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Gao Y, Lu LJ, Zhang ZZ, Yang X, Du J, Wen K, Huang H, Wang XP, Sun XL. Xue-jie-San prevents the early development of colitis-associated intestinal fibrosis by blocking Notch1 and FGL1 signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 315:116678. [PMID: 37263315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xue-Jie-San (XJS), as a traditional Chinese herb prescription, has satisfactory effects on improving clinical symptoms and facilitating the healing of intestinal ulcers in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). This motivates the application of XJS on CD-associated complications. AIM OF THE STUDY Intestinal fibrosis is a debilitating complication of CD. Currently, there is no effective medication available for preventing or reversing CD-related intestinal fibrosis. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of XJS in the treatment of colitis-associated intestinal fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A rat model of CD-related intestinal fibrosis was induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid administration and treated with XJS. The pathological changes of intestinal fibrosis were evaluated using Masson staining. Collagen deposition and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were verified by immunohistochemical staining and western blot analysis. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) was assessed with immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining as well as western blot analysis. Transmission electron microscopy was utilized to observe autophagosomes. The levels of autophagy-related proteins were detected via immunofluorescence staining and western blot. Finally, the mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway regulated by Notch1 or FGL1 was analyzed by western blot. RESULTS The results found that XJS ameliorated intestinal fibrosis through reducing the deposition of collagens such as Collagen 1 and Collagen 3. XJS inhibited the EMT process by increasing E-cadherin levels and decreasing the expressions of N-cadherin, Vimentin and Snail, which played a crucial role in collagen secretion and intestinal fibrosis. In addition, XJS also repressed the EndoMT process as reflected by the upregulation of CD31 and VE-cadherin levels and the downregulation of FSP1 and α-SMA expressions. Autophagy was activated following XJS treatment via suppression of the mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, XJS acted as an inhibitor of Notch1 and FGL1 signals, both of which regulated the mTOR signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our findings validated that XJS prevented the early development of CD-related intestinal fibrosis by blocking the Notch1 and FGL1 signaling pathways to activate autophagy and thereby inhibit EMT and EndoMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Li-Juan Lu
- Department of Gynaecology, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Zhao-Zheng Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Jun Du
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Ke Wen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, 215500, China.
| | - Xiao-Peng Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Xue-Liang Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, 215000, China.
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Zhao X, Yang W, Yu T, Yu Y, Cui X, Zhou Z, Yang H, Yu Y, Bilotta AJ, Yao S, Xu J, Zhou J, Yochum GS, Koltun WA, Portolese A, Zeng D, Xie J, Pinchuk IV, Zhang H, Cong Y. Th17 Cell-Derived Amphiregulin Promotes Colitis-Associated Intestinal Fibrosis Through Activation of mTOR and MEK in Intestinal Myofibroblasts. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:89-102. [PMID: 36113570 PMCID: PMC9772145 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intestinal fibrosis is a significant complication of Crohn's disease (CD). Gut microbiota reactive Th17 cells are crucial in the pathogenesis of CD; however, how Th17 cells induce intestinal fibrosis is still not completely understood. METHODS In this study, T-cell transfer model with wild-type (WT) and Areg-/- Th17 cells and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced chronic colitis model in WT and Areg-/- mice were used. CD4+ T-cell expression of AREG was determined by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effect of AREG on proliferation/migration/collagen expression in human intestinal myofibroblasts was determined. AREG expression was assessed in healthy controls and patients with CD with or without intestinal fibrosis. RESULTS Although Th1 and Th17 cells induced intestinal inflammation at similar levels when transferred into Tcrβxδ-/- mice, Th17 cells induced more severe intestinal fibrosis. Th17 cells expressed higher levels of AREG than Th1 cells. Areg-/- mice developed less severe intestinal fibrosis compared with WT mice on DSS insults. Transfer of Areg-/- Th17 cells induced less severe fibrosis in Tcrβxδ-/- mice compared with WT Th17 cells. Interleukin (IL)6 and IL21 promoted AREG expression in Th17 cells by activating Stat3. Stat3 inhibitor suppressed Th17-induced intestinal fibrosis. AREG promoted human intestinal myofibroblast proliferation, motility, and collagen I expression, which was mediated by activating mammalian target of rapamycin and MEK. AREG expression was increased in intestinal CD4+ T cells in fibrotic sites compared with nonfibrotic sites from patients with CD. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal that Th17-derived AREG promotes intestinal fibrotic responses in experimental colitis and human patients with CD. Thereby, AREG might serve as a potential therapeutic target for fibrosis in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Sealy Center for Microbiome Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Tianming Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Sealy Center for Microbiome Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Xiufang Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Yanbo Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Anthony J Bilotta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Suxia Yao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Jimin Xu
