and performance recovery compared with a standard BCAA supplement. Methods: A total of 22 recreationally active male and female subjects were recruited and assigned to consume a BCAA, leucine-enriched BCAA (LBCAA), or LEU supplement for 11 d. On the eighth day, subjects performed eccentric-based resistance exercise (ECRE). Lower-body mean average and peak power, plasma creatine kinase, soreness, and pain threshold were measured before and 24, 48, and 72 h after ECRE. Results: LEU showed decreased mean average power (P = .02) and mean peak power (P = .01) from baseline to 48 h post-ECRE, whereas LBCAA and BCAA only trended toward a reduction at 24 hours post-ECRE. At 48 h post-ECRE, BCAA showed greater recovery of mean peak power than LEU (P = .04). At 24 h post-ECRE, LEU demonstrated a greater increase in plasma creatine kinase from baseline than BCAA (P = .04). Area under the curve for creatine kinase was greater in LEU than BCAA (P = .02), whereas BCAA and LBCAA did not differ. Only LEU demonstrated increased soreness during rest and under muscular tension at 24 and 48 h post-ECRE (P < .05). Conclusions: LBCAA failed to afford any advantages over a standard BCAA supplement for postexercise muscle recovery, whereas a LEU supplement was comparatively ineffective.
Collapse
|
8
|
Negro M, Perna S, Spadaccini D, Castelli L, Calanni L, Barbero M, Cescon C, Rondanelli M, D'Antona G. Effects of 12 Weeks of Essential Amino Acids (EAA)-Based Multi-Ingredient Nutritional Supplementation on Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, Muscle Power and Fatigue in Healthy Elderly Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Double-Blind Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2019; 23:414-424. [PMID: 31021358 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-019-1163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To counteract muscle mass, muscle strength and power loss during aging, and to study age-related change of neuromuscular manifestation of fatigue in relation to nutritional supplementation. DESIGN randomized controlled double-blind study. SETTING Twice-daily consumption for 12 weeks of an Essential Amino Acids (EAA)-based multi-ingredient nutritional supplement containing EAA, creatine, vitamin D and Muscle Restore Complex®. PARTICIPANTS 38 healthy elderly subjects (8 male, 30 female; age: 68.91±4.60 years; body weight: 69.40±15.58 kg; height: 1.60±0.09 m) were randomized and allocated in supplement (SUPP) or placebo (PLA) group. Mean Measurements: Vitamin D blood level; Appendicular Lean Mass (ALM); Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT); Maximal Voluntary Contraction (MVC) and Peak Power (PP); myoelectric descriptors of fatigue: Fractal Dimension and Conduction Velocity initial values (FD iv, CV iv), their rates of change (FD slopes, CV slopes) and the Time to perform the Task (TtT). Mean Results: Significant changes were found in SUPP compared to baseline: Vitamin D (+8.73 ng/ml; p<0.001); ALM (+0.34 kg; p<0.001); VAT (-76.25 g; p<0.001); MVC (+0.52 kg; p<0.001); PP (+4.82 W; p<0.001). Between group analysis (SUPP Vs. PLA) showed improvements: vitamin D blood levels (+11,72 ng/ml; p<0.001); Legs FFM (+443.7 g; p<0.05); ALM (+0.53 kg; p<0.05); MVC (+1.38 kg; p<0.05); PP (+9.87 W; p<0.05). No statistical changes were found for FD iv, CV iv, FD and CV slopes and TtT, either compared to baseline or between groups. Significant correlations between mean differences in SUPP group were also found. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that in healthy elderly subjects an EAA-based multi-ingredient nutritional supplementation of 12 weeks is not effective to change myoelectric manifestation of fatigue and TtT failure but can positively affect muscle mass, muscle strength, muscle power and VAT, counterbalancing more than one year of age-related loss of muscle mass and strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Negro
- Giuseppe D'Antona, CRIAMS-Sport Medicine Centre, University of Pavia, Voghera, Italy,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fidale TM, Antunes HKM, Roever L, Gonçalves A, Puga GM, Silva RPM, de Resende FN, de Souza FR, Fidale BM, Lizardo FB, Resende ES. Leucine Supplementation Improves Effort Tolerance of Rats With Hyperthyroidism. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1632. [PMID: 30524299 PMCID: PMC6256244 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine is a regulator of protein metabolism in vivo and information on its action on effort tolerance of both animals and humans with hyperthyroidism is scarce. The objective of the present study was to verify the influence of leucine supplementation on the effort tolerance of Wistar rats with experimental hyperthyroidism. 