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Protein Transduction Domain-Mediated Delivery of Recombinant Proteins and In Vitro Transcribed mRNAs for Protein Replacement Therapy of Human Severe Genetic Mitochondrial Disorders: The Case of Sco2 Deficiency. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010286. [PMID: 36678915 PMCID: PMC9861957 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders represent a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders with variations in severity and clinical outcomes, mostly characterized by respiratory chain dysfunction and abnormal mitochondrial function. More specifically, mutations in the human SCO2 gene, encoding the mitochondrial inner membrane Sco2 cytochrome c oxidase (COX) assembly protein, have been implicated in the mitochondrial disorder fatal infantile cardioencephalomyopathy with COX deficiency. Since an effective treatment is still missing, a protein replacement therapy (PRT) was explored using protein transduction domain (PTD) technology. Therefore, the human recombinant full-length mitochondrial protein Sco2, fused to TAT peptide (a common PTD), was produced (fusion Sco2 protein) and successfully transduced into fibroblasts derived from a SCO2/COX-deficient patient. This PRT contributed to effective COX assembly and partial recovery of COX activity. In mice, radiolabeled fusion Sco2 protein was biodistributed in the peripheral tissues of mice and successfully delivered into their mitochondria. Complementary to that, an mRNA-based therapeutic approach has been more recently considered as an innovative treatment option. In particular, a patented, novel PTD-mediated IVT-mRNA delivery platform was developed and applied in recent research efforts. PTD-IVT-mRNA of full-length SCO2 was successfully transduced into the fibroblasts derived from a SCO2/COX-deficient patient, translated in host ribosomes into a nascent chain of human Sco2, imported into mitochondria, and processed to the mature protein. Consequently, the recovery of reduced COX activity was achieved, thus suggesting the potential of this mRNA-based technology for clinical translation as a PRT for metabolic/genetic disorders. In this review, such research efforts will be comprehensibly presented and discussed to elaborate their potential in clinical application and therapeutic usefulness.
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Miliotou AN, Pappas IS, Spyroulias G, Vlachaki E, Tsiftsoglou AS, Vizirianakis IS, Papadopoulou LC. Development of a novel PTD-mediated IVT-mRNA delivery platform for potential protein replacement therapy of metabolic/genetic disorders. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:694-710. [PMID: 34703653 PMCID: PMC8517095 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The potential clinical applications of the powerful in vitro-transcribed (IVT)-mRNAs, to restore defective protein functions, strongly depend on their successful intracellular delivery and transient translation through the development of safe and efficient delivery platforms. In this study, an innovative (international patent-pending) methodology was developed, combining the IVT-mRNAs with the protein transduction domain (PTD) technology, as an efficient delivery platform. Based on the PTD technology, which enables the intracellular delivery of various cargoes intracellularly, successful conjugation of a PTD to the IVT-mRNAs was achieved and evaluated by band-shift assay and NMR spectroscopy. In addition, the PTD-IVT-mRNAs were applied and evaluated in two protein-disease models, including the mitochondrial disorder fatal infantile cardioencephalomyopathy and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency (attributed to SCO2 gene mutations) and β-thalassemia. The PTD-IVT-mRNA of SCO2 was successfully transduced and translated to the corresponding Sco2 protein inside the primary fibroblasts of a SCO2/COX-deficient patient, whereas the PTD-IVT-mRNA of β-globin was transduced and translated in bone marrow cells, derived from three β-thalassemic patients. The transducibility and the structural stability of the PDT-IVT-mRNAs, in both cases, were confirmed at the RNA and protein levels. We propose that our novel delivery platform could be clinically applicable as a protein therapy for metabolic/genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Androulla N Miliotou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 42 Macedonia, Greece
| | - Ioannis S Pappas
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, 431 00 Thessaly, Greece
| | | | - Efthimia Vlachaki
- Adult Thalassemia Unit, Hippokrateion General Hospital, Thessaloniki, 546 42 Macedonia, Greece
| | - Asterios S Tsiftsoglou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 42 Macedonia, Greece
| | - Ioannis S Vizirianakis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 42 Macedonia, Greece.,Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 1700 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Lefkothea C Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, 546 42 Macedonia, Greece
