1
|
Rocamora F, Peralta AG, Shin S, Sorrentino J, Wu MYM, Toth EA, Fuerst TR, Lewis NE. Glycosylation shapes the efficacy and safety of diverse protein, gene and cell therapies. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108206. [PMID: 37354999 PMCID: PMC11168894 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Over recent decades, therapeutic proteins have had widespread success in treating a myriad of diseases. Glycosylation, a near universal feature of this class of drugs, is a critical quality attribute that significantly influences the physical properties, safety profile and biological activity of therapeutic proteins. Optimizing protein glycosylation, therefore, offers an important avenue to developing more efficacious therapies. In this review, we discuss specific examples of how variations in glycan structure and glycoengineering impacts the stability, safety, and clinical efficacy of protein-based drugs that are already in the market as well as those that are still in preclinical development. We also highlight the impact of glycosylation on next generation biologics such as T cell-based cancer therapy and gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frances Rocamora
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Angelo G Peralta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Seunghyeon Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - James Sorrentino
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mina Ying Min Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Eric A Toth
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Thomas R Fuerst
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Nathan E Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ochsenreither S, Fiedler WM, Conte GD, Macchini M, Matos I, Habel B, Ahrens-Fath I, Raspagliesi F, Lorusso D, Keilholz U, Rolling C, Kebenko M, Klinghammer KF, Saavedra O, Baumeister H, Zurlo A, Garralda E. Safety and preliminary activity results of the GATTO study, a phase Ib study combining the anti-TA-MUC1 antibody gatipotuzumab with the anti-EGFR tomuzotuximab in patients with refractory solid tumors. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100447. [PMID: 35397434 PMCID: PMC9058922 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phase I GATTO study (NCT03360734) explored the feasibility, tolerability and preliminary activity of combining gatipotuzumab, a novel humanized monoclonal antibody binding to the tumor-associated epitope of mucin 1 (TA-MUC1) and an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) antibody in refractory solid tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Initially the study enrolled primary phase (PP) patients with EGFR-positive metastatic solid tumors, for whom no standard treatment was available. Patients received gatipotuzumab administered at 1400 mg every 2 weeks, 6 weeks after the start of the glyco-optimized anti-EGFR antibody tomuzotuximab at 1200 mg every 2 weeks. As this regimen was proven safe, enrollment continued in an expansion phase (EP) of patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer, head and neck cancer and breast cancer. Tomuzotuximab and gatipotuzumab were given at the same doses and gatipotuzumab treatment started 1 week after the first dose of the anti-EGFR antibody. Additionally, investigators could use a commercial anti-EGFR antibody in place of tomuzotuximab. RESULTS A total of 52 patients were enrolled, 20 in the PP and 32 in the EP. The combined treatment was well tolerated and no dose-limiting toxicity was observed in the whole study, nor related serious adverse event or death. Preliminary activity of the combination was observed, with one and four RECIST partial responses in the PP and EP, all in colorectal cancer patients. The trial was accompanied by a comprehensive translational research program for identification of biomarkers, including soluble TA-MUC1 (sTA-MUC1) in serum. In the EP, patients with baseline sTA-MUC1 levels above the median appeared to have improved progression-free survival and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Combination of a TA-MUC1-targeting antibody and an EGFR-targeting antibody is safe and feasible. Interesting antitumor activity was observed in heavily pretreated patients. Future studies should test this combination together with chemotherapy and explore the potential of sTA-MUC1 as a companion biomarker for further development of the combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ochsenreither
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Berlin, Germany; Charité, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Berlin, Germany.
