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Riobello C, Sánchez-Fernández P, Córdoba MCC, González-Gutiérrez M, Vivanco B, Cabal VN, Fernández LS, García-Marín R, Codina-Martínez H, Lorenzo-Guerra SL, López F, Hermsen MA, Llorente JL. Next-generation sequencing reveals remarkable genetic stability in primary and corresponding recurrent intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma. Head Neck 2024; 46:2010-2019. [PMID: 38362701 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrent intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma (ITAC) can occur several years after primary treatment and with different histology. We aimed to clarify if such recurrences could be second primary tumors and to identify actionable mutations as targets for personalized treatment of recurrent ITAC. METHODS Twelve pairs of primary and recurrent ITAC were histologically examined and analyzed by next-generation sequencing. RESULTS Histological differences between primary and recurrent tumor pairs were observed in five cases. Frequent mutations included TP53, APC, TSC2, ATM, EPHA2, BRCA2, LRP1B, KRAS, and KMT2B. There was 86% concordance of somatic mutations between the tumor pairs, while four cases carried additional mutations in the recurrence. CONCLUSIONS We found all cases to be clonal recurrences and not second primary tumors. Moreover, tumor pairs showed a remarkable genomic stability, suggesting that personalized treatment of a recurrence may be based on actionable molecular genetic targets observed in the primary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Riobello
- Department of Head and Neck Cancer, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Blanca Vivanco
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Virginia N Cabal
- Department of Head and Neck Cancer, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Suárez Fernández
- Department of Head and Neck Cancer, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Marín
- Department of Head and Neck Cancer, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Helena Codina-Martínez
- Department of Head and Neck Cancer, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sara Lucila Lorenzo-Guerra
- Department of Head and Neck Cancer, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Fernando López
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mario A Hermsen
- Department of Head and Neck Cancer, Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - José Luis Llorente
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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2
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Lehtinen N, Suhonen J, Rice K, Välimäki E, Toriseva M, Routila J, Halme P, Rahi M, Irjala H, Leivo I, Kallajoki M, Nees M, Kuopio T, Ventelä S, Rantala JK. Assessment of targeted therapy opportunities in sinonasal cancers using patient-derived functional tumor models. Transl Oncol 2024; 44:101935. [PMID: 38522153 PMCID: PMC10973676 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors derived from the epithelium lining the nasal cavity region are termed sinonasal cancers, a highly heterogeneous group of rare tumors accounting for 3 - 5 % of all head and neck cancers. Progress with next-generation molecular profiling has improved our understanding of the complexity of sinonasal cancers and resulted in the identification of an increasing number of distinct tumor entities. Despite these significant developments, the treatment of sinonasal cancers has hardly evolved since the 1980s, and an advanced sinonasal cancer presents a poor prognosis as targeted therapies are usually not available. To gain insights into potential targeted therapeutic opportunities, we performed a multiomics profiling of patient-derived functional tumor models to identify molecular characteristics associated with pharmacological responses in the different subtypes of sinonasal cancer. METHODS Patient-derived ex vivo tumor models representing four distinct sinonasal cancer subtypes: sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinoma, sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma, sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma and SMARCB1 deficient sinonasal carcinoma were included in the analyses. Results of functional drug screens of 160 anti-cancer therapies were integrated with gene panel sequencing and histological analyses of the tumor tissues and the ex vivo cell cultures to establish associations between drug sensitivity and molecular characteristics including driver mutations. RESULTS The different sinonasal cancer subtypes display considerable differential drug sensitivity. Underlying the drug sensitivity profiles, each subtype was associated with unique molecular features. The therapeutic vulnerabilities correlating with specific genomic background were extended and validated with in silico analyses of cancer cell lines representing different human cancers and with reported case studies of sinonasal cancers treated with targeted therapies. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate the importance of understanding the differential biology and the molecular features associated with the different subtypes of sinonasal cancers. Patient-derived ex vivo tumor models can be a powerful tool for investigating these rare cancers and prioritizing targeted therapeutic strategies for future clinical development and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mervi Toriseva
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; FICAN West Cancer Centre, Turku, Finland
| | - Johannes Routila
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Department for Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Perttu Halme