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Rucheton B, Ewenczyk C, Gaignard P, de Sainte Agathe JM, Fauret AL, Saillour V, Leonard-Louis S, Touitou V, Mochel F. Adult Cerebellar Ataxia, Axonal Neuropathy, and Sensory Impairments Caused by Biallelic SCO2 Variants. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2021; 7:e630. [PMID: 34746378 PMCID: PMC8569615 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Rucheton
- AP-HP (B.R.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Unité Fonctionnelle Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire; AP-HP (C.E., F.M.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique; Laboratoire de biologie médicale multisites SeqOIA-FMG2025 (B.R., P.G., J.-M.S.A., A.-L.F., V.S.); AP-HP (P.G.), Université Paris Saclay, CHU Bicêtre, Service de Biochimie, Bicêtre; AP-HP (J.-M.S.A., A.-L.F.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Unité Fonctionnelle de Neurogénétique; AP-HP (S.L.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Neuropathologie; AP-HP (V.T.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Département d'Ophtalmologie, DHU Vision et Handicaps; and Institut du Cerveau (ICM) (F.M.), Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1127, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Claire Ewenczyk
- AP-HP (B.R.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Unité Fonctionnelle Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire; AP-HP (C.E., F.M.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique; Laboratoire de biologie médicale multisites SeqOIA-FMG2025 (B.R., P.G., J.-M.S.A., A.-L.F., V.S.); AP-HP (P.G.), Université Paris Saclay, CHU Bicêtre, Service de Biochimie, Bicêtre; AP-HP (J.-M.S.A., A.-L.F.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Unité Fonctionnelle de Neurogénétique; AP-HP (S.L.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Neuropathologie; AP-HP (V.T.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Département d'Ophtalmologie, DHU Vision et Handicaps; and Institut du Cerveau (ICM) (F.M.), Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1127, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Pauline Gaignard
- AP-HP (B.R.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Unité Fonctionnelle Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire; AP-HP (C.E., F.M.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique; Laboratoire de biologie médicale multisites SeqOIA-FMG2025 (B.R., P.G., J.-M.S.A., A.-L.F., V.S.); AP-HP (P.G.), Université Paris Saclay, CHU Bicêtre, Service de Biochimie, Bicêtre; AP-HP (J.-M.S.A., A.-L.F.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Unité Fonctionnelle de Neurogénétique; AP-HP (S.L.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Neuropathologie; AP-HP (V.T.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Département d'Ophtalmologie, DHU Vision et Handicaps; and Institut du Cerveau (ICM) (F.M.), Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1127, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Madeleine de Sainte Agathe
- AP-HP (B.R.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Unité Fonctionnelle Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire; AP-HP (C.E., F.M.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique; Laboratoire de biologie médicale multisites SeqOIA-FMG2025 (B.R., P.G., J.-M.S.A., A.-L.F., V.S.); AP-HP (P.G.), Université Paris Saclay, CHU Bicêtre, Service de Biochimie, Bicêtre; AP-HP (J.-M.S.A., A.-L.F.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Unité Fonctionnelle de Neurogénétique; AP-HP (S.L.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Neuropathologie; AP-HP (V.T.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Département d'Ophtalmologie, DHU Vision et Handicaps; and Institut du Cerveau (ICM) (F.M.), Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1127, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Laure Fauret
- AP-HP (B.R.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Unité Fonctionnelle Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire; AP-HP (C.E., F.M.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique; Laboratoire de biologie médicale multisites SeqOIA-FMG2025 (B.R., P.G., J.-M.S.A., A.-L.F., V.S.); AP-HP (P.G.), Université Paris Saclay, CHU Bicêtre, Service de Biochimie, Bicêtre; AP-HP (J.-M.S.A., A.-L.F.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Unité Fonctionnelle de Neurogénétique; AP-HP (S.L.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Neuropathologie; AP-HP (V.T.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Département d'Ophtalmologie, DHU Vision et Handicaps; and Institut du Cerveau (ICM) (F.M.), Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1127, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Saillour