| | - W M Fiedler
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hubertus-Wald University Cancer Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G D Conte
- Fondazione IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - M Macchini
- Fondazione IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - I Matos
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Habel
- Glycotope GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - F Raspagliesi
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - D Lorusso
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - U Keilholz
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - C Rolling
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hubertus-Wald University Cancer Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Kebenko
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hubertus-Wald University Cancer Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - K F Klinghammer
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Berlin, Germany; Charité, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - O Saavedra
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - A Zurlo
- Glycotope GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - E Garralda
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Klinghammer K, Fayette J, Kawecki A, Dietz A, Schafhausen P, Folprecht G, Rottey S, Debourdeau P, Lavernia J, Jacobs A, Ahrens-Fath I, Dietrich B, Baumeister H, Zurlo A, Ochsenreither S, Keilholz U. A randomized phase II study comparing the efficacy and safety of the glyco-optimized anti-EGFR antibody tomuzotuximab against cetuximab in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell cancer of the head and neck - the RESGEX study. ESMO Open 2021; 6:100242. [PMID: 34482179 PMCID: PMC8424211 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the RESGEX study was to compare the efficacy and safety of the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) antibody tomuzotuximab against cetuximab both in combination with chemotherapy in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell cancer of the head and neck in the first-line treatment. Patients and methods In this phase II trial 240 patients were equally randomized for six cycles to receive either tomuzotuximab (initial dose 990 mg then 720 mg) weekly and cisplatin 100 mg/m2 and fluorouracil (5-FU; 1000 mg/m2/day, days 1-4) every 3 weeks or cetuximab (400 mg/m2 subsequent 250 mg/m2) weekly with the same chemotherapeutic backbone followed by antibody maintenance treatment. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival. Results Median progression-free survival was 6.5 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 5.9-7.9 months] in the tomuzotuximab group and 6.2 months (95% CI 5.8-7.3 months) in the cetuximab group (P = 0.86). The median overall survival (OS) estimate was 11.6 months (95% CI 9.5-17.2 months) in the tomuzotuximab group and 13.8 months (95% CI 12.3-16.4 months) in the cetuximab group (P = 0.96). In an exploratory analysis a small subgroup of p16-positive patients had a significantly longer OS compared with p16-negative patients (hazard ratio 1.860, 95% CI 1.09-3.16, P = 0.02). Conclusions The glyco-engineered antibody tomuzotuximab failed to demonstrate improved efficacy with a chemotherapeutic backbone in the first-line treatment of recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. It remains a so far unanswered question whether such antibody would partner better with different drugs such as checkpoint inhibitors. Tomuzotuximab has a potential higher antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity than other EGFR-directed antibodies. Comparison of two anti-EGFR antibodies combined with chemotherapy in patients with squamous cell cancer of head and neck. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of tomuzotuximab and cetuximab in combination with chemotherapy were similar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Klinghammer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Berlin, Germany.
| | - J Fayette
- Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - A Kawecki
- Cancer Center-Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Dietz
- University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Outpatient Chemotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - P Schafhausen
- Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Folprecht
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - S Rottey
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - A Zurlo
- Glycotope GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Ochsenreither
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - U Keilholz
- Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wingert S, Reusch U, Knackmuss S, Kluge M, Damrat M, Pahl J, Schniegler-Mattox U, Mueller T, Fucek I, Ellwanger K, Tesar M, Haneke T, Koch J, Treder M, Fischer W, Rajkovic E. Preclinical evaluation of AFM24, a novel CD16A-specific innate immune cell engager targeting EGFR-positive tumors. MAbs 2021; 13:1950264. [PMID: 34325617 PMCID: PMC8331026 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1950264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted cancer therapy such as anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors have demonstrated clinical efficacy. However, there remains a medical need addressing limitations of these therapies, which include a narrow therapeutic window mainly due to skin and organ toxicity, and primary and secondary resistance mechanisms of the EGFR-signaling cascade (e.g., RAS-mutated colorectal cancer). Using the redirected optimized cell killing (ROCK®) antibody platform, we have developed AFM24, a novel bispecific, IgG1-scFv fusion antibody targeting CD16A on innate immune cells, and EGFR on tumor cells. We herein demonstrate binding of AFM24 to CD16A on natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages with KD values in the low nanomolar range and to various EGFR-expressing tumor cells. AFM24 was highly potent and effective for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity via NK cells, and also mediated antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis via macrophages in vitro. Importantly, AFM24 was effective toward a variety of EGFR-expressing tumor cells, regardless of EGFR expression level and KRAS/BRAF mutational status. In vivo, AFM24 was well tolerated up to the highest dose (75 mg/kg) when administered to cynomolgus monkeys once weekly for 28 days. Notably, skin and other toxicities were not observed. A transient elevation of interleukin-6 levels was detected at all dose levels, 2-4 hours post-dose, which returned to baseline levels after 24 hours. These results emphasize the promise of bispecific innate cell engagers as an alternative cancer therapy and demonstrate the potential for AFM24 to effectively target tumors expressing varying levels of EGFR, regardless of their mutational status.Abbreviations: ADA: antidrug antibody; ADCC: antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity; ADCP: antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis; AUC: area under the curve; CAR: chimeric-antigen receptor; CD: Cluster of differentiation; CRC :colorectal cancer; ECD: extracellular domain; EGF: epidermal growth factorEGFR epidermal growth factor receptor; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; FACS: fluorescence-activated cell sorting; Fc: fragment, crystallizableFv variable fragment; HNSCC: head and neck squamous carcinomaIL interleukinm; Ab monoclonal antibody; MOA: mechanism of action; NK :natural killer; NSCLC: non-small cell lung cancer; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cell; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PD: pharmacodynamic; ROCK: redirected optimized cell killing; RSV: respiratory syncytial virus; SABC: specific antibody binding capacity; SD: standard deviation; TAM: tumor-associated macrophage; TKI: tyrosine kinase inhibitor; WT: wildtype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Uwe Reusch
- Research & Development, Affimed GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Michael Kluge
- Research & Development, Affimed GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Damrat
- Research & Development, Affimed GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Pahl
- Research & Development, Affimed GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Mueller
- Research & Development, Affimed GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ivica Fucek
- Research & Development, Affimed GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Michael Tesar
- Research & Development, Affimed GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Torsten Haneke
- Research & Development, Affimed GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Koch
- Research & Development, Affimed GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Treder
- Formerly Affimed GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany. Now: Arjuna Therapeutics, Santiago De Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Erich Rajkovic
- Research & Development, Affimed GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Solans BP, Garrido MJ, Trocóniz IF. Drug Exposure to Establish Pharmacokinetic-Response Relationships in Oncology. Clin Pharmacokinet 2021; 59:123-135. [PMID: 31654368 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-019-00828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the oncology field, understanding the relationship between the dose administered and the exerted effect is particularly important because of the narrow therapeutic index associated with anti-cancer drugs and the high interpatient variability. Therefore, in this review, we provide a critical perspective of the different methods of characterising treatment exposure in the oncology setting. The increasing number of modelling applications in oncology reflects the applicability and the impact of pharmacometrics on all phases of the drug development process and patient management as well. Pharmacometric modelling is a worthy component within the current paradigm of model-based drug development, but pharmacometric modelling techniques are also accessible for the clinician in the optimisation of current oncology therapies. Consequently, the application of population models in a hospital setting by generating close collaborations between physicians and pharmacometricians is highly recommended, providing a systematic means of developing and assessing model-based metrics as 'drivers' for various responses to treatments, which can then be evaluated as predictors for treatment success. Characterising the key determinants of variability in exposure is of particular importance for anticancer agents, as efficacy and toxicity are associated with exposure. We present the different strategies to describe and predict drug exposure that can be applied depending on the data available, with the objective of obtaining the most useful information in the patients' favour throughout the full drug cycle. Therefore, the objective of the present article is to review the different approaches used to characterise a patient's exposure to oncology drugs, which will result in a better understanding of the time course of the response and the magnitude of interpatient variability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belén P Solans
- Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea s/n, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain. .,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - María Jesús Garrido
- Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea s/n, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñaki F Trocóniz
- Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Navarra, C/Irunlarrea s/n, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain. .,Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gong Y, Klein Wolterink RGJ, Gulaia V, Cloosen S, Ehlers FAI, Wieten L, Graus YF, Bos GMJ, Germeraad WTV. Defucosylation of Tumor-Specific Humanized Anti-MUC1 Monoclonal Antibody Enhances NK Cell-Mediated Anti-Tumor Cell Cytotoxicity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112579. [PMID: 34070311 PMCID: PMC8197514 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Antibodies with their high specificity to antigens have been widely used in cancer immunotherapy. Natural killer (NK) cells are a group of innate immune cells which have strong cytotoxicity against cancerous cells, virus infected cells, or transformed cells. NK cells express abundant Fc receptors that can bind tumor-specific antibodies, thus allowing them to precisely redirect and eliminate cancer cells. In this study, we demonstrated that NK cells cytotoxicity toward MUC1-positive hematologic and solid tumor can be further enhanced by a humanized 5E5 anti-MUC1 antibody. Furthermore, Fc defucosylation of the antibodies further boosted the kill capacity of NK cells. We believe that our humanized anti-MUC1 antibody is a promising therapeutic candidate for clinical cancer treatment. Abstract Antibodies are commonly used in cancer immunotherapy because of their high specificity for tumor-associated antigens. The binding of antibodies can have direct effects on tumor cells but also engages natural killer (NK) cells via their Fc receptor. Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a highly glycosylated protein expressed in normal epithelial cells, while the under-glycosylated MUC1 epitope (MUC1-Tn/STn) is only expressed on malignant cells, making it an interesting diagnostic and therapeutic target. Several anti-MUC1 antibodies have been tested for therapeutic applications in solid tumors thus far without clinical success. Herein, we describe the generation of fully humanized antibodies based on the murine 5E5 antibody, targeting the tumor-specific MUC1-Tn/STn epitope. We confirmed that these antibodies specifically recognize tumor-associated MUC1 epitopes and can activate human NK cells in vitro. Defucosylation of these newly developed anti-MUC1 antibodies further enhanced antigen-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by NK cells. We show that endocytosis inhibitors augment the availability of MUC1-Tn/STn epitopes on tumor cells but do not further enhance ADCC in NK cells. Collectively, this study describes novel fully humanized anti-MUC1 antibodies that, especially after defucosylation, are promising therapeutic candidates for cellular immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.G.); (R.G.J.K.W.); (V.G.); (F.A.I.E.); (G.M.J.B.)
- GROW—School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 GT Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Roel G. J. Klein Wolterink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.G.); (R.G.J.K.W.); (V.G.); (F.A.I.E.); (G.M.J.B.)
- GROW—School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 GT Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Valeriia Gulaia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.G.); (R.G.J.K.W.); (V.G.); (F.A.I.E.); (G.M.J.B.)
- GROW—School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 GT Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Silvie Cloosen
- CiMaas BV, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.C.); (Y.F.G.)
| | - Femke A. I. Ehlers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.G.); (R.G.J.K.W.); (V.G.); (F.A.I.E.); (G.M.J.B.)
- GROW—School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 GT Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Wieten
- GROW—School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 GT Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Tissue Typing Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yvo F. Graus
- CiMaas BV, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.C.); (Y.F.G.)
| | - Gerard M. J. Bos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.G.); (R.G.J.K.W.); (V.G.); (F.A.I.E.); (G.M.J.B.)
- GROW—School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 GT Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- CiMaas BV, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.C.); (Y.F.G.)
| | - Wilfred T. V. Germeraad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (Y.G.); (R.G.J.K.W.); (V.G.); (F.A.I.E.); (G.M.J.B.)
