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Hajibabaie F, Abedpoor N, Haghjooy Javanmard S, Hasan A, Sharifi M, Rahimmanesh I, Shariati L, Makvandi P. The molecular perspective on the melanoma and genome engineering of T-cells in targeting therapy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116980. [PMID: 37648188 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma, an aggressive malignant tumor originating from melanocytes in humans, is on the rise globally, with limited non-surgical treatment options available. Recent advances in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying immune escape, tumorigenesis, drug resistance, and cancer metastasis have paved the way for innovative therapeutic strategies. Combination therapy targeting multiple pathways simultaneously has been shown to be promising in treating melanoma, eliciting favorable responses in most melanoma patients. CAR T-cells, engineered to overcome the limitations of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-dependent tumor cell detection associated with T-cell receptors, offer an alternative approach. By genetically modifying apheresis-collected allogeneic or autologous T-cells to express chimeric antigen receptors, CAR T-cells can appreciate antigens on cell surfaces independently of major histocompatibility complex (MHC), providing a significant cancer cell detection advantage. However, identifying the most effective target antigen is the initial step, as it helps mitigate the risk of toxicity due to "on-target, off-tumor" and establishes a targeted therapeutic strategy. Furthermore, evaluating signaling pathways and critical molecules involved in melanoma pathogenesis remains insufficient. This study emphasizes the novel approaches of CAR T-cell immunoediting and presents new insights into the molecular signaling pathways associated with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hajibabaie
- Department of Biology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Navid Abedpoor
- Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar.
| | - Mehran Sharifi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Cancer Prevention Research Center, Seyyed Al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Ilnaz Rahimmanesh
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Laleh Shariati
- Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran; Biosensor Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang, China; School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JL, UK.
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2
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Zeng Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Jian W, Li R, Fu Q. Atypical primary malignant melanoma originating in the spinal canal: A case report and literature review. Oncol Lett 2023; 26:433. [PMID: 37664668 PMCID: PMC10472031 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) malignant melanomas are rare tumors of the CNS that are thought to arise from aberrant changes in melanocytes of the neural crest or melanocytic elements of the pia mater during early embryonic development. As a rare type of CNS malignant melanoma, only a few cases of primary malignant melanoma in the spinal canal have been reported thus far. The majority of these studies have reported on the diagnosis, radiographic features and gross total resection of primary spinal canal malignant melanoma; however, the prognosis and ideal treatment of patients with residual tumors remain elusive. The current study presented the rare case of a patient with primary malignant melanoma originating from the thoracic spinal canal, without any history of irradiation exposure and with an incompletely resected tumor. Disease-free survival of >2.5 years was observed in this patient who was treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with temozolomide and bevacizumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Rongqing Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Qiaofen Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
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3
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Li J, Ren H, Huai H, Li J, Xie P, Li X. The evaluation of tumor microenvironment infiltration and the identification of angiogenesis-related subgroups in skin cutaneous melanoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:7259-7273. [PMID: 36912943 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are limited studies on the association between angiogenesis-related genes (ARGs) and the predictive risk of melanoma, even though angiogenic factors, which are essential for tumor growth and metastasis, might be secreted by angiogenesis-related protein in skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM). To forecast patient outcomes, this study attempts to develop a predictive risk signature linked to angiogenesis in cutaneous melanoma. METHODS In 650 patients with SKCM, the expression and mutation of ARGs were examined, and this information was related to the clinical prognosis. SKCM patients were split into two groups based on how well they performed on the ARG. The link between ARGs, risk genes, and immunological microenvironment was examined using a range of algorithmic analysis techniques. Based on these five risk genes, an angiogenesis risk signature was created. We developed a nomogram and examined the sensitivity of antineoplastic medications to help the proposed risk model's clinical applicability. RESULTS The risk model developed by ARGs revealed that the prognosis for the two groups was significantly different. The predictive risk score was negatively connected with memory B cells, activated memory CD4 + T cells, M1 macrophages, and CD8 + T cells, and favorably correlated with dendritic cells, mast cells, and neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS Our findings offer fresh perspectives on prognostic evaluation and imply that ARG modulation is implicated in SKCM. Potential medications for the treatment of individuals with various SKCM subtypes were predicted by drug sensitivity analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, National Key Clinical Construction Specialty, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hangjun Ren
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongyu Huai
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Junliang Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Pan Xie
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, National Key Clinical Construction Specialty, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery, National Key Clinical Construction Specialty, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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4
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Wu Z, Bian Y, Chu T, Wang Y, Man S, Song Y, Wang Z. The role of angiogenesis in melanoma: Clinical treatments and future expectations. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1028647. [PMID: 36588679 PMCID: PMC9797529 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1028647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of melanoma has increased rapidly over the past few decades, with mortality accounting for more than 75% of all skin cancers. The high metastatic potential of Melanoma is an essential factor in its high mortality. Vascular angiogenic system has been proved to be crucial for the metastasis of melanoma. An in-depth understanding of angiogenesis will be of great benefit to melanoma treatment and may promote the development of melanoma therapies. This review summarizes the recent advances and challenges of anti-angiogenic agents, including monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, human recombinant Endostatin, and traditional Chinese herbal medicine. We hope to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms, clinical research progress, and future research directions of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuzhu Wu
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China,Institute for Literature and Culture of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yifei Bian
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tianjiao Chu
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuman Wang
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shuai Man
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Shuai Man, ; Yongmei Song, ; Zhenguo Wang,
| | - Yongmei Song
- Institute for Literature and Culture of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Shuai Man, ; Yongmei Song, ; Zhenguo Wang,
| | - Zhenguo Wang
- Institute for Literature and Culture of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Shuai Man, ; Yongmei Song, ; Zhenguo Wang,
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5
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TRPV3 promotes the angiogenesis through HIF-1α-VEGF signaling pathway in A549 cells. Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151955. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Georgescu SR, Mitran CI, Mitran MI, Matei C, Constantin C, Neagu M, Tampa M. Apprising Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Cutaneous Melanoma—Persistent Updating. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12091506. [PMID: 36143291 PMCID: PMC9505119 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of melanoma, a very aggressive skin cancer, has increased over the past few decades. Although there are well-established clinical, dermoscopic and histopathological criteria, the diagnosis is often performed late, which has important implications on the patient’s clinical outcome. Unfortunately, melanoma is one of the most challenging tumors to diagnose because it is a heterogeneous neoplasm at the clinical, histopathological, and molecular level. The use of reliable biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression is becoming a standard of care in modern medicine. In this review, we discuss the latest studies, which highlight findings from the genomics, epitranscriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics areas, pointing out different genes, molecules and cells as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Roxana Georgescu
- Department of Dermatology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, “Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Iulia Mitran
- Department of Microbiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.I.M.); (M.I.M.)
| | - Madalina Irina Mitran
- “Cantacuzino” National Medico-Military Institute for Research and Development, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.I.M.); (M.I.M.)
| | - Clara Matei
- Department of Dermatology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Neagu
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mircea Tampa
- Department of Dermatology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, “Victor Babes” Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, 030303 Bucharest, Romania
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7
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Zou S, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Wang D, Xu S. Construction and validation of a prognostic risk model of angiogenesis factors in skin cutaneous melanoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:1529-1548. [PMID: 35157610 PMCID: PMC8876895 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma can secrete tumor angiogenesis factors, which is the essential factor for tumor growth and metastasis. However, there are few reports on the relationship between angiogenesis factors and prognosis risk in melanoma. This study aimed to develop a prognostic risk model of angiogenesis for melanoma. Forty-nine differentially expressed angiogenesis were identified from the TCGA database, which were mainly involved in PI3K/Akt pathway, focal adhesion, and MAPK signaling pathway. We then establish an eleven-gene signature. The model indicated a strong prognostic capability in both the discovery cohort and the validation cohort. Patients of smaller height (<170 cm) and lower weight (<80 kg) and those with advanced-stage and ulcerated melanoma had higher risk scores. The risk score was positively correlated with mutation load, homologous recombination defect, neoantigen load and chromosome instability. In addition, the high-risk group had a higher degree of immune cell infiltration, better response to immunotherapy and lower immune score. Therefore, these results indicate that the risk model is an effective method to predict the prognosis of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyun Zou
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Limei Zhang
- Oncology Department, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dengchuan Wang
- Office of Medical Ethics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi Xu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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8
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Skayem C, Garcia G, Grill J, Aghakhani N, Robert C. First case of a melanocytic intrabulbar brain tumour treated with bevacizumab. Eur J Cancer 2022; 162:206-208. [PMID: 35042102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jacques Grill
- Department of Cancerology for Children and Adolescents, Gustave Roussy, France
| | - Nozar Aghakhani
- Neurosurgery Department, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Kremlin Bicêtre Hospital, France
| | - Caroline Robert
- Dermatology Department, Gustave Roussy, France; Université Paris Saclay, France.