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Jia Zhou
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Gregory S Yochum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania; Department of Surgery, Pennsylvania State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Walter A Koltun
- Department of Surgery, Pennsylvania State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Austin Portolese
- Department of Surgery, Pennsylvania State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Defu Zeng
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Jingwu Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Iryna V Pinchuk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Sealy Center for Microbiome Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
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3
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Manjarín R, Dillard K, Coffin M, Hernandez GV, Smith VA, Noland-Lidell T, Gehani TR, Smart HJ, Wheeler K, Sprayberry KA, Edwards MS, Fanter RK, Glanz H, Immoos C, Santiago-Rodriguez TM, Blank JM, Burrin DG, Piccolo BD, Abo-Ismail M, La Frano MR, Maj M. Dietary fat composition shapes bile acid metabolism and severity of liver injury in a pig model of pediatric NAFLD. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 323:E187-E206. [PMID: 35858244 PMCID: PMC9423774 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00052.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary fatty acid (FA) composition on bile acid (BA) metabolism in a pig model of NAFLD, by using a multiomics approach combined with histology and serum biochemistry. Thirty 20-day-old Iberian pigs pair-housed in pens were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 3 hypercaloric diets for 10 wk: 1) lard-enriched (LAR; n = 5 pens), 2) olive oil-enriched (OLI; n = 5), and 3) coconut oil-enriched (COC; n = 5). Animals were euthanized on week 10 after blood sampling, and liver, colon, and distal ileum (DI) were collected for histology, metabolomics, and transcriptomics. Data were analyzed by multivariate and univariate statistics. Compared with OLI and LAR, COC increased primary and secondary BAs in liver, plasma, and colon. In addition, both COC and OLI reduced circulating fibroblast growth factor 19, increased hepatic necrosis, composite lesion score, and liver enzymes in serum, and upregulated genes involved in hepatocyte proliferation and DNA repair. The severity of liver disease in COC and OLI pigs was associated with increased levels of phosphatidylcholines, medium-chain triacylglycerides, trimethylamine-N-oxide, and long-chain acylcarnitines in the liver, and the expression of profibrotic markers in DI, but not with changes in the composition or size of BA pool. In conclusion, our results indicate a role of dietary FAs in the regulation of BA metabolism and progression of NAFLD. Interventions that aim to modify the composition of dietary FAs, rather than to regulate BA metabolism or signaling, may be more effective in the treatment of NAFLD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Bile acid homeostasis and signaling is disrupted in NAFLD and may play a central role in the development of the disease. However, there are no studies addressing the impact of diet on bile acid metabolism in patients with NAFLD. In juvenile Iberian pigs, we show that fatty acid composition in high-fat high-fructose diets affects BA levels in liver, plasma, and colon but these changes were not associated with the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Manjarín
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Kayla Dillard
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Morgan Coffin
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Gabriella V Hernandez
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Victoria A Smith
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Trista Noland-Lidell
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Tanvi R Gehani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Hayden J Smart
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Kevin Wheeler
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Kimberly A Sprayberry
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Mark S Edwards
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Rob K Fanter
- College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
- Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Hunter Glanz
- Department of Statistics, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Chad Immoos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | | | - Jason M Blank
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Douglas G Burrin
- USDA-ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Brian D Piccolo
- USDA-ARS Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Mohammed Abo-Ismail
- Department of Animal Science, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Michael R La Frano
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
- Cal Poly Metabolomics Service Center, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
| | - Magdalena Maj
- Department of Biological Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
- Center for Applications in Biotechnology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California
