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Hossain S, Maggi E, Vezzulli A. Factors influencing the road accidents in low and middle-income countries: a systematic literature review. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2024; 31:294-322. [PMID: 38379460 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2024.2319618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
This paper studies the main factors affecting road traffic accidents (RTAs) using a systematic review. The primary focus is on factors related to road characteristics and driver behaviours. This review also addresses the socioeconomic and demographic factors to provide a clear overview of which groups suffer the most from RTAs. Several factors were found to affect RTAs, notably road characteristics: highways, high-speed roads, unplanned intersections and two-way roads without dividers; driver behaviours: reckless/aggressive driving and riding, excessive speeding, unawareness of traffic laws, and not using safety equipment; and vehicle types: four and two-wheeled. This review found that male and economically productive people with less education were mostly associated with RTAs. In addition, for most of the low and middle-income countries analyzed, there is a lack of quality data relating to RTAs. Nevertheless, this review provides researchers and policy makers with a better understanding of road accidents for improving road safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saddam Hossain
- Department of Economics, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Elena Maggi
- Department of Economics, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Andrea Vezzulli
- Department of Economics, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Goel R, Tiwari G, Varghese M, Bhalla K, Agrawal G, Saini G, Jha A, John D, Saran A, White H, Mohan D. Effectiveness of road safety interventions: An evidence and gap map. CAMPBELL SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2024; 20:e1367. [PMID: 38188231 PMCID: PMC10765170 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Road Traffic injuries (RTI) are among the top ten leading causes of death in the world resulting in 1.35 million deaths every year, about 93% of which occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite several global resolutions to reduce traffic injuries, they have continued to grow in many countries. Many high-income countries have successfully reduced RTI by using a public health approach and implementing evidence-based interventions. As many LMICs develop their highway infrastructure, adopting a similar scientific approach towards road safety is crucial. The evidence also needs to be evaluated to assess external validity because measures that have worked in high-income countries may not translate equally well to other contexts. An evidence gap map for RTI is the first step towards understanding what evidence is available, from where, and the key gaps in knowledge. Objectives The objective of this evidence gap map (EGM) is to identify existing evidence from all effectiveness studies and systematic reviews related to road safety interventions. In addition, the EGM identifies gaps in evidence where new primary studies and systematic reviews could add value. This will help direct future research and discussions based on systematic evidence towards the approaches and interventions which are most effective in the road safety sector. This could enable the generation of evidence for informing policy at global, regional or national levels. Search Methods The EGM includes systematic reviews and impact evaluations assessing the effect of interventions for RTI reported in academic databases, organization websites, and grey literature sources. The studies were searched up to December 2019. Selection Criteria The interventions were divided into five broad categories: (a) human factors (e.g., enforcement or road user education), (b) road design, infrastructure and traffic control, (c) legal and institutional framework, (d) post-crash pre-hospital care, and (e) vehicle factors (except car design for occupant protection) and protective devices. Included studies reported two primary outcomes: fatal crashes and non-fatal injury crashes; and four intermediate outcomes: change in use of seat belts, change in use of helmets, change in speed, and change in alcohol/drug use. Studies were excluded if they did not report injury or fatality as one of the outcomes. Data Collection and Analysis The EGM is presented in the form of a matrix with two primary dimensions: interventions (rows) and outcomes (columns). Additional dimensions are country income groups, region, quality level for systematic reviews, type of study design used (e.g., case-control), type of road user studied (e.g., pedestrian, cyclists), age groups, and road type. The EGM is available online where the matrix of interventions and outcomes can be filtered by one or more dimensions. The webpage includes a bibliography of the selected studies and titles and abstracts available for preview. Quality appraisal for systematic reviews was conducted using a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews, AMSTAR 2. Main Results The EGM identified 1859 studies of which 322 were systematic reviews, 7 were protocol studies and 1530 were impact evaluations. Some studies included more than one intervention, outcome, study method, or study region. The studies were distributed among intervention categories as: human factors (n = 771), road design, infrastructure and traffic control (n = 661), legal and institutional framework (n = 424), post-crash pre-hospital care (n = 118) and vehicle factors and protective devices (n = 111). Fatal crashes as outcomes were reported in 1414 records and non-fatal injury crashes in 1252 records. Among the four intermediate outcomes, speed was most commonly reported (n = 298) followed by alcohol (n = 206), use of seatbelts (n = 167), and use of helmets (n = 66). Ninety-six percent of the studies were reported from high-income countries (HIC), 4.5% from upper-middle-income countries, and only 1.4% from lower-middle and low-income countries. There were 25 systematic reviews of high quality, 4 of moderate quality, and 293 of low quality. Authors' Conclusions The EGM shows that the distribution of available road safety evidence is skewed across the world. A vast majority of the literature is from HICs. In contrast, only a small fraction of the literature reports on the many LMICs that are fast expanding their road infrastructure, experiencing rapid changes in traffic patterns, and witnessing growth in road injuries. This bias in literature explains why many interventions that are of high importance in the context of LMICs remain poorly studied. Besides, many interventions that have been tested only in HICs may not work equally effectively in LMICs. Another important finding was that a large majority of systematic reviews are of low quality. The scarcity of evidence on many important interventions and lack of good quality evidence-synthesis have significant implications for future road safety research and practice in LMICs. The EGM presented here will help identify priority areas for researchers, while directing practitioners and policy makers towards proven interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Goel
- Transportation Research and Injury Prevention CentreIndian Institute of Technology DelhiNew DelhiIndia
| | - Geetam Tiwari
- Transportation Research and Injury Prevention CentreIndian Institute of Technology DelhiNew DelhiIndia
| | | | - Kavi Bhalla
- Department of Public Health SciencesUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Girish Agrawal
- Transportation Research and Injury Prevention CentreIndian Institute of Technology DelhiNew DelhiIndia
| | | | - Abhaya Jha
- Transportation Research and Injury Prevention CentreIndian Institute of Technology DelhiNew DelhiIndia
| | - Denny John
- Faculty of Life and Allied Health SciencesM S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, BangaloreKarnatakaIndia
| | | | | | - Dinesh Mohan
- Transportation Research and Injury Prevention CentreIndian Institute of Technology DelhiNew DelhiIndia
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Lee BC, Choi J, Ahn J, Martin BJ. The different contributions of the eight prefrontal cortex subregions to reactive responses after unpredictable slip perturbations and vibrotactile cueing. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1236065. [PMID: 37746054 PMCID: PMC10513030 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1236065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent advancements in functional near-infrared spectroscopy technology have offered a portable, wireless, wearable solution to measure the activity of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the human neuroscience field. This study is the first to validate the different contributions made by the PFC's eight subregions in healthy young adults to the reactive recovery responses following treadmill-induced unpredictable slip perturbations and vibrotactile cueing (i.e., precues). Methods Our fall-inducing technology platform equipped with a split-belt treadmill provided unpredictable slip perturbations to healthy young adults while walking at their self-selected walking speed. A portable, wireless, wearable, and multi-channel (48 channels) functional near-infrared spectroscopy system evaluated the activity of PFC's eight subregions [i.e., right and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), frontopolar prefrontal cortex (FPFC), and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)] as quantified by oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations. A motion capture system and two force plates beneath the split-belt treadmill were used to quantify participants' kinematic and kinetic behavior. All participants completed 6 trials: 2 consecutive trials without vibrotactile cueing and with a slip perturbation (control trials); 3 trials with vibrotactile cueing [2 trials with the slip perturbation (cueing trial) and 1 trial without the slip perturbation (catch trial)], and 1 trial without vibrotactile cueing and with a slip perturbation (post-control trial). The PFC subregions' activity and kinematic behavior were assessed during the three periods (i.e., standing, walking, and recovery periods). Results Compared to the walkers' standing and walking periods, recovery periods showed significantly higher and lower levels of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations, respectively, in the right and left DLPFC, VLPFC, and FPFC, regardless of the presence of vibrotactile cueing. However, there was no significant difference in the right and left OFC between the three periods. Kinematic analyses confirmed that vibrotactile cueing significantly improved reactive recovery responses without requiring more involvement by the PFC subregions, which suggests that the sum of attentional resources is similar in cued and non-cued motor responses. Discussion The results could inform the design of wearable technologies that alert their users to the risks of falling and assist with the development of new gait perturbation paradigms that prompt reactive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom-Chan Lee
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Center for Neuromotor and Biomechanics Research, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jooeun Ahn
- Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bernard J. Martin
- Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Hu J, He G, Meng R, Gong W, Ren Z, Shi H, Lin Z, Liu T, Zeng F, Yin P, Bai G, Qin M, Hou Z, Dong X, Zhou C, Pingcuo Z, Xiao Y, Yu M, Huang B, Xu X, Lin L, Xiao J, Zhong J, Jin D, Zhao Q, Li Y, Gama C, Xu Y, Lv L, Zeng W, Li X, Luo L, Zhou M, Huang C, Ma W. Temperature-related mortality in China from specific injury. Nat Commun 2023; 14:37. [PMID: 36596791 PMCID: PMC9810693 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35462-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Injury poses heavy burden on public health, accounting for nearly 8% of all deaths globally, but little evidence on the role of climate change on injury exists. We collect data during 2013-2019 in six provinces of China to examine the effects of temperature on injury mortality, and to project future mortality burden attributable to temperature change driven by climate change based on the assumption of constant injury mortality and population scenario. The results show that a 0.50% (95% confident interval (CI): 0.13%-0.88%) increase of injury mortality risk for each 1 °C rise in daily temperature, with higher risk for intentional injury (1.13%, 0.55%-1.71%) than that for unintentional injury (0.40%, 0.04%-0.77%). Compared to the 2010s, total injury deaths attributable to temperature change in China would increase 156,586 (37,654-272,316) in the 2090 s under representative concentration pathways 8.5 scenario with the highest for transport injury (64,764, 8,517-115,743). Populations living in Western China, people aged 15-69 years, and male may suffer more injury mortality burden from increased temperature caused by climate change. Our findings may be informative for public health policy development to effectively adapt to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Guanhao He
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Ruilin Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Weiwei Gong
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Zhoupeng Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Heng Shi
- Tibet Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa, 850002, China
| | - Ziqiang Lin
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Fangfang Zeng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Peng Yin
- The National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Guoxia Bai
- Tibet Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa, 850002, China
| | - Mingfang Qin
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650034, China
| | - Zhulin Hou
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xiaomei Dong
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Chunliang Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Zhuoma Pingcuo
- Tibet Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa, 850002, China
| | - Yize Xiao
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, 650034, China
| | - Min Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Biao Huang
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Lifeng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Jieming Zhong
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Donghui Jin
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Qinglong Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yajie Li
- Tibet Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa, 850002, China
| | - Cangjue Gama
- Tibet Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lhasa, 850002, China
| | - Yiqing Xu
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Lingshuang Lv
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Weilin Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Xing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Liying Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 511430, China
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- The National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
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Peltzer K. Psychosocial factors associated with physical injury among adults in Eswatini. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2023.2175982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Hossain S, Maggi E, Vezzulli A. Factors associated with crash severity on Bangladesh roadways: empirical evidence from Dhaka city. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2022; 29:300-311. [DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2022.2029908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saddam Hossain
- Department of Economics, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Elena Maggi
- Department of Economics, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Andrea Vezzulli
- Department of Economics, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Varese, Italy
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Peralta-Santos A, Gimbel S, Sorensen R, Covele A, Kawakatsu Y, Wagenaar BH, Augusto O, Ásbjörnsdóttir KH, Gloyd SS, Cuembelo F, Sherr K. The neglected epidemic-Risk factors associated with road traffic injuries in Mozambique: Results of the 2016 INCOMAS study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000163. [PMID: 36962258 PMCID: PMC10021512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In 2019, 93% of road traffic injury related mortality occurred in low- and middle-income countries, an estimated burden of 1.3 million deaths. This problem is growing; by 2030 road traffic injury will the seventh leading cause of death globally. This study both explores factors associated with RTIs in the central region of Mozambique, as well as pinpoints geographical "hotspots" of RTI incidence. A cross-sectional, population-level survey was carried out in two provinces (Sofala and Manica) of central Mozambique where, in addition to other variables, the number of road traffic injuries sustained by the household within the previous six months, was collected. Urbanicity, household ownership of a car or motorcycle, and socio-economic strata index were included in the analysis. We calculated the prevalence rate ratios using a generalized linear regression with a Poisson distribution, as well as the spatial prevalence rate ratio using an Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation. The survey included 3,038 households, with a mean of 6.29 (SD 0.06) individuals per household. The road traffic injury rate was 6.1% [95%CI 7.1%, 5.3%]. Urban residence was associated with a 47% decrease in rate of injury. Household motorbike ownership was associated with a 92% increase in the reported rate of road traffic injury. Higher socio-economic status households were associated with a 26% increase in the rate of road traffic injury. The rural and peri-urban areas near the "Beira corridor" (national road N6) have higher rates of road traffic injuries. In Mozambique, living in the rural areas near the "Beira corridor", higher household socio-economic strata, and motorbike ownership are risk factors for road traffic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Peralta-Santos
