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Kaliszewski K, Makles S, Frątczak A, Kisiel M, Lipska P, Stebel A. Patient Perceptions of Medical Students' Involvement in Clinical Classes: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Patient Prefer Adherence 2024; 18:301-313. [PMID: 38327727 PMCID: PMC10849151 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s444797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction A crucial aspect of the education of prospective medical professionals is their interaction with patients. The study aimed to explore patients' perspectives on the interaction between medical students and themselves. It sought to understand how patients perceive this dynamic within clinical classes. The goal was to gather insights into the most favorable behavior and demeanor of medical students during these sessions, with the overarching objective of enhancing patient comfort. Material and Methods The authors collected a total of 403 surveys from patients of a teaching hospital, regarding their perception of students as healthcare providers. The participants ranged in age from 18 to 92. 53.83% of the participants were female, and 46.17% were male. The surveys were collected between April 8th, 2022, and August 10th, 2022. The results of the anonymous survey undergone statistical analyses using the Mann‒Whitney U-test for comparing two groups and the Kruskal‒Wallis test for comparing more than two groups, because the Shapiro‒Wilk test indicated that the data did not follow a normal distribution. Results The study delved into patients' assessments of students' external presentation, adherence to behavioral norms, empathetic qualities, consideration during intimate examinations, and preferences for the organization of clinical classes. Our research indicates notable differences in responses based on age. Specifically, the senior demographic prioritizes students' external presentation, communication and the utilization of courteous language more often than younger individuals (p<0.05). Attendees exhibit varying levels of interest in participating in educational sessions with students based on the ward. Significantly, individuals in the gynecology ward display the least enthusiasm for engagement (p<0.05). Notably, the majority of patients perceive their involvement in the education of future healthcare professionals to be essential (83.38%). Conclusion The study found that generally, patients voluntarily engage in educational classes with students. The relationship between patients and students is amicable, and the majority of students display a respectful demeanor toward patients. Nonetheless, preserving patient confidentiality and ensuring the proper management of classes remain persistent issues. This is particularly crucial, especially when the clinical classes pertain to intimate and personal health matters of a patient. Upholding and enriching the organization of such sessions, along with the attentiveness and knowledge of medical students regarding patient comfort, assumes heightened significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kaliszewski
- Department of General, Minimally Invasive and Endocrine Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, 50-556, Poland
| | - Szymon Makles
- Department of General, Minimally Invasive and Endocrine Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, 50-556, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Frątczak
- Department of General, Minimally Invasive and Endocrine Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, 50-556, Poland
| | - Michał Kisiel
- Department of General, Minimally Invasive and Endocrine Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, 50-556, Poland
| | - Patrycja Lipska
- Department of General, Minimally Invasive and Endocrine Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, 50-556, Poland
| | - Agata Stebel
- Department of General, Minimally Invasive and Endocrine Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, 50-556, Poland
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Bittencourt RC, de Paula SBS, Pinto LCN, Magno MB, Lucas Alves J, Pithon MM, Araújo MTDS. Patient perception of orthodontists with different stereotypes: development, psychometric properties, and application of an assessment instrument. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2023; 163:825-834. [PMID: 36732091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2022.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This research aimed to develop and validate a questionnaire that considers social judgments and, through its application, assesses whether the presence of piercings, tattoos, beards, and loose hair visible in the face and neck region reflect on the patient perception regarding characteristics of the orthodontist's professional scope. METHODS The developed questionnaire had its psychometric properties evaluated and was applied to 220 young people and adults, aged 18-70 years, who responded according to their perception of 12 manipulated images of orthodontists with different stereotypes, considering the following items: hygiene, care, punctuality, experience and knowledge in orthodontics. RESULTS The developed questionnaire showed high acceptability, confirmed reliability and validity of the construct, and satisfactory internal consistency. The stereotype interfered with the perception of professionalism (P <0.01), in which the orthodontist with combined characteristics (beard/loose hair, piercing, earrings, and tattoo) obtained the lowest mean scores, both for each item of the questionnaire individually (P <0.01) and in total (P <0.01). Health professional (P = 0.427) and educational level (P = 0.285) status did not influence the perception; however, there was a significant difference for the age groups (P = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS The developed questionnaire proved to be valid and reliable for application. Orthodontists with piercings and tattoos on the face and neck were considered less professional. Being a health professional and educational level status did not influence the perception. However, older subjects (aged 51-70 years) were more critical in judging stereotypes than younger subjects (aged 18-30 years).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Cunha Bittencourt