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9
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Piotrowska A, Beserra FP, Wierzbicka JM, Nowak JI, Żmijewski MA. Vitamin D Enhances Anticancer Properties of Cediranib, a VEGFR Inhibitor, by Modulation of VEGFR2 Expression in Melanoma Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 11:763895. [PMID: 35004285 PMCID: PMC8740239 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.763895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Regardless of the recent groundbreaking introduction of personalized therapy, melanoma continues to be one of the most lethal skin malignancies. Still, a substantial proportion of patients either fail to respond to the therapy or will relapse over time, representing a challenging clinical problem. Recently, we have shown that vitamin D enhances the effectiveness of classical chemotherapeutics in the human malignant melanoma A375 cell line. In search for new combination strategies and adjuvant settings to improve melanoma patient outcomes in the current study, the effects of cediranib (AZD2171), an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor of VEGFR1-3, PDGFR, and c-KIT, used in combination either with 1,25(OH)2D3 or with low-calcemic analog calcipotriol were tested on four human malignant melanoma cell lines (A375, MNT-1, RPMI-7951, and SK-MEL-28). Melanoma cells were pretreated with vitamin D and subsequently exposed to cediranib. We observed a marked decrease in melanoma cell proliferation (A375 and SK-MEL-28), G2/M cell cycle arrest, and a significant decrease in melanoma cell mobility in experimental conditions used (A375). Surprisingly, concurrently with a very desirable decrease in melanoma cell proliferation and mobility, we noticed the upregulation of VEGFR2 at both protein and mRNA levels. No effect of vitamin D was observed in MNT-1 and RPMI-7951 melanoma cells. It seems that vitamin D derivatives enhance cediranib efficacy by modulation of VEGFR2 expression in melanoma cells expressing VEGFR2. In conclusion, our experiments demonstrated that vitamin D derivatives hold promise as novel adjuvant candidates to conquer melanoma, especially in patients suffering from vitamin D deficiency. However, further extensive research is indispensable to reliably assess their potential benefits for melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Piotrowska
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | | - Joanna Irena Nowak
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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10
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Nascimento FR, Viktor de Paula Barros Baeta J, Prado de França AA, Braga Rocha E Oliveira MA, Pizziolo VR, Aparecida Dos Santos A, Antônio de Oliveira Mendes T, Diaz-Muñoz G, Nogueira Diaz MA. Dibenzoylmethane derivative inhibits melanoma cancer in vitro and in vivo through induction of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 351:109734. [PMID: 34742685 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma has a low incidence, but is the most lethal type of skin cancer. Studies have shown that dibenzoylmethanes (DBMs) have interesting biological activities, including antineoplastic properties. These findings led us to investigate whether news DBM derivatives exert antitumor effects against skin cancers. In a previous study, we found that 1,3-diphenyl-2-benzyl-1,3-propanedione (DPBP) has high in vitro antineoplastic activity against murine B16F10 melanoma cells, with an IC50 of 6.25 μg/mL. In the current study, we used transdermal and topical formulations of DPBP to evaluate its activity and molecular mechanism of action in a murine model of melanoma. The compound induces tumor cell death with high selectivity (selectivity index of 41.94) by triggering apoptosis through intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. DPBP treatment reduced tumor volume as well as serum VEGF-A and uric acid levels. Hepatomegaly and nephrotoxicity were not observed at the tested doses. Histopathological analysis of sentinel lymph nodes revealed no evidence of metastases. According to the observed data, the DPBP compound was effective for the topical treatment of melanoma cancer, suggesting that it acts as a chemotherapeutic or chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Rodrigues Nascimento
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Virgínia Ramos Pizziolo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gaspar Diaz-Muñoz
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Marisa Alves Nogueira Diaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
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11
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Rauca VF, Patras L, Luput L, Licarete E, Toma VA, Porfire A, Mot AC, Rakosy-Tican E, Sesarman A, Banciu M. Remodeling tumor microenvironment by liposomal codelivery of DMXAA and simvastatin inhibits malignant melanoma progression. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22102. [PMID: 34764332 PMCID: PMC8585864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic therapies for melanoma have not yet been translated into meaningful clinical benefit for patients, due to the development of drug-induced resistance in cancer cells, mainly caused by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) overexpression and enhanced oxidative stress mediated by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Our previous study demonstrated synergistic antitumor actions of simvastatin (SIM) and 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA) on an in vitro melanoma model via suppression of the aggressive phenotype of melanoma cells and inhibition of TAMs-mediated angiogenesis. Therefore, we took the advantage of long circulating liposomes (LCL) superior tumor targeting capacity to efficiently deliver SIM and DMXAA to B16.F10 melanoma in vivo, with the final aim of improving the outcome of the anti-angiogenic therapy. Thus, we assessed the effects of this novel combined tumor-targeted treatment on s.c. B16.F10 murine melanoma growth and on the production of critical markers involved in tumor development and progression. Our results showed that the combined liposomal therapy almost totally inhibited (> 90%) the growth of melanoma tumors, due to the enhancement of anti-angiogenic effects of LCL-DMXAA by LCL-SIM and simultaneous induction of a pro-apoptotic state of tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). These effects were accompanied by the partial re-education of TAMs towards an M1 phenotype and augmented by combined therapy-induced suppression of major invasion and metastasis promoters (HIF-1α, pAP-1 c-Jun, and MMPs). Thus, this novel therapy holds the potential to remodel the TME, by suppressing its most important malignant biological capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin-Florian Rauca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, and Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 29 Biedersteiner Street, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Patras
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, and Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lavinia Luput
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, and Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Emilia Licarete
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, and Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Molecular Biology Centre, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research in Bio-Nano-Sciences of Babes-Bolyai University, 42 Treboniu Laurian Street, 400271, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vlad-Alexandru Toma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, and Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Experimental Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Research, Branch of NIRDBS Bucharest, 48 Republicii Street, 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Molecular and Biomolecular Physics, National Institute of Research and Development for Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donath Street, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Porfire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", 8 Babeş Street, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Augustin Catalin Mot
- Research Center for Advanced Chemical Analysis, Instrumentation and Chemometrics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Elena Rakosy-Tican
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, and Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Sesarman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, and Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Manuela Banciu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, and Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, 5-7 Clinicilor Street, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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12
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Pop TD, Diaconeasa Z. Recent Advances in Phenolic Metabolites and Skin Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9707. [PMID: 34575899 PMCID: PMC8471058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer represents any tumor development from the cutaneous structures within the epidermis, dermis or subcutaneous tissue, and is considered to be the most prevalent type of cancer. Compared to other types of cancer, skin cancer is proven to have a positive growth rate of prevalence and mortality. There are available various treatments, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapy, but because of the multidrug resistance development, a low success has been registered. By this, the importance of studying naturally occurring compounds that are both safe and effective in the chemoprevention of skin cancer is emphasized. This review focuses on melanoma because it is the deadliest form of skin cancer, with a significantly increasing incidence in the last decades. As chemopreventive agents, we present polyphenols and their antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effect, their ability to balance the cell cycle and to induce apoptosis and their various other effects on skin melanoma. Besides chemoprevention, studies suggest that polyphenols can have treating abilities in some conditions. The limitations of using polyphenols are also pointed out, which are related to their poor bioavailability and stability, but as the technology is well developed, it is possible to augment the efficacy of polyphenols in the case of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zorita Diaconeasa
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Disseminated Melanoma Cells Transdifferentiate into Endothelial Cells in Intravascular Niches at Metastatic Sites. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107765. [PMID: 32553158 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell plasticity, including transdifferentiation, is thought to be a key driver of therapy failure, tumor dormancy, and metastatic dissemination. Although melanoma cells have been shown to adopt various phenotypic features in vitro, direct in vivo evidence of metastatic cell plasticity remains sparse. Here, we combine lineage tracing in a spontaneous metastatic mouse model of melanoma, advanced imaging, and single-cell RNA sequencing approaches to search for pathophysiologically relevant melanoma cellular states. We identify melanoma cells in intravascular niches of various metastatic organs. These cells are quiescent, are negative for characteristic melanoma markers, and acquire endothelial cell features. We replicate the endothelial transdifferentiation (EndT) finding in another mouse model and provide evidence of EndT in BRAFV600E-metastatic biopsies from human lung, brain, and small intestine, thus highlighting the clinical relevance of these findings. The tumor-vasculature pattern described herein may contribute to melanoma dormancy within metastatic organs and represent a putative target for therapies.
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14
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Romano V, Belviso I, Venuta A, Ruocco MR, Masone S, Aliotta F, Fiume G, Montagnani S, Avagliano A, Arcucci A. Influence of Tumor Microenvironment and Fibroblast Population Plasticity on Melanoma Growth, Therapy Resistance and Immunoescape. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5283. [PMID: 34067929 PMCID: PMC8157224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) tissue represents a network constituted by cancer cells and tumor microenvironment (TME). A key feature of CM is the high structural and cellular plasticity of TME, allowing its evolution with disease and adaptation to cancer cell and environmental alterations. In particular, during melanoma development and progression each component of TME by interacting with each other and with cancer cells is subjected to dramatic structural and cellular modifications. These alterations affect extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling, phenotypic profile of stromal cells, cancer growth and therapeutic response. The stromal fibroblast populations of the TME include normal fibroblasts and melanoma-associated fibroblasts (MAFs) that are highly abundant and flexible cell types interacting with melanoma and stromal cells and differently influencing CM outcomes. The shift from the normal microenvironment to TME and from normal fibroblasts to MAFs deeply sustains CM growth. Hence, in this article we review the features of the normal microenvironment and TME and describe the phenotypic plasticity of normal dermal fibroblasts and MAFs, highlighting their roles in normal skin homeostasis and TME regulation. Moreover, we discuss the influence of MAFs and their secretory profiles on TME remodelling, melanoma progression, targeted therapy resistance and immunosurveillance, highlighting the cellular interactions, the signalling pathways and molecules involved in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Romano
- Department of Public Health, University of Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (I.B.); (A.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Immacolata Belviso
- Department of Public Health, University of Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (I.B.); (A.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Alessandro Venuta
- Department of Public Health, University of Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (I.B.); (A.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Ruocco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.R.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Stefania Masone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Federica Aliotta
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.R.R.); (F.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Fiume
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Stefania Montagnani
- Department of Public Health, University of Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (I.B.); (A.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Angelica Avagliano
- Department of Public Health, University of Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (I.B.); (A.V.); (S.M.)
- Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, University of Napoli Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Arcucci
- Department of Public Health, University of Napoli “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (I.B.); (A.V.); (S.M.)
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D'Aguanno S, Mallone F, Marenco M, Del Bufalo D, Moramarco A. Hypoxia-dependent drivers of melanoma progression. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:159. [PMID: 33964953 PMCID: PMC8106186 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01926-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, a condition of low oxygen availability, is a hallmark of tumour microenvironment and promotes cancer progression and resistance to therapy. Many studies reported the essential role of hypoxia in regulating invasiveness, angiogenesis, vasculogenic mimicry and response to therapy in melanoma. Melanoma is an aggressive cancer originating from melanocytes located in the skin (cutaneous melanoma), in the uveal tract of the eye (uveal melanoma) or in mucosal membranes (mucosal melanoma). These three subtypes of melanoma represent distinct neoplasms in terms of biology, epidemiology, aetiology, molecular profile and clinical features.In this review, the latest progress in hypoxia-regulated pathways involved in the development and progression of all melanoma subtypes were discussed. We also summarized current knowledge on preclinical studies with drugs targeting Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1, angiogenesis or vasculogenic mimicry. Finally, we described available evidence on clinical studies investigating the use of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 inhibitors or antiangiogenic drugs, alone or in combination with other strategies, in metastatic and adjuvant settings of cutaneous, uveal and mucosal melanoma.Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-independent pathways have been also reported to regulate melanoma progression, but this issue is beyond the scope of this review.As evident from the numerous studies discussed in this review, the increasing knowledge of hypoxia-regulated pathways in melanoma progression and the promising results obtained from novel antiangiogenic therapies, could offer new perspectives in clinical practice in order to improve survival outcomes of melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona D'Aguanno
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Mallone
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Marenco
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
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Hypoxia and Extracellular Acidification as Drivers of Melanoma Progression and Drug Resistance. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040862. [PMID: 33918883 PMCID: PMC8070386 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and elevated extracellular acidification are prevalent features of solid tumors and they are often shown to facilitate cancer progression and drug resistance. In this review, we have compiled recent and most relevant research pertaining to the role of hypoxia and acidification in melanoma growth, invasiveness, and response to therapy. Melanoma represents a highly aggressive and heterogeneous type of skin cancer. Currently employed treatments, including BRAF V600E inhibitors and immune therapy, often are not effective due to a rapidly developing drug resistance. A variety of intracellular mechanisms impeding the treatment were discovered. However, the tumor microenvironment encompassing stromal and immune cells, extracellular matrix, and physicochemical conditions such as oxygen level or acidity, may also influence the therapy effectiveness. Hypoxia and acidification are able to reprogram the metabolism of melanoma cells, enhance their survival and invasiveness, as well as promote the immunosuppressive environment. For this reason, these physicochemical features of the melanoma niche and signaling pathways related to them emerge as potential therapeutic targets.
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Thinking Small: Small Molecules as Potential Synergistic Adjuncts to Checkpoint Inhibition in Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063228. [PMID: 33810078 PMCID: PMC8005112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma remains the deadliest form of skin cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) immunotherapy has defined a new age in melanoma treatment, but responses remain inconsistent and some patients develop treatment resistance. The myriad of newly developed small molecular (SM) inhibitors of specific effector targets now affords a plethora of opportunities to increase therapeutic responses, even in resistant melanoma. In this review, we will discuss the multitude of SM classes currently under investigation, current and prospective clinical combinations of ICI and SM therapies, and their potential for synergism in melanoma eradication based on established mechanisms of immunotherapy resistance.
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Fuselier C, Quemener S, Dufay E, Bour C, Boulagnon-Rombi C, Bouland N, Djermoune EH, Devy J, Martiny L, Schneider C. Anti-Tumoral and Anti-Angiogenic Effects of Low-Diluted Phenacetinum on Melanoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:597503. [PMID: 33747916 PMCID: PMC7966719 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.597503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and the most rapidly expanding cancer in terms of worldwide incidence. If primary cutaneous melanoma is mostly treated with a curative wide local excision, malignant melanoma has a poor prognosis and needs other therapeutic approaches. Angiogenesis is a normal physiological process essential in growth and development, but it also plays a crucial role in crossing from benign to advanced state in cancer. In melanoma progression, angiogenesis is widely involved during the vertical growth phase. Currently, no anti-angiogenic agents are efficient on their own, and combination of treatments will probably be the key to success. In the past, phenacetin was used as an analgesic to relieve pain, causing side effects at large dose and tumor-inducing in humans and animals. By contrast, Phenacetinum low-dilution is often used in skin febrile exanthema, patches profusely scattered on limbs, headache, or flushed face without side effects. Herein are described the in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo anti-angiogenic and anti-tumoral potentials of Phenacetinum low-dilution in a B16F1 tumor model and endothelial cells. We demonstrate that low-diluted Phenacetinum inhibits in vivo tumor growth and tumor vascularization and thus increases the survival time of B16F1 melanoma induced-C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, Phenacetinum modulates the lung metastasis in a B16F10 induced model. Ex vivo and in vitro, we evidence that low-diluted Phenacetinum inhibits the migration and the recruitment of endothelial cells and leads to an imbalance in the pro-tumoral macrophages and to a structural malformation of the vascular network. All together these results demonstrate highly hopeful anti-tumoral, anti-metastatic, and anti-angiogenic effects of Phenacetinum low-dilution on melanoma. Continued studies are needed to preclinically validate Phenacetinum low-dilution as a complementary or therapeutic strategy for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Fuselier
- Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7369 (Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC), Reims, France
| | - Sandrine Quemener
- Université de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011 INSERM, Lille, France
| | - Eleonore Dufay
- Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7369 (Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC), Reims, France
| | - Camille Bour
- Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7369 (Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC), Reims, France
| | - Camille Boulagnon-Rombi
- Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7369 (Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC), Reims, France
- Centre Hospitalier et Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, laboratoire de Biopathologie, Reims, France
| | - Nicole Bouland
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, laboratoire d’Anatomie Pathologie, Reims, France
| | | | - Jérôme Devy
- Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7369 (Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC), Reims, France
| | - Laurent Martiny
- Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7369 (Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC), Reims, France
| | - Christophe Schneider
- Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 7369 (Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC), Reims, France
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Quaresmini D, Guida M. Neoangiogenesis in Melanoma: An Issue in Biology and Systemic Treatment. Front Immunol 2020; 11:584903. [PMID: 33193402 PMCID: PMC7658002 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.584903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoangiogenesis is a recognized hallmark of cancer, granting tumor cells to dispose of metabolic substrates through a newly created vascular supply. Neoangiogenesis was also confirmed in melanoma, where vascular proliferation is associated with increased aggressiveness and poorer prognosis. Furthermore, melanoma cells show the so-called vascular mimicry, consisting in the assumption of endothelial-like features inducing the expression of pro-angiogenic receptors and ligands, which take part in the interplay with extracellular matrix (ECM) components and are potentiated by the ECM remodeling and the barrier molecule junction alterations that characterize the metastatic phase. Although neoangiogenesis was biologically proven and clinically associated with worse outcomes in melanoma patients, in the past anti-angiogenic therapies were employed with poor improvement of the already unsatisfactory results associated with chemotherapic agents. Among the novel therapies of melanoma, immunotherapy has led to previously unexpected outcomes of treatment, yet there is a still strong need for potentiating the results, possibly by new regimens of combination therapies. Molecular models in many cancer types showed mutual influences between immune responses and vascular normalization. Recently, clinical trials are investigating the efficacy of the association between anti-angiogenetic agents and immune-checkpoint inhibitors to treat advanced stage melanoma. This paper reviews the biological bases of angiogenesis in melanoma and summarizes the currently available clinical data on the use of anti-angiogenetic compounds in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Quaresmini
- Rare Tumors and Melanoma Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Guida
- Rare Tumors and Melanoma Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
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Di Martile M, Garzoli S, Ragno R, Del Bufalo D. Essential Oils and Their Main Chemical Components: The Past 20 Years of Preclinical Studies in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092650. [PMID: 32948083 PMCID: PMC7565555 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the last years, targeted therapy and immunotherapy modified the landscape for metastatic melanoma treatment. These therapeutic approaches led to an impressive improvement in patients overall survival. Unfortunately, the emergence of drug resistance and side effects occurring during therapy strongly limit the long-term efficacy of such treatments. Several preclinical studies demonstrate the efficacy of essential oils as antitumoral agents, and clinical trials support their use to reduce side effects emerging during therapy. In this review we have summarized studies describing the molecular mechanism through which essential oils induce in vitro and in vivo cell death in melanoma models. We also pointed to clinical trials investigating the use of essential oils in reducing the side effects experienced by cancer patients or those undergoing anticancer therapy. From this review emerged that further studies are necessary to validate the effectiveness of essential oils for the management of melanoma. Abstract The last two decades have seen the development of effective therapies, which have saved the lives of a large number of melanoma patients. However, therapeutic options are still limited for patients without BRAF mutations or in relapse from current treatments, and severe side effects often occur during therapy. Thus, additional insights to improve treatment efficacy with the aim to decrease the likelihood of chemoresistance, as well as reducing side effects of current therapies, are required. Natural products offer great opportunities for the discovery of antineoplastic drugs, and still represent a useful source of novel molecules. Among them, essential oils, representing the volatile fraction of aromatic plants, are always being actively investigated by several research groups and show promising biological activities for their use as complementary or alternative medicine for several diseases, including cancer. In this review, we focused on studies reporting the mechanism through which essential oils exert antitumor action in preclinical wild type or mutant BRAF melanoma models. We also discussed the latest use of essential oils in improving cancer patients’ quality of life. As evidenced by the many studies listed in this review, through their effect on apoptosis and tumor progression-associated properties, essential oils can therefore be considered as potential natural pharmaceutical resources for cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Di Martile
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.D.M.); (D.D.B.); Tel.: +39-0652666891 (M.D.M.); +39-0652662575 (D.D.B.)