- GROW—School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 GT Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- CiMaas BV, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.C.); (Y.F.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-43-3884231
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Laible G, Cole S, Brophy B, Maclean P, How Chen L, Pollock DP, Cavacini L, Fournier N, De Romeuf C, Masiello NC, Gavin WG, Wells DN, Meade HM. Transgenic goats producing an improved version of cetuximab in milk. FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:638-652. [PMID: 33205005 PMCID: PMC7655094 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent one of the most important classes of pharmaceutical proteins to treat human diseases. Most are produced in cultured mammalian cells which is expensive, limiting their availability. Goats, striking a good balance between a relatively short generation time and copious milk yield, present an alternative platform for the cost-effective, flexible, large-scale production of therapeutic mAbs. Here, we focused on cetuximab, a mAb against epidermal growth factor receptor, that is commercially produced under the brand name Erbitux and approved for anti-cancer treatments. We generated several transgenic goat lines that produce cetuximab in their milk. Two lines were selected for detailed characterization. Both showed stable genotypes and cetuximab production levels of up to 10 g/L. The mAb could be readily purified and showed improved characteristics compared to Erbitux. The goat-produced cetuximab (gCetuximab) lacked a highly immunogenic epitope that is part of Erbitux. Moreover, it showed enhanced binding to CD16 and increased antibody-dependent cell-dependent cytotoxicity compared to Erbitux. This indicates that these goats produce an improved cetuximab version with the potential for enhanced effectiveness and better safety profile compared to treatments with Erbitux. In addition, our study validates transgenic goats as an excellent platform for large-scale production of therapeutic mAbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Götz Laible
- AgResearchRuakura Research CentreHamiltonNew Zealand
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular BiodiscoveryAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Sally Cole
- AgResearchRuakura Research CentreHamiltonNew Zealand
| | - Brigid Brophy
- AgResearchRuakura Research CentreHamiltonNew Zealand
| | - Paul Maclean
- AgResearchRuakura Research CentreHamiltonNew Zealand
| | | | | | - Lisa Cavacini
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cai WQ, Zeng LS, Wang LF, Wang YY, Cheng JT, Zhang Y, Han ZW, Zhou Y, Huang SL, Wang XW, Peng XC, Xiang Y, Ma Z, Cui SZ, Xin HW. The Latest Battles Between EGFR Monoclonal Antibodies and Resistant Tumor Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1249. [PMID: 32793499 PMCID: PMC7393266 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a tyrosine kinase receptor involved in homeostatic regulation of normal cells and carcinogenesis of epithelial malignancies. With rapid development of the precision medicine era, a series of new therapies targeting EGFR are underway. Four EGFR monoclonal antibody drugs (cetuximab, panitumumab, nimotuzumab, and necitumumab) are already on the market, and a dozen other EGFR monoclonal antibodies are in clinical trials. Here, we comprehensively review the newly identified biological properties and anti-tumor mechanisms of EGFR monoclonal antibodies. We summarize recently completed and ongoing clinical trials of the classic and new EGFR monoclonal antibodies. More importantly, according to our new standard, we re-classify the complex evolving tumor cell resistance mechanisms, including those involving exosomes, non-coding RNA and the tumor microenvironment, against EGFR monoclonal antibodies. Finally, we analyzed the limitations of EGFR monoclonal antibody therapy, and discussed the current strategies overcoming EGFR related drug resistance. This review will help us better understand the latest battles between EGFR monoclonal antibodies and resistant tumor cells, and the future directions to develop anti-tumor EGFR monoclonal antibodies with durable effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qi Cai
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, School of Basic Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Li-Si Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Feng Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Lianjiang People's Hospital, Lianjiang, China
| | - Ying-Ying Wang
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, School of Basic Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jun-Ting Cheng
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, School of Basic Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, School of Basic Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zi-Wen Han
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, School of Basic Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, School of Basic Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Shao-Li Huang
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Lianjiang People's Hospital, Lianjiang, China
| | - Xian-Wang Wang
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Health Science Center, School of Basic Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Peng
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, School of Basic Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, School of Basic Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zhaowu Ma
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, School of Basic Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Shu-Zhong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Wu Xin
- Laboratory of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Health Science Center, School of Basic Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph C Zielinski
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Central European Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Site-selective chemoenzymatic glycoengineering of Fab and Fc glycans of a therapeutic antibody. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:12023-12027. [PMID: 30397147 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1812833115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-glycans attached to the Fab and Fc domains play distinct roles in modulating the functions of antibodies. However, posttranslational site-selective modifications of glycans in antibodies and other multiply glycosylated proteins remain a challenging task. Here, we report a chemoenzymatic method that permits independent manipulation of the Fab and Fc N-glycans, using cetuximab as a model therapeutic monoclonal antibody. Taking advantage of the substrate specificity of three endoglycosidases (Endo-S, Endo-S2, and Endo-F3) and their glycosynthase mutants, together with an unexpected substrate site-selectivity of a bacterial α1,6-fucosidase from Lactobacillus casei (AlfC), we were able to synthesize an optimal homogeneous glycoform of cetuximab in which the heterogeneous and immunogenic Fab N-glycans were replaced with a single sialylated N-glycan, and the core-fucosylated Fc N-glycans were remodeled with a nonfucosylated and fully galactosylated N-glycan. The glycoengineered cetuximab demonstrated increased affinity for the FcγIIIa receptor and significantly enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity.
Collapse
|