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Mashi H, Alamri E, Alotaibi S, Omer JA. Knowledge and Attitude Toward Child Safety Seat Use in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e54813. [PMID: 38529431 PMCID: PMC10962219 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Car safety seats (CSS) are a well-established strategy to reduce injuries and fatalities among children involved in road traffic accidents. However, the use of CSS is generally low globally due to limited knowledge of its benefits. This study assessed parents' knowledge and attitudes toward CSS in Saudi Arabia. Methods This cross-sectional study used an online self-administered survey distributed among residents in different regions of Saudi Arabia to assess their knowledge and attitude toward CSS. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results A total of 383 Saudi residents participated in the study. The mean age was 37.14 ±9.10 years, with a female predominance (62.1%, n=238). One-third of the participants were from the western region of Saudi Arabia (30.3%, n=109). Non-use of CSS was reported by 25.8% of the participants, while 11.7% reported that they rarely used CSS. The mean total knowledge score was 2.15 (range 0 -3). A lower knowledge score was significantly associated with a lower educational level (p=0.008), not having information regarding CSS (p=0.005), none or rare use of CSS by the parent (p<0.001), and the use of media or self-education as a source of information regarding CSS (p=0.002). The mean attitude score was 12.52 (range 4 -20). The attitude score was significantly associated with gender (p=0.002), education (p=0.014), number of children (p=0.005), monthly family income (p=0.028), use of CSS by people other than the parent (p<0.001), information about CSS use in the car (p<0.002), source of information (p<0.001), and use of CSS by the parent (p<0.001). Conclusions The knowledge and attitude of the Suadi population toward CSS use are inadequate, highlighting the need to enhance awareness and understanding of the importance of CSS use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Mashi
- Pediatrics, King Fahad Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jazan, SAU
| | - Esra Alamri
- Pediatrics, Children Specialized Hospital, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | - Jamal A Omer
- Pediatrics, King Fahad Medical City, Central Second Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, SAU
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Bakhurji EA, M Alqahtani A, M Alwashmi E, S Husain M, Gaffar BO. The effect of social media campaign on parental knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding the use of children car seats in the Gulf region. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1816. [PMID: 37726749 PMCID: PMC10508007 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16742-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) are the leading cause of child deaths in the Gulf Cooperation Council. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a social media educational campaign on parents' knowledge of child safety seats. METHODS We conducted a pre-post interventional study as an online educational module in Arabic and English. The module link was shared on social media and was accompanied by a pre-post survey that included questions about demographics, knowledge, and practices of car seat use. RESULTS A total of 303 participants completed the campaign, with 23.8% fathers and 76.2% mothers answered the survey. The majority of participants were from Saudi Arabia (95.7%), while 4.3% were from other Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Most parents agreed on the importance of organizing awareness campaigns and having a law to enforce the use of car seats. The pre-survey mean knowledge score was 11.64, which significantly increased to 13.1 in the post-survey (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The intervention of the educational campaign through social media resulted in a significant increase in parents' knowledge and awareness of the importance of using car seats correctly. This study highlights the potential effectiveness of social media campaigns in improving parents' knowledge and awareness of child safety seats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Bakhurji
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 34212, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Albandari M Alqahtani
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ezdehar M Alwashmi
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manayer S Husain
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Balgis O Gaffar
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 34212, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Kargar S, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Ansari H. The prevalence of seat belt use among drivers and passengers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2023; 98:14. [PMID: 37528241 PMCID: PMC10393920 DOI: 10.1186/s42506-023-00139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seat belts might save people's lives in car accidents by preventing severe collision damage and keeping passengers safe from critical injuries. This meta-analysis was performed to assess the prevalence of seat belt use among drivers and passengers. METHODS The databases of PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), and Google Scholar were searched from the beginning of 2000 to late December 2020 to identify studies that investigated the prevalence of seat belt use among drivers and passengers. The pooled prevalence was calculated using a random-effects model. The STATA-v14 software was used to perform data analysis. RESULTS Sixty-eight studies that met the inclusion criteria and were suitable for this meta-analysis were identified. The pooled prevalence of seat belt use was 43.94% (95% CI: 42.23-45.73) among drivers, 38.47% (95% CI: 34.89-42.42) among front-seat passengers, and 15.32% (95% CI: 12.33-19.03) among rear-seat passengers. The lowest seat belt use among drivers and passengers was observed