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Department for Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Melissa Rahi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Heikki Irjala
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Department for Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilmo Leivo
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markku Kallajoki
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Matthias Nees
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; FICAN West Cancer Centre, Turku, Finland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Teijo Kuopio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland; Wellbeing Services County of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sami Ventelä
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; FICAN West Cancer Centre, Turku, Finland; Department for Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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3
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Puccio S, Azzarello G, Maffeis V, Laurino L, Mairani E, Conte F, Tessari N, Cazzador D, Zanoletti E, Politi D, Emanuelli E, Spinato G, Ausoni S. Tumor Budding, p53, and DNA Mismatch Repair Markers in Sinonasal Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinoma: A Retrospective Study Supports the Adverse Prognostic Impact of Tumor Budding. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1895. [PMID: 38791973 PMCID: PMC11120584 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (ITAC) is a very rare, closely occupational-related tumor with strong histological similarities to colorectal cancer (CRC). In the latter, tumor budding (TB) is widely recognized as a negative prognostic parameter. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic role of TB in ITAC and to correlate it with other established or emerging biomarkers of the disease, such as p53 and deficient DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system status/microsatellite instability (MSI). We retrospectively analyzed 32 consecutive specimens of patients with ITAC diagnosis treated in two institutions in Northern Italy. We reviewed surgical specimens for TB evaluation (low-intermediate/high); p53 expression and MMR proteins were evaluated via immunohistochemistry. Results were retrospectively stratified using clinical data and patients' outcomes. According to bud counts, patients were stratified into two groups: intermediate/high budding (>4 TB) and low budding (≤4 TB). Patients with high TB (>4) have an increased risk of recurrence and death compared to those with low TB, with a median survival of 13 and 54 months, respectively. On multivariate analysis, considering TB, therapy, and stage as covariates, TB emerged as an independent prognostic factor net of the stage of disease or type of therapy received. No impact of p53 status as a biomarker of prognosis was observed and no alterations regarding MMR proteins were identified. The results of the present work provide further significant evidence on the prognostic role of TB in ITAC and underline the need for larger multicenter studies to implement the use of TB in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Puccio
- Section of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neuroscience, “Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova” University of Padova, via Giustiniani, 2, 35122 Padova, Italy; (S.P.); (E.M.); (N.T.); (D.C.); (E.Z.)
| | - Giuseppe Azzarello
- Department of Oncology, Local Health Unit 3 Serenissima, Via don Giacobbe Sartor 4, 30035 Venice, Italy;
| | - Valeria Maffeis
- Anatomia Patologica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona (AOVR), Ospedale Borgo Trento, Piazzale Aristide Stefani, 1, 37126 Verona, Italy;
- Department of Pathology, Local Health Unit 2 Marca Trevigiana, Piazzale dell’Ospedale 1, 31100 Treviso, Italy;
| | - Licia Laurino
- Department of Pathology, Local Health Unit 3 Serenissima, Via Paccagnella 11, 30174 Venice, Italy;
| | - Edoardo Mairani
- Section of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neuroscience, “Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova” University of Padova, via Giustiniani, 2, 35122 Padova, Italy; (S.P.); (E.M.); (N.T.); (D.C.); (E.Z.)
| | - Federica Conte
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | - Nicola Tessari
- Section of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neuroscience, “Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova” University of Padova, via Giustiniani, 2, 35122 Padova, Italy; (S.P.); (E.M.); (N.T.); (D.C.); (E.Z.)
| | - Diego Cazzador
- Section of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neuroscience, “Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova” University of Padova, via Giustiniani, 2, 35122 Padova, Italy; (S.P.); (E.M.); (N.T.); (D.C.); (E.Z.)
| | - Elisabetta Zanoletti
- Section of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neuroscience, “Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova” University of Padova, via Giustiniani, 2, 35122 Padova, Italy; (S.P.); (E.M.); (N.T.); (D.C.); (E.Z.)
| | - Doriano Politi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Local Health Unit 3 Serenissima, Via Paccagnella, 11, 30174 Venice, Italy;
| | - Enzo Emanuelli
- Department of Pathology, Local Health Unit 2 Marca Trevigiana, Piazzale dell’Ospedale 1, 31100 Treviso, Italy;
| | - Giacomo Spinato
- Section of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neuroscience, “Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova” University of Padova, via Giustiniani, 2, 35122 Padova, Italy; (S.P.); (E.M.); (N.T.); (D.C.); (E.Z.)