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Pehrsson M, Mortensen JH, Manon-Jensen T, Bay-Jensen AC, Karsdal MA, Davies MJ. Enzymatic cross-linking of collagens in organ fibrosis - resolution and assessment. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:1049-1064. [PMID: 34330194 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1962711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Enzymatic cross-linking of the collagens within the extracellular matrix (ECM) catalyzed by enzymes such as lysyl oxidase (LOX) and lysyl oxidase like-enzymes 1-4 (LOXL), transglutaminase 2 (TG2), and peroxidasin (PXDN) contribute to fibrosis progression through extensive collagen cross-linking. Studies in recent years have begun elucidating the important role of collagen cross-linking in perpetuating progression of organ fibrosis independently of inflammation through an increasingly stiff and noncompliant ECM. Therefore, collagen cross-linking and the cross-linking enzymes have become new targets in anti-fibrotic therapy as well as targets of novel biomarkers to properly assess resolution of the fibrotic ECM.Areas covered: The enzymatic actions of enzymes catalyzing collagen cross-linking and their relevance in organ fibrosis. Potential biomarkers specifically quantifying proteolytic fragments of collagen cross-linking is discussed based on Pubmed search done in November 2020 as well as the authors knowledge.Expert opinion: Current methods for the assessment of fibrosis involve the use of invasive and/or cumbersome and expensive methods such as tissue biopsies. Thus, an unmet need exists for the development and validation of minimally invasive biomarkers of proteolytic fragments of cross-linked collagens. These biomarkers may aid in the development and proper assessment of fibrosis resolution in coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pehrsson
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biomarkers & Research, Nordic Bioscience A/S, Herlev, Denmark
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5
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Moussa L, Demarquay C, Réthoré G, Benadjaoud MA, Siñeriz F, Pattapa G, Guicheux J, Weiss P, Barritault D, Mathieu N. Heparan Sulfate Mimetics: A New Way to Optimize Therapeutic Effects of Hydrogel-Embedded Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Colonic Radiation-Induced Damage. Sci Rep 2019; 9:164. [PMID: 30655576 PMCID: PMC6336771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical expression of gastrointestinal radiation toxicity on non-cancerous tissue could be very life threatening and clinicians must deal increasingly with the management of late side effects of radiotherapy. Cell therapy, in particular mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy, has shown promising results in numerous preclinical animal studies and thus has emerged as a new hope for patient refractory to current treatments. However, many stem cell clinical trials do not confer any beneficial effect suggesting a real need to accelerate research towards the successful clinical application of stem cell therapy. In this study, we propose a new concept to improve the procedure of MSC-based treatment for greater efficacy and clinical translatability. We demonstrated that heparan sulfate mimetic (HS-m) injections that restore the extracellular matrix network and enhance the biological activity of growth factors, associated with local injection of MSC protected in a hydrogel, that increase cell engraftment and cell survival, improve the therapeutic benefit of MSC treatment in two animal models relevant of the human pathology. For the first time, a decrease of the injury score in the ulcerated area was observed with this combined treatment. We also demonstrated that the combined treatment favored the epithelial regenerative process. In this study, we identified a new way, clinically applicable, to optimize stem-cell therapy and could be proposed to patients suffering from severe colonic defect after radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Moussa
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, LRMed, 31 avenue de la division Leclerc, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.,INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Regenerative Medicine and Squeleton (RMeS), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France
| | - Christelle Demarquay
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, LRMed, 31 avenue de la division Leclerc, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gildas Réthoré
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Regenerative Medicine and Squeleton (RMeS), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire 4 (OTONN), 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France
| | - Mohamed Amine Benadjaoud
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, LRMed, 31 avenue de la division Leclerc, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Fernando Siñeriz
- Société OTR3 (Organes, Tissus, Régénération, Réparation, Remplacement), 4 Rue Française, 75001, Paris, France
| | - Girish Pattapa
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Regenerative Medicine and Squeleton (RMeS), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Guicheux
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Regenerative Medicine and Squeleton (RMeS), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire 4 (OTONN), 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Weiss
- INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1229, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton (RMeS), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Regenerative Medicine and Squeleton (RMeS), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire 4 (OTONN), 1 Place Alexis Ricordeau, 44042, Nantes, France
| | - Denis Barritault
- Société OTR3 (Organes, Tissus, Régénération, Réparation, Remplacement), 4 Rue Française, 75001, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Est Créteil, Laboratoire de recherche sur la Croissance Cellulaire, Réparation, et Régénération Tissulaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université Paris-Est Créteil, 61 Ave du Gal de Gaulle, 94000, Créteil, France
| | - Noëlle Mathieu
- IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PSE-SANTE, SERAMED, LRMed, 31 avenue de la division Leclerc, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
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6
