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Engele LJ, van der Palen RL, Joosen RS, Sieswerda GT, Schoof PH, van Melle JP, Berger RM, Accord RE, Rammeloo LA, Konings TC, Helbing WA, Roos-Hesselink JW, van de Woestijne PC, Frerich S, van Dijk AP, Kuipers IM, Hazekamp MG, Mulder BJ, Breur JM, Blom N, Jongbloed MR, Bouma BJ. Clinical Course of TGA After Arterial Switch Operation in the Current Era. JACC. ADVANCES 2024; 3:100772. [PMID: 38939383 PMCID: PMC11198364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2023.100772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Background The number of patients with an arterial switch operation (ASO) for transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is steadily growing; limited information is available regarding the clinical course in the current era. Objectives The purpose was to describe clinical outcome late after ASO in a national cohort, including survival, rates of (re-)interventions, and clinical events. Methods A total of 1,061 TGA-ASO patients (median age 10.7 years [IQR: 2.0-18.2 years]) from a nationwide prospective registry with a median follow-up of 8.0 years (IQR: 5.4-8.8 years) were included. Using an analysis with age as the primary time scale, cumulative incidence of survival, (re)interventions, and clinical events were determined. Results At the age of 35 years, late survival was 93% (95% CI: 88%-98%). The cumulative re-intervention rate at the right ventricular outflow tract and pulmonary branches was 36% (95% CI: 31%-41%). Other cumulative re-intervention rates at 35 years were on the left ventricular outflow tract (neo-aortic root and valve) 16% (95% CI: 10%-22%), aortic arch 9% (95% CI: 5%-13%), and coronary arteries 3% (95% CI: 1%-6%). Furthermore, 11% (95% CI: 6%-16%) of the patients required electrophysiological interventions. Clinical events, including heart failure, endocarditis, and myocardial infarction occurred in 8% (95% CI: 5%-11%). Independent risk factors for any (re-)intervention were TGA morphological subtype (Taussig-Bing double outlet right ventricle [HR: 4.9, 95% CI: 2.9-8.1]) and previous pulmonary artery banding (HR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.0-2.2). Conclusions TGA-ASO patients have an excellent survival. However, their clinical course is characterized by an ongoing need for (re-)interventions, especially on the right ventricular outflow tract and the left ventricular outflow tract indicating a strict lifelong surveillance, also in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo J. Engele
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, the Netherlands
| | - Roel L.F. van der Palen
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Renée S. Joosen
- Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gertjan T. Sieswerda
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul H. Schoof
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital (Part of University Medical Center Utrecht), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost P. van Melle
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rolf M.F. Berger
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Centre for Congenital Heart Diseases, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ryan E. Accord
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas A.J. Rammeloo
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thelma C. Konings
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wim A. Helbing
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Stefan Frerich
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Academic Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Arie P.J. van Dijk
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Irene M. Kuipers
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark G.H. Hazekamp
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara J.M. Mulder
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes M.P.J. Breur
- Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nico Blom
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Monique R.M. Jongbloed
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Berto J. Bouma
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, the Netherlands
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Sengupta A, Carreon CK, Gauvreau K, Lee JM, Sanders SP, Colan SD, Del Nido PJ, Mayer JE, Nathan M. Growth of the Neo-Aortic Root and Prognosis of Transposition of the Great Arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024; 83:516-527. [PMID: 37939977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neo-aortic root dilatation can lead to significant late morbidity after the arterial switch operation (ASO) for dextro-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA). OBJECTIVES We sought to examine the growth of the neo-aortic root in d-TGA. METHODS A single-center, retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent the ASO between July 1, 1981 and September 30, 2022 was performed. Morphology was categorized as dextro-transposition of the great arteries with intact ventricular septum (d-TGA-IVS), dextro-transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect (d-TGA-VSD), and double-outlet right ventricle-transposition of the great arteries type (DORV-TGA). Echocardiographically determined