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sarah Gimbel
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Child, Family and Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Reed Sorensen
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Yoshito Kawakatsu
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Bradley H Wagenaar
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Orvalho Augusto
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Health Alliance International, Beira, Mozambique
- Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Kristjana Hrönn Ásbjörnsdóttir
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Stephen S Gloyd
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Kenneth Sherr
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Rogers C. Audiologists should not fail with falls: A call to commit to prevention of falls in older adults. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2021; 68:e1-e5. [PMID: 34636596 PMCID: PMC8517736 DOI: 10.4102/sajcd.v68i1.841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, falls are a serious economic and public health concern. While all age groups are impacted by falls, the threats to morbidity and mortality are most severe in older adults. Recent literature has linked hearing loss, and related issues such as an increase in sedentary behaviour, to a greater risk of falls. Therefore, this opinion article aims to raise audiologists’ awareness of falls in ageing patients or clients, and calls for change in terms of having these rehabilitation professionals embrace identification and management of fall risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Rogers
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town.
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Wang M, Wu F, Callisaya ML, Jones G, Winzenberg TM. Neither leg muscle strength nor balance are associated with the incidence of falls in middle-aged women: A 5-year population-based prospective study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:e187-e193. [PMID: 33929494 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle strength and balance are major modifiable factors of falls in older adults, but their associations with falls in middle-aged adults are under investigated. We aimed to examine the association of baseline and change in leg muscle strength (LMS) and balance with the incidence of falls in a cohort of middle-aged women. METHODS This was a five-year follow-up of a population-based sample of 273 women aged 36-57 years at baseline (2011-2012). Data on LMS (by dynamometer) and balance (timed up and go test [TUG], step test [ST], functional reach test [FRT], and lateral reach test [LRT]) were obtained at baseline and five years later (2017-2018). After five years, falls were recorded monthly for one year by questionnaire (2017-2019). Negative binomial/Poisson and log binomial regressions were used as appropriate to assess associations of baseline and change in LMS and balance with any falls, injurious falls and multiple falls. RESULTS Over one-year, 115 participants (42%) reported at least one fall. Neither baseline nor 5-year change in LMS and balance measures were associated with the risk of any falls, injurious falls, or multiple falls five years later, with or without adjusting for confounders at baseline (incidence rate ratio/relative risk ranging from 0.85 to 1.19, 0.90 to 1.20, and 0.82 to 1.36, respectively; P>0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS Baseline or change in LMS and balance measures are not associated with incident falls among middle-aged women. The contributions of environmental and other intrinsic factors such as chronic conditions and gait/mobility problems need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Feitong Wu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Michele L Callisaya
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia
| | - Graeme Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Tania M Winzenberg
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Road Traffic Injuries and Related Safety Measures: A Multicentre Analysis at Military Hospitals in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. Emerg Med Int 2021; 2021:6617381. [PMID: 33708446 PMCID: PMC7932803 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6617381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Road traffic injuries are one of the major public safety issues around the world, as they put a great burden on countries' economies. Saudi Arabia has a good road transportation system, but still, road-related fatalities are higher in this country. The main purpose of this study was to determine the association between the severity of injuries caused by road traffic collision and safety measures taken by the drivers admitted to the emergency departments at two military hospitals in Tabuk, a city in Saudi Arabia. Methods A total of 342 male drivers who had injuries due to road traffic collision took part in this multicentre, cross-sectional study. The research sites were King Salman Armed Forces Hospital and King Khalid Armed Forces Hospital in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. The data were collected using a common protocol and a self-reported questionnaire with the help of convenience sampling approach. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were done using IBM SPSS version 23. Results Nearly 62.0% of the male drivers were aged less than 36 years. About 90% of the drivers were from low- and middle-income groups. Logistic regression analysis indicated that drivers who had road traffic collision and used mobile phones while driving were four times more likely to have severe injuries (OR = 3.89; 95% CI (2.53, 5.95)), those who drove the vehicle at an excessive speed limit were three times more likely to have severe injuries (OR = 2.71; 95% CI (1.01, 4.97)), and those who attempted to overtake another vehicle were two times more likely to have severe injuries (OR = 1.85; 95% CI (1.24, 3.77)). Conclusion Based on the results of the present study, the most important safety measures which contributed the most to road traffic collision were use of mobile phones while driving the vehicle, driving at an excessive speed limit, irregularity in maintaining the vehicle, attempt to pass other vehicles, and not following the traffic rules. All the safety measures are protective, but if care is not taken, they will risk the life. There is an urgent need to spread traffic safety awareness in this region.
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Medic-Pericevic S, Mikov I, Glavaski-Kraljevic M, Spanovic M, Bozic A, Vasovic V, Mikov M. The effects of aging and driving experience on reaction times of professional drivers. Work 2020; 66:405-419. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-203181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Medic-Pericevic
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Institute of Occupational Health of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivan Mikov
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Clinical Centre of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Glavaski-Kraljevic
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Institute of Occupational Health of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milorad Spanovic
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Institute of Occupational Health of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Andrea Bozic
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Velibor Vasovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Momir Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Wu D, Yang T, Yang XY, Hoe CH, Peng S, Yu L. Behavioral and psychosocial correlates of road traffic injuries: evidence from a nationwide study on Chinese undergraduates. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2020; 21:375-381. [PMID: 32496809 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2020.1770236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and behavioral and psychosocial correlates of road traffic injuries (RTIs) among Chinese university students.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among fifty universities in China, using a multi-stage sampling methodology. The participants were asked to report their RTIs in the past year. The chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were utilized to identify factors associated with RTIs, including specific types of RTIs.Results: Among the 11,770 participants, a total of 1,482 university students reported at least one RTI yielding an overall weighted injury prevalence of 12.96% over the past year. Estimated weighted prevalence by type was 6.10%, 5.94%, 5.12%, and 5.35% for automobile (car, truck, or bus), bicycle, motorcycle, and pedestrian injuries, respectively. Logistic regression analysis found that students who studied at low-level universities, smoked cigarettes, drank alcohol, slept less than 7 hours, went to bed after 12:00 am, or students with psychological distress were more likely to experience overall and four types of RTIs. Students who studied in the eastern universities had a higher likelihood of automobile injury, motorcycle injury and pedestrian injury than those who studied in western universities.Conclusions: Several critical factors associated with RTIs were identified. These findings have implications for the design and implementation of RTI prevention and interventions programs targeted at university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Psychology/Research Center on Quality of Life and Applied Psychology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingzhong Yang
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Injury Control Research Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Xiaozhao Yousef Yang
- School of Sociology and Anthropology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Connie H Hoe
- International Health Department, Health Systems Program, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sihui Peng
- Department of Social Medicine/Center for Tobacco Control Research, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingwei Yu