- AP-HP (B.R.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Unité Fonctionnelle Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire; AP-HP (C.E., F.M.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique; Laboratoire de biologie médicale multisites SeqOIA-FMG2025 (B.R., P.G., J.-M.S.A., A.-L.F., V.S.); AP-HP (P.G.), Université Paris Saclay, CHU Bicêtre, Service de Biochimie, Bicêtre; AP-HP (J.-M.S.A., A.-L.F.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Unité Fonctionnelle de Neurogénétique; AP-HP (S.L.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Neuropathologie; AP-HP (V.T.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Département d'Ophtalmologie, DHU Vision et Handicaps; and Institut du Cerveau (ICM) (F.M.), Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1127, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Leonard-Louis
- AP-HP (B.R.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Unité Fonctionnelle Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire; AP-HP (C.E., F.M.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique; Laboratoire de biologie médicale multisites SeqOIA-FMG2025 (B.R., P.G., J.-M.S.A., A.-L.F., V.S.); AP-HP (P.G.), Université Paris Saclay, CHU Bicêtre, Service de Biochimie, Bicêtre; AP-HP (J.-M.S.A., A.-L.F.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Unité Fonctionnelle de Neurogénétique; AP-HP (S.L.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Neuropathologie; AP-HP (V.T.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Département d'Ophtalmologie, DHU Vision et Handicaps; and Institut du Cerveau (ICM) (F.M.), Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1127, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Valerie Touitou
- AP-HP (B.R.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Unité Fonctionnelle Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire; AP-HP (C.E., F.M.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique; Laboratoire de biologie médicale multisites SeqOIA-FMG2025 (B.R., P.G., J.-M.S.A., A.-L.F., V.S.); AP-HP (P.G.), Université Paris Saclay, CHU Bicêtre, Service de Biochimie, Bicêtre; AP-HP (J.-M.S.A., A.-L.F.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Unité Fonctionnelle de Neurogénétique; AP-HP (S.L.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Neuropathologie; AP-HP (V.T.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Département d'Ophtalmologie, DHU Vision et Handicaps; and Institut du Cerveau (ICM) (F.M.), Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1127, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Fanny Mochel
- AP-HP (B.R.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Unité Fonctionnelle Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire; AP-HP (C.E., F.M.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique; Laboratoire de biologie médicale multisites SeqOIA-FMG2025 (B.R., P.G., J.-M.S.A., A.-L.F., V.S.); AP-HP (P.G.), Université Paris Saclay, CHU Bicêtre, Service de Biochimie, Bicêtre; AP-HP (J.-M.S.A., A.-L.F.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Unité Fonctionnelle de Neurogénétique; AP-HP (S.L.-L.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Laboratoire de Neuropathologie; AP-HP (V.T.), Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière Département d'Ophtalmologie, DHU Vision et Handicaps; and Institut du Cerveau (ICM) (F.M.), Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1127, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
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McKnight CL, Low YC, Elliott DA, Thorburn DR, Frazier AE. Modelling Mitochondrial Disease in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: What Have We Learned? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7730. [PMID: 34299348 PMCID: PMC8306397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases disrupt cellular energy production and are among the most complex group of inherited genetic disorders. Affecting approximately 1 in 5000 live births, they are both clinically and genetically heterogeneous, and can be highly tissue specific, but most often affect cell types with high energy demands in the brain, heart, and kidneys. There are currently no clinically validated treatment options available, despite several agents showing therapeutic promise. However, modelling these disorders is challenging as many non-human models of mitochondrial disease do not completely recapitulate human phenotypes for known disease genes. Additionally, access to disease-relevant cell or tissue types from patients is often limited. To overcome these difficulties, many groups have turned to human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to model mitochondrial disease for both nuclear-DNA (nDNA) and mitochondrial-DNA (mtDNA) contexts. Leveraging the capacity of hPSCs to differentiate into clinically relevant cell types, these models permit both detailed investigation of cellular pathomechanisms and validation of promising treatment options. Here we catalogue hPSC models of mitochondrial disease that have been generated to date, summarise approaches and key outcomes of phenotypic profiling using these models, and discuss key criteria to guide future investigations using hPSC models of mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron L. McKnight