diameters and derived z scores were measured at the annulus, sinus of Valsalva, and sinotubular junction immediately before the ASO and throughout follow-up. Trends in root dimensions over time were assessed using linear mixed-effects models. The association between intrinsic morphology and the composite of moderate-severe aortic regurgitation (AR) and neo-aortic valve or root intervention was evaluated with univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Of 1,359 patients who underwent the ASO, 593 (44%), 666 (49%), and 100 (7%) patients had d-TGA-IVS, d-TGA-VSD, and DORV-TGA, respectively. Each patient underwent a median of 5 echocardiograms (Q1-Q3: 3-10 echocardiograms) over a median follow-up of 8.6 years (range: 0.1-39.3 years). At 30 years, patients with DORV-TGA demonstrated greater annular (P < 0.001), sinus of Valsalva (P = 0.039), and sinotubular junction (P = 0.041) dilatation relative to patients with d-TGA-IVS. On multivariable analysis, intrinsic anatomy, older age at ASO, at least mild AR at baseline, and high-risk root dilatation were associated with moderate-severe AR and neo-aortic valve or root intervention at late follow-up (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal surveillance of the neo-aortic root is warranted long after the ASO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Sengupta
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Chrystalle Katte Carreon
- The Cardiac Registry, Departments of Cardiology, Pathology, and Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kimberlee Gauvreau
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ji M Lee
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen P Sanders
- The Cardiac Registry, Departments of Cardiology, Pathology, and Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven D Colan
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pedro J Del Nido
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John E Mayer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meena Nathan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Tseng SY, Tretter JT, Gao Z, Ollberding NJ, Lang SM. Aortic root rotational position associates with aortic valvar incompetence and aortic dilation after arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING 2023; 39:1013-1021. [PMID: 36809390 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-023-02794-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aortic dilation and valvar regurgitation can develop in transposition of the great arteries (TGA) after the arterial switch operation (ASO). Variation in aortic root rotational position affects flow dynamics in patients without congenital heart disease. The aim of this study was to assess neo-aortic root (neo-AoR) rotational position and its association with neo-AoR dilation, ascending aorta (AAo) dilation, and neo-aortic valvar regurgitation in TGA following ASO. METHODS Patients with TGA repaired by ASO who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) were reviewed. Neo-AoR rotational angle, neo-AoR and AAo dimensions indexed (to height), indexed left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDVI), and neo-aortic valvar regurgitant fraction (RF) were obtained from CMR. RESULTS Among 36 patients, the median age at CMR was 17.1 years (12.3, 21.9). Neo-AoR rotational angle (range - 52 to + 78°) was clockwise ( ≥ + 15°) in 50%, counterclockwise (<-9°) in 25%, and central (-9 to + 14°) in 25% of patients. A quadratic term for neo-AoR rotational angle, indicating increasing extremes of counterclockwise and clockwise angles, was associated with neo-AoR dilation (R2 = 0.132, p = 0.03), AAo dilation (R2 = 0.160, p = 0.016), and LVEDVI (R2 = 0.20, p = 0.007). These associations remained statistically significant on multivariable analyses. Rotational angle was negatively associated with neo-aortic valvar RF on univariable (p < 0.05) and multivariable analyses (p < 0.02). Rotational angle was associated with smaller bilateral branch pulmonary arteries (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION In patients with TGA after ASO, neo-AoR rotational position likely affects valvar function and hemodynamics, leading to a risk of neo-AoR and AAo dilation, aortic valvar incompetence, increasing left ventricular size, and smaller branch pulmonary arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Y Tseng
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA. .,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Justin T Tretter
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, The Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Zhiqian Gao
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nicholas J Ollberding
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sean M Lang