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Segnani C, Ippolito C, Antonioli L, Pellegrini C, Blandizzi C, Dolfi A, Bernardini N. Histochemical Detection of Collagen Fibers by Sirius Red/Fast Green Is More Sensitive than van Gieson or Sirius Red Alone in Normal and Inflamed Rat Colon. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144630. [PMID: 26673752 PMCID: PMC4682672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen detection in histological sections and its quantitative estimation by computer-aided image analysis represent important procedures to assess tissue localization and distribution of connective fibers. Different histochemical approaches have been proposed to detect and quantify collagen deposition in paraffin slices with different degrees of satisfaction. The present study was performed to compare the qualitative and quantitative efficiency of three histochemical methods available for collagen staining in paraffin sections of colon. van Gieson, Sirius Red and Sirius Red/Fast Green stainings were carried out for collagen detection and quantitative estimation by morphometric image analysis in colonic specimens from normal rats or animals with 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS) induced colitis. Haematoxylin/eosin staining was carried out to assess tissue morphology and histopathological lesions. Among the three investigated methods, Sirius Red/Fast Green staining allowed to best highlight well-defined red-stained collagen fibers and to obtain the highest quantitative results by morphometric image analysis in both normal and inflamed colon. Collagen fibers, which stood out against the green-stained non-collagen components, could be clearly appreciated, even in their thinner networks, within all layers of normal or inflamed colonic wall. The present study provides evidence that, as compared with Sirius Red alone or van Gieson staining, the Sirius Red/Fast Green method is the most sensitive, in terms of both qualitative and quantitative evaluation of collagen fibers, in paraffin sections of both normal and inflamed colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Segnani
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Ippolito
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Amelio Dolfi
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail:
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7
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Schuster L, Seifert O, Vollmer S, Kontermann RE, Schlosshauer B, Hartmann H. Immunoliposomes for Targeted Delivery of an Antifibrotic Drug. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:3146-57. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liane Schuster
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Seifert
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefanie Vollmer
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Roland E. Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Burkhard Schlosshauer
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Hanna Hartmann
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Markwiesenstr. 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
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8
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Coppens F, Iyyathurai J, Ruer S, Fioravanti A, Taganna J, Vereecke L, De Greve H, Remaut H. Structural and adhesive properties of the long polar fimbriae protein LpfD from adherent-invasive Escherichia coli. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 71:1615-26. [PMID: 26249343 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004715009803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease characterized by an exaggerated immune response to commensal microbiota in the intestines of patients. Metagenomic studies have identified specific bacterial species and strains with increased prevalence in CD patients, amongst which is the adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) strain LF82. AIEC strains express long polar fimbriae (LPF), which are known to target Peyer's patches in a mouse CD model. Here, the recombinant production of a soluble, self-complemented construct of the LpfD protein of E. coli LF82 is reported and it is demonstrated that it forms the adhesive tip subunit of LPF. The LpfD crystal reveals an N-terminal adhesin domain and a C-terminal pilin domain that connects the adhesin to the minor pilus subunit LpfE. Surface topology and sequence conservation in the adhesin domain hint at a putative receptor-binding pocket as found in the Klebsiella pneumoniae MrkD and E. coli F17-G (GafD) adhesins. Immunohistostaining of murine intestinal tissue sections revealed that LpfD specifically binds to the intestinal mucosa and submucosa. LpfD binding was found to be resistant to treatment with O- or N-glycosidases, but was lost in collagenase-treated tissue sections, indicating the possible involvement of an intestinal matrix-associated protein as the LpfD receptor. LpfD strongly adhered to isolated fibronectin in an in vitro assay, and showed lower levels of binding to collagen V and laminin and no binding to collagens I, III and IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Coppens
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jegan Iyyathurai
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ségolène Ruer
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antonella Fioravanti
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joemar Taganna
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lars Vereecke
- Inflammation Research Center, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Henri De Greve
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Han Remaut
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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9