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.G.); (R.R.)
| | - Rino Ragno
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (S.G.); (R.R.)
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.D.M.); (D.D.B.); Tel.: +39-0652666891 (M.D.M.); +39-0652662575 (D.D.B.)
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Salvati L, Mandalà M, Massi D. Melanoma brain metastases: review of histopathological features and immune-molecular aspects. Melanoma Manag 2020; 7:MMT44. [PMID: 32821376 PMCID: PMC7426753 DOI: 10.2217/mmt-2019-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with melanoma brain metastases (MBM) have a dismal prognosis, but the unprecedented advances in systemic therapy alone or in combination with local therapy have now extended the 1-year overall survival rate from 20–25% to nearing 80–85%, mainly in asymptomatic patients. The histopathological and molecular characterization of MBM and the understanding of the microenvironment are critical to more effectively manage patients with advanced melanoma and to design biologically driven clinical trials. This review aims to give an overview of the main histopathological features and the immune-molecular aspects of MBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Salvati
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Mandalà
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology & Hematology, Pope John XXIII Cancer Center Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Daniela Massi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Avagliano A, Fiume G, Pelagalli A, Sanità G, Ruocco MR, Montagnani S, Arcucci A. Metabolic Plasticity of Melanoma Cells and Their Crosstalk With Tumor Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2020; 10:722. [PMID: 32528879 PMCID: PMC7256186 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a highly aggressive and drug resistant solid tumor, showing an impressive metabolic plasticity modulated by oncogenic activation. In particular, melanoma cells can generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during cancer progression by both cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments, although CM energetic request mostly relies on glycolysis. The upregulation of glycolysis is associated with constitutive activation of BRAF/MAPK signaling sustained by BRAFV600E kinase mutant. In this scenario, the growth and progression of CM are strongly affected by melanoma metabolic changes and interplay with tumor microenvironment (TME) that sustain tumor development and immune escape. Furthermore, CM metabolic plasticity can induce a metabolic adaptive response to BRAF/MEK inhibitors (BRAFi/MEKi), associated with the shift from glycolysis toward oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Therefore, in this review article we survey the metabolic alterations and plasticity of CM, its crosstalk with TME that regulates melanoma progression, drug resistance and immunosurveillance. Finally, we describe hallmarks of melanoma therapeutic strategies targeting the shift from glycolysis toward OXPHOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Avagliano
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fiume
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pelagalli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Sanità
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Ruocco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Montagnani
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Arcucci
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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van de Veen W, Globinska A, Jansen K, Straumann A, Kubo T, Verschoor D, Wirz OF, Castro-Giner F, Tan G, Rückert B, Ochsner U, Herrmann M, Stanić B, van Splunter M, Huntjens D, Wallimann A, Fonseca Guevara RJ, Spits H, Ignatova D, Chang YT, Fassnacht C, Guenova E, Flatz L, Akdis CA, Akdis M. A novel proangiogenic B cell subset is increased in cancer and chronic inflammation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz3559. [PMID: 32426497 PMCID: PMC7220305 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz3559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
B cells contribute to immune responses through the production of immunoglobulins, antigen presentation, and cytokine production. Several B cell subsets with distinct functions and polarized cytokine profiles have been reported. In this study, we used transcriptomics analysis of immortalized B cell clones to identify an IgG4+ B cell subset with a unique function. These B cells are characterized by simultaneous expression of proangiogenic cytokines including VEGF, CYR61, ADM, FGF2, PDGFA, and MDK. Consequently, supernatants from these clones efficiently promote endothelial cell tube formation. We identified CD49b and CD73 as surface markers identifying proangiogenic B cells. Circulating CD49b+CD73+ B cells showed significantly increased frequency in patients with melanoma and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), two diseases associated with angiogenesis. In addition, tissue-infiltrating IgG4+CD49b+CD73+ B cells expressing proangiogenic cytokines were detected in patients with EoE and melanoma. Our results demonstrate a previously unidentified proangiogenic B cell subset characterized by expression of CD49b, CD73, and proangiogenic cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Anna Globinska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Kirstin Jansen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Alex Straumann
- Swiss EoE Clinic and EoE Research Network, Olten, Switzerland
| | - Terufumi Kubo
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daniëlle Verschoor
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Oliver F. Wirz
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Francesc Castro-Giner
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich/University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ge Tan
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich/University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beate Rückert
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Urs Ochsner
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Marietta Herrmann
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
- IZKF Group Tissue Regeneration in Musculoskeletal Diseases, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Stanić
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Marloes van Splunter
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Daan Huntjens
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Wallimann
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | | | - Hergen Spits
- AIMM Therapeutics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Desislava Ignatova
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yun-Tsan Chang
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christina Fassnacht
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuella Guenova
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
- University Hospital of Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Flatz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Corresponding author.
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Resistance of melanoma cells to anticancer treatment: a role of vascular endothelial growth factor. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2020; 37:11-18. [PMID: 32467677 PMCID: PMC7247075 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2020.93378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive and resistant to treatment neoplasms. There are still many challenges despite many promising advances in anticancer treatment. Currently, the main problem for all types of treatment is associated with heterogeneity. Due to heterogeneity of cancer cells, "precise" targeting of a medicine against a single phenotype limits the efficacy of treatment and affects resistance to applied therapy. Therefore it is important to understand aetiology and reasons for heterogeneity in order to develop effective and long-lasting treatment. This review summarises roles of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that may stimulate growth of a melanoma tumour irrespective of its proangiogenic effects, contributing to cancer heterogeneity. VEGF triggers processes associated with extracellular matrix remodelling, cell migration, invasion, angiogenesis, inhibition of immune responses and favours phenotypic plasticity and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Consequently, it participates in mechanisms of interactions between melanoma cancer cells and microenvironment and it can modify sensitivity to therapeutic factors.
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Lv R, Yu J, Sun Q. Anti-angiogenic role of microRNA-23b in melanoma by disturbing NF-κB signaling pathway via targeted inhibition of NAMPT. Future Oncol 2020; 16:541-458. [PMID: 32107941 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Melanoma is the major cause of death in patients inflicting skin cancer. We identify miR-23b plays an anti-angiogenic role in melanoma. Materials & methods: We collected tumor tissues from melanoma patients. Experiments in vivo and in vitro were designed to evaluate the role of miR-23b in melanoma. Results & conclusion: miR-23b was found to be downregulated in melanoma tissues, and associated with poor patient survival. Elevating miR-23b inhibited cell viability and colony formation, reduced pro-angiogenetic ability, and accelerated apoptosis in SK-MEL-28 cells. miR-23b targeted NAMPT. Disturbing NF-κB signaling pathway with ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (an inhibitor of NF-kB signaling pathway) impeded acquired pro-angiogenetic ability of nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase-overexpressed SK-MEL-28 cells. MiR-23b is a prognostic factor in melanoma. This study provides an enhanced understanding of microRNA-based targets for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renrong Lv
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Ji'nan 250021, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Burn & Plastic Surgery, Zhangqiu People's Hospital, Ji'nan 250200, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, Ji'nan Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Ji'nan 250001, Shandong Province, PR China
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26
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Simonsen TG, Gaustad JV, Rofstad EK. Bevacizumab treatment of meningeal melanoma metastases. J Transl Med 2020; 18:13. [PMID: 31915016 PMCID: PMC6947957 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02212-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoma patients with metastatic growth in the meninges have poor prognosis and few treatment options. Although treatment with BRAF inhibitors or immune checkpoint inhibitors has provided promising results, most patients with advanced melanoma are resistant to these treatments and develop severe side effects. Novel treatment strategies are needed for patients with meningeal melanoma metastases, and the potential of antiangiogenic therapy was investigated in this preclinical study. Methods Two GFP-transfected melanoma models (A-07 and D-12) differing substantially in VEGF-A expression were included in the study, and the anti-VEGF-A antibody bevacizumab was used as therapeutic agent. Meningeal metastases were initiated in BALB/c nu/nu mice by intracranial inoculation of melanoma cells, and bevacizumab treatment was given twice a week in i.p. doses of 10 mg/kg until the mice became moribund. Therapeutic effects were evaluated by determining tumor host survival time, assessing tumor growth and angiogenic activity by quantitative analyses of histological preparations, and measuring the expression of angiogenesis-related genes by quantitative PCR. Results Meningeal A-07 melanomas showed higher expression of VEGF-A than meningeal D-12 melanomas, whereas the expression of ANGPT2 and IL8, two important angiogenesis drivers in melanoma, was much higher in D-12 than in A-07 tumors. Bevacizumab treatment inhibited tumor angiogenesis and prolonged host survival in mice with A-07 tumors but not in mice with D-12 tumors. Meningeal A-07 tumors in bevacizumab-treated mice compensated for the reduced VEGF-A activity by up-regulating a large number of angiogenesis-related genes, including ANGPT2 and its receptors TIE1 and TIE2. Melanoma cells migrated from meningeal tumors into the cerebrum, where they initiated metastatic growth by vessel co-option. In the A-07 model, the density of cerebral micrometastases was higher in bevacizumab-treated than in untreated mice, either because bevacizumab treatment increased mouse survival or induced increased tumor gene expression. Conclusions The development of antiangiogenic strategies for the treatment of meningeal melanoma metastases is a challenging task because the outcome of treatment will depend on the angiogenic signature of the tumor tissue, treatment-induced alterations of the angiogenic signature, and the treatment sensitivity of metastatic lesions in other intracranial sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trude G Simonsen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon-Vidar Gaustad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar K Rofstad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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27