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Engele LJ, Mulder BJM, Schoones JW, Kiès P, Egorova AD, Vliegen HW, Hazekamp MG, Bouma BJ, Jongbloed MRM. The Coronary Arteries in Adults after the Arterial Switch Operation: A Systematic Review. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8090102. [PMID: 34564120 PMCID: PMC8468869 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8090102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery status in adults long after the arterial switch operation (ASO) is unclear. We conducted a systematic review to provide an overview of coronary complications during adulthood and to evaluate the value of routine coronary imaging in adults after ASO, in light of current guidelines. Articles were screened for the inclusion of adult ASO patients and data on coronary complications and findings of coronary imaging were collected. A total of 993 adults were followed with a median available follow-up of only 2.0 years after reaching adulthood. Myocardial ischemia was suspected in 17/192 patients (8.9%). The number of coronary interventions was four (0.4%), and coronary death was reported in four (0.4%) patients. A lack of ischemia-related symptoms cannot be excluded because innervation studies indicated deficient cardiac innervation after ASO, although data is limited. Anatomical high-risk features found by routine coronary computed tomography (cCT) included stenosis (4%), acute angle (40%), kinking (24%) and inter-arterial course (11%). No coronary complications were reported during pregnancy (n = 45), although, remarkably, four (9%) patients developed heart failure. The 2020 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines state that routine screening for coronary pathologies is questionable. Based on current findings and in line with the 2018 American ACC/AHA guidelines a baseline assessment of the coronary arteries in all ASO adults seems justifiable. Thereafter, an individualized coronary follow-up strategy is advisable at least until significant duration of follow-up is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo J Engele
- Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Centre, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, 3511 EP Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara J M Mulder
- Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Centre, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, 3511 EP Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W Schoones
- Directorate of Research Policy, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Philippine Kiès
- Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anastasia D Egorova
- Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hubert W Vliegen
- Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark G Hazekamp
- Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Berto J Bouma
- Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Centre, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, 3511 EP Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique R M Jongbloed
- Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Center for Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam-Leiden (CAHAL), Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Progresión y predictores de insuficiencia valvular neoaórtica y dilatación de la raíz neoaórtica en adultos jóvenes tras cirugía de switch arterial. Rev Esp Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2020.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Rueda Soriano J, Rodríguez Puras MJ, Buendía Fuentes F, Wals Rodríguez A, Osa Sáez A, Pulido I, Agüero Ramón-Llin J, Manso García B, Insa Albert B, Navarro S, Martínez-Dolz L, Gallego P. Time course and predictors for neoaortic root dilatation and neoaortic valve regurgitation during adult life after arterial switch operation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 74:329-336. [PMID: 32402686 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2020.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES There are limited data on the long-term development of neoaortic root dilatation (NRD) and neoaortic valve regurgitation (AR) after arterial switch operation (ASO) for transposition of the great arteries during adult life. METHODS We performed a retrospective longitudinal analysis of 152 patients older than 15 years who underwent ASO for transposition of the great arteries and who were followed-up for 4.9±3.3 years in 2 referral centers. Sequential changes in body surface-adjusted aortic root dimensions and progression to moderate/severe AR were determined in patients with 2 or more echocardiographic examinations. Risk factors for dilatation were tested by Cox regression to identify predictors of AR progression. RESULTS At baseline, moderate AR was present in 9 patients (5.9%) and severe AR in 4 (2.6%), of whom 3 had required aortic valve surgery. Initially, the median neoaortic root dimension was 20.05±2.4mm/m2, which increased significantly to 20.73±2.8mm/m2 (P <.001) at the end of follow-up. The mean change over time was 0.14mm/m2/y (95%CI, 0.07-0.2). Progressive AR was observed in 20 patients (13.5%) and 6 patients (4%) required aortic valve surgery. Progressive AR was associated with bicuspid valve, AR at baseline, NRD at baseline, and neoaortic root enlargement. Independent predictors were bicuspid valve (HR, 3.3; 95%CI, 1.1-15.2; P=.037), AR at baseline (HR, 5.9; 95%CI, 1.6-59.2; P=.006) and increase in NRD (HR, 4.1 95%CI, 2-13.5; P=.023). CONCLUSIONS In adult life, NRD and AR progress over time after ASO. Predictors of progressive AR are bicuspid valve, AR at baseline, and increase in NRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Rueda Soriano
- Unidad de Cardiopatías Congénitas del Adulto, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, CIBERCV, Valencia, Spain.