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Willenberg T, Smith PC, Shepherd A, Davies AH. Visual disturbance following sclerotherapy for varicose veins, reticular veins and telangiectasias: a systematic literature review. Phlebology 2014; 28:123-31. [PMID: 23761921 DOI: 10.1258/phleb.2012.012051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to review the literature reporting visual disturbance (VD)following sclerotherapy for varicose veins. Underlying mechanisms will be discussed. A literature search of the databases Medline and Google Scholar was performed. Original articles including randomized trials, case series and case reports reporting VD in humans following sclerotherapy for varicose veins were included. Additional references were also obtained if they had been referenced in related publications. The search yielded 4948 results of which 25 reports were found to meet the inclusion criteria. In larger series with at least 500 included patients the prevalence of VD following sclerotherapy ranges from 0.09% to 2%. In most reports foam sclerotherapy was associated with VD (19); exclusive use of liquid sclerosant was reported in two cases, some reports included foam and liquid sclerosant (4). There were no persistent visual disorders reported. VD occurred with polidocanol and sodium tetradecyl sulphate in different concentrations (0.25–3%). Various forms of foam preparation including various ways of foam production and the liquid –air ratio (1 or 2 parts of liquid mixed with 3, 4 or 5 parts of air) were reported in association with the occurrence of VD. VDs following sclerotherapy for varicose veins are rare and all reported events were transient. Bubble embolism or any kind of embolism seems unlikely to be the only underlying mechanism. A systemic inflammatory response following sclerotherapy has been suggested. Further research to clarify the mechanism of action of sclerosants is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Willenberg
- Academic Section of Vascular Surgery Imperial College School of Medicine Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
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10
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Impact of low oxygen on the secretome of human adipose-derived stromal/stem cell primary cultures. Biochimie 2013; 95:2286-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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11
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Tong M, Tuk B, Shang P, Hekking IM, Fijneman EMG, Guijt M, Hovius SER, van Neck JW. Diabetes-impaired wound healing is improved by matrix therapy with heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan mimetic OTR4120 in rats. Diabetes 2012; 61:2633-41. [PMID: 22721969 PMCID: PMC3447910 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing in diabetes is frequently impaired, and its treatment remains a challenge. We tested a therapeutic strategy of potentiating intrinsic tissue regeneration by restoring the wound cellular environment using a heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan mimetic, OTR4120. The effect of OTR4120 on healing of diabetic ulcers was investigated. Experimental diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Seven weeks after induction of diabetes, rats were ulcerated by clamping a pair of magnet disks on the dorsal skin for 16 h. After magnet removal, OTR4120 was administered via an intramuscular injection weekly for up to 4 weeks. To examine the effect of OTR4120 treatment on wound heal-ing, the degree of ulceration, inflammation, angiogenesis, and collagen synthesis were evaluated. We found that OTR4120 treatment significantly reduced the degree of ulceration and the time of healing. These effects were associated with reduced neutrophil infiltration and macrophage accumulation and enhanced angiogenesis. OTR4120 treatment also increased the collagen content with an increase of collagen type I biosynthesis and reduction of collagen type III biosynthesis. Moreover, restoration of the ulcer biomechanical strength was significantly enhanced after OTR4120 treatment. This study shows that matrix therapy with OTR4120 improves diabetes-impaired wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Tong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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12
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The “soft collagen” hypothesis in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory bowel disease and the seronegative spondylarthritides. Med Hypotheses 2010; 75:284-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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13
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Ratzinger S, Eble JA, Pasoldt A, Opolka A, Rogler G, Grifka J, Grässel S. Collagen XVI induces formation of focal contacts on intestinal myofibroblasts isolated from the normal and inflamed intestinal tract. Matrix Biol 2010; 29:177-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 10/29/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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14
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Barbier-Chassefière V, Garcia-Filipe S, Yue XL, Kerros ME, Petit E, Kern P, Saffar JL, Papy-Garcia D, Caruelle JP, Barritault D. Matrix therapy in regenerative medicine, a new approach to chronic wound healing. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 90:641-7. [PMID: 18563829 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nonhealing wounds remain a major health problem whose treatment is challenging and costly. Treatments based on cells or growth factors are still not very effective. We developed an entirely novel strategy consisting in treatment of the wound-tissue matrix with biopolymers engineered to mimic heparan sulfates called OTR4120. This compound was dextran polymer with sulfated and carboxymethyl groupments. After binding to matrix proteins, the heparan-sulfate-mimicking polymer protects the microenvironment, maintaining the normal production of signals and growth factors needed for healing to occur. Here, we show that a specific biopolymer accelerates ulcer closure and improves re-epithelialization and dermal-matrix-component remodeling. OTR4120 treatment was associated with faster maturation of epidermal structures, most notably regarding the number of epithelial-cell layers, and with an appearance that more closely resembled normal skin. Treatment had also a main effect on collagen I and III expression. Necrotic skin ulcers induced in mice with doxorubicin recovered normal collagen levels and organization, with no evidence of fibrosis. Thus, appropriate polymer-based matrix therapy is a valid and simple alternative to regenerative medicine.