in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa, while the highest use was reported in Europe and America. Moreover, the prevalence of seat belt use was higher among women drivers [51.47% (95% CI: 48.62-54.48)] than men drivers [38.27% (95% CI: 34.98-41.87)] (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the highest prevalence of seat belt use was seen among drivers (68.9%) and front-seat passengers (50.5%) of sports utility vehicles (SUVs); in contrast, the lowest prevalence was observed among drivers and passengers of public vehicles such as buses, minibuses, and taxis. CONCLUSIONS In general, the prevalence of seat belt use was not high among drivers and was even lower among passengers. Moreover, drivers and passengers in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa had the lowest prevalence of seat belt usage. Additionally, drivers and passengers of public transportation (buses, minibuses, and taxis) had a lower rate of seat belt use, especially among men. Therefore, effective interventional programs to improve seat belt use should be designed and implemented, particularly among these at-risk populations in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Kargar
- Health Promotion Research Centre, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Ansari
- Health Promotion Research Centre, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Cazacu-Stratu A, Varga NK, Cociu S, Dulf D, Peek-Asa C. Child safety restraint patterns in Moldova. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2022; 23:483-487. [PMID: 35947496 PMCID: PMC11267053 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2022.2106476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Republic of Moldova has one of the European region's highest road traffic injury rates and also has an increase in motorization and exposure of children as vehicle passengers. This study describes child restraint use, and parents' knowledge and attitudes toward child restraint based on observations in Chisinau, the country's capital and largest city. The study aims to describe the use of child restraints and to compare data with existing standards of good practice. METHODS An observational study on child safety restraint use was conducted in 2018. Observational sites included 22 early education institutions, where drivers (n = 611) and child passengers (n = 710) were observed. Observations were conducted as motor vehicles parked or pulled to a stop near the early education institutions and included a driver survey on knowledge and attitudes toward restraint legislation and child safety behavior. RESULTS Of the 710 child passengers observed, 462 (65.1%) were appropriately restrained, 145 (20.4%) were seated in restraints inappropriate for the child and 103 (14.5%) of children were unrestrained. Younger children (0-3 year-old) were 7 times more likely to be properly restrained compared with children with ages between 4 and 6 (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.15 to 3.22). Two-thirds out of 609 observed drivers with full study data, N = 431 (70,8%), knew about the mandatory legislation on using child safety restraints in the Republic of Moldova. The drivers using child safety restraints responded that they used them because of their safety features, and the major reason for nonuse was high price/affordability. CONCLUSION This study, the first to document child safety restraint use among children, indicates that much progress has been made, in that the majority of children are restrained and most drivers of children are aware of safety policies. However, progress can be made to increase knowledge and motivation to safely transport children, and to ensure safety seats are affordable and available. These data will be an important foundation on which to advocate for increased safety activities, child restraint policies, educational approaches in Moldova and to monitor progress over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Cazacu-Stratu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, “Nicolae Testemitanu” State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Nane-Katharina Varga
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Political, Administrative and Communication Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Svetlana Cociu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, “Nicolae Testemitanu” State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Diana Dulf
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Political, Administrative and Communication Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Corinne Peek-Asa
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, San Diego, School of Public Health
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Li Y, Zhao T, Kang N, Wang W, Liu Q, Namgung M. Analysis of the factors influencing parents' support for child safety seat legislation in Nanjing. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2022; 23:187-192. [PMID: 35319313 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2022.2047955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the use of child safety seats can effectively ensure the safety of children in cars, the utilization rate of such seats in China is still low (<5%, 2021). Therefore, it is urgent to promote the use of child safety seats. The goal of this study was to examine the factors affecting parents' support for child safety seat legislation. METHODS Data were collected via 1200 questionnaires distributed in several community hospitals in Nanjing. We used the data to do a multivariate logistic regression analysis to find the influencing factors of parental support for child safety seat legislation. RESULTS On the whole, the respondents had low support for legislation mandating the installation of child safety seats. Although only 5.83% of the respondents expressed opposition to the relevant legislation, more than 40% expressed a neutral attitude rather than a supportive attitude. Multinomial logistic regression analyses revealed that gender, monthly household income, educational level, number of children in the family, comprehension of child safety seat-related publicity information, and cognition of children's riding safety significantly affected parents' support for child safety seat legislation. In addition to gender and cognition of children's riding safety, other influential factors had significant positive impacts on legislative support for compulsory installation of child safety seats. CONCLUSION These results have implications for making more effective recommendations to advance child safety seat legislation and keep child passengers safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshuai Li