| | - María José Rodríguez Puras
- Unidad de Cardiopatías Congénitas del Adulto, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto BioMedicina (IBIS), CIBERCV, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Buendía Fuentes
- Unidad de Cardiopatías Congénitas del Adulto, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, CIBERCV, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amadeo Wals Rodríguez
- Unidad de Cardiopatías Congénitas del Adulto, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto BioMedicina (IBIS), CIBERCV, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Osa Sáez
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, CIBERCV, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ildefonso Pulido
- Unidad de Cardiopatías Congénitas del Adulto, Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jaime Agüero Ramón-Llin
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, CIBERCV, Valencia, Spain; Área de Fisiopatología del Miocardio, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Manso García
- Unidad de Cardiopatías Congénitas del Adulto, Sección de Cardiología Pediátrica, Hospital Infantil Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Beatriz Insa Albert
- Sección de Cardiología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Navarro
- Unidad de Cardiopatías Congénitas del Adulto, Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Dolz
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, CIBERCV, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pastora Gallego
- Unidad de Cardiopatías Congénitas del Adulto, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto BioMedicina (IBIS), CIBERCV, Sevilla, Spain
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Lübe Antunes Pereira F, Nunes Martins C, Lopes RM, Ferber Drummond M, Fantini FA, Correa Vrandecic E, Vrandecic Peredo MO, Gontijo Filho B. Impact of pulmonary artery reduction during arterial switch operation: 14 years follow-up. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2020; 30:917-924. [DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivaa034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVES
Pulmonary artery/aorta (PA/Ao) size discrepancy plays an important role in the development of neoaortic root growth and valve regurgitation. Since 2004, we started using PA reduction to manage severe great vessels root mismatch at the time of arterial switch operation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of this technique in the mid- and long-term follow-up.
METHODS
Patients considered to have severe PA/Ao mismatch (>2:1 ratio) underwent resection of a 3- to 4-mm flap of the posterior PA wall. Patients submitted to this technique were followed up with clinical and image examinations. Echocardiographic findings were reviewed, and Z-scores were recorded to evaluate the incidence and progression of neoaortic root dilatation and valve regurgitation.
RESULTS
The median (Q1–Q3) follow-up time was 8 years (3–11). Before arterial switch operation, the median (Q1–Q3) Z-score of the PA annulus was 2.90 (2.75–3.75). At the latest follow-up, the median Z-score of the neoaortic annulus was 1.34 (0.95–1.66). The mean difference between the Z-scores of PA annulus and neoaortic annulus was 1.56 (P < 0.0001). The mean value of the sinus of Valsalva was +0.29 ± 1, that of sinotubular junction was +0.71 ± 0.6 and that of ascending Ao was +1.09 ± 0.7. There was no severe dilatation of the neoaortic annulus, neoaortic root or ascending Ao during follow-up. Neoaortic valve regurgitation was none or mild in 93% of patients.
CONCLUSIONS
PA reduction proved to be a feasible and low-risk procedure to approach PA/Ao mismatch in arterial switch operation. Mid- and long-term follow-up showed a tendency towards stabilization of the neoaortic root dilatation and satisfactory valve performance after the procedure. Further investigation is required with a larger population and longer-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roberto Max Lopes
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Biocor Instituto, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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van der Palen RL, van der Zee C, Vink AS, Knobbe I, Jurgens SJ, van Leeuwen E, Bax CJ, du Marchie Sarvaas GJ, Blom NA, Haak MC, Bilardo CM, Clur SB. Transposition of the great arteries: Fetal pulmonary valve growth and postoperative neo-aortic root dilatation. Prenat Diagn 2019; 39:1054-1063. [PMID: 31351016 PMCID: PMC6900129 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectivesDocumentation of semilunar valve growth in fetal transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and the relationship between neo‐aortic root (NAoR) dilatation, a cause for postoperative reinterventions after the arterial switch operation (ASO), and pulmonary valve (PV) annulus dimensions prenatally.MethodsThis retrospective multicenter observational study included TGA fetuses suitable for ASO. Semilunar valve annuli pre‐ASO and NAoR diameters (post‐ASO) were measured. Trends in annulus diameters were analyzed using a linear mixed‐effects model and compared with normal values. Prenatal semilunar valve Z‐scores were correlated with NAoR diameters post‐ASO.ResultsWe included 137 TGA fetuses (35.8% with significant ventricular septal defects [VSDs]). One hundred twenty‐one underwent ASO. Fetal TGA‐PV diameters were significantly larger than control aortic valve (AoV) and PV annuli from 23 and 27 weeks, respectively, especially when a VSD was present. Fetal TGA‐AoV annuli were significantly larger than control AoV and PV annuli from 26 and 30 weeks, respectively.Z‐scores of fetal TGA‐PV and NAoR diameter at last follow‐up correlated significantly (P < .001 at 26‐30 wk).ConclusionFetal TGA semilunar valve annuli are larger than control annuli, especially when there is a significant VSD. Factors besides postoperative hemodynamics, including fetal anatomy, PV Z‐score, prenatal flow, connective tissue properties, and genetics, may influence the risk for late reintervention in these fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel L.F. van der Palen
