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Chang JW, Huang C, Huang W, Wang Y, Hsieh J, Chang Y, Huang Y, Wu C, Wang Y, Chen S, Tan KT, Chen C, Wu C. Genomic and tumour microenvironmental biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitor response in advanced Taiwanese melanoma. Clin Transl Immunology 2023; 12:e1465. [PMID: 37649975 PMCID: PMC10463562 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Genomic biomarkers predicting immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment outcomes for Asian metastatic melanoma have been rarely reported. This study presents data on next-generation sequencing (NGS) and tumour microenvironment biomarkers in 33 cases. Methods Thirty-three patients with advanced melanoma, who underwent ICI treatment at the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan, were recruited. The study evaluated clinical outcomes, including response rate, disease control rate, progression-free survival (PFS) rate and overall survival (OS) rate. Archived tissue samples from 33 cases were subjected to NGS by ACTOnco, and ACTTME was employed in 25 cases. Results The most prevalent driver mutations were BRAF mutations (24.2%), followed by NRAS (15.2%), KIT (12.1%), KRAS (9.1%) and NF1 (9.1%) mutations. Acral/mucosal melanomas exhibited distinct mutation patterns compared to non-acral melanomas. Tumour mutational burden estimated using ACTOnco was not associated with ICI efficacy. Notably, genetic alterations in the p53 pathway (CDKNA2 loss, MDM2 gain/amplification and TP53 mutation) accounted for 36.4% and were significantly associated with unfavourable PFS (median PFS 2.7 months vs. 3.9 months, P = 0.0394). Moreover, 26 genes were identified as differentially expressed genes that were upregulated in patients with clinical benefits compared to those without benefits. Four genes, GZMH, GZMK, AIM2 and CTLA4, were found to be associated with both PFS and OS. Conclusion Genetic alterations in the p53 pathway may be critical in Asian patients with melanoma undergoing ICI treatment. Further investigation is required to explore this mechanism and validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Wen‐Cheng Chang
- Division of Hematology‐Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Chien‐Jung Huang
- Institute of Biomedical InformaticsNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wen‐Kuan Huang
- Division of Hematology‐Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Chao Wang
- Institute of Biomedical InformaticsNational Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Jia‐Juan Hsieh
- Division of Hematology‐Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Yao‐Yu Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Yen‐Lin Huang
- School of MedicineNational Tsing‐Hua UniversityHsinchuTaiwan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at LinkouInstitute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer ResearchTaoyuanTaiwan
| | | | | | | | - Kien Thiam Tan
- ACT Genomics Co., LtdTaipeiTaiwan
- Anbogen Therapeutics Co., LtdTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chiao‐Ping Chen
- Division of Hematology‐Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Chiao‐En Wu
- Division of Hematology‐Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
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Kuusisalo S, Tikkanen A, Lappi‐Blanco E, Väisänen T, Knuuttila A, Tiainen S, Ahvonen J, Iivanainen S, Koivunen JP. The prognostic and predictive roles of plasma C-reactive protein and PD-L1 in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:16087-16097. [PMID: 37329173 PMCID: PMC10469721 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-PD-(L)1 agents have revolutionized the treatment paradigms of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), while predictive biomarkers are limited. It has been previously shown that systemic inflammation, indicated by elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) level, is associated with a poor prognosis in anti-PD-(L)1 treated. The aim of the study was to analyze the prognostic and predictive value of CRP in addition to traditional prognostic and predictive markers and tumor PD-L1 score. METHODS We identified all NSCLC patients (n = 329) who had undergone PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) analysis at Oulu University Hospital 2015-22. CRP levels, treatment history, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy details, and survival were collected. The patients were categorized based on CRP levels (≤10 vs. >10) and PD-L1 TPS scores (<50 vs. ≥50). RESULTS In the whole cohort (n = 329), CRP level of ≤10 mg/L was associated with improved survival in univariate (HR 0.30, Cl 95% 0.22-0.41) and multivariate analyzes (HR 0.44, CI 95% 0.28-0.68). With ICI treated (n = 70), both CRP of ≤10 and PD-L1 TPS of ≥50 were associated with improved progression-free survival (PFS) in univariate (HR 0.51, CI 95% 0.27-0.96; HR 0.54, CI 95% 0.28-1.02) and multivariate (HR 0.48, CI 95% 0.26-0.90; HR 0.50, CI 95% 0.26-0.95) analyzes. The combination (PD-L1 TPS ≥50 and CRP >10) carried a high negative predictive value with a median PFS of 4.11 months (CI 95% 0.00-9.63), which was similar to patients with low PD-L1 (4.11 months, CI 95% 2.61-5.60). CONCLUSIONS Adding plasma CRP levels to PD-L1 TPS significantly increased the predictive value of sole PD-L1. Furthermore, patients with high CRP beard little benefit from anti-PD-(L)1 therapies independent of PD-L1 score. The study highlights the combined evaluation of plasma CRP and PD-L1 TPS as a negative predictive marker for ICI therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saara Kuusisalo