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Cho WC, Jour G, Aung PP. Role of angiogenesis in melanoma progression: Update on key angiogenic mechanisms and other associated components. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 59:175-186. [PMID: 31255774 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from existing blood vessels, is a complex and highly regulated process that plays a role in a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes. In malignancy, angiogenesis is essential for neoplastic cells to acquire the nutrients and oxygen critical for their continued proliferation. Angiogenesis requires a sequence of well-coordinated events mediated by a number of tightly regulated interactions between pro-angiogenic factors and their corresponding receptors expressed on various vascular components (e.g., endothelial cells and pericytes) and stromal components forming the extracellular matrix. In this review, we discuss the functional roles of key growth factors and cytokines known to promote angiogenesis in cutaneous melanoma and key factors implicated in the extracellular matrix remodeling that acts synergistically with angiogenesis to promote tumor progression in melanoma, incorporating some of the most up-to-date basic science knowledge from recently published in vivo and in vitro experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Cheal Cho
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George Jour
- Department of Pathology and Dermatology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Phyu P Aung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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28
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Wang L, Wei CY, Xu YY, Deng XY, Wang Q, Ying JH, Zhang SM, Yuan X, Xuan TF, Pan YY, Gu JY. Prognostic genes of melanoma identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis and drug repositioning using a network-based method. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6066-6078. [PMID: 31788081 PMCID: PMC6864934 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most malignant types of skin cancer. However, the efficacy and utility of available drug therapies for melanoma are limited. The objective of the present study was to identify potential genes associated with melanoma progression and to explore approved therapeutic drugs that target these genes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used to construct a gene co-expression network, explore the associations between genes and clinical characteristics and identify potential biomarkers. Gene expression profiles of the GSE65904 dataset were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. RNA-sequencing data and clinical information associated with melanoma obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas were used for biomarker validation. A total of 15 modules were identified through average linkage hierarchical clustering. In the two significant modules, three network hub genes associated with melanoma prognosis were identified: C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), interleukin 7 receptor (IL7R) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit γ (PIK3CG). The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that the mRNA levels of these genes exhibited excellent prognostic efficiency for primary and metastatic tumor tissues. In addition, the proximity between candidate genes associated with melanoma progression and drug targets obtained from DrugBank was calculated in the protein interaction network, and the top 15 drugs that may be suitable for treating melanoma were identified. In summary, co-expression network analysis led to the selection of CXCR4, IL7R and PIK3CG for further basic and clinical research on melanoma. Utilizing a network-based method, 15 drugs that exhibited potential for the treatment of melanoma were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chuan-Yuan Wei
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Xu
- Department of Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yi Deng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jiang-Hui Ying
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Si-Min Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Fan Xuan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Yan Pan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ying Gu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Long-Term Local Injection of RAGE-Aptamer Suppresses the Growth of Malignant Melanoma in Nude Mice. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:7387601. [PMID: 31565056 PMCID: PMC6746150 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7387601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has suggested the pathological role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptor RAGE axis in aging-associated disorders, including cancers. In this study, we examined the effects of local injection of RAGE-aptamer adjacent to the tumor on G361 melanoma growth in nude mice. We further investigated the effects of RAGE-aptamer on oxidative stress generation, RAGE, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) gene expression in Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML)-exposed G361 melanoma cells in vitro. Local injection of RAGE-aptamer adjacent to the tumor dramatically decreased the growth of G361 melanoma in nude mice, which was associated with reduced expression of CML, RAGE, nitrotyrosine, VEGF, CD31, and von Willebrand factor, markers of endothelial cells in G361 tumors. Furthermore, RAGE-aptamer inhibited the binding of CML to V-domain of RAGE and blocked the CML-induced increases in oxidative stress generation, RAGE, VEGF, and MCP-1 mRNA levels in G361 melanoma cells. Our present findings suggest that long-term local injection of RAGE-aptamer adjacent to the tumor could inhibit melanoma growth in nude mice partly by suppressing tumor angiogenesis via blockade of the CML-RAGE interaction. Local injection of RAGE-aptamer may be a feasible therapeutic tool for the treatment of malignant melanoma.
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Hanouna G, Tang E, Perez J, Vandermeersch S, Haymann JP, Baud L, Letavernier E. Preventing Calpain Externalization by Reducing ABCA1 Activity with Probenecid Limits Melanoma Angiogenesis and Development. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:445-454. [PMID: 31425704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.06.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Calpains, intracellular proteases specifically inhibited by calpastatin, play a major role in neoangiogenesis involved in tumor invasiveness and metastasis. They are partly exteriorized via the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1(ABCA1) transporter, but the importance of this process in tumor growth is still unknown. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of extracellular calpains in a model of melanoma by blocking their extracellular activity or exteriorization. In the first approach, a B16-F10 model of melanoma was developed in transgenic mice expressing high extracellular levels of calpastatin. In these mice, tumor growth was inhibited by ∼ 3-fold compared with wild-type animals. In vitro cytotoxicity assays and in vivo tumor studies have demonstrated that this protection was associated with a defect in tumor neoangiogenesis. Similarly, in wild-type animals given probenecid to blunt ABCA1 activity, melanoma tumor growth was inhibited by ∼ 3-fold. Again, this response was associated with a defect in neoangiogenesis. In vitro studies confirmed that probenecid limited endothelial cell migration and capillary formation from vascular explants. The observed reduction in fibronectin cleavage under these conditions is potentially involved in the response. Collectively, these studies demonstrate that probenecid, by blunting ABCA1 activity and thereby calpain exteriorization, limits melanoma tumor neoangiogenesis and invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Hanouna
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1155 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1155, Paris, France
| | - Ellie Tang
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1155 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1155, Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Perez
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1155 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1155, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Vandermeersch
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1155 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1155, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Haymann
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1155 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1155, Paris, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Baud
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1155 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1155, Paris, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Letavernier
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1155 and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU i2B), Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR_S 1155, Paris, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France.
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31
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Wei CY, Zhu MX, Zhang PF, Yang X, Wang L, Ying JH, Luan WJ, Chen C, Liu JQ, Zhu M, Yang YW, Feng ZH, Qi FZ, Gu JY. Elevated kindlin-2 promotes tumour progression and angiogenesis through the mTOR/VEGFA pathway in melanoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:6273-6285. [PMID: 31427543 PMCID: PMC6738412 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: In our previous study, kindlin-2 promoted skin wound healing and decreased the permeability of neovascularization during angiogenesis. Herein, we explored the biological function and underlying mechanism of kindlin-2 in cutaneous melanoma. Methods and Results: Through a series of in vitro assays, we found that high levels of kindlin-2 promoted migration and invasion of melanoma cells without influencing cell proliferation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analyses showed that upregulated kindlin-2 promoted the cellular epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Importantly, we found that melanoma cells overexpressing kindlin-2 promoted angiogenesis and VEGFA secretion in vitro and facilitated tumour growth and lung metastasis in vivo. To unveil the underlying mechanism, we conducted Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and differential expression analyses. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were primarily enriched in the TGF-β, mTOR and VEGF signalling pathways. Then, we confirmed that the mTOR/VEGFA pathway was activated during the process of kindlin-2-induced melanoma progression and angiogenesis. Moreover, we demonstrated that kindlin-2 was significantly overexpressed in clinical melanoma samples and that a high level of kindlin-2 predicted a poor prognosis. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings showed that kindlin-2 promotes angiogenesis and tumour progression via the mTOR/VEGFA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Yuan Wei
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Xuan Zhu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jiang-Hui Ying
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jie Luan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Qi Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Wen Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Hao Feng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Fa-Zhi Qi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ying Gu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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32
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Metabolic flexibility in melanoma: A potential therapeutic target. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 59:187-207. [PMID: 31362075 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) represents one of the most metastasizing and drug resistant solid tumors. CM is characterized by a remarkable metabolic plasticity and an important connection between oncogenic activation and energetic metabolism. In fact, melanoma cells can use both cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during cancer progression. However, the CM energetic demand mainly depends on glycolysis, whose upregulation is strictly linked to constitutive activation of BRAF/MAPK pathway affected by BRAFV600E kinase mutant. Furthermore, the impressive metabolic plasticity of melanoma allows the development of resistance mechanisms to BRAF/MEK inhibitors (BRAFi/MEKi) and the adaptation to microenvironmental changes. The metabolic interaction between melanoma cells and tumor microenvironment affects the immune response and CM growth. In this review article, we describe the regulation of melanoma metabolic alterations and the metabolic interactions between cancer cells and microenvironment that influence melanoma progression and immune response. Finally, we summarize the hallmarks of melanoma therapies and we report BRAF/MEK pathway targeted therapy and mechanisms of metabolic resistance.