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (C.L.M.); (Y.C.L.); (D.A.E.); (D.R.T.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Yau Chung Low
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (C.L.M.); (Y.C.L.); (D.A.E.); (D.R.T.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - David A. Elliott
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (C.L.M.); (Y.C.L.); (D.A.E.); (D.R.T.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - David R. Thorburn
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (C.L.M.); (Y.C.L.); (D.A.E.); (D.R.T.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ann E. Frazier
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (C.L.M.); (Y.C.L.); (D.A.E.); (D.R.T.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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Simões ICM, Amorim R, Teixeira J, Karkucinska-Wieckowska A, Carvalho A, Pereira SP, Simões RF, Szymanska S, Dąbrowski M, Janikiewicz J, Dobrzyń A, Oliveira PJ, Potes Y, Wieckowski MR. The Alterations of Mitochondrial Function during NAFLD Progression-An Independent Effect of Mitochondrial ROS Production. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136848. [PMID: 34202179 PMCID: PMC8268944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis implicates multiple mechanisms, chief of which is mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the sequence of events underlying mitochondrial failure are still poorly clarified. In this work, male C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat plus high-sucrose diet for 16, 20, 22, and 24 weeks to induce NAFL. Up to the 20th week, an early mitochondrial remodeling with increased OXPHOS subunits levels and higher mitochondrial respiration occurred. Interestingly, a progressive loss of mitochondrial respiration along "Western diet" feeding was identified, accompanied by higher susceptibility to mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. Importantly, our findings prove that mitochondrial alterations and subsequent impairment are independent of an excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which was found to be progressively diminished along with disease progression. Instead, increased peroxisomal abundance and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation-related pathway suggest that peroxisomes may contribute to hepatic ROS generation and oxidative damage, which may accelerate hepatic injury and disease progression. We show here for the first time the sequential events of mitochondrial alterations involved in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression and demonstrate that mitochondrial ROS are not one of the first hits that cause NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês C. M. Simões
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (I.C.M.S.); (M.D.); (J.J.); (A.D.)
| | - Ricardo Amorim
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.); (J.T.); (A.C.); (S.P.P.); (R.F.S.); (P.J.O.)
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Teixeira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.); (J.T.); (A.C.); (S.P.P.); (R.F.S.); (P.J.O.)
| | | | - Adriana Carvalho
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.); (J.T.); (A.C.); (S.P.P.); (R.F.S.); (P.J.O.)
| | - Susana P. Pereira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.); (J.T.); (A.C.); (S.P.P.); (R.F.S.); (P.J.O.)
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LametEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui F. Simões
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.); (J.T.); (A.C.); (S.P.P.); (R.F.S.); (P.J.O.)
| | - Sylwia Szymanska
- Department of Pathology, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.-W.); (S.S.)
| | - Michał Dąbrowski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (I.C.M.S.); (M.D.); (J.J.); (A.D.)
| | - Justyna Janikiewicz
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (I.C.M.S.); (M.D.); (J.J.); (A.D.)
| | - Agnieszka Dobrzyń
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (I.C.M.S.); (M.D.); (J.J.); (A.D.)
| | - Paulo J. Oliveira
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (R.A.); (J.T.); (A.C.); (S.P.P.); (R.F.S.); (P.J.O.)
| | - Yaiza Potes
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (I.C.M.S.); (M.D.); (J.J.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (M.R.W.)
| | - Mariusz R. Wieckowski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (I.C.M.S.); (M.D.); (J.J.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (M.R.W.)