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiotherapy and Medical Research Center OuluOulu University Hospital and University of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Antti Tikkanen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiotherapy and Medical Research Center OuluOulu University Hospital and University of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Elisa Lappi‐Blanco
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital and Department of Pathology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research UnitUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Timo Väisänen
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital and Department of Pathology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research UnitUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Aija Knuuttila
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Heart and Lung Center and Cancer CenterHelsinki University Hospital and University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Satu Tiainen
- Cancer CenterKuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland
| | - Jarkko Ahvonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Department of OncologyTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
| | - Sanna Iivanainen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiotherapy and Medical Research Center OuluOulu University Hospital and University of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Jussi P. Koivunen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Radiotherapy and Medical Research Center OuluOulu University Hospital and University of OuluOuluFinland
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Borch A, Bjerregaard AM, Araujo Barbosa de Lima V, Østrup O, Yde CW, Eklund AC, Mau-Sørensen M, Barra C, Svane IM, Nielsen FC, Funt SA, Lassen U, Hadrup SR. Neoepitope load, T cell signatures and PD-L2 as combined biomarker strategy for response to checkpoint inhibition immunotherapy. Front Genet 2023; 14:1058605. [PMID: 37035751 PMCID: PMC10076713 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1058605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibition for the treatment of cancer has provided a breakthrough in oncology, and several new checkpoint inhibition pathways are currently being investigated regarding their potential to provide additional clinical benefit. However, only a fraction of patients respond to such treatment modalities, and there is an urgent need to identify biomarkers to rationally select patients that will benefit from treatment. In this study, we explore different tumor associated characteristics for their association with favorable clinical outcome in a diverse cohort of cancer patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors. We studied 29 patients in a basket trial comprising 12 different tumor types, treated with 10 different checkpoint inhibition regimens. Our analysis revealed that even across this diverse cohort, patients achieving clinical benefit had significantly higher neoepitope load, higher expression of T cell signatures, and higher PD-L2 expression, which also correlated with improved progression-free and overall survival. Importantly, the combination of biomarkers serves as a better predictor than each of the biomarkers alone. Basket trials are frequently used in modern immunotherapy trial design, and here we identify a set of biomarkers of potential relevance across multiple cancer types, allowing for the selection of patients that most likely will benefit from immune checkpoint inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Borch
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne-Mette Bjerregaard
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Bioinformatics and Datamining, Novo Nordisk, Bagsvaerd, Denmark
| | | | - Olga Østrup
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Carolina Barra
- Department of Health Technology, Section for Bioinformatics, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Finn Cilius Nielsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Samuel A. Funt
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ulrik Lassen
- Department of Oncology, Phase 1 Unit, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sine Reker Hadrup
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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Tintelnot J, Ristow I, Sauer M, Simnica D, Schultheiß C, Scholz R, Goekkurt E, von Wenserski L, Willscher E, Paschold L, Lorenzen S, Riera-Knorrenschild J, Depenbusch R, Ettrich TJ, Dörfel S, Al-Batran SE, Karthaus M, Pelzer U, Hinke A, Bauer M, Massa C, Seliger B, Wickenhauser C, Bokemeyer C, Hegewisch-Becker S, Binder M, Stein A. Translational analysis and final efficacy of the AVETUX trial - Avelumab, cetuximab and FOLFOX in metastatic colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:993611. [PMID: 36605436 PMCID: PMC9808039 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.993611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has so far been limited to patients with microsatellite instability high tumors (MSI-H). Unfortunately, most mCRC patients suffer from non-immunogenic microsatellite stable (MSS) tumors. Therefore, new combinatorial strategies are urgently needed to enhance