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Gantzer C, Huff D, Butterick B, Chalmers S, Marshall P, Lovell R, Siegler JC. Performing Lower-Limb Strength Exercises Before or After Training Does not Influence Fatigue Indices in Competitive Youth Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 2024:00124278-990000000-00497. [PMID: 39074218 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Gantzer, C, Huff, D, Butterick, B, Chalmers, S, Marshall, P, Lovell, R, and Siegler, JC. Performing lower-limb strength exercises before or after training does not influence fatigue indices in competitive youth soccer players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-A multicenter approach was used to conduct a controlled, laboratory-based study (Part A) in conjunction with an ecologically focused, field-based study (Part B) of the influence of timing on hamstring fatigue induced by lower-limb strength exercises. Part A required players to perform the FIFA 11+ warm-up before a simulated soccer training session, whereas the other session involved removing the lower-limb strength exercises from the warm-up and delivering them after the simulated session. For Part B, players completed 2 live training sessions, where one session included the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) as part of a standardized warm-up before training and the other session incorporated the NHE at the end of training. Maximal hamstring force (MVC), rate of force development (RFD), countermovement jump (CMJ), and sprint speed (SS) were assessed before, during, and after the simulation and field training, respectively, to quantify fatigue across both study cohorts. There was no suggestion that timing of the intervention had an influence fatigue in either Part A or B, with no condition (MVC [Part A & B]: p > 0.43; RFD: p = 0.43; CMJ: p = 0.10; SS: p = 0.62), time (MVC: p > 0.30; RFD: p = 0.72; CMJ: p = 0.87; SS: p = 0.85), or interactions (MVC: p > 0.93; RFD: p = 0.78; CMJ: p = 0.99; SS: p = 0.94) evident. Our findings suggest youth soccer coaches should not be concerned with the timing of interventions, allowing them to focus instead on adherence and player buy-in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carson Gantzer
- Integrative Human Performance Lab, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
- Neuro Force One, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Drake Huff
- Integrative Human Performance Lab, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
- Neuro Force One, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Brooke Butterick
- Integrative Human Performance Lab, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Samuel Chalmers
- UniSA Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Paul Marshall
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Auckland, Newmarket, Auckland, New Zealand; and
| | - Ric Lovell
- Exercise, Sports Science & Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Jason C Siegler
- Integrative Human Performance Lab, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
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Lindblom H, Hägglund M. Motivation and goal-pursuit for injury prevention training in amateur football coaches: a cross-sectional study using the Health Action Process Approach. Inj Prev 2024; 30:20-26. [PMID: 37696599 PMCID: PMC10850690 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-044978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adoption of injury prevention exercise programmes (IPEPs) in team sports is contingent on behaviour change among coaches. The aim was to study motivation and goal-pursuit in IPEP use among coaches of amateur football players. METHODS A cross-sectional study using web-based questionnaires was administered to coaches in one Swedish regional football district. The study was carried out one season after dissemination of the IPEP Knee Control+. The questionnaire was based on the Health Action Process Approach and covered perceptions and beliefs about using Knee Control+. Questions were rated on 1-7 Likert scales. RESULTS 440 coaches participated (response rate 32%). Coaches were neutral about injury risks (median 4-5) and knowledge about preventing injuries (median 5) but had positive outcome expectancies of preventive training (median 6). Coaches who had used an IPEP perceived they had more knowledge about preventing injuries than non-users (median 5 vs 4, small effect size d=0.43). Coaches who used Knee Control+ were positive about their practical ability to use it (median 6) and had high intention to prioritise continuous use (median 7). Highly adherent coaches to higher extent believed that specific training may prevent injuries and had plans for how to instruct the players and how to work around barriers compared with low adherent coaches. CONCLUSION Coaches need more knowledge and support on IPEP usage and how to structure training. Coaches who had adopted Knee Control+ had high belief in their abilities but may need constructive plans on how to use the programme and to overcome barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lindblom
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Martin Hägglund