40 animals were divided into four groups of ten: control (C), hormone (H), leucine (L), and hormone + leucine (HL). Hyperthyroidism was induced by daily administration of 20 μ⋅g100 g-1 of levothyroxine sodium in aqueous suspension by gavage. Leucine was supplemented by adding 5% of the amino acid to the conventional feed. The animals’ blood was collected by cardiac puncture to analyze TSH, T4, and T3 levels. The effort tolerance was determined by the swimming test with a 7% load attached to animals’ tails. Statistical analysis was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, followed by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) of repeated measures of two factors (treatment × time) and Tukey post hoc, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Administering thyroid hormone increased the swimming performance of rats after 14 and 21 days, but with a drop in performance at 28 days. The HL group, on the other hand, had a significantly higher swimming performance compared to the other groups after 28 days of treatment. Leucine supplementation associated with the experimental model of hyperthyroidism improved the performance of rats in a swimming test after 28 days of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Montes Fidale
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.,Special Academic Unit of Biotechnology, Federal University of Goiás, Catalão, Brazil.,Post-graduate Science in Health, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Roever
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.,Post-graduate Science in Health, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.,Master Institute of Education, IMEPAC, Araguari, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Morais Puga
- Faculty of Physical Education, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.,Post-graduate Science in Health, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernanda Rodrigues de Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.,Post-graduate Science in Health, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Montes Fidale
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.,Post-graduate Science in Health, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | - Elmiro Santos Resende
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.,Post-graduate Science in Health, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Garcia-Vicencio S, Ratel S, Gryson C, Masgrau A, Piponnier E, Brasy J, Ruyet PL, Bucas M, Barachon N, Visseaux V, Connan Y, Montel F, Lahaye C, Boirie Y, Martin V. A Moderate Supplementation of Native Whey Protein Promotes Better Muscle Training and Recovery Adaptations Than Standard Whey Protein - A 12-Week Electrical Stimulation and Plyometrics Training Study. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1312. [PMID: 30319437 PMCID: PMC6168738 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess if native whey protein (NW) supplementation could promote recovery and training adaptations after an electrostimulation (ES) training program combined to plyometrics training. Participants were allocated into three groups, supplemented 5 days/week, either with 15 g of carbohydrates + 15 g of NW (n = 17), 15 g of carbohydrates + 15 g of standard whey protein (SW; n = 15), or placebo (PLA; 30 g of carbohydrates; n = 10), while undergoing a 12-week ES training program of the knee extensors. Concentric power (Pmax) was evaluated before, immediately after, as well as 30 min, 60 min, 24 h, and 48 h after the 1st, 4th and last ES training session. The maximal voluntary contraction torque (MVC), twitch amplitude, anatomical cross-sectional area (CSA) and maximal voluntary activation level (VA) were measured before (T0), and after 6 (T1) and 12 weeks of training (T2). Pmax recovery kinetics differed between groups (p < 0.01). Pmax started to recover at 30 min in NW, 24 h in SW and 48 h in PLA. Training adaptations also differed between groups: MVC increased between T0 and T2 in NW (+11.8%, p < 0.001) and SW (+7.1%, p < 0.05), but not PLA. Nevertheless, the adaptation kinetics differed: MVC increased in NW and SW between T0 and T1, but an additional gain was only observed between T1 and T2 in NW. VA declined at T1 and T2 in PLA (−3.9%, p < 0.05), at T2 in SW (−3.5%, p < 0.05), and was unchanged in NW. CSA increased, but did not differ between groups. These results suggest that NW could promote a faster recovery and neuromuscular adaptations after training than SW. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect remain to be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sébastien Ratel
- AME2P, CRNH Auvergne, University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Céline Gryson
- AME2P, CRNH Auvergne, University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Aurélie Masgrau
- AME2P, CRNH Auvergne, University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Enzo Piponnier
- AME2P, CRNH Auvergne, University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yann Connan
- Lactalis Ingredients USA, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Florence Montel
- Clinical Nutrition, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Clément Lahaye
- Clinical Nutrition, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves Boirie
- Clinical Nutrition, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Human Nutrition Unit, INRA, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Martin
- AME2P, CRNH Auvergne, University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|