- Department of Social Medicine/Center for Tobacco Control Research, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Fathollahi S, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Rezaei N, Jafari A, Peykari N, Haghshenas R, Shams-Beyranvand M, Damerchilu B, Mehregan A, Khezrian M, Hasan M, Momen Nia Rankohi E, Darman M, Moghisi A, Farzadfar F. Prevalence of behavioural risk factors for road-traffic injuries among the Iranian population: findings from STEPs 2016. Int J Epidemiol 2020; 48:1187-1196. [PMID: 30843066 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.6 in Iran, we need to have a comprehensive understanding of the distribution of risky behaviours regarding road-traffic injuries at national and sub-national levels. Little is known about the road-use vulnerability patterns of road-traffic injuries in Iran. The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of self-reported human risk factors in road-traffic injuries using the findings from a large-scale cross-sectional study based on the World Health Organization's stepwise approach to surveillance of non-communicable diseases (STEPs). METHODS A cross-sectional survey study in 2016 assessed the road-use pattern and prevalence of risky behaviours of people more than 18 years old. In this study, we planned to recruit 31 050 individuals as a representative sample at national and provincial levels. In practice, 30 541 individuals (3105 clusters) from urban and rural areas of Iran were selected. Basic socio-demographic data, major behavioural risk factors such as seatbelt and helmet non-compliance, drunk driving and occupant in a car with a drunk driver were assessed through baseline interviews gathered through an Android tablet-based questionnaire. RESULTS The overall prevalence of seatbelt and helmet compliance was 75.2% (95% confidence interval: 74.7-75.7) and 13.9% (13.4-14.5), respectively, at the national level. The prevalence of risk-taking behaviours such as drink driving was 0.5% (0.4-0.6) and for being an occupant in a car with a drunk driver was 3.5% (3.2-3.8). At the provincial level, the highest age-standardized prevalence of seatbelt compliance (89.6%) was almost 1.5 times higher than the lowest provincial prevalence (58.5%). In 63% of provinces, the lowest prevalence of seatbelt compliance was observed among people aged 18-24 years old. CONCLUSIONS In Iran, existing disease-prevention and health-promotion programmes should be expanded to target vulnerable subgroups that have more prevalent human risk factors for road-traffic injuries. Further research is required to investigate the context-specific proximal human risk factors and vulnerability patterns in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Fathollahi
- Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazila Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ayyoob Jafari
- Faculty of Electrical, Biomedical and Mechatronics Engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Niloofar Peykari
- Deputy for Education, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rosa Haghshenas
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Shams-Beyranvand
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Damerchilu
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Mehregan
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Khezrian
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Hasan
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ezzatollah Momen Nia Rankohi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Biomedical Engineering, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Darman
- Department of Epidemiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Moghisi
- Deputy of Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran and
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Peng K, Tian M, Andersen M, Zhang J, Liu Y, Wang Q, Lindley R, Ivers R. Incidence, risk factors and economic burden of fall-related injuries in older Chinese people: a systematic review. Inj Prev 2019; 25:4-12. [PMID: 30670560 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2018-042982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE China's population is ageing and fall-related injury in older Chinese people is a growing public health concern. This review aims to synthesise existing evidence on the incidence, risk factors and economic burden of fall-related injury among older Chinese people to inform health service planning. METHODS A systematic search of literature on falls and injury among older people living in China was performed in six electronic databases including both English and Chinese databases. Results were combined using narrative synthesis due to the heterogeneity of included studies. RESULTS A total of 93 studies from Mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong were included in this review. Most of these studies were descriptive; 82 reported the incidence of fall-related injury among older Chinese people, 7 studies examined the risk factors for fall-related injury and 22 studies described the economic burden of fall-related injury. The incidence of fall-related injury reported among older Chinese people ranged from 0.6% to 19.5%. Risk factors significantly associated with fall-related injury among older Chinese included older age, female sex, walking aid use, living environments, chronic disease, medication usage, visual impairment and a fall direction other than forward. The cost of fall-related injury among older Chinese people ranged from US$16 to US$3812 per person per fall. CONCLUSION Falls-related injuries are a significant public health issue for older Chinese people. Further studies using prospective design to identify risk factors and the economic burden of fall-related injuries are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Peng
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia .,School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maoyi Tian
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Melanie Andersen
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jing Zhang
- The George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yishu Liu
- The George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qilong Wang
- Peking University Fourth Clinical Medicine School at Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Richard Lindley
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Ivers