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of PediatricsLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Carlijn van der Zee
- Department of Pediatric CardiologyEmma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Arja S. Vink
- Department of Pediatric CardiologyEmma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Heart Centre, Department of CardiologyAcademic Medical Centre, Amsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ingmar Knobbe
- Department of Pediatric CardiologyAmsterdam UMC, Free UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sean J. Jurgens
- Department of Pediatric CardiologyEmma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth van Leeuwen
- Department of Prenatal DiagnosisAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Caroline J. Bax
- Department of Prenatal DiagnosisAmsterdam UMC, Free UniversityAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Nico A. Blom
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of PediatricsLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric CardiologyEmma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Monique C. Haak
- Department of Prenatal DiagnosisLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Caterina M. Bilardo
- Department of Prenatal DiagnosisUniversity Medical Centre GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Sally‐Ann B. Clur
- Department of Pediatric CardiologyEmma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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9
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Palen RL, Deurvorst QS, Kroft LJ, Boogaard PJ, Hazekamp MG, Blom NA, Lamb HJ, Westenberg JJ, Roest AA. Altered Ascending Aorta Hemodynamics in Patients After Arterial Switch Operation for Transposition of the Great Arteries. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 51:1105-1116. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roel L.F. Palen
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of PediatricsLeiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Quirine S. Deurvorst
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of PediatricsLeiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Lucia J.M. Kroft
- Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Pieter J. Boogaard
- Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Mark G. Hazekamp
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryLeiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Nico A. Blom
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of PediatricsLeiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Hildo J. Lamb
- Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Jos J.M. Westenberg
- Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Arno A.W. Roest
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of PediatricsLeiden University Medical Center Leiden The Netherlands
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10
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van der Palen RLF, van der Bom T, Dekker A, Tsonaka R, van Geloven N, Kuipers IM, Konings TC, Rammeloo LAJ, Ten Harkel ADJ, Jongbloed MRM, Koolbergen DR, Mulder BJM, Hazekamp MG, Blom NA. Progression of aortic root dilatation and aortic valve regurgitation after the arterial switch operation. Heart 2019; 105:1732-1740. [PMID: 31292191 PMCID: PMC6855793 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2019-315157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study neo-aortic growth and the evolution of neo-aortic valve regurgitation (AR) in patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) after arterial switch operation (ASO) from newborn to adulthood and to identify patients at risk. Methods Neo-aortic dimensions (annulus/root/sinotubular junction) and neo-aortic valve regurgitation were assessed serially in 345 patients with TGA who underwent ASO between 1977 and 2015. Linear mixed-effect models were used to assess increase of neo-aortic dimensions over time and to identify risk factors for dilatation. Risk factor analysis for AR by using time-dependent Cox regression models. Results After a rapid increase in the first year after ASO and proportional growth in childhood, neo-aortic dimensions continue to increase in adulthood without stabilisation. Annual diameter increase in adulthood was 0.39±0.06, 0.63±0.09 and 0.54±0.11 mm for, respectively, neo-aortic annulus, root and sinotubular junction, all significantly exceeding normal growth. AR continues to develop over time: freedom from AR ≥moderate during the first 25 years post-ASO was 69%. Risk factors for root dilatation were complex TGA anatomy (TGA-ventricular septal defect (VSD), double outlet right ventricle with subpulmonary VSD) and male gender. Risk factors for AR ≥moderate were: complex TGA anatomy and neo-aortic growth. Per millimetre increase in aortic root dimension, there was a 9% increase in the hazard of AR ≥moderate. Bicuspid pulmonary valve did not relate to the presence of root dilatation or AR. Conclusion After ASO, neo-aortic dilatation proceeds beyond childhood and is associated with an increase in AR incidence over time. Careful follow-up of the neo-aortic valve and root function is mandatory, especially in males and in patients with complex TGA anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel L F van der Palen
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Teun van der Bom
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annika Dekker
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roula Tsonaka
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nan van Geloven
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Irene M Kuipers
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thelma C Konings