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15
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Albanese P, Caruelle D, Frescaline G, Delbé J, Petit-Cocault L, Huet E, Charnaux N, Uzan G, Papy-Garcia D, Courty J. Glycosaminoglycan mimetics–induced mobilization of hematopoietic progenitors and stem cells into mouse peripheral blood: Structure/function insights∗. Exp Hematol 2009; 37:1072-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2008] [Revised: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Reenaers C, Franchimont N, Oury C, Belaiche J, Malaise M, Bours V, Theatre E, Delvenne P, Louis E. Sensitivity of intestinal fibroblasts to TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-mediated apoptosis in Crohn's disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 2009; 43:1334-45. [PMID: 18942021 DOI: 10.1080/00365520802200010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Strictures and fistulas are common complications of Crohn's disease (CD). Collagen deposit and fibroblast proliferation can contribute to their development. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) binds two pro-apoptotic (TRAIL-R1, TRAIL-R2) and three anti-apoptotic (TRAIL-R3, TRAIL-R4, osteoprotegerin (OPG)) receptors. The aim of this work was to study TRAIL expression and the effects on intestinal fibroblasts (IFs) in CD. MATERIAL AND METHODS Intestinal samples from 25 CD (with or without fibrostenosing areas) and 38 control patients (with or without inflammation) were used. TRAIL, TRAIL R2 and TRAIL R3 expression in the intestine and in human IFs was studied by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunostaining in IF and intestinal samples. TRAIL-induced IF cell death was studied in the presence or absence of OPG and cytokines. Western blots for poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and caspase-8 were performed to confirm apoptosis in IFs. RESULTS Transcripts for TRAIL and its receptors were confirmed in the intestine. Immunostaining showed intestinal expression of TRAIL, TRAIL-R2 and TRAIL-R3 in fibroblasts, immune cells and epithelial cells, mainly in fibrostenosing areas. TRAIL-R3 mRNA expression was lower in IFs from fibrostenosing CD. The sensitivity of IFs to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis was higher in the fibrostenosing areas of CD. The effect of TRAIL was decreased by IL-6 and its soluble receptor and almost completely reversed by OPG in the CD patients involved. CONCLUSIONS TRAIL is expressed in the intestine and influences fibroblast survival. Variations in TRAIL expression and in TRAIL-mediated apoptosis could be involved in the tissue remodelling associated with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Reenaers
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Liège, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
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17
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Zuijdendorp HM, Smit X, Blok JH, Caruelle JP, Barritault D, Hovius SER, van Neck JW. Significant reduction in neural adhesions after administration of the regenerating agent OTR4120, a synthetic glycosaminoglycan mimetic, after peripheral nerve injury in rats. J Neurosurg 2008; 109:967-73. [PMID: 18976093 DOI: 10.3171/jns/2008/109/11/0967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Extradural and intraneural scar formation after peripheral nerve injury frequently causes tethering and compression of the nerve as well as inhibition of axonal regeneration. Regenerating agents (RGTAs) mimic stabilizing and protective properties of sulphated glycosaminoglycan toward heparin-binding growth factors. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an RGTA known as OTR4120 on extraneural fibrosis and axonal regeneration after crush injury in a rat sciatic nerve model. METHODS Thirty-two female Wistar rats underwent a standardized crush injury of the sciatic nerve. The animals were randomly allocated to RGTA treatment or sham treatment in a blinded design. To score neural adhesions, the force required to break the adhesions between the nerve and its surrounding tissue was measured 6 weeks after nerve crush injury. To assess axonal regeneration, magnetoneurographic measurements were performed after 5 weeks. Static footprint analysis was performed preoperatively and at Days 1, 7, 14, 17, 21, 24, 28, 35, and 42 postoperatively. RESULTS The magnetoneurographic data show no significant difference in conduction capacity between the RGTA and the control group. In addition, results of the static footprint analysis demonstrate no improved or accelerated recovery pattern. However, the mean pullout force of the RGTA group (67 +/- 9 g [mean +/- standard error of the mean]) was significantly (p < 0.001) lower than that of the control group (207 +/- 14 g [mean +/- standard error of the mean]). CONCLUSIONS The RGTAs strongly reduce nerve adherence to surrounding tissue after nerve crush injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Mischa Zuijdendorp
- Departments of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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18