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Stickley A, Oh H, Sumiyoshi T, McKee M, Koyanagi A. Injury and depression among 212 039 individuals in 40 low- and middle-income countries. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2019; 29:e32. [PMID: 31084664 PMCID: PMC8063218 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796019000210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Although injuries have been linked to worse mental health, little is known about this association among the general population in low- and middle-income countries (LAMICs). This study examined the association between injuries and depression in 40 LAMICs that participated in the World Health Survey. METHODS Cross-sectional information was obtained from 212 039 community-based adults on the past 12-month experience of road traffic and other (non-traffic) injuries and depression, which was assessed using questions based on the World Mental Health Survey version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and meta-analysis were used to examine associations. RESULTS The overall prevalence (95% CI) of past 12-month traffic injury, other injury, and depression was 2.8% (2.6-3.0%), 4.8% (4.6-5.0%) and 7.4% (7.1-7.8%), respectively. The prevalence of traffic injuries [range 0.1% (Ethiopia) to 5.1% (Bangladesh)], and other (non-traffic) injuries [range 0.9% (Myanmar) to 12.1% (Kenya)] varied widely across countries. After adjusting for demographic variables, alcohol consumption and smoking, the pooled OR (95%CI) for depression among individuals experiencing traffic injury based on a meta-analysis was 1.72 (1.48-1.99), and 2.04 (1.85-2.24) for those with other injuries. There was little between-country heterogeneity in the association between either form of injury and depression, although for traffic injuries, significant heterogeneity was observed between groups by country-income level (p = 0.043) where the pooled association was strongest in upper middle-income countries (OR = 2.37) and weakest in low-income countries (OR = 1.46). CONCLUSIONS Alerting health care providers in LAMICs to the increased risk of worse mental health among injury survivors and establishing effective trauma treatment systems to reduce the detrimental effects of injury should now be prioritised.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Stickley
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
- The Stockholm Center for Health and Social Change (SCOHOST), Södertörn University, Huddinge 141 89, Sweden
| | - H. Oh
- University of Southern California, Suzanne Dworak Peck School of Social Work, 1149 South Hill Street Suite 1422, Los Angeles, CA 90015, USA
| | - T. Sumiyoshi
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
| | - M. McKee
- Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - A. Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
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New-Aaron M, Semin J, Duysen EG, Madsen M, Musil K, Rautiainen RH. Comparison of agricultural injuries reported in the media and census of fatal occupational injuries. J Agromedicine 2019; 24:279-287. [DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2019.1593276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moses New-Aaron
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jessica Semin
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Health Research and Service Administration, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Ellen G Duysen
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Central States Center for Agricultural Safety and Health, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Murray Madsen
- Central States Center for Agricultural Safety and Health, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Kelsie Musil
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Risto H Rautiainen
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
- Central States Center for Agricultural Safety and Health, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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17
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Injurious Falls among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Indonesia. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res 2018; 2018:5964305. [PMID: 29971097 PMCID: PMC6008814 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5964305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence and health correlates of fall-related injury in a national population-based community-dwelling sample of older Indonesians. METHODS Participants were 6698 older adults, 50 years and older (median age 58.0 years, IQR=11.0, and age range of 50-101 years), who took part in in the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS-5) in 2014-15. They provided information about sociodemographic, various health variables, including a falling down and received treatment history in the last two years. RESULTS Overall, 12.8% had one or more fall-related injuries in the past two years, 14.0% among women and 11.5% among men, 7.6% had a single fall, and 5.2% multiple fall-related injuries in the past two years. In multivariable logistic regression models, having two or more chronic conditions, urinary problems, and functional disability was independently associated with multiple fall-related injuries in the past two years in both sexes. Sex-specific risk factors were former tobacco use, having or having had a cataract, sleep disturbance, and sleep impairment in men and poorer economic background, depression symptoms, and low cognitive functioning in women. CONCLUSION A significant proportion of older adults in Indonesia have fall-related injury. Several homogenous between the sexes and sex-specific risk factors for fall-related injury were identified that can help in designing fall-prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
- Department of Research & Innovation, University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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18