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas A J Rammeloo
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arend D J Ten Harkel
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monique R M Jongbloed
- Department of Anatomy&Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dave R Koolbergen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara J M Mulder
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark G Hazekamp
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nico A Blom
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Abstract
A bicuspid aortic valve and/or coarctation of the aorta (COA) are often associated with dilatation of the ascending aorta and para-coarctation. Congenital heart diseases (CHD), such as truncus arteriosus, transposition of the great arteries (TGA), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), single ventricle with pulmonary stenosis/atresia and the Fontan procedure, are also associated with aortic root dilatation, aneurysm and rarely, dissection, which can be fatal and require aortic valve and root surgery. A significant subset of adults with complex CHD exhibit progressive dilatation of the aortic root even after repair due to aortic medial degeneration. Medial degeneration in the ascending aorta is prevalent among the above CHD. In Marfan syndrome, bicuspid aortic valve and COA, medial degeneration is more extensive and severe than in another complex CHD. Accordingly, the incidence of ascending aortic dilatation, dissection and rupture is higher in the former. This aortic medial degeneration in CHD may either be intrinsic or secondary to the increased volume overload of the aortic root due to right-to-left shunting, or a combination of both. The association of aortic pathophysiological abnormalities, aortic dilatation and aorto-ventricular interaction is clinically referred to as "aortopathy". The major purpose of medical treatment for aortopathy is to reduce the structural changes within the aortic wall and slow down the progression of aortic dilatation to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Several medications have been studied, including β-blockers, angiotensin II type I (AT1) receptor blockers (ARBs) and Ca-antagonists. However, the results, except for Marfan syndrome, are limited. In aortopathy, concomitant aortic valve and aortic root repair/replacement is required. The Bentall operation comprises root replacement with an aortic tube graft and mechanical valve, and has been widely applied. On the other hand, valve-sparing operations have been developed in order to preserve the aortic valve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Niwa
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, St Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Patients with complete and congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries commonly survive into adulthood and present with a vast array of clinical residua. RECENT FINDINGS Echocardiography remains the primary imaging modality in the routine assessment of the adult with transposition of the great arteries. It provides a comprehensive anatomic and hemodynamic evaluation. Limitations to echocardiography include evaluation of the following: the systemic right ventricle, baffle patency following atrial switch procedure, coronary arteries following arterial switch procedure or Nikadoh, and multilevel right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. SUMMARY Each form of palliation for transposition of the great arteries results in unique long-term sequelae that affect outcomes. A multimodality approach to imaging is required for a complete evaluation.
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13
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Kuijpers JM, Mulder BJM. Aortopathies in adult congenital heart disease and genetic aortopathy syndromes: management strategies and indications for surgery. Heart 2017; 103:952-966. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2015-308626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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14
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Shepard CW, Germanakis I, White MT, Powell AJ, Co-Vu J, Geva T. Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Findings Late After the Arterial Switch Operation. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 9:CIRCIMAGING.116.004618. [DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.116.004618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background—
Despite its robust diagnostic capabilities in adolescents and adult patients after the arterial switch operation, little information is available on the cardiovascular magnetic resonance findings in this population.
Methods and Results—
The cardiovascular magnetic resonance findings of 220 consecutive patients evaluated in our center were retrospectively reviewed (median age at cardiovascular magnetic resonance, 15.4 years; 66.8% male sex). Compared with published normal values, left and right ventricular end-diastolic volume
z
scores were mildly enlarged (0.48±1.76 and 0.33±1.5;
P
=0.0003 and 0.0038, respectively), with 26% of patients having left ventricular dilatation and 20% having right ventricular dilatation. Left ventricular dysfunction was present in 21.5% of patients (mild in most), and only 5.1% of patients had mild right ventricular dysfunction. Myocardial scar was found in 1.8% of patients. Dilatation of the neoaortic root was common (76%), and root
z
score increased at an average rate of 0.03 points per year. By multivariable analysis, neoaortic root dilatation was associated with worse neoaortic valve regurgitation (OR, 5.29;
P
=0.0016). The diameters of the thoracic aorta distal to the root were near-normal in most patients, whereas the neomain pulmonary artery was typically oval shaped with decreased anteroposterior and normal lateral diameters.
