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Suzuki E, Oshima M, Sonotsuka M, Hayashitani H, Ohtani S, Kishida K. [Effects of Medium Chain Triglycerides Intake on Lipid Metabolism and Intestinal Disaccharidase Activities in Rats]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2020; 140:1051-1061. [PMID: 32741863 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.20-00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) have various physiological functions, such as anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects. They can also elicit increased disaccharidase activity and intestinal cell proliferation. However, a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, comparing the effects of MCT on weight loss and body composition, detected commercial bias. Additional research on the physiological functions is needed in order to have conclusive evidence. Thus, we sought to evaluate the various functions of MCT by conducting a feeding study in rats. Rats fed a diet containing 15% (w/w) MCT, had significantly lower visceral fat weight, plasma and liver lipid concentrations; they had significantly higher intestinal maltase and glucoamylase activities; and they had a greater number of Ki-67 positive cells/crypt, compared to the rats fed a diet containing 15% (w/w) lard. The effects of a diet containing 5% (w/w) MCT was observed only for plasma cholesterol levels and the number of Ki-67 positive cells/crypt; in which some results were found to be inconsistent with previous reports. These results indicate that physiological functions of MCT are numerous and need to be confirmed by additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Suzuki
- Department of Science and Technology on Food Safety, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University
| | - Moe Oshima
- Department of Science and Technology on Food Safety, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University
| | - Masayuki Sonotsuka
- Department of Science and Technology on Food Safety, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University
| | - Hiroyo Hayashitani
- Department of Science and Technology on Food Safety, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University
| | - Seiji Ohtani
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Kunihiro Kishida
- Department of Science and Technology on Food Safety, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University
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Jackson MI, Jewell DE. Docosahexaenoate-enriched fish oil and medium chain triglycerides shape the feline plasma lipidome and synergistically decrease circulating gut microbiome-derived putrefactive postbiotics. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229868. [PMID: 32163448 PMCID: PMC7067441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of medium-chain fatty acid-containing triglycerides (MCT), long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing triglycerides, and their combination on the plasma metabolome of cats (Felis catus), including circulating microbiome-derived postbiotics. After a 14-day lead-in on the control food, cats were randomized to one of four foods (control, with 6.9% MCT, with fish oil [FO; 0.14% eicosapentaenoate, 1.0% docosahexaenoate], or with FO+MCT; n = 16 per group) for 28 days. Analysis of plasma metabolites showed that the addition of FO and MCT led to synergistic effects not seen with either alone across a number of lipid classes, including fatty acids, acylcarnitines, and acylated amines including endocannabinoids. Notably, the FO+MCT group had an increase in ketone body production relative to baseline and beyond that seen with MCT alone. N-acyl taurines, the accumulation of which has been implicated in the onset of type 2 diabetes, were significantly decreased in the FO+MCT group. Significant decreases in the gut microbiome-derived postbiotic classes of indoles/indolic sulfates and phenols/phenolic sulfates were observed only the FO+MCT group. Overall, the combination of MCT and FO led to number of changes in plasma metabolites that were not observed with either oil alone, particularly in postbiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew I. Jackson
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc., Topeka, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Dennis E. Jewell
- Pet Nutrition Center, Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc., Topeka, Kansas, United States of America
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Yao M, Li Z, Julian McClements D, Tang Z, Xiao H. Design of nanoemulsion-based delivery systems to enhance intestinal lymphatic transport of lipophilic food bioactives: Influence of oil type. Food Chem 2020; 317:126229. [PMID: 32078989 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The impact of nanoemulsions containing triglycerides with different fatty acid chain lengths on the bioavailability of a highly lipophilic bioactive: 5-demethylnobiletin (5-DN) was investigated. 5-DN was encapsulated in nanoemulsions fabricated using either medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) or long-chain triglycerides (LCT). They were then subjected to in vitro digestion, and the resulting mixed micelles was applied to a Caco-2 cell model. Higher 5-DN bioaccessibility was found for the MCT-nanoemulsion (13%) than for the LCT-nanoemulsion (7%). However, only 30% 5-DN in MCT crossed the Caco-2 monolayer and 50% was metabolized, while 60% 5-DN in LCT crossed the monolayer and only 10% was metabolized. More lipid droplets and chylomicrons were also formed for the LCT nanoemulsions, indicating greater 5-DN transported through lymph. Although MCT gave a higher 5-DN bioaccessibility, the final amount of 5-DN absorbed and transported to the lymph was inferior to that of the LCT formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Yao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhengze Li
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | | | - Zhonghai Tang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; School of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