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Unit of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Åkerlund I, Sonesson S, Lindblom H, Waldén M, Hägglund M. Perceptions, facilitators, and barriers regarding use of the injury prevention exercise programme Knee Control among players and coaches in youth floorball: a cross-sectional survey study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:56. [PMID: 37055800 PMCID: PMC10103405 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00660-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Youth participation in team ball sports is associated with a risk of both acute and gradual onset injuries but today there are several efficacious injury prevention exercise programmes (IPEPs). However, there is limited research about how to implement those programmes and the perceived barriers and facilitators among end-users. OBJECTIVE To investigate perceptions of the IPEP Knee Control and facilitators and barriers to programme use among coaches and youth floorball players, and explore factors associated with planned maintenance of Knee Control. METHODS This cross-sectional study is a sub-analysis of data from the intervention group of a cluster randomised controlled trial. Perceptions about Knee Control and facilitators and barriers to programme use were evaluated with surveys pre-intervention and post-season. 246 youth floorball players aged 12-17 years, and 35 coaches that reported no use of IPEPs during the preceding year were included. Descriptive statistics and univariate and multivariate ordinal logistic regression models were undertaken with the dependent variables: coaches' planned maintenance and players' opinions of maintenance of Knee Control. Independent variables were perceptions, facilitators and barriers regarding use of Knee Control and other potential influencing factors. RESULTS 88% of the players believed that Knee Control can reduce injury risk. Common facilitators to Knee Control use among coaches were support, education and high player motivation, and common barriers were that injury prevention training was time-consuming, lack of space to execute the exercises and lack of player motivation. Players who planned to maintain use of Knee Control had higher outcome expectancies and belief in one's ability to use Knee Control (action self-efficacy). Coaches who planned to maintain Knee Control had higher action self-efficacy and to a lesser extent considered that Knee Control takes too much time. CONCLUSIONS Support, education, and high player motivation are key facilitators, while lack of time and space for injury prevention training and boring exercises are key barriers for coaches and players to use Knee Control. High action self-efficacy among coaches and players seems to be a prerequisite for maintained use of IPEPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Åkerlund
- Unit of Physiotherapy, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, s-581 83, Linköping, Sweden.
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Sofi Sonesson
- Unit of Physiotherapy, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, s-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hanna Lindblom
- Unit of Physiotherapy, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, s-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Markus Waldén
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- GHP Ortho & Spine Center Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Martin Hägglund
- Unit of Physiotherapy, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, s-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
- Sport Without Injury ProgrammE (SWIPE), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Winstanley C, Reid D, Fulcher ML. Suggested improvements to the 11+ as identified by coaches, players, strength and conditioning staff and medical staff in New Zealand Football. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001463. [PMID: 37051575 PMCID: PMC10083849 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the experience with the 11+, attitudes towards injury prevention, and potential improvements to the 11+ and the delivery of injury prevention strategies within football. A qualitative study design was used to investigate the views of four stakeholder groups (players, coaches, strength and conditioning staff and clinicians). Twenty-two adults participated (nine women; median age 35.5 years). Participants were purposively recruited and were based in New Zealand. They represented various levels of football, including different genders, ages and levels of play. Focus group interviews were conducted, which were recorded, transcribed and subject to thematic analysis. Four key themes were identified: understanding of the 11+ injury prevention warm-up, content of an ideal injury prevention programme, structure of the programme and education, adherence and dissemination. The study found that while participants appeared to have good awareness of the existing 11+ programme and an interest in injury prevention, adherence and enthusiasm towards the programme was limited. Participants highlighted a number of elements that may help shape the development of a new injury prevention strategy, including a desire to retain many of the elements of the 11+ and to have a proven programme. Participants wanted greater variety, more football-specific elements and to implement a new strategy throughout a session, rather than being seen as a stand-alone warm-up. Whether the intervention should also include strength-based exercises, or whether this should be promoted outside of a football training session, was less certain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Winstanley
- Sports Medicine, Australasian College of Sport and Exercise Physicians, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Duncan Reid
- Department of Physiotherapy, AUT, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mark L Fulcher
- Sports Medicine, Axis Sports Medicine, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Zein MI, Reurink G, Verhagen E, Kerkhoffs GMMJ, van der Horst N, Goedhart E, Anggunadi A, Knapstad A, Andersen TE, Ishøi L, Hølmich P, Tol JL. Study on Hamstring Re-injury Prevention (SHARP): protocol for an international multicentre, randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e065816. [PMID: 36375976 PMCID: PMC9664273 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies showed that the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) effectively prevents primary hamstring injury. However, no study investigated the secondary preventing effect of the NHE on hamstring reinjury. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the NHE for preventing hamstring reinjury after return to play (RTP) following a hamstring injury in football players. The secondary purpose is to determine the effect of the NHE on sprint and jump performance. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is an international multicentre, prospective, parallel-group randomised controlled trial study. Subjects include male or female football players aged 18-40 years and within 1 week of RTP following a hamstring injury will be randomised into Nordics or a control group. Subjects in both groups continue their regular football training, but the Nordics group will perform an additional NHE programme. An online questionnaire will be sent to the subjects in both groups once per week within the first 10 weeks, then continued at months 6, 9 and 12. In a (performance) substudy, we will evaluate the effect of the NHE on sprint and vertical jump performance at three time points (at the beginning of the study, after 10 weeks and 12 months of follow-up).The primary outcomes are the incidence of hamstring reinjury within 2 and 12 months. The secondary outcomes are sprint and jump performance, adherence to the programme, duration of reinjury and reinjury burden. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study is approved by the medical ethics committee of Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) in the Netherlands (METC 2021_117), Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gadjah Mada in Indonesia (KE/FK/1248/EC/2021), Norwegian School of Sport Sciences in Norway (number 216-2 70 122) and Denmark (ethical submission in process). The study's findings will be disseminated in scientific peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NL9711.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ikhwan Zein
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Faculty of Sports Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Gustaaf Reurink
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Academic Center for Evidence Based Sports Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Center, Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gino M M J Kerkhoffs
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Academic Center for Evidence Based Sports Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Edwin Goedhart
- FIFA Medical Center, Royal Netherlands Football Association, KNVB, Zeist, Netherlands
| | - Angelica Anggunadi
- Sports Medicine Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Central Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Anders Knapstad
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Einar Andersen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian FA Medical Center, The Football Association of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lasse Ishøi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hvidovre Hospital Sports Orthopedic Research Center Copenhagen (SORC-C), Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Per Hølmich
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hvidovre Hospital Sports Orthopedic Research Center Copenhagen (SORC-C), Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Johannes L Tol
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Academic Center for Evidence Based Sports Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Sports Medicine Department, Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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Stensø J, Andersen TE, Harøy J. Adductor Strengthening Programme is successfully adopted but frequently modified in Norwegian male professional football teams: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060611. [PMID: 36437510 PMCID: PMC9454074 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Groin injuries represent a substantial problem in male football, with the Adductor Strengthening Programme (ASP) being the only exercise programme demonstrated to significantly reduce the risk of groin problems. We aimed first, to use the Reach Adoption Effectiveness Implementation Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework to investigate attitudes, beliefs and behaviour to the ASP among primary delivery agents of injury prevention exercises in Norwegian male professional football teams. Second, we aimed to identify a real-world application of the ASP protocol used in a professional team setting. DESIGN A descriptive cross-sectional survey, using a questionnaire designed to cover all five dimensions of the RE-AIM framework. SETTING The top two divisions of Norwegian male professional football. PARTICIPANTS 32 primary injury prevention delivery agents. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Primarily, the proportion of respondents being aware of the ASP and its effect; having adopted it; having implemented it as intended; and considering maintaining using it. Secondary, the most often used ASP modifications. RESULTS Twenty-nine (91%) participants responded. All (100%) respondents were aware of the ASP and its injury preventive effect. The two most stated reasons for using the ASP were its injury preventive effect and that it does not require equipment. The ASP was adopted by all (100%) delivery agents, but only 10% used it in accordance with the original protocol. The main modifications were that the players in 72% of the teams were instructed to perform a non-progressive number of repetitions during pre-season, and in 86% of the teams instructed to perform more sets, but fewer repetitions per set, during in season. In total, 97% of the delivery agents planned to continue using the ASP. CONCLUSION The delivery agents have positive attitudes and beliefs to the ASP, but they frequently modify it. We identified and reported a real-world application of the ASP protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joakim Stensø
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Einar Andersen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Medical Clinic, Norwegian FA, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joar Harøy
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Medical Clinic, Norwegian FA, Oslo, Norway