Conclusions—
Although the majority of arterial switch operation patients have normal ventricular size and function and myocardial scar is rare, an important minority exhibits ventricular enlargement or dysfunction. Neoaortic root dilatation, which is present in most patients and progresses over time, is strongly associated with significant neoaortic valve regurgitation. The findings of this study provide reference values against which arterial switch operation patients can be compared with their peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W. Shepard
- From the The Children’s Heart Clinic, Minneapolis, MN (C.W.S.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Crete, Greece (I.G.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, MA; and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.T.W., A.J.P., T.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville (J.C.-V.)
| | - Ioannis Germanakis
- From the The Children’s Heart Clinic, Minneapolis, MN (C.W.S.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Crete, Greece (I.G.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, MA; and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.T.W., A.J.P., T.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville (J.C.-V.)
| | - Matthew T. White
- From the The Children’s Heart Clinic, Minneapolis, MN (C.W.S.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Crete, Greece (I.G.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, MA; and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.T.W., A.J.P., T.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville (J.C.-V.)
| | - Andrew J. Powell
- From the The Children’s Heart Clinic, Minneapolis, MN (C.W.S.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Crete, Greece (I.G.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, MA; and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.T.W., A.J.P., T.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville (J.C.-V.)
| | - Jennifer Co-Vu
- From the The Children’s Heart Clinic, Minneapolis, MN (C.W.S.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Crete, Greece (I.G.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, MA; and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.T.W., A.J.P., T.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville (J.C.-V.)
| | - Tal Geva
- From the The Children’s Heart Clinic, Minneapolis, MN (C.W.S.); Department of Pediatrics, University of Crete, Greece (I.G.); Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, MA; and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (M.T.W., A.J.P., T.G.); Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville (J.C.-V.)
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15
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Baruteau AE, Vergnat M, Kalfa D, Delpey JG, Ly M, Capderou A, Lambert V, Belli E. Long-term outcomes of the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries and ventricular septal defect and/or aortic arch obstruction. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2016; 23:240-6. [PMID: 27141085 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivw102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Long-term outcomes after the arterial switch operation (ASO) for complex transposition of the great arteries (TGA) should be clarified. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted in patients operated on between 1982 and 1998. Overall 220 postoperative survivors, 79.1% with a ventricular septal defect, 13.2% with multiple ventricular septal defects, and 29.1% with aortic arch obstruction, were followed for 17 years (0-28 years). RESULTS The conditional survival rate was 96.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 94.4-99.1] at 25 years. Late sudden death occurred in 2 asymptomatic patients. The cumulative incidence rate of death or reinterventions was 3.8% (95% CI: 2.9-4.8) at 25 years, with age at ASO <10 days and aortic regurgitation at discharge identified as independent risk factors. The cumulative incidence rate of neoaortic regurgitation was 41.6% (95% CI: 20.5-62.8) at 25 years with an aorto-pulmonary diameter mismatch at the time of the ASO, age at ASO <10 days and aortic regurgitation at discharge identified as independent risk factors. At the last follow-up, 53 patients (24.1%) had neoaortic root dilatation with an aortic sinus z-score ≥3 and 6 of them had a Bentall operation at a median delay of 14.1 years since the ASO. The only independent factors for neoaortic root dilatation were male sex and an aorto-pulmonary diameter mismatch at the time of the ASO. CONCLUSIONS Despite a continual rate of reinterventions, long-term survival and cardiovascular outcome are excellent after ASO for complex TGA. Dilatation of the neoaortic root and neoaortic regurgitation may be observed with time and 2 late sudden deaths occurred, justifying a close follow-up in all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alban-Elouen Baruteau
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Marie-Lannelongue Hospital, Paris-Sud University, Paris, France Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mathieu Vergnat
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Marie-Lannelongue Hospital, Paris-Sud University, Paris, France
| | - David Kalfa
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Guillaume Delpey
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Marie-Lannelongue Hospital, Paris-Sud University, Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Ly