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Lu J, Liang X, Gao Y, Fu G, Shen Q. Hexokinase2 controls angiogenesis in melanoma by promoting aerobic glycolysis and activating the p38‐MAPK signaling. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19721-19729. [PMID: 31270843 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Lu
- Department of Dermatology Wuhan Children's Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Xiaofang Liang
- Department of Dermatology The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Ying Gao
- Department of Dermatology The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Guili Fu
- Department of Dermatology Wuhan Children's Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Qin Shen
- Department of Dermatology Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Wuhan Hubei China
- Department of Dermatology Hubei Provincial Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Wuhan Hubei China
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34
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Marzagalli M, Raimondi M, Fontana F, Montagnani Marelli M, Moretti RM, Limonta P. Cellular and molecular biology of cancer stem cells in melanoma: Possible therapeutic implications. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 59:221-235. [PMID: 31265892 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a tumor characterized by a very high level of heterogeneity, responsible for its malignant behavior and ability to escape from standard therapies. In this review we highlight the molecular and biological features of the subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), well known to be characterized by self-renewal properties, deeply involved in triggering the processes of tumor generation, metastasis, progression and drug resistance. From the molecular point of view, melanoma CSCs are identified and characterized by the expression of stemness markers, such as surface markers, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, embryonic stem cells and intracellular markers. These cells are endowed with different functional features. In particular, they play pivotal roles in the processes of tumor dissemination, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis, mediated by specific intracellular signaling pathways; moreover, they are characterized by a unique metabolic reprogramming. As reported for other types of tumors, the CSCs subpopulation in melanoma is also characterized by a low immunogenic profile as well as by the ability to escape the immune system, through the expression of a negative modulation of T cell functions and the secretion of immunosuppressive factors. These biological features allow melanoma CSCs to escape standard treatments, thus being deeply involved in tumor relapse. Targeting the CSCs subpopulation is now considered an attractive treatment strategy; in particular, combination treatments, based on both CSCs-targeting and standard drugs, will likely increase the therapeutic options for melanoma patients. The characterization of CSCs in liquid biopsies from single patients will pave the way towards precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Marzagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Michela Raimondi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Fontana
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Roberta M Moretti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Limonta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy.
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35
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Castet F, Garcia-Mulero S, Sanz-Pamplona R, Cuellar A, Casanovas O, Caminal JM, Piulats JM. Uveal Melanoma, Angiogenesis and Immunotherapy, Is There Any Hope? Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E834. [PMID: 31212986 PMCID: PMC6627065 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is considered a rare disease but it is the most common intraocular malignancy in adults. Local treatments are effective, but the systemic recurrence rate is unacceptably high. Moreover, once metastasis have developed the prognosis is poor, with a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%, and systemic therapies, including immunotherapy, have rendered poor results. The tumour biology is complex, but angiogenesis is a highly important pathway in these tumours. Vasculogenic mimicry, the ability of melanomas to generate vascular channels independently of endothelial cells, could play an important role, but no effective therapy targeting this process has been developed so far. Angiogenesis modulates the tumour microenvironment of melanomas, and a close interplay is established between them. Therefore, combining immune strategies with drugs targeting angiogenesis offers a new therapeutic paradigm. In preclinical studies, these approaches effectively target these tumours, and a phase I clinical study has shown encouraging results in cutaneous melanomas. In this review, we will discuss the importance of angiogenesis in uveal melanoma, with a special focus on vasculogenic mimicry, and describe the interplay between angiogenesis and the tumour microenvironment. In addition, we will suggest future therapeutic approaches based on these observations and mention ways in which to potentially enhance current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Castet
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Cancer (ICO), IDIBELL-OncoBell, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sandra Garcia-Mulero
- Clinical Research in Solid Tumors Group (CREST), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute IDIBELL-OncoBell, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), IDIBELL-OncoBell, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rebeca Sanz-Pamplona
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility, Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), IDIBELL-OncoBell, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Andres Cuellar
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Cancer (ICO), IDIBELL-OncoBell, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Oriol Casanovas
- Tumor Angiogenesis Group, ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL-OncoBell, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Josep Maria Caminal
- Ophthalmology Department; University Hospital of Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Josep Maria Piulats
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Cancer (ICO), IDIBELL-OncoBell, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
- Clinical Research in Solid Tumors Group (CREST), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute IDIBELL-OncoBell, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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36
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Cota C, Saggini A, Lora V, Kutzner H, Rütten A, Sangüeza O, Requena L, Cerroni L. Uncommon Histopathological Variants of Malignant Melanoma: Part 1. Am J Dermatopathol 2019; 41:243-263. [PMID: 30024414 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite new horizons opened by recent advances in molecular pathology, histological evaluation still remains the diagnostic gold standard regarding cutaneous melanocytic neoplasms. Several histological variants of melanoma have been described, and their knowledge is crucial for accurate diagnosis and classification of cases with unusual clinicopathological features. Uncommon histological variants of melanoma have been described based on a broad constellation of features, including architectural pattern, stromal alterations, cytological attributes, and other morphological properties. This review is aimed at providing an extensive discussion of unusual but distinctive histopathological variants of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cota
- Research Unit Dermatopathology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Saggini
- Research Unit Dermatopathology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Lora
- San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Heinz Kutzner
- Dermatopathology Friedrichshafen, Friedrichshafen, Germany
| | - Arno Rütten
- Dermatopathology Friedrichshafen, Friedrichshafen, Germany
| | - Omar Sangüeza
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
| | - Luis Requena
- Department of Dermatology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Cerroni
- Research Unit Dermatopathology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Liu P, Zhu L, Zhang F, Lin J, Du M, Cao Z, Ma L, Hu Z. LncRNA UCA1/miR-143 miR-216b/HK2/MAPK signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of endothelial cell proliferation via the modulation of glycolysis in melanoma. EUR J INFLAMM 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2058739219837050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are noncoding RNAs that function as regulators of tumor suppressors and oncogenes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential mechanism associated with the involvement of urothelial cancer associated 1 (UCA1) in melanoma. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were performed in order to determine the expression levels of UCA1, miR-143, miR-216b, and hexokinase 2 (HK2) in the melanoma and control groups, as well as the influence of UCA1, miR-143, and miR-216b on the expression of HK2, and the effect of lactate and UCA1 on the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). Bioinformatics algorithm analysis and a luciferase assay were performed in order to predict miRNA targets. In addition, an MTT assay was performed in order to determine the effect of lactate and UCA1 expression on cell proliferation. A total of 39 participants, consisting of 18 patients with melanoma and 21 healthy control subjects, were included in the present study. The present study demonstrated that the expression levels of UCA1 mRNA, and HK2 mRNA and protein were enhanced in patients with melanoma compared with healthy controls; whereas the expression levels of miR-143 and miR-216b mRNA were suppressed in patients with melanoma compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, it was revealed that UCA1 negatively modulated the expression of miR-143 and miR-216b, and that miR-143 and miR-216b directly targeted the HK2 protein by binding to the HK2 3′ untranslated region (UTR). In addition, it was demonstrated that miR-143 and miR-216 suppressed the luciferase activity exhibited by wild-type HK2 3′-UTR. Furthermore, it was revealed that transfection with UCA1 small interfering RNA, and miR-143 and miR-216b mimics markedly suppressed HK2 mRNA and protein expression levels as well as lactate levels in human umbilical vein endothelial cells; however, O2 consumption was revealed to be enhanced post transfection. By contrast, transfection with UCA1 enhanced HK2 mRNA and protein expression levels as well as lactate production; however, O2 consumption was revealed to be suppressed post transfection. Lactate-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was revealed to occur in a concentration-dependent manner, and UCA1 enhanced the phosphorylation level of p38 MAPK via the inhibition of miR-143 and miR-216b expression. Lactate and UCA1 were demonstrated to enhance cell proliferation. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the lncRNA UCA1/miR-143 miR-216b/HK2/lactic acid/MAPK axis may be involved in the pathogenesis of melanoma via the modulation of endothelial cells, and thus, lncRNA UCA1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Junhao Lin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Min Du
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Zilong Cao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Zhensheng Hu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
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38
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Anthocyanins from Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx attenuate in vitro and in vivo melanoma cancer metastasis. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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39
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Albuquerque KRS, Pacheco NM, del Rosario Loyo Casao T, de Melo FCSA, Novaes RD, Gonçalves RV. Applicability of Plant Extracts in Preclinical Studies of Melanoma: A Systematic Review. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:6797924. [PMID: 30147443 PMCID: PMC6083739 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6797924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and arises from melanocyte gene mutation. This disease is multifactorial, but its main cause is the excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Currently, available chemotherapy has shown little expressive results, which may justify the high use of natural products to treat this cancer. We performed a systematic review to compile the results of studies carried out in murine models and investigated the effect of plant extracts on melanoma treatment. Papers were selected in MEDLINE/Pubmed and Scopus according to the PRISM statement. Search filters were developed using three parameters: plant extract, melanoma, and animal model. The 35 identified studies were all submitted to the criteria described in the ARRIVE guidelines. The different extracts showed antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity, and also proved to be effective in cell cycle modulation and apoptosis evasion. Bias analysis evidenced the absence of standardized experimental designs, as well as failures in statistical tests and in the presentation of results. The analysis of the studies suggests that the use of plant extracts is effective for the treatment of melanoma in murine models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nívea Maria Pacheco
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rômulo Dias Novaes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
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40
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Fruehauf JP, El-Masry M, Osann K, Parmakhtiar B, Yamamoto M, Jakowatz JG. Phase II study of pazopanib in combination with paclitaxel in patients with metastatic melanoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 82:353-360. [PMID: 29943192 PMCID: PMC6060847 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3624-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This phase II study evaluated the safety and clinical activity of pazopanib, a potent and mutlitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs)-1, -2 and -3, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-α and β, and cKit, in combination with metronomic paclitaxel in patients with metastatic melanoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Sixty chemotherapy-naive patients received pazopanib at a starting dose of 800 mg daily in combination with metronomic dosing of paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 weekly thrice every 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was 6-month progression-free survival (PFS) rate, while secondary endpoints included 1-year overall survival rate, RECIST response rates, progression-free survival rates and median overall survival. Prior BRAF-targeted therapy or checkpoint inhibitors were permitted. RESULTS The 6-month PFS rate was 68%, with a 1-year OS rate of 48%. Objective response rate was 37% comprising one complete and 20 partial responses. Stable disease at 8 weeks was noted in 32 patients (55%) with an overall clinical benefit rate of 93%. Six-month median progression-free survival was 8 months and median OS was 12.7 months. The most frequently (> 15%) reported non-hematologic, treatment-related adverse events were fatigue, diarrhea, hypertension, transaminitis and peripheral neuropathy. Treatment-related non-fatal bowel perforation, a known class effect, occurred in one patient. No significant association was noted between plasma levels of pazopanib and response. CONCLUSIONS The combination of pazopanib and metronomic paclitaxel was well-tolerated, demonstrating significant activity in metastatic melanoma. Further evaluation of this combination is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Fruehauf
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, 101 The City Drive South, Bldg 56, Orange, Irvine, CA, 92868, USA.