| | - Simonetta Ausoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35121 Padova, Italy
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Sipilä LJ, Katainen R, Aavikko M, Ravantti J, Donner I, Lehtonen R, Leivo I, Wolff H, Holmila R, Husgafvel-Pursiainen K, Aaltonen LA. Genome-wide somatic mutation analysis of sinonasal adenocarcinoma with and without wood dust exposure. Genes Environ 2024; 46:12. [PMID: 38711096 PMCID: PMC11071320 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-024-00306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sinonasal adenocarcinoma is a rare cancer, encompassing two different entities, the intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma (ITAC) and the non-intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma (non-ITAC). Occurrence of ITAC is strongly associated with exposure to hardwood dusts. In countries with predominant exposure to softwood dust the occurrence of sinonasal adenocarcinomas is lower and the relative amount of non-ITACs to ITACs is higher. The molecular mechanisms behind the tumorigenic effects of wood dust remain largely unknown. METHODS We carried out whole-genome sequencing of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples of sinonasal adenocarcinomas from ten wood dust-exposed and six non-exposed individuals, with partial tobacco exposure data. Sequences were analyzed for the presence of mutational signatures matching COSMIC database signatures. Driver mutations and CN variant regions were characterized. RESULTS Mutation burden was higher in samples of wood dust-exposed patients (p = 0.016). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage-related mutational signatures were almost exclusively identified in ITAC subtype samples (p = 0.00055). Tobacco smoke mutational signatures were observed in samples of patients with tobacco exposure or missing information, but not in samples from non-exposed patients. A tetraploidy copy number (CN) signature was enriched in ITAC subtype (p = 0.042). CN variation included recurrent gains in COSMIC Cancer Gene Census genes TERT, SDHA, RAC1, ETV1, PCM1, and MYC. Pathogenic variants were observed most frequently in TP53, NF1, CHD2, BRAF, APC, and LRP1B. Driver mutations and copy number gains did not segregate by subtype. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis identified distinct mutational characteristics in ITAC and non-ITAC. Mutational signature analysis may eventually become useful for documentation of occupation-related cancer, while the exact mechanisms behind wood dust-driven carcinogenesis remain elusive. The presence of homologous recombination deficiency signatures implies a novel opportunity for treatment, but further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauri J Sipilä
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8), PO Box 63, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8), PO Box 63, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Unioninkatu 22, Helsinki, 00130, Finland
| | - Riku Katainen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8), PO Box 63, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8), PO Box 63, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Aavikko
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8), PO Box 63, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8), PO Box 63, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Ravantti
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8), PO Box 63, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8), PO Box 63, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Iikki Donner
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 9, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Rainer Lehtonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8), PO Box 63, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8), PO Box 63, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Ilmo Leivo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Pathology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku, D 5035, 20520, Finland
- Turku University Central Hospital, Turku, 20521, Finland
| | - Henrik Wolff
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PB 40, Helsinki, 00251, Finland
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, PB 20, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Reetta Holmila
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PB 40, Helsinki, 00251, Finland
| | | | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8), PO Box 63, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
- Applied Tumor Genomics, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8), PO Box 63, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, 141 83, Sweden.
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland.
