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Symmetric Dimethylarginine is a Promising Biomarker for the Early Detection of Age-Related Kidney Dysfunction in Zoo Felids. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/acve-2022-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Chronic renal failure is one of the leading causes of death in African lions, cheetahs, and tigers. Conventional methods to measure renal dysfunction include measuring serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) measurement is a reliable predictor of renal dysfunction in the domestic cat because SDMA serum levels increase early when the kidneys are damaged. Serum SDMA levels were assessed and correlated with creatinine as well as BUN from healthy captive Bengal tigers and lions at the Everland Zoo in Korea. Serum SDMA concentrations were increasingly associated with increased age in lions. However, SDMA concentrations were higher in some young Bengal tigers than in older ones, which may allow for earlier renal dysfunction detection in these young cats than would be BUN and creatinine alone. In Bengal tigers, the correlation between the SDMA and BUN was slightly higher than that between SDMA and creatinine. In lions, SDMA correlated better with creatinine than with BUN concentration. These results show that serum SDMA concentration can be used as a biomarker for age-associated renal dysfunction. SDMA measurement may be an essential preventive management method in zoos.
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Andrews BJ, Cushing AC, Murphy RE, Wilson EM, Sula MJM. Blood concentration of symmetric dimethylarginine correlates with kidney damage as assessed with a proposed histologic grading system for chronic kidney disease in tigers (Panthera tigris). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:1-8. [PMID: 35417415 DOI: 10.2460/javma.21.04.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the utility of blood symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentration measurement as a diagnostic tool for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in tigers (Panthera tigris) by comparing results for SDMA with those for traditional renal biomarkers and investigating correlations between these biomarkers and histopathologic kidney changes in tigers with CKD. SAMPLE Blood, urine, and kidney samples from 35 tigers with CKD from 2 sanctuaries. PROCEDURES Blood (serum or plasma) and urine samples were collected antemortem. Necropsy, including gross and histologic assessment, was performed for tigers that died or were euthanized for quality-of-life reasons. Results for CKD biomarkers in blood (BUN, creatinine, phosphorus, and SDMA concentrations) and urine (protein concentration, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio, and urine specific gravity) were evaluated for correlation with histologic kidney damage scored with an objective grading scale defined by percentage of inflammation, fibrosis, and tubular atrophy. RESULTS Symmetric dimethylarginine had the strongest significant correlation (ρ = 0.667) with histologic kidney damage score, followed by urine specific gravity (ρ = -0.639), blood creatinine concentration (ρ = 0.624), and BUN (ρ = 0.588). No significant correlation with kidney score was identified for blood phosphorus concentration, urine protein concentration, or the urine protein-to-creatinine ratio. CLINICAL RELEVANCE We recommend SDMA be prioritized as a renal biomarker in tigers, with SDMA results considered in addition to those of other traditional renal biomarkers when assessing kidney function in tigers. Additionally, the grading scale we developed could be replicated across patients and pathologists for more consistent postmortem assessment of CKD in tigers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake J Andrews
- Mr. Andrews was a third-year veterinary student at the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, when the report was written
| | - Andrew C Cushing
- 1Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | | | - Emily M Wilson
- 3In-Sync Exotics Wildlife Rescue & Educational Center, Wylie, TX
| | - Mee-Ja M Sula
- 4Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
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Lavorente FLP, de Matos AMRN, Lorenzetti E, Oliveira MV, Pinto-Ferreira F, Michelazzo MDMZ, Viana NE, Lunardi M, Headley SA, Alfieri AA, Alfieri AF. First detection of Feline morbillivirus infection in white-eared opossums (Didelphis albiventris, Lund, 1840), a non-feline host. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:1426-1437. [PMID: 33872470 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Feline Morbillivirus (FeMV) was first detected in 2012 in domestic cats from Hong Kong and was found to be associated with tubulointerstitial nephritis and chronic kidney disease. In subsequent studies in other countries, FeMV was detected in asymptomatic cats. However, it is not clear whether FeMV plays a role as a pathogen in the kidney diseases of cats, and other epidemiological data are still unknown. To date, studies have reported the presence of FeMV exclusively in domestic cats. This study is the first molecular detection of the FeMV RNA associated with pathological and immunohistochemical findings in a synanthropic marsupial, the white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris), inhabiting peri-urban areas of north-central Parana, Southern Brazil. Molecular techniques identified the viral RNA in the lungs and kidneys. Histopathologic evaluation of these tissues revealed interstitial pneumonia in the lungs with lymphocytic nephritis and tubular necrosis in the kidneys. Immunohistochemistry assays detected positive intralesional immunoreactivity to N protein of FeMV within the lungs and kidneys. A FeMV opossum strain was isolated in Crandell Rees feline kidney lineage cells, resulting in syncytia formation and cell death. Therefore, these results support the ability of FeMV to infect other mammal species and reinforce the possibility of the opossum to be a disseminator of this virus among domestic and wild animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Louise Pereira Lavorente
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Elis Lorenzetti
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Animal Health and Production, Universidade Pitágoras Unopar, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinicius Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Pinto-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Zoonoses and Public Health, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Mello Zanin Michelazzo
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Nayara Emily Viana
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Michele Lunardi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Universidade de Cuiabá, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Animal Health and Production, Universidade Pitágoras Unopar, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alice Fernandes Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Doit H, Dean RS, Duz M, Finch NC, Brennan ML. What outcomes should be measured in feline chronic kidney disease treatment trials? Establishing a core outcome set for research. Prev Vet Med 2021; 192:105348. [PMID: 34022713 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is an important cause of feline morbidity and mortality. There is currently no agreement on which outcomes are most important in CKD treatment trials to assist evidence-based decision making. Core Outcome Sets (COSs) originated in human healthcare and are an agreed set of outcomes to be measured and reported as a minimum in any trial conducted relating to a particular disease. To establish a COS for feline CKD, this study used a systematic review and two consensus methodologies (an electronic Delphi (eDelphi), and an in-person consensus meeting), with an international panel of key stakeholders. The systematic review identified 104 unique published parameters, which were rated by panellists in round 1 of the eDelphi. Panellists were also asked to suggest additional parameters. In round 2 these additional parameters were rated and any parameters not understood by >10 % of panellists in round 1 were redefined and re-rated. Parameters reaching consensus in rounds 1 and 2 were removed from round 3, when all remaining parameters were re-rated by panellists who could view their own previous rating alongside the median rating of the whole panel. To reach inclusion in the COS, parameters had to be rated 8 or 9 on a Likert scale of 1-9 (where 1 was not important and 9 was very important) by more than 80 % of panellists. In the consensus meeting, panellists discussed and re-rated borderline parameters and streamlined the final COS. Borderline parameters were those that had been closest to, but not achieved, the 80 % threshold for inclusion. The eDelphi panel (n = 73) rated 24/104 parameters highly enough for inclusion and proposed an additional 20 parameters, of which 3 reached the inclusion threshold. This totalled 27 parameters for inclusion. The consensus meeting panel (n = 16) rated an additional 6/20 borderline parameters highly enough for inclusion. During the streamlining process, 4 parameters were removed as one was considered not an outcome, and three were already addressed by other parameters. The remaining COS totalled 29 parameters. These were grouped into 9 core themes: clinical examination, quality of life, serum biochemistry, complete blood count, urinalysis, total amount of food eaten, CKD progression, survival time and cause of death. This is the first COS for feline medicine. In future treatment efficacy trials the COS will strengthen the evidence-base for this condition, by facilitating easier comparison of results between studies, and reduce research waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Doit
- Gateway Building, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, College Road, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
| | - R S Dean
- VetPartners Ltd, Leeman House, Station Business Park, Holgate Drive, York, YO26 4GB, United Kingdom.
| | - M Duz
- Gateway Building, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, College Road, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
| | - N C Finch
- Bristol Renal, Bristol Medical School, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, United Kingdom.