| | - Monica El-Masry
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, 101 The City Drive South, Bldg 56, Orange, Irvine, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Katherine Osann
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, 101 The City Drive South, Bldg 56, Orange, Irvine, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Basmina Parmakhtiar
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, 101 The City Drive South, Bldg 56, Orange, Irvine, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Maki Yamamoto
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, 101 The City Drive South, Bldg 56, Orange, Irvine, CA, 92868, USA
| | - James G Jakowatz
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, 101 The City Drive South, Bldg 56, Orange, Irvine, CA, 92868, USA
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41
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Song P, Hai Y, Wang X, Zhao L, Chen B, Cui P, Xie Q, Yu L, Li Y, Wu Z, Li H. Realgar transforming solution suppresses angiogenesis and tumor growth by inhibiting VEGF receptor 2 signaling in vein endothelial cells. Arch Pharm Res 2018. [PMID: 29542005 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-018-1014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Realgar (As4S4), as an arsenic sulfide mineral drug, has a good therapeutic reputation for anticancer in Traditional Chinese Medicine, and has recently been reported to inhibit angiogenesis in tumor growth. However, considering the poor solubility and low bioavailability of realgar, large dose of realgar and long period of treatment are necessary for achieving the effective blood medicine concentration. In present study, we resolved the crucial problem of poor solubility of realgar by using intrinsic biotransformation in microorganism, and investigated underlying mechanisms of realgar transforming solution (RTS) for antiangiogenesis. Our results demonstrated that RTS had a strong activity to inhibit HUVECs proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation. Moreover, RTS inhibited VEGF/bFGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and the downstream protein kinases including ERK, FAK, and Src. In vivo zebrafish and chicken chorioallantoic membrane model experiments showed that RTS remarkably blocked angiogenesis. Finally, compared with the control, administration of 2.50 mg/kg RTS reached more than 50% inhibition against H22 tumor allografts in KM mice, but caused few toxic effects in the host. The antiangiogenic effect was indicated by CD31 immunohistochemical staining and alginate-encapsulated tumor cell assay. In summary, our findings suggest that RTS inhibits angiogenesis and may be a potential drug candidate in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Song
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road No. 222, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Chronic Disease by Traditional Chinese Medicine of Gansu Province, Jiayuguan West Road No. 732, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yang Hai
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Longhe Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Baoqiang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Peng Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qinjian Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road No. 222, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhengrong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Lanzhou University, Tianshui Road No. 222, Lanzhou, 730000, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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42
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Gaustad JV, Simonsen TG, Andersen LMK, Rofstad EK. Properdistatin inhibits angiogenesis and improves vascular function in human melanoma xenografts with low thrombospondin-1 expression. Oncotarget 2018; 7:76806-76815. [PMID: 27756886 PMCID: PMC5363551 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effect of properdistatin, a novel peptide derived from the thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) domain of properdin, was investigated in three melanoma xenograft models with different TSP-1 expression. The tumors were grown in dorsal window chambers and were treated with 80 mg/kg/day properdistatin or vehicle. Morphological parameters of the tumor vasculature were assessed from high resolution transillumination images. Blood supply time (i.e., the time required for arterial blood to flow from a supplying artery to downstream microvessels) and plasma velocities were assessed from first-pass imaging movies recorded after a bolus of fluorescence-labeled dextran had been administered intravenously. Gene and protein expression of TSP-1 were assessed with quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Properdistatin treatment inhibited angiogenesis in low TSP-1 expressing tumors but did not alter the vasculature in high TSP-1 expressing tumors. In low TSP-1 expressing tumors, properdistatin selectively removed small-diameter capillaries, but did not change the morphology of tumor arterioles or tumor venules. Properdistatin also reduced blood supply times and increased plasma velocities, implying that the treatment reduced the geometric resistance to blood flow and improved vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon-Vidar Gaustad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trude G Simonsen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Mari K Andersen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar K Rofstad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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43
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Gaustad JV, Simonsen TG, Andersen LMK, Rofstad EK. Vascular abnormalities and development of hypoxia in microscopic melanoma xenografts. J Transl Med 2017; 15:241. [PMID: 29183378 PMCID: PMC5706333 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1347-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies investigating the oxygenation status and the development of hypoxia in microscopic tumors are sparse. The purpose of this study was to measure the extent of hypoxia in microscopic melanoma xenografts and to search for possible mechanisms leading to the development of hypoxia in these tumors. Methods A-07, D-12, R-18, and U-25 human melanoma xenografts grown in dorsal window chambers or as flank tumors were used as preclinical tumor models. Morphologic and functional parameters of vascular networks were assessed with intravital microscopy, and the expression of angiogenesis-related genes was assessed with quantitative PCR. Microvessels, pericytes, and the extent of hypoxia were assessed by immunohistochemistry in microscopic tumors by using CD31, αSMA, and pimonidazole as markers, and the extent of radiobiological hypoxia was assessed in macroscopic flank tumors. Results Macroscopic R-18 and U-25 tumors showed extensive hypoxia, whereas macroscopic A-07 and D-12 tumors were less hypoxic. R-18 and U-25 tumors developed hypoxic regions before they reached a size of 2–3 mm in diameter, whereas A-07 and D-12 tumors of similar size did not show hypoxic regions. The development of hypoxic regions was not caused by low vessel density, but was rather a result of inadequate vascular function. Inadequate vascular function was not caused by low vessel diameters or long vessel segments, but was associated with poor vascular pericyte coverage. Poor pericyte coverage was associated with the expression of eight angiogenesis-related genes. Conclusions Two of the four investigated melanoma models developed hypoxic regions in microscopic tumors, and the development of hypoxia was associated with poor vascular pericyte coverage and inadequate vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon-Vidar Gaustad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0310, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Trude G Simonsen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0310, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Mari K Andersen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0310, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar K Rofstad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0310, Oslo, Norway
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44
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Westphal D, Glitza Oliva IC, Niessner H. Molecular insights into melanoma brain metastases. Cancer 2017; 123:2163-2175. [PMID: 28543697 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Substantial proportions of patients with metastatic melanoma develop brain metastases during the course of their disease, often resulting in significant morbidity and death. Despite recent advances with BRAF/MEK and immune-checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of patients who have melanoma with extracerebral metastases, patients who have melanoma brain metastases still have poor overall survival, highlighting the need for further therapy options. A deeper understanding of the molecular pathways involved in the development of melanoma brain metastases is required to develop more brain-specific therapies. Here, the authors summarize the currently known preclinical data and describe steps involved in the development of melanoma brain metastases. Only by knowing the molecular background is it possible to design new therapeutic agents that can be used to improve the outcome of patients with melanoma brain metastases. Cancer 2017;123:2163-75. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Westphal
- Department of Dermatology, Carl Gustav Carus Medical Center, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Isabella C Glitza Oliva
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Heike Niessner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
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45
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Gaustad JV, Simonsen TG, Andersen LMK, Rofstad EK. Antiangiogenic agents targeting different angiogenic pathways have opposite effects on tumor hypoxia in R-18 human melanoma xenografts. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:411. [PMID: 28606060 PMCID: PMC5469039 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3404-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies comparing the effect of antiangiogenic agents targeting different angiogenic pathways are sparse. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of properdistatin and sunitinib treatment in a preclinical model of malignant melanoma. Properdistatin is a small peptide derived from the thrombospondin-1 domain of the plasma protein properdin, and sunitinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting several receptors including the vascular endothelial growth factor receptors. Methods R-18 human melanoma xenografts growing in dorsal window chambers were treated with properdistatin, sunitinib, or vehicle. Parameters describing the morphology of tumor vasculature were assessed from high-resolution transillumination images, and BST (blood supply time; the time needed for arterial blood to flow from the main supplying artery to downstream microvessels) was assessed from first-pass imaging movies recorded after a bolus of fluorescence-labeled dextran had been administered intravenously. Tumor hypoxia was assessed from immunohistochemical preparations of the imaged tissue by using pimonidazole as a hypoxia marker. Results Properdistatin treatment selectively removed small-diameter vessels and reduced BST, whereas sunitinib treatment reduced the density of small- and large-diameter vessel similarly and did not change BST. These observations imply that properdistatin treatment reduced geometric resistance to blood flow and improved vascular function, whereas sunitinib treatment did not affect vascular function. Accordingly, sunitinib-treated tumors showed higher hypoxic fractions than properdistatin-treated tumors. Conclusions Properdistatin and sunitinib both inhibited angiogenesis, but had distinctly different effects on vascular morphology, vascular function, and extent of hypoxia in R-18 human melanoma xenografts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3404-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon-Vidar Gaustad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Trude G Simonsen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Mari K Andersen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar K Rofstad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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46
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Fenton SE, Sosman JA, Chandra S. Emerging growth factor receptor antagonists for the treatment of advanced melanoma. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2017; 22:165-174. [PMID: 28562096 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2017.1336537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Therapy for metastatic melanoma has undergone a rapid transformation over the past 5-10 years. Advances in immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors, including both anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1, have led to durable responses in up to 50% of patients. As our understanding of the processes driving the transformation of melanocytes has improved, progress in targeted therapies has also continued. Areas covered: Angiogenesis and the tumor's dependence on an expanded vascular supply has been a target for novel therapies since the 1970's, as this tissue is derived from endothelial cells that are genetically stable in adults. A phase II trial studying combined therapy with bevacizumab (an inhibitor of angiogenesis) and ipilimumab found promising results. Other agents such as sorafenib have not been as successful, failing to extend progression free or overall survival in clinical trials. In this paper other targeted growth factor inhibitors will also be discussed. Expert opinion: Ultimately, melanoma may not be vulnerable solely to chemotherapy or targeted therapy, but may be efficaciously treated with immunotherapy due to its high mutational rate resulting in the expression of numerous neo-antigens. Therapies with combinations of agents including growth factor receptor and either other targeted therapies or immunotherapy may be a promising complimentary approach.