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Islam JY, Zaman MM, Bhuiyan MR, Hasan MM, Ahsan HN, Rahman MM, Rahman MR, Jalil Chowdhury MA. Alcohol consumption among adults in Bangladesh: Results from STEPS 2010. WHO South East Asia J Public Health 2018; 6:67-74. [PMID: 28597862 DOI: 10.4103/2224-3151.206168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Alcohol use is a risk factor for the development of noncommunicable diseases. National data are needed to assess the prevalence of alcohol use in the Bangladeshi population. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence and patterns of alcohol use among men and women of rural and urban areas of Bangladesh. Additionally, predictors of ever alcohol use were also identified. Methods A nationally representative cross-sectional survey (STEPS 2010) was conducted on 9275 adults between November 2009 and April 2010. Participants were selected using multi-stage random cluster sampling. Data on several risk factors for noncommunicable diseases, including alcohol use, were collected by an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Results Among the total population, 5.6% (n = 519) reported to have ever drunk alcohol and 94.4% (8756) were lifetime abstainers; 2.0% (n = 190) of participants reported to have drunk alcohol within the last 12 months. Of these, 94.7% (n = 180) were men. Only 0.9% (n = 87) of the total population had drunk alcohol within the last 30 days and were categorized as current drinkers. Among current drinkers, 77.0% (n = 67) were defined as binge drinkers, having had at least one episode of heavy drinking in this time period; 92.0% (n = 80) were current smokers and 59.8% (n = 52) had either no formal education or less than primary school education. Ever alcohol use was more common among men, those who live in urban areas and smokers. Conclusion Alcohol use is low in Bangladesh; however, those who do use alcohol frequently binge drink, which is a public health concern. Targeted efforts should be made on these specific groups, to control and prevent the continued use of alcohol in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Yasmine Islam
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, United States of America; World Health Organization Country Office for Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M Mostafa Zaman
- World Health Organization Country Office for Bangladesh , Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahfuz R Bhuiyan
- World Health Organization Country Office for Bangladesh , Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ham Nazmul Ahsan
- Department of Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mujibur Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Shahid Suhrawardy Hospital Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ridwanur Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Shahid Suhrawardy Hospital Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M A Jalil Chowdhury
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Pradhan J, Dwivedi R, Pati S, Rout SK. Does spending matters? Re-looking into various covariates associated with Out of Pocket Expenditure (OOPE) and catastrophic spending on accidental injury from NSSO 71st round data. HEALTH ECONOMICS REVIEW 2017; 7:48. [PMID: 29264664 PMCID: PMC5738333 DOI: 10.1186/s13561-017-0177-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accidental Injury is a traumatic event which not only influences physical, psychological, and social wellbeing of the households but also exerts extensive financial burden on them. Despite the devastating economic burden of injuries, in India, there is limited data available on injury epidemiology. This paper aims to, first, examine the socio-economic differentials in Out of Pocket Expenditure (OOPE) on accidental injury; second, to look into the level of Catastrophic Health Expenditure (CHE) at different threshold levels; and last, to explore the adjusted effect of various socio-economic covariates on the level of CHE. METHODS Data was extracted from the key indicators of social consumption in India: Health, National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO), conducted by the Government of India during January-June-2014. Logistic regression analysis was employed to analyse the various covariates of OOPE and CHE associated to accidental injury. FINDINGS Binary Logistic analysis has demonstrated a significant association between socioeconomic status of the households and the level of OOPE and CHE on accidental injury care. People who used private health services incurred 16 times higher odds of CHE than those who availed public facilities. The result shows that if the person is covered via any type of insurance, the odd of CHE was lower by about 28% than the uninsured. Longer duration of stay and death due to accidental injury was positively associated with higher level of OOPE. Economic status, nature of healthcare facility availed and regional affiliation significantly influence the level of OOPE and CHE. CONCLUSION Despite numerous efforts by the Central and State governments to reduce the financial burden of healthcare, large number of households are still paying a significant amount from their own pockets. There are huge differentials in cost for the treatment among public and private healthcare providers for accidental injury. It is expected that the findings would provide insights into the prevailing magnitude of accidental injuries in India, the profile of the population affected, and the level of OOPE among households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalandhar Pradhan
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Orissa 769 008 India
| | - Rinshu Dwivedi
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Orissa 769 008 India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751023 India
| | - Sarit Kumar Rout
- Indian Institute of Public Health-PHFI, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024 India
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