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Norouzian H, Alirezaei M, Dezfoulian O, Taati M. The effects of Post-Hatch Feeding with Betaine on the Intestinal Development of Broiler Chickens. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Spranghers T, Michiels J, Vrancx J, Ovyn A, Eeckhout M, De Clercq P, De Smet S. Gut antimicrobial effects and nutritional value of black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens L.) prepupae for weaned piglets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sangild PT, Ney DM, Sigalet DL, Vegge A, Burrin D. Animal models of gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Animal models of infant short bowel syndrome: translational relevance and challenges. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 307:G1147-68. [PMID: 25342047 PMCID: PMC4269678 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00088.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal failure (IF), due to short bowel syndrome (SBS), results from surgical resection of a major portion of the intestine, leading to reduced nutrient absorption and need for parenteral nutrition (PN). The incidence is highest in infants and relates to preterm birth, necrotizing enterocolitis, atresia, gastroschisis, volvulus, and aganglionosis. Patient outcomes have improved, but there is a need to develop new therapies for SBS and to understand intestinal adaptation after different diseases, resection types, and nutritional and pharmacological interventions. Animal studies are needed to carefully evaluate the cellular mechanisms, safety, and translational relevance of new procedures. Distal intestinal resection, without a functioning colon, results in the most severe complications and adaptation may depend on the age at resection (preterm, term, young, adult). Clinically relevant therapies have recently been suggested from studies in preterm and term PN-dependent SBS piglets, with or without a functional colon. Studies in rats and mice have specifically addressed the fundamental physiological processes underlying adaptation at the cellular level, such as regulation of mucosal proliferation, apoptosis, transport, and digestive enzyme expression, and easily allow exogenous or genetic manipulation of growth factors and their receptors (e.g., glucagon-like peptide 2, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1, epidermal growth factor, keratinocyte growth factor). The greater size of rats, and especially young pigs, is an advantage for testing surgical procedures and nutritional interventions (e.g., PN, milk diets, long-/short-chain lipids, pre- and probiotics). Conversely, newborn pigs (preterm or term) and weanling rats provide better insights into the developmental aspects of treatment for SBS in infants owing to their immature intestines. The review shows that a balance among practical, economical, experimental, and ethical constraints will determine the choice of SBS model for each clinical or basic research question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per T. Sangild
- 1Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; ,2Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Denise M. Ney
- 3Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin;
| | | | - Andreas Vegge
- 1Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; ,5Diabetes Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk, Måløv, Denmark; and
| | - Douglas Burrin
- 6USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Chwen LT, Foo HL, Thanh NT, Choe DW. Growth performance, plasma Fatty acids, villous height and crypt depth of preweaning piglets fed with medium chain triacylglycerol. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 26:700-4. [PMID: 25049841 PMCID: PMC4093331 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding medium chain triacylglycerol (MCT) on growth performance, plasma fatty acids, villus height and crypt depth in preweaning piglets. A total of 150 new born piglets were randomly assigned into one of three treatments: i) Control (no MCT); ii) MCT with milk (MCT+milk); iii) MCT without milk (MCT+fasting). Body weight, plasma fatty acid profiles, villus height and crypt depth were measured. Final BW for the Control and MCT+fasting was lower (p<0.05) than MCT+milk. The piglets fed with MCT regardless of milk provision or fasting had greater medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) than the Control. In contrast, the Control had greater long chain fatty acid (LCFA) and unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) than the MCT piglets. The piglets fed with MCT regardless of milk provision or fasting had higher villus height for the duodenum and jejunum after 6 h of feeding. Similar observations were found in piglets fed with MCT after 6 and 8 days of treatment. This study showed that feeding MCT to the piglets before weaning improved growth performance, with a greater concentration of MCT in blood plasma as energy source and a greater height of villus in duodenum, jejunum and ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loh Teck Chwen
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Ling Foo
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nguyen Tien Thanh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - D W Choe