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Marie-Lannelongue Hospital, Paris-Sud University, Paris, France
| | - André Capderou
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Marie-Lannelongue Hospital, Paris-Sud University, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Lambert
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Marie-Lannelongue Hospital, Paris-Sud University, Paris, France
| | - Emre Belli
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Marie-Lannelongue Hospital, Paris-Sud University, Paris, France
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16
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Plummer ST, Hornik CP, Baker H, Fleming GA, Foerster S, Ferguson ME, Glatz AC, Hirsch R, Jacobs JP, Lee KJ, Lewis AB, Li JS, Martin M, Porras D, Radtke WAK, Rhodes JF, Vincent JA, Zampi JD, Hill KD. Maladaptive aortic properties after the Norwood procedure: An angiographic analysis of the Pediatric Heart Network Single Ventricle Reconstruction Trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2016; 152:471-479.e3. [PMID: 27167022 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aortic arch reconstruction in children with single ventricle lesions may predispose to circulatory inefficiency and maladaptive physiology leading to increased myocardial workload. We sought to describe neoaortic anatomy and physiology, risk factors for abnormalities, and impact on right ventricular function in patients with single right ventricle lesions after arch reconstruction. METHODS Prestage II aortic angiograms from the Pediatric Heart Network Single Ventricle Reconstruction trial were analyzed to define arch geometry (Romanesque [normal], crenel [elongated], or gothic [angular]), indexed neoaortic dimensions, and distensibility. Comparisons were made with 50 single-ventricle controls without prior arch reconstruction. Factors associated with ascending neoaortic dilation, reduced distensibility, and decreased ventricular function on the 14-month echocardiogram were evaluated using univariate and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Interpretable angiograms were available for 326 of 389 subjects (84%). Compared with controls, study subjects more often demonstrated abnormal arch geometry (67% vs 22%, P < .01) and had increased ascending neoaortic dilation (Z score 3.8 ± 2.2 vs 2.6 ± 2.0, P < .01) and reduced distensibility index (2.2 ± 1.9 vs 8.0 ± 3.8, P < .01). Adjusted odds of neoaortic dilation were increased in subjects with gothic arch geometry (odds ratio [OR], 3.2 vs crenel geometry, P < .01) and a right ventricle-pulmonary artery shunt (OR, 3.4 vs Blalock-Taussig shunt, P < .01) but were decreased in subjects with aortic atresia (OR, 0.7 vs stenosis, P < .01) and those with recoarctation (OR, 0.3 vs no recoarctation, P = .04). No demographic, anatomic, or surgical factors predicted reduced distensibility. Neither dilation nor distensibility predicted reduced right ventricular function. CONCLUSIONS After Norwood surgery, the reconstructed neoaorta demonstrates abnormal anatomy and physiology. Further study is needed to evaluate the longer-term impact of these features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - M Eric Ferguson
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | | | - Russel Hirsch
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey P Jacobs
- Johns Hopkins Children's Heart Surgery, All Children's Hospital and Florida Hospital for Children, St Petersburg, Tampa, and Orlando, Fla
| | - Kyong-Jin Lee
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan B Lewis
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Calif
| | | | - Mary Martin
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
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17
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Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common type of birth defect. The advent of corrective cardiac surgery and the increase in knowledge concerning the longitudinal care of patients with CHD has led to a spectacular increase in life expectancy. Therefore, >90% of children with CHD, who survive the first year of life, will live into adulthood. The etiology of CHD is complex and is associated with both environmental and genetic causes. CHD is a genetically heterogeneous disease that is associated with long-recognized chromosomal abnormalities, as well as with mutation in numerous (developmental) genes. Nevertheless, the genetic factors underlying CHD have remained largely elusive, and it is important to realize that in the far majority of CHD patients no causal mutation or chromosomal abnormality is identified. However, new insights (alternative inheritance paradigms) and technology (next-generation sequencing) have become available that can greatly advance our understanding of the genetic factors that contribute to CHD; these will be discussed in this review. Moreover, we will focus on the discovery of regulatory regions of key (heart) developmental genes and the occurrence of variations and mutations within, in the setting of CHD.
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18
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Long-term follow-up after the arterial switch operation: Not as perfect as we would have hoped? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015; 149:968. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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