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Gioacchini FM, Di Stadio A, De Luca P, Camaioni A, Pace A, Iannella G, Rubini C, Santarelli M, Tomassetti M, Scarpa A, Olivieri F, Re M. A pilot study to evaluate the expression of microRNA‑let‑7a in patients with intestinal‑type sinonasal adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:69. [PMID: 38192674 PMCID: PMC10773186 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite its histological resemblance to colorectal adenocarcinoma, there is little information about the molecular events involved in the pathogenesis of intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma (ITAC). The present study investigated the possible role and clinical value of microRNA (miR)-let-7a, a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma-related miR, in a well-characterized and homogeneous cohort of patients with ethmoidal ITAC associated with occupational exposure, treated by primary surgery. miR-let-7a expression levels were analyzed in 23 pairs of ethmoidal ITAC and adjacent normal formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The expression was evaluated in tumor and healthy tissues according to: Tumor grade (G) of differentiation and extension, and pTNM stage, and presence/absence of recurrence. Comparisons within and between groups were performed using two-tailed Student's paired t-test and one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test. P<0.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference. miR-let-7a expression in ethmoidal ITAC tissues was significantly lower than that in adjacent normal tissues (P<0.05; mean expression level ± SD, 1.452707±1.4367189 vs. 4.094017±2.7465375). miR expression varied with pT stage. miR-let-7a was downregulated (P<0.05) in advanced stages (pT3-pT4) compared with earlier stages (pT1-pT2). Furthermore, downregulation of miR-let-7a in ITAC was associated with poorly-differentiated (G3) cancer (P<0.05). No other associations were observed between miR-let-7a expression and the other clinicopathological parameters, including disease-free survival. In conclusion, downregulation of miR-let-7a in ITAC was associated with advanced-stage (pT3 and pT4) and poorly-differentiated (G3) disease, suggesting that the mutation of this gene, combined with additional genetic events, could serve a role in ITAC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Maria Gioacchini
- Ear, Nose and Throat Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona Joint Hospitals, I-60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Arianna Di Stadio
- Gian Filippo Ingrassia Department, Otolaryngology Unit, University of Catania, I-95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Pietro De Luca
- Department of Otolaryngology, Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina-Gemelli Hospital, I-00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Camaioni
- Head and Neck Department, San Giovanni-Addolorata Hospital, I-00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pace
- Department of Sense Organs, University La Sapienza of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giannicola Iannella
- Department of Sense Organs, University La Sapienza of Rome, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Rubini
- Pathology and Histopathology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, I-60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Santarelli
- Pathology and Histopathology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, I-60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Tomassetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Section of Occupational Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, I-60020 Ancona, Italy
| | - Alfonso Scarpa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Fabiola Olivieri
- Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, IRCCS INRCA, I-60121 Ancona, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, I-60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Massimo Re
- Ear, Nose and Throat Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona Joint Hospitals, I-60020 Ancona, Italy
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Lucidi D, Cantaffa C, Miglio M, Spina F, Alicandri Ciufelli M, Marchioni A, Marchioni D. Tumors of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses: Promoting Factors and Molecular Mechanisms-A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032670. [PMID: 36768990 PMCID: PMC9916834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sinonasal neoplasms are uncommon diseases, characterized by heterogeneous biological behavior, which frequently results in challenges in differential diagnosis and treatment choice. The aim of this review was to examine the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of tumor initiation and growth, in order to better define diagnostic and therapeutic strategies as well as the prognostic impact of these rare neoplasms. A systematic review according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis criteria was conducted between September and November 2022. The authors considered the three main histological patterns of sinonasal tumors, namely Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinoma, and Olfactory Neuroblastoma. In total, 246 articles were eventually included in the analysis. The genetic and epigenetic changes underlying the oncogenic process were discussed, through a qualitative synthesis of the included studies. The identification of a comprehensive model of carcinogenesis for each sinonasal cancer subtype is needed, in order to pave the way toward tailored treatment approaches and improve survival for this rare and challenging group of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lucidi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Carla Cantaffa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3385313850; Fax: +39-0594222402
| | - Matteo Miglio
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Spina
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Matteo Alicandri Ciufelli
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marchioni
- Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Daniele Marchioni
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
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Towards a Molecular Classification of Sinonasal Carcinomas: Clinical Implications and Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061463. [PMID: 35326613 PMCID: PMC8946109 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In recent years, there have been several molecular and immunohistochemical additions to the pathologic diagnosis of sinonasal malignancies that could facilitate the identification of clinically relevant groups of sinonasal malignancies. Molecular profiling is progressively integrated in the histopathologic classification of sinonasal carcinomas, and it is likely to influence the management of these tumors in the near future. In this article we review the recent literature on molecular analysis and/or subtyping of sinonasal carcinomas and we discuss the possible clinical implications of a classification of sinonasal tumors based on their molecular features. Abstract Sinonasal carcinomas are a heterogeneous group of rare tumors, often with high-grade and/or undifferentiated morphology and aggressive clinical course. In recent years, with increasing molecular testing, unique sinonasal tumor subsets have been identified based on specific genetic alterations, including protein expression, chromosomal translocations, specific gene mutations, or infection by oncogenic viruses. These include, among others, the identification of a subset of sinonasal carcinomas associated with HPV infection, the identification of a subset of squamous cell carcinomas with EGFR alterations, and of rare variants with chromosomal translocations (DEK::AFF2, ETV6::NTRK and others). The group of sinonasal adenocarcinomas remains very heterogeneous at the molecular level, but some recurrent and potentially targetable genetic alterations have been identified. Finally, poorly differentiated and undifferentiated sinonasal carcinomas have undergone a significant refinement of their subtyping, with the identification of several new novel molecular subgroups, such as NUT carcinoma, IDH mutated sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma and SWI/SNF deficient sinonasal malignancies. Thus, molecular profiling is progressively integrated in the histopathologic classification of sinonasal carcinomas, and it is likely to influence the management of these tumors in the near future. In this review, we summarize the recent developments in the molecular characterization of sinonasal carcinomas and we discuss how these findings are likely to contribute to the classification of this group of rare tumors, with a focus on the potential new opportunities for treatment.