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Involvement of CD36 and intestinal alkaline phosphatases in fatty acid transport in enterocytes, and the response to a high-fat diet. Life Sci 2011; 88:384-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Decuypere JA, Dierick NA. The combined use of triacylglycerols containing medium-chain fatty acids and exogenous lipolytic enzymes as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics in piglets: concept, possibilities and limitations. An overview. Nutr Res Rev 2009; 16:193-210. [PMID: 19087389 DOI: 10.1079/nrr200369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the search for alternatives to banned in-feed antibiotics, a concept was developed based on studies with medium-chain fatty acid-containing triacylglycerols (MCTAG) and selected lipases for in situ generation of diacylglycerols, monoacylglycerols and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) in the stomach and proximal gut of piglets. MCFA are known to have strong antibacterial properties but can hardly be used as such because of their repellent odour and taste. Those problems could be overcome by the generation of MCFA in situ. The concept was tested in vitro and validated in vivo with gastric-cannulated piglets and under field conditions, including effects on zootechnical performance, with classical antibacterial growth promoters or organic acids acting as positive controls. Furthermore, the metabolic and dietary constraints on the nutritional and nutritive use of MCTAG and/or MCFA (for example, the effects on digestive physiology, gut flora, feed intake, performance, carcass composition) are reviewed. The role of natural preduodenal lipase activity, the presence of endogenous plant lipase activity in raw materials and the feasibility for exogenous lipase addition to the feed are discussed, in order to optimize the concept. The present review illustrates the similarity of the action of MCFA and commonly used antimicrobials on the flora (total flora, Gram-positive flora, Gram-negative flora, potential pathogens) and epithelial morphology and histology in the foregut. These observations are believed to be the basis for obtaining optimal growth performances. In addition, these naturally occurring antimicrobial agents have little or no human or animal toxicity and induce no problems of residues and cross-resistance induction. They are proposed as a valuable alternative to in-feed antibiotics, used for growth promotion, and even for the preventive and curative treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Decuypere
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Ghent University, Proefhoevestraat 10, B-9090 MELLE, Belgium
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Hamidi H, Pourreza J, Rahimi H. Dietary betaine affect duodenal histology of broilers challenged with a mixed coccidial infection. Pak J Biol Sci 2009; 12:291-295. [PMID: 19579961 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2009.291.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate effect of dietary betaine on intestinal morphology after an experimental coccidiosis. Hence a total of 189 male and female broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 9 floor cages. Chicks were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.6 or 1.2 g kg(-1) betaine. All birds were inoculated orally with Eimeria oocysts on day 28. Duodenal morphology parameters and lesions were scored by microscopic observation on intestine samples which were taken at day 42 of age. Adding 1.2 g kg(-1) betaine to diet diminished intestinal lesions (p < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with 0.6 or 1.2 g kg(-1) betaine significantly (p < 0.01) increased intraepithelial lymphocytes as well. Level of additive betaine had no effect on the ratio of villus height/crypt depth or villus surface area. Lamina propria of duodenum became thicker in the intestine of chickens which received more supplemental betaine via their diet. In conclusion, since the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes and thickness of lamina propria represent the condition of gut immune response, it seems that dietary betaine may immunomodulate the gastrointestinal tract of broilers. In addition, betaine effect on villus morphology measured later in life differed from what had been measured already earlier in life of the chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hamidi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
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Peuranen S, Tiihonen K, Apajalahti J, Kettunen A, Saarinen M, Rautonen N. Combination of polydextrose and lactitol affects microbial ecosystem and immune responses in rat gastrointestinal tract. Br J Nutr 2007; 91:905-14. [PMID: 15182394 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20041114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The effects of various dietary fibres on gut health have been studied extensively but their combined effects are scarcely documented. In the present study the effects of 2 % (w/w) polydextrose (PDX), 2 % (w/w) disaccharide lactitol, or 2 % (w/w) PDX+2 % (w/w) lactitol on gut microflora, microbial metabolism and gut immune responses were investigated in rats. Both PDX and lactitol alone had an effect on many of the studied parameters, but their combination had stronger than additive effects in some parameters. The PDX+lactitol combination altered the microbial community structure as seen by a culture-independent method, percentage guanine+cytosine (%G+C) profiling, increasing the areas of %G+C 35–39 (P<0·0001) and %G+C 45–49 (P=0·0002), and decreasing %G+C 65–74 (P<0·0003). These changes were also reflected in the microbial metabolism so that the production of biogenic amines and branched volatile fatty acids was significantly reduced, by 12 (P=0·03) and 50 % (P=0·002), respectively, indicating a shift from putrefactive towards saccharolytic metabolism. PDX increased the secretion of IgA in the caecum (P=0·007). Secretion of IgA increased even more, almost ten-fold, with the combination of PDX+lactitol (P<0·0001) when compared with the control group. Lactitol increased the production of butyrate by caecal microbes by two- to three-fold when compared with the PDX or control group (P<0·0001). Butyrate is a preferred energy source for mucosal cells; thus a boost in the availability of energy for immune cells may have still added to the synergistic effects of PDX and lactitol on immune cells. It is noteworthy that improvement in the IgA secretion occurred without signs of mucosal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seppo Peuranen
- Danisco Innovation, Enteromix Research, Sokeritehtaantie 20, FIN-02460 Kantvik, Finland.