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Tong M, Zbinden MM, Hekking IJM, Vermeij M, Barritault D, van Neck JW. RGTA OTR 4120, a heparan sulfate proteoglycan mimetic, increases wound breaking strength and vasodilatory capability in healing rat full-thickness excisional wounds. Wound Repair Regen 2008; 16:294-9. [PMID: 18318813 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-475x.2008.00368.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ReGeneraTing Agents (RGTAs), a family of polymers engineered to protect and stabilize heparin-binding growth factors, have been shown to promote tissue repair and regeneration. In this study, the effects of one of these polymers, RGTA OTR4120, on healing of full-thickness excisional wounds in rats were investigated. Two 1.5 cm diameter circular full-thickness excisional wounds were created on the dorsum of a rat. After creation of the wounds, RGTA OTR4120 was applied. The progress of healing was assessed quantitatively by evaluating the wound closure rate, vasodilatory capability, and wound breaking strength. The results showed a triple increase of the local vascular response to heat provocation in the RGTA OTR4120-treated wounds as compared with vehicle-treated wounds. On days 14 and 79 after surgery, the wounds treated with RGTA OTR4120 gained skin strength 12% and 48% of the unwounded skin, respectively, and displayed a significantly increased gain in skin strength when compared with control animals. These results raise the possibility of efficacy of RGTA OTR4120 in accelerating surgically cutaneous wound healing by enhancing the wound breaking strength and improving the microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Tong
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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19
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Fiasse R, Dewit O. Novel therapies based on enhancement of gut innate immunity in inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2007. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.17.12.1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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20
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Garcia-Filipe S, Barbier-Chassefiere V, Alexakis C, Huet E, Ledoux D, Kerros ME, Petit E, Barritault D, Caruelle JP, Kern P. RGTA OTR4120, a heparan sulfate mimetic, is a possible long-term active agent to heal burned skin. J Biomed Mater Res A 2007; 80:75-84. [PMID: 16958049 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Burn-related skin fibrosis leads to loss of tissue function and hypertrophic scar formation with damaging consequences for the patient. There is therefore a great need for an efficient agent to treat burned skin. We report that ReGeneraTing Agent (RGTA) reduces burn-induced skin alteration. The tissue-regenerating effect of RGTA OTR4120 was evaluated after 1-6 days and after 10 months in a rat skin burn model. This effect was also examined in vitro using fibroblasts isolated from control and 6-day-old burned skins. We measured production of dermal collagen I, III, and V and activities of metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9). Ratio of collagen III over collagen I production increased 6 days after the burn, because of a decrease in collagen I production. After 10 months, ratio of collagen III over collagen I in burn sites was still increased compared with control skin, because of an increase in collagen III production. Both abnormalities were corrected by OTR4120. OTR4120 increased pro- and active MMP-2 and MMP-9, compared with healthy and burned controls and therefore accelerated remodeling. Similar data were obtained with cultured fibroblasts from healthy and burned skins. OTR4120 enhanced healing in short- and long-term after burns, reducing the formation of fibrotic tissue, and then represents a potential agent to improve burned skin healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Garcia-Filipe
- Laboratoire CRRET/CNRS UMR 7149, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Paris 12 Val de Marne, Avenue du Général de Gaulle 94010, Créteil Cedex, France
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rieder
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
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22
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Barritault D, Caruelle JP. Les agents de régénération (ou RGTAs) : une nouvelle approche thérapeutique. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2006; 64:135-44. [PMID: 16568015 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4509(06)75306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
RGTAs, or ReGeneraTing Agents constitute a new class of medicinal substance that enhance both speed and quality of tissue healing and leading in some case to a real tissue regenerating process. RGTAs consist of chemically engineered polymers adapted to interact with and protect against proteolytic degradation of cellular signaling proteins known as growth factors, cytokines, interleukins, colony stimulating factors, chemokines, neurotrophic factors etc. Indeed almost all these proteins of cellular communication are naturally stored in the extra cellular matrix interacting specifically with the heparan sulfates or HS. After tissue injury of any cause, cells die liberating glycanases and proteases inducing first HS degradation then liberation of the cytokines which in turn are susceptible to degradation as they are no longer protected. By replacing the natural HS, RGTAs will protect cytokines from proteolyses as they are liberated from the matrix compartment matter in the wound. This spatio-temporal selective protection of cytokines results in a preservation of the natural endogenous signaling of a tissue and is reflected by spectacular tissue regeneration or by a very greatly improved tissue repair. These observations indicate that mammals have an unexpected ability to regenerate and that RGTA helps to reveal this capacity. The aim of OTR3 is to develop RGTA into a drug to treat specific tissue lesions.