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Meerwein CM, Brada MD, Soyka MB, Holzmann D, Rupp NJ. Reappraisal of Grading in Intestinal-Type Sinonasal Adenocarcinoma: Tumor Budding as an Independent Prognostic Parameter. Head Neck Pathol 2022; 16:670-678. [PMID: 35015192 PMCID: PMC9424375 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01410-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Since sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinomas (ITAC) show resemblance to colorectal adenocarcinomas, we aimed to investigate novel prognostic factors of outcome, with particular focus on the role of tumor budding (TB). Retrospective clinico-pathological single-institution study on consecutive ITAC patients between 1996 and 2020. Histopathological parameters including conventional subtypes and TB features (low, intermediate, high) were evaluated with the aid of pancytokeratin (AE1/AE3) immunohistochemical staining. Parameters were correlated to clinical data and outcome. A total of 31 ITAC patients were included. Overall, 19/31 patients (61.3%) presented with stage III/IV disease. Presence of lymph node or distant metastases was rare (1/31 patient, 3.2%). Treatment protocols consisted of tumor resection in 30/31 patients (96.8%) and primary radiochemotherapy in 1/31 patient (3.2%). Adjuvant radiation therapy was conducted in 20/30 surgically treated patients (66.7%). The 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) was 83.9% and 78.3% and the 3- and 5-years disease-specific survival (DSS) 83.7% % and 78.5%, respectively. The presence of intermediate/high TB (defined as ≥ 5 buds) was associated with both, worse DSS (log rank p = 0.03) and OS (log rank p = 0.006). No patient with low TB revealed progressive disease or died of the disease. No association between TB and tumor stage or conventional tumor subtype was found. Tumor budding seems to be an independent prognostic factor of worse outcome in ITAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M. Meerwein
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich and University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Muriel D. Brada
- Department of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael B. Soyka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich and University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Holzmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich and University of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 24, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Niels J. Rupp
- Department of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Riobello C, Sánchez-Fernández P, Cabal VN, García-Marín R, Suárez-Fernández L, Vivanco B, Blanco-Lorenzo V, Álvarez Marcos C, López F, Llorente JL, Hermsen MA. Aberrant Signaling Pathways in Sinonasal Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13195022. [PMID: 34638506 PMCID: PMC8507674 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13195022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (ITAC) is strongly related to occupational exposure to wood and leather dust, however, little is known on the genetic alterations involved in tumor development and progression. The aim of this study was to identify tumorigenic signaling pathways affected by gene mutations and their relation to clinical features. We applied whole exome sequencing of 120 cancer-related genes in 50 ITACs and analyzed the signaling activity of four specific pathways frequently affected by mutations. Genes involved in DNA damage response showed somatic mutations in 30% of cases, including four tumors that also harbored germline mutations. Genes in Wnt, MAPK and PI3K pathways harbored mutations in 20%, 20% and 24% of cases, respectively. Mutations and copy number gains in receptor tyrosine kinases possibly affecting MAPK and PI3K pathways occurred in 44% of cases. Expression of key pathway proteins showed no correlation to mutations in these pathways, except for nuclear β-catenin and APC/CTNNB1 mutation. No specific gene mutation, mutated pathway, nor pathway activity level showed correlation to clinical data or survival. In addition, a similar mutational profile was observed among histological subtypes. The wide spectrum of gene mutations suggests that ITAC is a genetically heterogeneous without specific characterizing gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Riobello
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (C.R.); (V.N.C.); (R.G.-M.); (L.S.-F.)