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6
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In vivo biodistribution study of TAT-L-Sco2 fusion protein, developed as protein therapeutic for mitochondrial disorders attributed to SCO2 mutations. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2020; 25:100683. [PMID: 33318931 PMCID: PMC7726716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2020.100683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid progress achieved in the development of many biopharmaceuticals had a tremendous impact on the therapy of many metabolic/genetic disorders. This type of fruitful approach, called protein replacement therapy (PRT), aimed to either replace the deficient or malfunctional protein in human tissues that act either in plasma membrane or via a specific cell surface receptor. However, there are also many metabolic/genetic disorders attributed to either deficient or malfunctional proteins acting intracellularly. The recent developments of Protein Transduction Domain (PTD) technology offer new opportunities by allowing the intracellular delivery of recombinant proteins of a given therapeutic interest into different subcellular sites and organelles, such as mitochondria and other entities. Towards this pathway, we applied successfully PTD Technology as a protein therapeutic approach, in vitro, in SCO2 deficient primary fibroblasts, derived from patient with mutations in human SCO2 gene, responsible for fatal, infantile cardioencephalomyopathy and cytochrome c oxidase deficiency. In this work, we radiolabeled the recombinant TAT-L-Sco2 fusion protein with technetium-99 m to assess its in vivo biodistribution and fate, by increasing the sensitivity of detection of even low levels of the transduced recombinant protein. The biodistribution pattern of [99mTc]Tc-TAT-L-Sco2 in mice demonstrated fast blood clearance, significant hepatobiliary and renal clearance. In addition, western blot analysis detected the recombinant TAT-L-Sco2 protein in the isolated mitochondria of several mouse tissues, including heart, muscle and brain. These results pave the way to further consider this PTD-mediated Protein Therapy Approach as a potentially alternative treatment of genetic/metabolic disorders. Radiolabeling of human recombinant mitochondrial TAT-L-Sco2 fusion protein with 99mTc for the first time. [99mTc]Tc-TAT-L-Sco2 can be successfully transduced into the mitochondria of peripheral tissues upon injection into animals. Protein Replacement Therapy, through PTD technology, can be a potential therapeutic approach for mitochondrial disorders.
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Key Words
- 99mTc, Technetium-99 m.
- BSA, Bovine Serum Albumin;
- COX, Cytochrome c oxidase;
- FBS, Fetal bovine serum;
- IBs, Inclusion bodies;
- ID, Injected dose;
- PBS, Phosphate buffered saline;
- PRT, Protein Replacement Therapy;
- PTD, Protein Transduction Domain;
- RA, Radioactivity;
- RT, Room Temperature;
- SD, Standard Deviation;
- SEC, Size Exclusion Chromatography;
- TAT-L-Sco2, 10xHis-XaSITE-TAT-L-Sco2-HA;
- i.p., Intraperitoneal;
- i.v., Intravenous;
- l-Arg, l-Arginine;
- p.i., Post-injection;
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Yang F, Huang P, Shi L, Liu F, Tang A, Xu S. Phoenixin 14 Inhibits High-Fat Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Experimental Mice. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:3865-3874. [PMID: 33061293 PMCID: PMC7519838 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s258857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases. The development of NAFLD is closely associated with hepatic lipotoxicity, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The new concept of NAFLD treatment is to seek molecular control of lipid metabolism and hepatic redox hemostasis. Phoenixin is a newly identified neuropeptide with pleiotropic effects. This study investigated the effects of phoenixin 14 against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD in mice. Materials and Methods For this study, we used HFD-induced NAFLD mice models to analyze the effect of phonenixin14. The mice were fed on HFD and normal diet and also given phoenixin 14 (100 ng/g body weight) by gastrogavage for 10 weeks. The peripheral blood samples were collected for biochemical assays. The liver tissues were examined for HFD-induced tissue fibrosis, lipid deposition and oxidative activity including SOD, GSH, and MDA. The liver tissues were analyzed for the inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress pathway genes. Results The results indicate that phoenixin 14 significantly ameliorated HFD-induced obesity and fatty liver. The biochemical analysis of blood samples revealed that phoenixin 14 ameliorated HFD-induced elevated circulating alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, suggesting that phoenixin 14 has a protective role in liver function and lipid metabolism. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Oil Red O staining of the liver showed that phoenixin 14 alleviated HFD-induced tissue damage and lipid deposition in the liver. Furthermore, the mice administered with phoenixin 14 had increased hepatic SOD activity, increased production of GSH and reduced MDA activity, as well as reduced production of TNF-α and IL-6 suggesting that phoenixin 14 exerts beneficial effects against inflammation and ROS. The findings suggest an explanation of how mechanistically phoenixin 14 ameliorated HFD-induced reduced activation of the SIRT1/AMPK and NRF2/HO-1 pathways. Conclusion Collectively, this study revealed that phoenixin 14 exerts a protective effect in experimental NAFLD mice. Phoenixin could be of the interest in preventive modulation of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guilin People's Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guilin People's Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, People's Republic of China