| | - M L Brennan
- Gateway Building, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, College Road, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
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Tang PK, Geddes RF, Chang YM, Jepson RE, Bijsmans E, Elliott J. Risk factors associated with disturbances of calcium homeostasis after initiation of a phosphate-restricted diet in cats with chronic kidney disease. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 35:321-332. [PMID: 33368694 PMCID: PMC7848342 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary phosphate restriction improves survival in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, feeding a phosphate-restricted diet may disrupt calcium homeostasis leading to hypercalcemia in some cats. OBJECTIVES To identify risk factors associated with increasing plasma total calcium (tCa) concentration after transition to a phosphate-restricted diet and to explore its role in CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) in cats. ANIMALS Seventy-one geriatric (≥9 years) euthyroid client-owned cats with International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stage 2 to 3 azotemic CKD. METHODS Retrospective cross-sectional cohort study. Changes in plasma tCa concentration in the first 200 days of diet transition were assessed using linear regression. Binary logistic regressions were performed to identify risk factors for increasing calcium concentration. Changes in clinicopathological variables associated with CKD-MBD over time were explored using linear mixed model and generalized linear mixed model analyses. RESULTS Lower baseline plasma potassium (odds ratio [OR] = 1.19 per 0.1 mmol/L decrease; P = .003) and phosphate (OR = 1.15 per 0.1 mmol/L decrease; P = .01) concentrations remained independent risk factors for increasing plasma tCa concentration. Plasma creatinine (β = .069 ± .029 mg/dL; P = .02), symmetric dimethylarginine (β = .64 ± .29 μg/dL; P = .03), phosphate (β = .129 ± .062 mg/dL; P = .04), and ln[FGF23] (β = .103 ± .035 pg/mL; P = .004) concentrations had significantly increased rates of change in cats with increasing plasma tCa concentration over time. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Lower plasma potassium or phosphate concentrations or both at the time of transition of cats with CKD to a phosphate-restricted diet are independently associated with increased risk of an increase in plasma tCa concentration. Increasing plasma tCa concentration is associated with progression of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pak-Kan Tang
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca F Geddes
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Yu-Mei Chang
- Research Support Office, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Rosanne E Jepson
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Jonathan Elliott
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
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Brans M, Daminet S, Mortier F, Duchateau L, Lefebvre HP, Paepe D. Plasma symmetric dimethylarginine and creatinine concentrations and glomerular filtration rate in cats with normal and decreased renal function. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 35:303-311. [PMID: 33274800 PMCID: PMC7848354 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the gold standard in assessing renal function but is impractical. Serum creatinine (sCr) has limited sensitivity in identifying early chronic kidney disease (CKD), whereas symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) has been commercialized as more accurate biomarker. Studies comparing SDMA and sCr with GFR in cats are limited. Objectives To further investigate the diagnostic performance of SDMA in nonazotemic and azotemic cats. Animals Forty‐nine client‐owned cats: 17 cats with CKD, 15 cats with diabetes mellitus (DM), and 17 healthy cats. Methods Retrospective study using spare blood samples from cats with documented sCr and GFR results for SDMA analysis. Diagnostic performances of SDMA and sCr were evaluated using correlation coefficients, sensitivities, specificities, and receiver operator characteristic curves. Results Compared to healthy cats and cats with DM, CKD cats had significantly higher SDMAplasma (26.7 ± 9.9 μg/dL) and sCr (249.7 ± 71.6 μmol/L [2.8 ± 0.8 mg/dL]; both P < .001) values. SDMAplasma (τB = −0.57; P < .001) and sCr (τB = −0.56; P < .001) were significantly correlated with GFR. SDMAplasma (τB = 0.52; P < .001) had a significant relationship with sCr. SDMAplasma and sCr had similar sensitivity (76%‐94% and 71%‐88%, respectively) in detecting reduced renal function. Creatinine had higher specificity (94%‐96%) than SDMAplasma (75%‐76%) (P < .05). Conclusion and Clinical Importance In this study of azotemic and nonazotemic cats, SDMA was a reliable marker to identify decreased GFR. However, superiority of SDMA over sCr could not be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen Brans
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Daminet
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Femke Mortier
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Duchateau
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hervé P Lefebvre
- Department of Physiology and Therapeutics, National Veterinary School of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Paepe
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Sim Lam PPL, Reduan MFH, Jasni S, Shaari R, Shaharulnizim N, Nordin ML, Abd Rahman A, Roslan NS. Polycystic kidney disease concurrent with feline parvovirus and bacterial infections in domestic shorthair cat: a case report. COMPARATIVE CLINICAL PATHOLOGY 2020; 29:1283-1287. [PMID: 33013278 PMCID: PMC7521566 DOI: 10.1007/s00580-020-03170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Feline polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an inherited disorder caused by the mutation of PKD1 gene that eventually lead to the development of chronic kidney disease. The latter condition causes hypertension and eventually progress into congestive heart failure. Feline parvovirus (FPV) is a highly contagious and often fatal disease infecting cats and other members of Felidae. An 8-month-old female domestic shorthair cat was presented with complaint of wound dehiscence a day after ovarian hysterectomy procedure. The wound at the suture site appeared necrotic, purulent with foul smell. The cat was found to have