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23
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Lallam-Laroye C, Escartin Q, Zlowodzki AS, Barritault D, Caruelle JP, Baroukh B, Saffar JL, Colombier ML. Periodontitis destructions are restored by synthetic glycosaminoglycan mimetic. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006; 79:675-83. [PMID: 16832824 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis are bacterium-driven inflammatory diseases that destroy tooth-supporting tissues whose complete restoration is not currently possible. RGTA, a new class of agents, have this capacity in an animal model. Periodontitis was induced in hamsters and, starting 8 weeks later, injected RG1503, a glycosaminoglycan synthesized from a 40 kDa dextran behaving like a heparan sulfate mimetic (1.5 mg kg(-1) w(-1)) or saline for 8 weeks. The three periodontium compartments were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and morphometry. The gingival extracellular matrix disorganized by inflammation was restoring under treatment. The collagen network was repaired and resumed its previous organization. Fibrillin-1 expression was restored so that the elastic network rebuilt at a distance from the pocket and began to reconstruct near the pocket. Apoptotic cell numbers were decreased in the pocket epithelium, and more so in the infiltrated connective tissue. The continuity and the thickness of the basement membrane were restored and testified normalization of epithelium connective tissue interaction. The amount of alveolar bone increased around the first molar, and the interradicular bone was rebuilt. The root cementum was thickened and the number of proliferating cells in the periodontal ligament was increased close to the cementum. RG1503 treatment induces potent anabolic reactions in the extracellular matrices of the different tissues of the periodontium and recruitment of progenitors. In particular, the cell proliferation close to the root surface suggests the reformation of a functional attachment apparatus. These results demonstrate that RG1503 reverses the degenerative changes induced by inflammation and favors the conditions of a regenerative process. Thus, RGTA, a known matrix component mimetic and protector, may be considered as a new therapeutic tool to regenerate the tissues destroyed by periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lallam-Laroye
- Laboratoire Réparations et Remodelages Oro-Faciaux, EA 2496, Faculté de Chirurgie, Université Paris-Descartes, Dentaire, 1 rue Maurice Arnoux, 92120 Montrouge, France
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24
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Alexakis C, Mestries P, Garcia S, Petit E, Barbier V, Papy-Garcia D, Sagot MA, Barritault D, Caruelle JP, Kern P. Structurally different RGTAs modulate collagen-type expression by cultured aortic smooth muscle cells via different pathways involving fibroblast growth factor-2 or transforming growth factor-beta1. FASEB J 2004; 18:1147-9. [PMID: 15132978 DOI: 10.1096/fj.03-1126fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We have engineered polymers called ReGeneraTing Agents (RGTAs), which mimic the protecting and potentiating properties of heparan sulfates toward heparin-binding growth factors (HBGF). RGTAs have been shown to optimize cell growth and regulate collagen production in vitro. Here, we studied relationships between RGTA structure and collagen-type expression in aortic smooth muscle cells by using two RGTAs, the carboxylmethylsulfate dextran RG-1503 and the carboxylmethylsulfate dextran with added benzylamide RG-1192. RG-1192 specifically induced a fivefold decrease in collagen III synthesis. This effect was abolished by FGF-2 neutralizing antibody. RG-1192 and FGF-2 acted synergistically to decrease collagen III. RG-1192 was more effective than heparin in this process. RG-1192 increased the pericellular localization of FGF-2 and protected FGF-2 from proteolysis. Surface plasmon resonance analysis indicated a Kd of 15.7 nM for the RG-1192/FGF-2 interaction (10.6 nM for the heparin/FGF-2 interaction). The structurally different RG-1503 (without benzylamide) did not interact with FGF-2 and worked synergistically with TGF-beta1 to specifically induce a twofold increase in collagen V. RGTAs with different structures exert different modulating effects on the collagen phenotype. Selection of appropriate RGTAs, which had been shown to enhance in vivo tissue repair, may provide a mean of correcting collagen abnormalities in vascular disorders and more generally in fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Alexakis
- CRRET/CNRS FRE 2412, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Paris 12, Créteil Cedex, France
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