| | - Liandong Shi
- Department of Ultrasonography, Guilin People's Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Ministry of Health Care, Guilin People's Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimei Tang
- Department of Ministry of Health Care, Guilin People's Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohui Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Guilin People's Hospital, Guilin, Guangxi 541002, People's Republic of China
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Malik AN, Simões ICM, Rosa HS, Khan S, Karkucinska-Wieckowska A, Wieckowski MR. A Diet Induced Maladaptive Increase in Hepatic Mitochondrial DNA Precedes OXPHOS Defects and May Contribute to Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101222. [PMID: 31597406 PMCID: PMC6830072 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), an increasingly prevalent and underdiagnosed disease, is postulated to be caused by hepatic fat mediated pathological mechanisms. Mitochondrial dysfunction is proposed to be involved, but it is not known whether this is a pathological driver or a consequence of NAFLD. We postulate that changes to liver mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are an early event that precedes mitochondrial dysfunction and irreversible liver damage. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the impact of diet on liver steatosis, hepatic mtDNA content, and levels of key mitochondrial proteins. Liver tissues from C57BL/6 mice fed with high fat (HF) diet (HFD) and Western diet (WD, high fat and high sugar) for 16 weeks were used. Steatosis/fibrosis were assessed using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) Oil Red and Masson’s trichome staining and collagen content. Total DNA was isolated, and mtDNA content was determined by quantifying absolute mtDNA copy number/cell using quantitative PCR. Selected mitochondrial proteins were analysed from a proteomics screen. As expected, both HFD and WD resulted in steatosis. Mouse liver contained a high mtDNA content (3617 ± 233 copies per cell), which significantly increased in HFD diet, but this increase was not functional, as indicated by changes in mitochondrial proteins. In the WD fed mice, liver dysfunction was accelerated alongside downregulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and mtDNA replication machinery as well as upregulation of mtDNA-induced inflammatory pathways. These results demonstrate that diet induced changes in liver mtDNA can occur in a relatively short time; whether these contribute directly or indirectly to subsequent mitochondrial dysfunction and the development of NAFLD remains to be determined. If this hypothesis can be substantiated, then strategies to prevent mtDNA damage in the liver may be needed to prevent development and progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan N Malik
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Inês C M Simões
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur 3 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Hannah S Rosa
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Safa Khan
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| | | | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteur 3 Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders (MIDs) due to respiratory-chain defects or nonrespiratory chain defects are usually multisystem conditions [mitochondrial multiorgan disorder syndrome (MIMODS)] affecting the central nervous system (CNS), peripheral nervous system, eyes, ears, endocrine organs, heart, kidneys, bone marrow, lungs, arteries, and also the intestinal tract. Frequent gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations of MIDs include poor appetite, gastroesophageal sphincter dysfunction, constipation, dysphagia, vomiting, gastroparesis, GI pseudo-obstruction, diarrhea, or pancreatitis and hepatopathy. Rare GI manifestations of MIDs include dry mouth, paradontosis, tracheoesophageal fistula, stenosis of the duodeno-jejunal junction, atresia or imperforate anus, liver cysts, pancreas lipomatosis, pancreatic cysts, congenital stenosis or obstruction of the GI tract, recurrent bowel perforations with intra-abdominal abscesses, postprandial abdominal pain, diverticulosis, or pneumatosis coli. Diagnosing GI involvement in MIDs is not at variance from diagnosing GI disorders due to other causes. Treatment of mitochondrial GI disease includes noninvasive or invasive measures. Therapy is usually symptomatic. Only for myo-neuro-gastro-intestinal encephalopathy is a causal therapy with autologous stem-cell transplantation available. It is concluded that GI manifestations of MIDs are more widespread than so far anticipated and that they must be recognized as early as possible to initiate appropriate diagnostic work-up and avoid any mitochondrion-toxic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marlies Frank
- First Medical Department, Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Vienna, Austria
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