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Zhou JN, Tan L, Wang XH, Ju HX. Effect of Enteral Nutrition Formula on Fat Absorption and Serum Free Fatty Acid Profiles in Rat with Short-Bowel Syndrome. CHINESE J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200690255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Dierick NA, Decuypere JA, Degeyter I. The combined use of whole Cuphea seeds containing medium chain fatty acids and an exogenous lipase in piglet nutrition. Arch Anim Nutr 2003; 57:49-63. [PMID: 12801079 DOI: 10.1080/0003942031000086626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In search for an alternative for nutritional antimicrobials in piglet feeding, the effects of adding whole Cuphea seeds, as a natural source of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA), with known antimicrobial effects, and an exogenous lipase to a weaner diet were studied. The foregut flora, the gut morphology, some digestive parameters and the zootechnical performance of weaned piglets were investigated. Thirty newly weaned piglets, initial weight 7.0 +/- 0.4 kg, were divided according to litter, sex and weight in two groups (control diet; Cuphea + lipase diet). The Cuphea seeds (lanceolata and ignea) (50 g kg(-1)) were substituted for soybean oil (15 g kg(-1)), Alphacell (25 g kg(-1)) and soy protein isolate (10 g kg(-1)) in the control diet. Also 500 mg kg(-1) microbial lipase was added to the Cuphea diet. The piglets were weighted individually on days 0, 3. 7, 14 and 16. Feed intake was recorded per pen during days 0 to 3, 3 to 7, 7 to 14 and 14 to 16. On day 7 five piglets of each experimental group were euthanized for counting the gastric and small intestinal gut flora and for gut morphology at two sites of the small intestine (proximal, distal). The results indicate a trend towards improved performances parameters by feeding Cuphea + lipase. The enzymic released MCFA (1.7 g kg(-1) fresh gastric contents) tended to decrease the number of Coliforms in the proximal small intestine, but increased the number in the stomach and distal small intestine. With Culphea, the number of Streptococci was significantly lower in small intestine, but not in the stomach, while the number of Lactobacilli was significantly lower in the distal small intestine and tended to be lower in the stomach and proximal small intestine. No differences between the diets were noted for the total anaerobic microbial load in the stomach or in the gut. Feeding Cuphea + lipase resulted in a significantly greater villus height (distal small intestine) and a lesser crypt depth (proximal and distal small intestine) and greater villus/crypt ratio depth (proximal and distal small intestine). The intra-epithelial lymphocyte (IEL) counts per 100 enterocytes were significantly decreased in the proximal small intestine and tended to decrease in the distal small intestine by feeding the Cuphea + lipase diet. Both phenomena are indicative for a more healthy and better functional state of the mucosa. Present results are in line with foregoing research, showing that manipulation of the gut ecosystem by the enzymic in situ released MCFA in the stomach and foregut can result in improved performances of the piglets, which makes the concept a potential alternative for in-feed nutritional antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Dierick
- Ghent University, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Department of Animal Production, Melle, Belgium.
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Dierick N, Decuypere J, Molly K, Van Beek E, Vanderbeke E. The combined use of triacylglycerols containing medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and exogenous lipolytic enzymes as an alternative for nutritional antibiotics in piglet nutrition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-6226(01)00303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Kettunen H, Tiihonen K, Peuranen S, Saarinen MT, Remus JC. Dietary betaine accumulates in the liver and intestinal tissue and stabilizes the intestinal epithelial structure in healthy and coccidia-infected broiler chicks. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2001; 130:759-69. [PMID: 11691612 DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(01)00410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to study the patterns of betaine accumulation into intestinal tissue, liver and plasma of broiler chicks with or without coccidial infection. The chicks were raised on a corn-based, low-betaine diet with or without 1000 ppm betaine supplementation and with or without intestinal microparasite (Eimeria maxima) challenge to the age of 21 days. Plasma, liver, intestinal tissue and digesta of non-challenged (NC) birds and plasma and intestinal tissue of coccidiosis challenged (CC) birds were analysed for betaine content. NC birds were also analyzed for homocysteine in plasma and S-adenosylmethionine (S-AM) in liver. The jejunal epithelium was histologically examined for the presence of coccidia and the crypt-villus ratio was measured. Dietary betaine supplementation decreased the plasma homocysteine concentration but had no effect on liver S-AM of NC birds. The data suggest that chicks on a low-betaine diet accumulate betaine into the intestinal tissue. When the diet was supplemented with betaine, betaine accumulated heavily into liver and to a lesser degree into intestinal tissue. The concentration of betaine in jejunal and ileal digesta was low suggesting that dietary betaine was mainly absorbed from the proximal small intestine. The coccidial challenge decreased the concentration of betaine in the liver, but greatly increased that in the intestinal tissue. The crypt-villus ratio was decreased by the dietary betaine supplementation in healthy and challenged chicks, suggesting that dietary betaine both protects the jejunal villi against coccidial infection and also stabilizes the mucosal structure in healthy broiler chicks. These results support our earlier findings suggesting that betaine is likely to act as an important intestinal osmolyte in broiler chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kettunen
- Danisco Cultor Innovation, Technology Center, Kantvik, Sokeritehtaantie 20, FIN-02460 Kantvik, Finland.