the immunogenicity of MSS tumors to finally increase the number of patients benefiting from ICB. Methods The AVETUX trial aimed to combine the PD-L1 antibody avelumab with the standard of care chemotherapy combination FOLFOX and the anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab. Furthermore, we performed a central radiological review of the pre- and on-treatment computed tomography scans to better define the individual response to treatment. Results and Discussion In total, 43 patients were treated of which 39 patients were confirmed as RAS/BRAF wildtype in central tissue review and finally response evaluated. A final progression-free survival (PFS) of 11.1 (range: 0.8 to 22.3 months) and a herein updated final overall survival (OS) of 32.9 months (range: 0.8 to 47.1 months) was reached. We observed a strong median depth of response of 67.5% tumor shrinkage and deepness of response correlated significantly with survival. On the other hand, early tumor shrinkage was not an indicator of better outcome at a cut-off of 20% (median values). In a next step, we correlated the individual best radiological response with potential ICB response biomarkers and found that the clonality and diversity, but not frequency of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TiLs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), strongly correlated with response. In summary, we report the final overall survival of the AVETUX trial and propose T cell clonality and diversity as a potential marker to predict response to chemo-immunotherapy combinations in MSS mCRC by performing a central radiological review. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier (NCT03174405).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Tintelnot
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,*Correspondence: Joseph Tintelnot, ; Alexander Stein,
| | - Inka Ristow
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Donjete Simnica
- Department of Internal Medicine IV – Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Christoph Schultheiß
- Department of Internal Medicine IV – Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Rebekka Scholz
- Department of Internal Medicine IV – Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Eray Goekkurt
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,Hämatologisch-Onkologische Praxis Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lisa von Wenserski
- Department of Internal Medicine IV – Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Edith Willscher
- Department of Internal Medicine IV – Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Lisa Paschold
- Department of Internal Medicine IV – Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Sylvie Lorenzen
- Department of Internal Medicine III (Haematology/Medical Oncology), Technical University of Munich Hospital Rechts der Isar, Munchen, Bayern, Germany
| | | | - Reinhard Depenbusch
- Private Practice Onkodoc GmbH Götersloh, Götersloh, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Thomas J. Ettrich
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Baden-Wörttemberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Dörfel
- Private Practice Onkozentrum Dresden, Dresden, Sachsen, Germany
| | - Salah-Eddin Al-Batran
- Institute of Clinical Cancer Research Institut für Klinisch-Onkologische Forschung (IKF) at Northwest Hospital, Frankfurt, Hessen, Germany
| | - Meinolf Karthaus
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Munich Hospital Neuperlach, Munchen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Uwe Pelzer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumorimmunology, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Hinke
- Clinical Cancer Research Consulting (CCRC), Dösseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcus Bauer
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Halle, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Chiara Massa
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Mascha Binder
- Department of Internal Medicine IV – Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Alexander Stein
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,Hämatologisch-Onkologische Praxis Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,*Correspondence: Joseph Tintelnot, ; Alexander Stein,
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Xu D, Xu N, Sun L, Yang Z, He M, Li Y. TG2 as a novel breast cancer prognostic marker promotes cell proliferation and glycolysis by activating the MEK/ERK/LDH pathway. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1267. [PMID: 36471278 PMCID: PMC9724448 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10364-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor among women worldwide. Tissue transglutaminase 2 (TG2) has been reported as a major player across several types of cancer. However, the effects of TG2 in breast cancer are less known. METHODS The expression of TG2 in patients with BC was detected by immunochemistry staining and RT-qPCR. The correlation of TG2 expression and clinicopathological factors or overall survival (OS) was analyzed by Chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox-regression analysis. The effects of TG2 on cell proliferation and glycolysis were investigated in vivo and in vitro by gain- and loss-of-function experiments. RESULT Both mRNA and protein levels of TG2 were overexpressed in BC tissues and cultured cells. Clinical stage (p = 0.011), molecular subtype (p<0.001) and survival status (p<0.001) were significantly correlated with TG2 expression. Specifically, TG2 expression was positively associated with the clinical stage (r = 0.193, p = 0.005) and OS (r = 0.230, p = 0.001), while negatively associated with molecular subtype (r = - 0.161, p = 0.020). Overexpressed TG2 was a prognostic factor of poor OS by Cox-regression analysis. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments indicated that cell proliferation and glycolysis were regulated by TG2 via the MEK/ERK/LDH pathway. TG2-induced activation of the MEK/ERK/LDH pathway and glycolysis were attenuated by MEK inhibitor U0126. CONCLUSION TG2 is overexpressed in BC, which can serve as an independent prognostic factor for OS. TG2 promotes tumor cell proliferation and increases glycolysis associated with the activation of the MEK/ERK/LHD pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Xu
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021 P. R. China
| | - Ning Xu
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021 P. R. China
| | - Liang Sun
- grid.415954.80000 0004 1771 3349Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033 Jilin China
| | - Zhaoying Yang
- grid.415954.80000 0004 1771 3349Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033 Jilin China
| | - Miao He
- grid.452829.00000000417660726Department of Anesthesia, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Youjun Li
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021 P. R. China
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Huang S, Sun L, Hou P, Liu K, Wu J. A comprehensively prognostic and immunological analysis of actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5 in pan-cancer and identification in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:944898. [PMID: 36148220 PMCID: PMC9485570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.944898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5 (ARPC5) is one of the members of actin-related protein 2/3 complex and plays an important role in cell migration and invasion. However, little is known about the expression pattern, prognosis value, and biological function of ARPC5 in pan-cancer. Thus, we focus on ARPC5 as cut point to explore a novel prognostic and immunological biomarker for cancers. Methods The public databases, including TCGA, GTEx, and UCEC, were used to analyze ARPC5 expression in pan-cancer. The Human Protein Atlas website was applied to obtain the expression of ARPC5 in different tissues, cell lines, and single-cell types. Univariate Cox regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier analysis were used to explore the prognosis value of ARPC5 in various cancers. Spearman’s correlation analysis was performed to investigate the association between ARPC5 expression and tumor microenvironment scores, immune cell infiltration, immune-related genes, TMB, MSI, RNA modification genes, DNA methyltransferases, and tumor stemness. Moreover, qPCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry were carried out to examine the differential expression of ARPC5 in HCC tissues and cell lines. CCK8, EdU, flow cytometry, wound-healing assays, and transwell assays were conducted to explore its role in tumor proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion among HCC cells. Results ARPC5 expression was upregulated in most cancer types and significantly associated with worse prognosis in KIRC, KIRP, LGG, and LIHC. mRNA expression of ARPC5 showed low tissue and cell specificity in normal tissues, cell lines, and single-cell types. ARPC5 expression was positively correlated with the tumor microenvironment scores, immune infiltrating cells, immune checkpoint–related genes in most cancers. ARPC5 in STAD and BRCA was positively associated with TMB, MSI, and neoantigens. We also discovered that ARPC5 was correlated with the expression of m1A-related genes, m5C-related genes, m6A-related genes, and DNA methyltransferases. In experiment analyses, we found that ARPC5 was significantly highly expressed in HCC tissues and HCC cells. Functionally, silencing ARPC5 dramatically decreased proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of HCC cells. Conclusions ARPC5 expression affects the prognosis of multiple tumors and is closely correlated to tumor immune infiltration and immunotherapy. Furthermore, ARPC5 may function as an oncogene and promote tumor progression in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liying Sun
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ping Hou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kan Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianbing Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Jianbing Wu,
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McGovern J, Dolan RD, Skipworth RJ, Laird BJ, McMillan DC. Cancer cachexia: a nutritional or a systemic inflammatory syndrome? Br J Cancer 2022; 127:379-382. [PMID: 35523879 PMCID: PMC9073809 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01826-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia has long been perceived as a nutritional syndrome. However, nutritional interventions have continued to be ineffective. With the recent recognition of the importance of systemic inflammation in the definition of this syndrome and treatment, has the time come to consider whether this syndrome is primarily a manifestation of systemic inflammation with the consequent implications for future treatment?