diarrhoea during the fixation of suture breakdown and, later, was tested positive with parvovirus infection. Complete blood count revealed anaemia, neutrophilia, lymphopenia and thrombocytosis. Biochemistry profiles showed hypoproteinaemia and elevated of urea and creatinine. The cat was hospitalised, and symptomatic treatments were given. During hospitalisation, the cat showed symptoms of polydipsia and polyuria and found dead 2 days later. Post-mortem findings demonstrated the cat had oral ulceration, thoracic effusion, fibrinopleuropneumonia, pericardial effusion, left ventricular hypertrophy and right ventricular dilation, chronic passive liver congestion, mesenteric lymphadenomegaly, intestinal haemorrhage, adrenomegaly and polycystic kidney. Histopathological evaluation revealed fibrinous pleuropneumonia, pulmonary atelectasis, emphysema and oedema, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hepatic necrosis, splenic necrosis, intestinal necrosis, renal necrosis and renal polycystic. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were isolated from bronchus swab and intestinal segment, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed parvovirus infection. The cat was definitely diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease concurrent with parvoviral and secondary bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Poh Ling Sim Lam
- Department of Para Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farhan Hanif Reduan
- Department of Para Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Sabri Jasni
- Department of Para Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Rumaizi Shaari
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Nurshahirah Shaharulnizim
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Luqman Nordin
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Aziz Abd Rahman
- Department of Para Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Syuhada Roslan
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, 16100 Kota Bharu, Kelantan Malaysia
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Sousa-Filho RP, Nunes-Pinheiro DCS, Sampaio KO, da Silva ECB, Cavalcanti GASA, Mori da Cunha MGMC. Clinical outcomes of 28 cats 12-24 months after urethrostomy. J Feline Med Surg 2020; 22:890-897. [PMID: 31808718 PMCID: PMC10814409 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x19888808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the long-term clinical outcomes and quality of life of cats having undergone perineal urethrostomy (PU) or prepubic urethrostomy (PPU). METHODS This clinical study followed 28 cats (PU, n = 22; PPU, n = 6) that underwent a urethrostomy, with a minimum of 1 year postoperative follow-up. Medical records, pet owner surveys and urologic laboratory tests were used for assessment. Urologic laboratory tests included serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), serum creatinine, urinalysis, urine specific gravity (USG), urine protein:creatinine (UPC) ratio and urine culture. RESULTS The main indications for urethrostomy were multiple catheterizations and PU stricture. The overall complication rates of PU and PPU were 31.8% and 83.3%, respectively. Recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) and urine scald dermatitis were less frequent in PU than in PPU cats (UTI 22.7% vs 66.6%; dermatitis 4.5% vs 83.3%). Bacteriuria was present in 77.2% and 100% of PU and PPU cats, respectively. Owner satisfaction rates were excellent in 81.8% of PU and 33.3% of PPU cases. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE A proportion of cats that underwent urethrostomy showed bacteriuria, recurrent UTIs and increased levels of SDMA. PPU is important as a salvage procedure; however, it should be limited to cases in which standard techniques for PU cannot be performed, owing to the potential for recurrent complications and lower owner satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Keytyanne O Sampaio
- Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Ellen CB da Silva
- Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Di Cerbo A, Iannitti T, Guidetti G, Centenaro S, Canello S, Cocco R. A nutraceutical diet based on Lespedeza spp., Vaccinium macrocarpon and Taraxacum officinale improves spontaneous feline chronic kidney disease. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13737. [PMID: 29906338 PMCID: PMC6003637 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is characterized by structural and/or functional impairment of one or both kidneys persisting for more than 3 months. In cats, chronic kidney disease can frequently occur in animals aged over 9 years with an incidence of approximately 10%. Thirty-four client-owned, neutered cats, suffering from stage II-III chronic kidney disease and diagnosed according to the International Renal Interest Society guidelines were randomly assigned to receive either a control diet (n = 17) or a nutraceutical diet (ND; n = 17) for 90 days. Both diets were commercialized for management of CKD symptoms. The diets were identical except that the ND contained tablets that consisted of 60-80% hydrolysed proteins, 20-40% minerals and active substances, that are, Lespedeza spp. 0.0588%, Vaccinium macrocarpom 0.0371%, and Taraxacum officinale 0.0231%. No adverse effects were reported during this study. Both diets resulted in an improvement in CKD symptoms. After a 90-day evaluation, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, total proteins, and aspartate aminotransferase significantly decreased in cats that received the ND. A significant decrease was also observed in urine turbidity score, color score, and total proteins in cats that received the ND. We have found that a ND based on Lespedeza spp., Vaccinium macrocarpon, and Taraxacum officinale improves key indicators of renal failure in cats affected by chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Di Cerbo
- Department of Life SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological SciencesDental SchoolUniversity G. d' Annunzio of Chieti‐PescaraChietiItaly
| | | | | | - Sara Centenaro
- Research and Development DepartmentSANYpet S.p.aPaduaItaly
| | - Sergio Canello
- Research and Development DepartmentForza10 USA CorpOrlandoFlorida
| | - Raffaella Cocco
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary ClinicFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of SassariSassariItaly
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