- Department of Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Sarah Braga Sayão de Paula
- Department of Orthodontics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marcela Baraúna Magno
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jural Lucas Alves
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Matheus Melo Pithon
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Department of Health I, School of Dentistry, Southwest Bahia State University, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
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Brown CA, Badger K, Reid MD, Westacott R, Gurnell M, Reed MWR, Chamberlain G, Hatfield E, Sharif A, Sam AH. The influence of candidates' physical attributes on patient ratings in simulated assessments of clinical practice. MEDICAL TEACHER 2022; 44:1277-1282. [PMID: 35820076 PMCID: PMC9612930 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2022.2093177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that clinical examiners' scoring is not negatively impacted when a candidate has a tattoo, unnatural hair colour, or a regional accent. We investigated whether these physical attributes in exam candidates impact patient scoring. METHODS Simulated/real patients were randomly assigned to watch five videos of simulated candidate performances of a cranial nerve examination: clear fail, borderline, good, 'clear pass' without an attribute, and 'clear pass' with one of the attributes (tattoo, purple hair, accent). Participants scored domains of communication and professionalism. We compared scores for the clear pass candidates with and without attributes. RESULTS One hundred and eighty three patients participated. The total scores for the candidates with tattoos and purple hair were higher than the candidate with no physical attribute (p < 0.001). For the candidate with a Liverpool English accent no difference was identified (p = 0.120). CONCLUSIONS The presence of certain physical attributes (tattoos or purple hair) was associated with higher scores given by patients to candidates in a simulated physical examination station.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. A. Brown
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK
| | - K. Badger
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M. D. Reid
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - R. Westacott
- Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M. Gurnell
- Wellcome–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - M. W. R. Reed
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - G. Chamberlain
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - E. Hatfield
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A. Sharif
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A. H. Sam
- Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Bea Duric
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
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Rosario N, Wollen J. Tatted not tattered. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 2022; 62:1538-1541. [PMID: 35842298 DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tattoos are common practice in underrepresented groups. However, institutional policies often prohibit visible tattoos of health professionals. This affects marginalized groups where tattoos may be the cultural norm. There are conflicting findings on perceptions of tattoos on medical professionals from the perspectives of peers, patients, and learners. Tattoo restriction can be discriminatory against already marginalized persons and sends a message of exclusion. Policies surrounding tattoo restriction should be re-evaluated to create an inclusive environment for all.
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Kaufmann L, Armstrong ML. The Influence of Tattoos on Health Care Experiences. J Contin Educ Nurs 2022; 53:178-184. [PMID: 35357993 DOI: 10.3928/00220124-20220311-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Tattoos are an artistic, visible reflection of an individual's personality and life. According to Goffman and subcultural identity theory, the population with tattoos wants to be different from mainstream society. Method A qualitative descriptive phenomenological research process was used. Results Twelve participants described deep personal identity connections to their large, visible tattoos. They experienced positive reactions (n = 2, 16%), no reaction/acknowledgment (n = 7, 58%), or negative reactions (n = 3, 25%) from health care providers. Conclusion Comments made by health care providers tend to be remembered regardless of the context and can contribute to health and care disparities. Participants who received negative reactions to their tattoos switched providers. Those who received no reactions could have felt insignificant. Ongoing culturally sensitive education is important. Tattoos can start meaningful conversations that allow health care providers to gain valuable insight. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2022;53(4):178-184.].