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh McGovern
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Ross D. Dolan
- grid.411714.60000 0000 9825 7840Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard J. Skipworth
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Institute of Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Barry J. Laird
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Institute of Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK ,St Columba’s Hospice, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Donald C. McMillan
- grid.411714.60000 0000 9825 7840Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
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8
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Carbone F, Ministrini S, Bonaventura A, Vecchié A, Minetti S, Bardi N, Elia E, Ansaldo AM, Ferrara D, Rijavec E, Dal Bello MG, Biello F, Rossi G, Tagliamento M, Alama A, Coco S, Spallarossa P, Grossi F, Genova C, Montecucco F. Serum levels of VCAM-1 are associated with survival in patients treated with nivolumab for NSCLC. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13668. [PMID: 34390488 PMCID: PMC9286788 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High circulating levels of cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been supposed to act as a negative prognostic factor. Here, we explored the predictive role of pre-treatment levels of CAMs in previously treated patients receiving nivolumab for NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy one patients with advanced NSCLC, treated with nivolumab at the dose of 3 mg/kg every 14 days, were enrolled. Maximum follow-up time was 3 years. Serum levels of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and Intracellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were measured at baseline and before each nivolumab administration. Endpoints of the study were a composite outcome of survival ≥2 years or absence of disease progression at the end of the follow-up, and the overall survival. RESULTS Composite outcome and overall survival were positively associated with VCAM-1 baseline levels and with the reduction of VCAM-1 during the treatment. After adjustment for potential confounders, the change in VCAM-1 serum levels during the treatment was an independent predictor of overall survival. CONCLUSIONS High baseline serum levels of VCAM-1 are associated with a longer survival in patients treated with nivolumab as second line treatment for NSCLC. Surviving patients experience also a significant reduction in CAMs expression during the treatment. Hence, CAMs might be promising prognostic factors in patients with NSCLC underoing immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Ministrini
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, Universität Zürich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Internal Medicine, Angiology and Atherosclerosis, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Aldo Bonaventura
- First Clinic of internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Alessandra Vecchié
- First Clinic of internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Silvia Minetti
- First Clinic of internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicholas Bardi
- First Clinic of internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Elia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Ansaldo
- First Clinic of internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniele Ferrara
- First Clinic of internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Erika Rijavec
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Federico Biello
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Rossi
- UOS Tumori Polmonari, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Tagliamento
- UOS Tumori Polmonari, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Angela Alama
- UOS Tumori Polmonari, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simona Coco
- UOS Tumori Polmonari, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Spallarossa
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Grossi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Genova
- UOS Tumori Polmonari, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy
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9
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Rajan A, Mullenix C, Shelat M, Zhao C. The role of immunotherapy for management of advanced thymic epithelial tumors: a narrative review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 5. [PMID: 34541456 PMCID: PMC8445513 DOI: 10.21037/med-20-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of immunotherapy as a modern pillar of cancer treatment has changed the treatment landscape for various cancers. Immune checkpoint inhibitors directed at programed death-1 (PD-1) or its ligand (PD-L1), in particular, have found widespread clinical applications and have resulted in durable responses and an improvement in survival of patients with advanced or metastatic disease. Tumor cell PD-L1 expression and tumor mutation burden (TMB) are biomarkers of response and efforts are underway to identify other biomarkers that might predict benefit with these drugs. Most patients tolerate immunotherapy well, although a subset of patients develop immune-mediated toxicity due to excessive immune stimulation. Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) have a unique biology which can predispose to development of autoimmune paraneoplastic disease, especially in patients with thymoma. Due to defects in immunological self-tolerance, the use of immunotherapy in TET patients is associated with an increased risk of immune-mediated adverse events, which can be potentially life-threatening. Development of biomarkers of response and toxicity is particularly important for the treatment of TETs since it is important to identify patients who might benefit from treatment and be at low risk for development of severe immune toxicity. The use of immunotherapy in patients with autoimmune disorders and those who have previously experienced immune-mediated toxicity is currently an area of active research. Various risk mitigation strategies are under evaluation in prospective clinical trials, including trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with thymic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Rajan
- Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cristina Mullenix
- Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meenakshi Shelat
- Pharmacy Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chen Zhao
- Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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10
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Zeng H, Huang WW, Liu YJ, Huang Q, Zhao SM, Li YL, Tian PW, Li WM. Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Predicting Prognosis to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Plus Chemotherapy in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:685047. [PMID: 34458139 PMCID: PMC8397581 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.685047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) plus chemotherapy improved the prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, reliable prognostic biomarkers are lacking. We explored factors associated with prognosis and developed a predictive model. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 130 consecutive stage IIIA–IVB NSCLC patients treated with ICIs combined with chemotherapy. Cox univariate and multivariate proportional hazards regression analyses were used to identify prognostic factors associated with progression-free survival (PFS). A nomogram was developed based on key factors in the training cohort (n = 86) and evaluated in the validation cohort (n = 44). According to the nomogram-based total point scores, we divided patients into low- and high-risk groups. Results In the training cohort, bone metastases (p = 0.017) and an increased derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (p = 0.018) were significantly associated with poor PFS, while smoking (p = 0.007) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) ≥50% (p = 0.001) were associated with improved PFS. A nomogram based on these factors was developed to predict PFS at 3, 6, and 12 months. The C-index of the nomogram to predict PFS was 0.725 (95% CI: 0.711–0.739) in the training cohort and 0.688 (95% CI: 0.665–0.711) in the validation cohort. The area under the curve (AUC) exhibited an acceptable discriminative ability, and calibration curves demonstrated a consistency between the actual results and predictions. In the training cohort, the median PFS (mPFS) was 12.3 and 5.7 months in the low- and high-risk groups, respectively (p < 0.001). In the validation cohort, the mPFS was 12.6 and 6.2 months in the low- and high-risk groups, respectively (p = 0.021). Conclusions A predictive nomogram was developed to help clinicians assess prognosis early for advanced NSCLC patients who received ICI plus chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Wei Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Jie Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Cancer Treatment Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng-Min Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Cancer Treatment Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Lun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Cancer Treatment Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pan-Wen Tian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Cancer Treatment Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Min Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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11
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Chatelut E, Hendrikx JJMA, Martin J, Ciccolini J, Moes DJAR. Unraveling the complexity of therapeutic drug monitoring for monoclonal antibody therapies to individualize dose in oncology. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00757. [PMID: 33745217 PMCID: PMC7981594 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) have become key drugs in cancer treatment, either as targeted therapies or more recently as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The fact that only some patients benefit from these drugs poses the usual question in the field of onco-hematology: that of the benefit of individual dosing and the potential of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to carry out this individualization. However, Mabs present unique pharmacological characteristics for TDM, and the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship observed should be interpreted differently than that observed for conventional drugs and small molecules. This pharmacology practice review has been summarized from a public debate between the authors at the International TDM and Clinical Toxicology meeting in Banff, 2020, regarding the potential roles of TDM in the Mab/ICI setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Chatelut