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Diet phytochemicals and cutaneous carcinoma chemoprevention: A review. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:327-346. [PMID: 28242334 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous carcinoma, which has occupied a peculiar place among worldwide populations, is commonly responsible for the considerably increasing morbidity and mortality rates. Currently available medical procedures fail to completely avoid cutaneous carcinoma development or to prevent mortality. Cancer chemoprevention, as an alternative strategy, is being considered to reduce the incidence and burden of cancers through chemical agents. Derived from dietary foods, phytochemicals have become safe and reliable compounds for the chemoprevention of cutaneous carcinoma by relieving multiple pathological processes, including oxidative damage, epigenetic alteration, chronic inflammation, angiogenesis, etc. In this review, we presented comprehensive knowledges, main molecular mechanisms for the initiation and development of cutaneous carcinoma as well as effects of various diet phytochemicals on chemoprevention.
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Gaustad JV, Simonsen TG, Andersen LMK, Rofstad EK. The Effect of Sunitinib Treatment in Human Melanoma Xenografts: Associations with Angiogenic Profiles. Transl Oncol 2017; 10:158-167. [PMID: 28167241 PMCID: PMC5293738 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of antiangiogenic agents targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) pathway has been reported to vary substantially in preclinical studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sunitinib treatment on tumor vasculature and oxygenation in melanoma xenografts with different angiogenic profiles. A-07, U-25, D-12, or R-18 melanoma xenografts were grown in dorsal window chambers and given daily treatments of sunitinib (40 mg/kg) or vehicle. Morphologic parameters of tumor vascular networks were assessed from high-resolution transillumination images, and tumor blood supply times (BSTs) were assessed from first-pass imaging movies. Tumor hypoxia was assessed with immunohistochemistry by using pimonidazole as hypoxia marker, and the gene expression and the protein secretion rate of angiogenic factors were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The melanoma lines differed substantially in the expression of VEGF-A, VEGF-C, and platelet-derived growth factor A. Sunitinib treatment reduced vessel densities and induced hypoxia in all melanoma lines, and the magnitude of the effect was associated with the gene expression and protein secretion rate of VEGF-A. Sunitinib treatment also increased vessel segment lengths, reduced the number of small-diameter vessels, and inhibited growth-induced increases in the diameter of surviving vessels but did not change BST. In conclusion, sunitinib treatment did not improve vascular function but reduced vessel density and induced hypoxia in human melanoma xenografts. The magnitude of the treatment-induced effect was associated with the VEGF-A expression of the melanoma lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon-Vidar Gaustad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Trude G Simonsen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lise Mari K Andersen
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar K Rofstad
- Group of Radiation Biology and Tumor Physiology, Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Rizzi M, Tonello S, Estevão BM, Gianotti E, Marchese L, Renò F. Verteporfin based silica nanoparticle for in vitro selective inhibition of human highly invasive melanoma cell proliferation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 167:1-6. [PMID: 28039784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Photodinamic therapy (PDT) has gained an increasing interest as a new tool to treat skin cancers such as melanoma. This clinical approach take advantage from the combination of a photosensitizer and a specific light wavelength able to induce singlet oxygen production. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been widely investigated as drug nanocarriers as their structure and morphology could be customized to produce suitable nanoplatforms enabling high cargo capacity. In the present study MSNs were successfully conjugated with the second generation photosensitizer verteporfin and the resulting nanoplatform (Ver-MSNs) was tested in an in vitro PDT model as a potential tool for melanoma treatment. Ver-MSNs based PDT did not affect cell proliferation of neither a normal human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) or a low mestastatic melanoma cell line (A375P). On the other hand Ver-MSNs based PDT deeply affect the highly invasive SK-MEL-28 melanoma cell line behavior, as testified by the strong reduction in cell proliferation along with the dramatic change in cellular morphology, through a nanoparticle internalization dependent mechanism. In fact, experiments performed in the presence of endocytosis inhibitors (chlorpromazine and amiloride) resulted in an attenuation of Ver-MSNs based PDT induced cell death, along with a recover in cellular morphology. MSN doped with verteporfin could thus represent a promising and useful tool for PDT treatment of highly invasive melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Rizzi
- Innovative Research Laboratory for Wound Healing, Health Sciences Department, Università del Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli, 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Stelvio Tonello
- Innovative Research Laboratory for Wound Healing, Health Sciences Department, Università del Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli, 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Bianca Martins Estevão
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica e Centro Nano-SiSTeMI, Università del Piemonte Orientale, V. Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; Nucleos Research of Photodynamic Therapy, Chemistry Department, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo 5.790, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Enrica Gianotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica e Centro Nano-SiSTeMI, Università del Piemonte Orientale, V. Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Leonardo Marchese
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica e Centro Nano-SiSTeMI, Università del Piemonte Orientale, V. Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Filippo Renò
- Innovative Research Laboratory for Wound Healing, Health Sciences Department, Università del Piemonte Orientale, via Solaroli, 17, 28100 Novara, Italy.
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Catalani E, Proietti Serafini F, Zecchini S, Picchietti S, Fausto AM, Marcantoni E, Buonanno F, Ortenzi C, Perrotta C, Cervia D. Natural products from aquatic eukaryotic microorganisms for cancer therapy: Perspectives on anti-tumour properties of ciliate bioactive molecules. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:409-420. [PMID: 27650755 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Several modern drugs, including those for cancer therapy, have been isolated from natural sources, are based on natural products and its derivatives, or mime natural products. Some of them are in clinical use, others in clinical trials. The success of natural products in drug discovery is related to their biochemical characteristics and to the technologic methods used to study their feature. Natural compounds may acts as chemo-preventive agents and as factors that increase therapeutic efficacy of existing drugs, thus overcoming cancer cell drug resistance that is the main factor determining the failure in conventional chemotherapy. Water environment, because of its physical and chemical conditions, shows an extraordinary collection of natural biological substances with an extensive structural and functional diversity. The isolation of bioactive molecules has been reported from a great variety of aquatic organisms; however, the therapeutic application of molecules from eukaryotic microorganisms remains inadequately investigated and underexploited on a systematic basis. Herein we describe the biological activities in mammalian cells of selected substances isolated from ciliates, free-living protozoa common almost everywhere there is water, focusing on their anti-tumour actions and their possible therapeutic activity. In particular, we unveil the cellular and molecular machine mediating the effects of cell type-specific signalling protein pheromone Er-1 and secondary metabolites, i.e. euplotin C and climacostol, in cancer cells. To support the feasibility of climacostol-based approaches, we also present novel findings and report additional mechanisms of action using both in vitro and in vivo models of mouse melanomas, with the scope of highlighting new frontiers that can be explored also in a therapeutic perspective. The high skeletal chemical difference of ciliate compounds, their sustainability and availability, also through the use of new organic synthesis/modifications processes, and the results obtained so far in biological studies provide a rationale to consider some of them a potential resource for the design of new anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Catalani
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Francesca Proietti Serafini
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Silvia Zecchini
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital "Luigi Sacco"-ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Picchietti
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Fausto
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Enrico Marcantoni
- School of Sciences and Technologies, Section of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Italy
| | - Federico Buonanno
- Laboratory of Protistology and Biology Education, Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, Università degli Studi di Macerata, Italy
| | - Claudio Ortenzi
- Laboratory of Protistology and Biology Education, Department of Education, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, Università degli Studi di Macerata, Italy
| | - Cristiana Perrotta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
| | - Davide Cervia
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
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