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High compliance with the injury prevention exercise programme Knee Control is associated with a greater injury preventive effect in male, but not in female, youth floorball players. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022; 30:1480-1490. [PMID: 34213586 PMCID: PMC9007760 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-021-06644-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluate team and player compliance with the Knee Control injury prevention exercise programme, study the association between player compliance and injury rates, and compare coach demographics, baseline prevention expectancies, and programme utilisation between teams with high and low compliance. METHODS Prospective one-season cohort study based on a cluster randomised controlled trial on 301 (107 female) floorball players aged 12-17 years. Floorball exposure and injuries were self-reported weekly by players using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center questionnaire. Team and player compliance to Knee Control was reported monthly by coaches. Additionally, coaches answered pre- and post-season surveys. Teams were divided into a high (≥ 80%) or low (< 80%) compliance group based on their use of Knee Control during the season. Players were divided into three compliance groups based on their average weekly number of Knee Control sessions; high (≥ 2 sessions), intermediate (≥ 1 to < 2 sessions), and low dose (< 1 session). RESULTS Mean team compliance for the high and low compliance groups were 95% (range 82-100) and 50% (range 13-66), respectively. Mean ± SD weekly Knee Control dose in the three player compliance groups were 2.4 ± 0.3, 1.4 ± 0.3, and 0.7 ± 0.3 sessions, respectively. There were no differences in total injury incidence between the player compliance groups, but players in the high-dose group had a 35% lower prevalence of injuries overall [adjusted prevalence rate ratio (PRR) 0.65, 95% CI 0.48-0.89] and 60% lower prevalence of substantial injuries (adjusted PRR 0.40, 95% CI 0.26-0.61) compared with the low-dose group. Male players in the high-dose group had consistently lower injury incidence and prevalence, while no between compliance group differences were seen in female players. There were no differences in sex, years of coaching experience, or baseline prevention expectancies in general between coaches for teams in the high vs. low compliance groups, but teams in the high compliance group had a better utilisation fidelity. CONCLUSION There was a clear dose-response relationship between more frequent Knee Control use and lower injury rates in male floorball players, but not in female players. Teams with higher compliance also showed a better utilisation fidelity with the programme. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II.
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Barden C, Stokes KA, McKay CD. Implementation of the Activate injury prevention exercise programme in English schoolboy rugby union. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 7:e001018. [PMID: 34012555 PMCID: PMC8098930 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-001018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The implementation of the Activate injury prevention exercise programme has not been assessed in an applied context. This study aimed to (1) describe the knowledge and perceptions of school rugby coaches and players towards injury risk, prevention and Activate and (2) evaluate Activate implementation in schoolboy rugby using the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance framework. Methods Bespoke electronic surveys were administered to coaches (including support staff) and players at participating English schools (2018–2020). Most questions and statements were answered using a 7-point Likert scale. At baseline, participants detailed their Activate awareness and perceptions of injury risk and prevention in schoolboy rugby. At postseason, participants reported Activate use throughout the study and their perceptions towards the programme. Results At baseline, significant differences existed between coaches (n=106) and players (n=571) in Activate awareness (75% and 13% respectively; χ2=173.5, p<0.001). Coaches perceived rugby had a significantly greater injury risk than players, while holding more positive perceptions towards injury prevention. At postseason, coaches reported greater Activate adoption compared with players (76% and 18% respectively; χ2=41.8, p<0.001); 45% of players were unaware if they used the programme. Median session adherence was twice weekly, with a median duration of 10–15 min. This suggests Activate was not implemented as intended, with recommendations of three 20 min sessions per week. Both groups identified common barriers to implementation, such as lack of time and inclusion of a ball. Conclusion Coaches are instrumental in the decision to implement Activate. Targeting behavioural change in these individuals is likely to have the greatest impact on intervention uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Barden
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Keith A Stokes
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,Rugby Football Union, Twickenham, London, UK
| | - Carly D McKay
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,Centre for Motivation and Health Behaviour Change, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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Dawkins J, Ishøi L, Willott JO, Andersen LL, Thorborg K. Effects of a low‐dose Copenhagen adduction exercise intervention on adduction strength in sub‐elite male footballers: A randomised controlled trial. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Dawkins
- Department for Health University of Bath Bath UK
| | - Lasse Ishøi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Sports Orthopaedic Research Centre Copenhagen University Hospital Amager‐Hvidovre Denmark
| | | | - Lars L. Andersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Kristian Thorborg
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Sports Orthopaedic Research Centre Copenhagen University Hospital Amager‐Hvidovre Denmark
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