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Kohler JE, Riggle KM, Fallat ME. It's the message not the medium: Ethics in pediatric surgery communication. Semin Pediatr Surg 2021; 30:151099. [PMID: 34635281 DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2021.151099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
New communication technologies and generational differences in communication techniques create ethical challenges for pediatric surgeons. Using two hypothetical cases we explore the ethics of modern communication in pediatric surgery. The first case explores the ethics of text messaging with patients and families and of social media posts, both of which have useful ethical analogues in older communication technologies. The second case explores ways that generational experiential differences in learning can foster misunderstandings between team members at different levels of training and potentially impact important medical care decisions. The ethical rules that govern the delivery of patient care also apply to what we say and how we say it. Effective, ethical and compassionate communication will often be the aspect of therapy most appreciated by the patient and family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Kohler
- Division of Pediatric General, Thoracic and Fetal Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California - Davis, University of California - Davis Children's Hospital, Sacramento, CA, United States.
| | - Kevin M Riggle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Hiram J. Polk Jr. Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Mary E Fallat
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, The Hiram J. Polk Jr. Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Norton Children's Hospital, Louisville, KY, United States
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Assessing Undergraduates' Perception of Risks Related to Body Art in Italy: The SUPeRBA Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179233. [PMID: 34501822 PMCID: PMC8431427 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Tattooing and piercing may lead to health complications. The present multicenter cross-sectional study aimed to assess awareness and knowledge of health risks related to body art and to identify their possible determinants among a large sample of undergraduates in Italy. A web-based questionnaire collecting information on socio-demographic characteristics, awareness, knowledge, and some potential predictors was administered to undergraduates attending twelve Italian universities. The level of knowledge was expressed as the number of correct answers (0-11 for tattooing, 0-14 for piercing). A total of 2985 participants (mean age 23.15 ± 3.99, 73.9% F) participated in the study. Although 95.4% of the respondents were aware of possible health consequences of body art, a low level of specific knowledge was registered for both tattooing (mean number of correct answers 5.38 ± 2.39) and piercing (5.93 ± 3.12) consequences. Lower knowledge was associated with the attendance of non-life science course and with lower duration of academic education for both tattoo and piercing. Lower knowledge of tattooing risks was related with commuter status, while lower knowledge of piercing risks was associated with lower father's education. These findings highlight the need to enhance information campaigns targeted to youths to increase their awareness of possible health risk of body art.
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Nease B, Hester SW, Cassada AM, Stowers C, Fisher G. Patients' perceptions of care provided by nurses with visible tattoos. Nurs Manag (Harrow) 2021; 52:44-50. [PMID: 33633012 DOI: 10.1097/01.numa.0000731940.09795.a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beth Nease
- Beth Nease is an assistant professor of nursing at Western Carolina University in Cullowhee, N.C., and a nurse scientist at Bon Secours Mercy Health System in Richmond, Va. Susan W. Hester is an assistant professor of nursing at Western Carolina University. Aileen M. Cassada is a Magnet coordinator at Centra Southside Community Hospital in Farmville, Va., and clinical faculty at Southside Virginia Community College in Petersburg, Va. Curtis Stowers is a clinical nurse specialist at Centra Southside Community Hospital and clinical faculty at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Va. Garrett Fisher is an instructor of Spanish and education at Western Carolina University
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Laskin DM, Sabti F, Carrico CK. Patients' Attitudes Toward Tattooed Practitioners. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 79:277-278. [PMID: 33159844 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2020.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Laskin
- Professor and Chairman Emeritus, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, VA.
| | - Firas Sabti
- Dental Student, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, VA
| | - Caroline K Carrico
- Associate Professor, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Public Health and Policy, Oral Health Services Research Core, VCU Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Affiliate Associate Professor, Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
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