- CRCTUniversité de ToulouseInserm, and Institut Claudius‐RegaudIUCT‐OncopoleToulouseFrance
| | - Jeroen J. M. A. Hendrikx
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology and Department of Nuclear MedicineThe Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Martin
- Centre for Drug Repurposing and Medicines ResearchThe University of NewcastleCallaghanNSWAustralia
| | - Joseph Ciccolini
- SMARTcCRCM Inserm U1068Aix Marseille University and La Timone university Hospital of MarseilleMarseilleFrance
| | - Dirk Jan A. R. Moes
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and ToxicologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
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12
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Li PJ, Roose JP, Jablons DM, Kratz JR. Bioinformatic Approaches to Validation and Functional Analysis of 3D Lung Cancer Models. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040701. [PMID: 33572297 PMCID: PMC7915264 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
3D models of cancer have the potential to improve basic, translational, and clinical studies. Patient-derived xenografts, spheroids, and organoids are broad categories of 3D models of cancer, and to date, these 3D models of cancer have been established for a variety of cancer types. In lung cancer, for example, 3D models offer a promising new avenue to gain novel insights into lung tumor biology and improve outcomes for patients afflicted with the number one cancer killer worldwide. However, the adoption and utility of these 3D models of cancer vary, and demonstrating the fidelity of these models is a critical first step before seeking meaningful applications. Here, we review use cases of current 3D lung cancer models and bioinformatic approaches to assessing model fidelity. Bioinformatics approaches play a key role in both validating 3D lung cancer models and high dimensional functional analyses to support downstream applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Jonathan Li
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (P.J.L.); (D.M.J.)
| | - Jeroen P. Roose
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - David M. Jablons
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (P.J.L.); (D.M.J.)
| | - Johannes R. Kratz
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; (P.J.L.); (D.M.J.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Abed A, Calapre L, Lo J, Correia S, Bowyer S, Chopra A, Watson M, Khattak MA, Millward M, Gray ES. Prognostic value of HLA-I homozygosity in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with single agent immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:e001620. [PMID: 33229510 PMCID: PMC7684824 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to assess the impact of genomic human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-I/II homozygosity on the survival benefit of patients with unresectable locally advanced, metastatic non-small lung cancer treated by single-agent programmed cell death protein-1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD1/PDL1) inhibitors. METHODS We collected blood from 170 patients with advanced lung cancer treated with immunotherapy at two major oncology centers in Western Australia. Genomic DNA was extracted from white blood cells and used for HLA-I/II high-resolution typing. HLA-I/II homozygosity was tested for association with survival outcomes. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models were constructed to determine whether HLA homozygosity was an independent prognostic factor affecting Overall Survival (OS) and Progression Free Survival (PFS). We also investigated the association between individual HLA-A and -B supertypes with OS. RESULTS Homozygosity at HLA-I loci, but not HLA-II, was significantly associated with shorter OS (HR=2.17, 95% CI 1.13 to 4.17, p=0.02) in both univariable and multivariable analysis. The effect of HLA-I homozygosity in OS was particularly relevant for patients with tumors expressing PDL1 ≥50% (HR=3.93, 95% CI 1.30 to 11.85, p<0.001). The adverse effect of HLA-I homozygosity on PFS was only apparent after controlling for interactions between PDL1 status and HLA-I genotype (HR=2.21, 95% CI 1.04 to 4.70, p=0.038). The presence of HLA-A02 supertype was the only HLA-I supertype to be associated with improved OS (HR=0.56, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.93, p=0.023). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that homozygosity at ≥1 HLA-I loci is associated with short OS and PFS in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer with PDL1 ≥50% treated with single-agent immunotherapy. Carriers of HLA-A02 supertype reported better survival outcomes in this cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf Abed
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Linear Clinical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Leslie Calapre
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Johnny Lo
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Suzana Correia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Samantha Bowyer
- Linear Clinical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Abha Chopra
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mark Watson
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Muhammad Adnan Khattak
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Millward
- Linear Clinical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Elin Solomonovna Gray
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
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