- School of Transportation Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingli Zhao
- School of Transportation Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Kang
- School of Transportation Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- School of Transportation Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- School of Transportation Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Moon Namgung
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
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Ishii W, Hitosugi M, Baba M, Kandori K, Arai Y. Factors Affecting Death and Severe Injury in Child Motor Vehicle Passengers. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9111431. [PMID: 34828478 PMCID: PMC8624717 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9111431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Saving children from motor vehicle collisions is a high priority because the injury rate among motor vehicle passengers has been increasing in Japan. This study aimed to examine the factors that influence death and serious injury in child motor vehicle passengers to establish effective preventive measures. To identify these factors, we performed a retrospective study using a nationwide medical database. The data of child motor vehicle passengers younger than 15 years (n = 1084) were obtained from the Japanese Trauma Data Bank, registered from 2004 to 2019. Physiological variables, outcomes, and injury severity were compared between fatal and non-fatal patients and between those with and without severe injuries. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors affecting fatality and severe injury. The Glasgow Coma Scale score (odds ratio (OR): 1.964), body temperature (OR: 2.578), and the Abbreviated Injury Scale score of the head (OR: 0.287) were identified as independent predictors of a non-fatal outcome. Systolic blood pressure (OR: 1.012), the Glasgow Coma Scale score (OR: 0.705), and Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma positivity (OR: 3.236) were identified as independent predictors of having severe injury. Decreasing the severity of head injury is the highest priority for child motor vehicle passengers to prevent fatality and severe injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ishii
- Kyoto Daini Red Cross Hospital, Critical Care Center, Emergency of Medicine, Haruobi, Kamazamarutamachi, Kamigyo, Kyoto 602-8026, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-75-231-5171
| | - Masahito Hitosugi
- Department of Legal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Tsukinowa, Seta, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan;
| | - Mineko Baba
- Center for Integrated Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
| | - Kenji Kandori
- Kyoto Daini Red Cross Hospital, Critical Care Center, Emergency of Medicine, Haruobi, Kamazamarutamachi, Kamigyo, Kyoto 602-8026, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yusuke Arai
- Kyoto Daini Red Cross Hospital, Critical Care Center, Emergency of Medicine, Haruobi, Kamazamarutamachi, Kamigyo, Kyoto 602-8026, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.A.)
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Zheng X, Li R, Yang H, Yin D, Yin T, Wang L, Chen B. The rate of child restraint system use among children aged under six years in China. Scand J Public Health 2021; 50:1192-1198. [PMID: 34423709 DOI: 10.1177/14034948211036621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The child restraint system (CRS) for vehicles is designed to provide specialized protection for children in the event of a crash. The aim of the study was to investigate the rate of CRS use and analyze the factors associated with CRS use among children aged under six years in China, and to provide further insight into developing strategies for promoting public health education. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study. The study sites were 36 primary healthcare institutions in 12 provinces across China, and the participants were 34,503 guardians of children aged 0-6 years. Guardians who owned private cars were included and completed surveys about their experience using CRS. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS The overall rate of CRS use among children aged under six years in China was 17.3%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that living in an urban area, low age of the child, guardians having higher education and being looked after by parents had a significant positive association with CRS use among children aged under six years. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that there is a low rate of CRS use among children aged under six years in China, highlighting the considerable need for CRS use education, advocacy and promotion of increasing use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguo Zheng
- Department of Health Development, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Ruili Li
- Department of Health Development, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Yang
- Department of Health Development, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Delu Yin
- Department of Health Development, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Yin
- Department of Health Development, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- Department of Health Development, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Chen
- Department of Health Development, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
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