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Czernichow B, Galluser M, Cui S, Gossé F, Raul F. Comparison of enteral or parenteral administration of medium chain triglycerides on intestinal mucosa in adult rats. Nutr Res 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0271-5317(96)00072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Devlin A, Innis SM, Wall K, Krisinger J. Effect of medium-chain triglycerides on calbindin-D9k expression in the intestine. Lipids 1996; 31:547-9. [PMID: 8727649 DOI: 10.1007/bf02522650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
These studies determined the effect of the saturated fat source in infant formula on the expression of calbindin-D9k (CaBP-9k). Piglets were fed from birth to 8 d with milk or formula containing saturated fatty acids as medium-chain triglycerides (MCT), coconut oil, palm oil (Palm 1), or synthesized triglycerides with 16:0 directed to the sn-2 position (Palm 2). Levels of intestinal CaBP-9k mRNA were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in piglets fed formula with MCT than in piglets fed the other formula or milk; and higher in piglets fed the Palm-1 than in piglets fed Palm-2 formula. This is the first evidence that MCT alter piglet intestinal CaBP-9k mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Devlin
- Department of Paediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Heineman E, Dejong CH, Piena-Spoel M, Liefaard G, Molenaar JC, Tibboel D. Prospective evaluation of faecal fatty acid excretion in short bowel syndrome in newborns. J Pediatr Surg 1996; 31:520-5. [PMID: 8801304 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3468(96)90487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Short bowel syndrome (SBS) in the newborn results in limited intestinal absorptive capacity, leading especially to fatty acid (FA) malabsorption. It is unknown whether adaptation occurs in time in FA absorption, and whether this adaptation is chain-length dependent. The aid of the present study was to prospectively evaluate FA absorption and excretion during SBS in the newborn. Twenty-one neonates who underwent small bowel resection (of variable length) for various reasons (necrotizing enterocolitis, intestinal atresia, meconium peritonitis, cloacal extrophy, etc) were studied. Eight neonates had SBS, defined as a small bowel remnant of less than 50% of the original small bowel length related to gestational age. The mean remaining small bowel length in the SBS group was 34% (24% to 42%). The non-SBS control group consisted of 13 neonates who had only minor small bowel resections. The mean remaining bowel length for the non-SBS group was 95% (70% to 100%). The results show that the total fractional excretion of FA (FE-FA) at 2 weeks and 1, 2, 3, and 4 months postsurgery was 51% +/- 37%, 33% +/- 24%, 51% +/- 65%, 53% +/- 27%, and 7% +/- 2% in patients with SBS, versus 12% +/- 8%, 24% +/- 10%, 9% +/- 3%, 8% +/- 3% and 17% +/- 14% in the non-SBS controls, respectively (P < .05 by ANOVA). There appeared to be an amelioration in time in FA absorption, especially in the SBS group, after 3 months. FE-FA was chain-length related, being considerably less for C10 and C12 than for C14 and longer amounts. An amelioration of absorption occurred in the SBS patients, especially with the longer-chain FA. On the basis of the study data, the authors conclude that in the initial adaptation phase shorter chain lengths are better absorbed than longer chain lengths; however, in the latter FA group, substantial adaptation occurs with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Heineman
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Affiliation(s)
- F Raul
- IRCAD, CJF INSERM 95-09, Strasbourg, France
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20
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Foltzer-Jourdainne C, Raul F. Facteurs de croissance intestinaux. NUTR CLIN METAB 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0985-0562(96)80010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Homologues et dérivés de la glutamine : facteur limitant de la nutrition artificielle actuelle ? NUTR CLIN METAB 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0985-0562(96)80045-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Jenkins
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London
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