| | - Paula Sánchez-Fernández
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (P.S.-F.); (C.Á.M.); (F.L.); (J.L.L.)
| | - Virginia N. Cabal
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (C.R.); (V.N.C.); (R.G.-M.); (L.S.-F.)
| | - Rocío García-Marín
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (C.R.); (V.N.C.); (R.G.-M.); (L.S.-F.)
| | - Laura Suárez-Fernández
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (C.R.); (V.N.C.); (R.G.-M.); (L.S.-F.)
| | - Blanca Vivanco
- Department Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.V.); (V.B.-L.)
| | - Verónica Blanco-Lorenzo
- Department Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.V.); (V.B.-L.)
| | - César Álvarez Marcos
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (P.S.-F.); (C.Á.M.); (F.L.); (J.L.L.)
| | - Fernando López
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (P.S.-F.); (C.Á.M.); (F.L.); (J.L.L.)
| | - José Luis Llorente
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (P.S.-F.); (C.Á.M.); (F.L.); (J.L.L.)
| | - Mario A. Hermsen
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (C.R.); (V.N.C.); (R.G.-M.); (L.S.-F.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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Gallet P, Oussalah A, Pouget C, Dittmar G, Chery C, Gauchotte G, Jankowski R, Gueant JL, Houlgatte R. Integrative genomics analysis of nasal intestinal-type adenocarcinomas demonstrates the major role of CACNA1C and paves the way for a simple diagnostic tool in male woodworkers. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:179. [PMID: 34563241 PMCID: PMC8467244 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01122-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nasal intestinal-type adenocarcinomas (ITAC) are strongly related to chronic wood dust exposure: The intestinal phenotype relies on CDX2 overexpression but underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Our objectives were to investigate transcriptomic and methylation differences between healthy non-exposed and tumor olfactory cleft mucosae and to compare transcriptomic profiles between non-exposed, wood dust-exposed and ITAC mucosa cells.
Methods We conducted a prospective monocentric study (NCT0281823) including 16 woodworkers with ITAC, 16 healthy exposed woodworkers and 13 healthy, non-exposed, controls. We compared tumor samples with healthy non-exposed samples, both in transcriptome and in methylome analyses. We also investigated wood dust-induced transcriptome modifications of exposed (without tumor) male woodworkers’ samples and of contralateral sides of woodworkers with tumors. We conducted in parallel transcriptome and methylome analysis, and then, the transcriptome analysis was focused on the genes highlighted in methylome analysis. We replicated our results on dataset GSE17433. Results Several clusters of genes enabled the distinction between healthy and ITAC samples. Transcriptomic and IHC analysis confirmed a constant overexpression of CDX2 in ITAC samples, without any specific DNA methylation profile regarding the CDX2 locus. ITAC woodworkers also exhibited a specific transcriptomic profile in their contralateral (non-tumor) olfactory cleft, different from that of other exposed woodworkers, suggesting that they had a different exposure or a different susceptibility. Two top-loci (CACNA1C/CACNA1C-AS1 and SLC26A10) were identified with a hemimethylated profile, but only CACNA1C appeared to be overexpressed both in transcriptomic analysis and in immunohistochemistry. Conclusions Several clusters of genes enable the distinction between healthy mucosa and ITAC samples even in contralateral nasal fossa thus paving the way for a simple diagnostic tool for ITAC in male woodworkers. CACNA1C might be considered as a master gene of ITAC and should be further investigated. Trial registration: NIH ClinicalTrials, NCT0281823, registered May 23d 2016, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/NCT0281823. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-021-01122-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Gallet
- INSERM U1256, NGERE-Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France. .,ENT Department, CHRU NANCY, 54511, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Abderrahim Oussalah
- INSERM U1256, NGERE-Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Celso Pouget
- Pathology Department, CHRU NANCY, 54511, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Proteome and Genome Research Unit, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Celine Chery
- INSERM U1256, NGERE-Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Guillaume Gauchotte
- INSERM U1256, NGERE-Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Roger Jankowski
- ENT Department, CHRU NANCY, 54511, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jean Louis Gueant
- INSERM U1256, NGERE-Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Rémi Houlgatte
- INSERM U1256, NGERE-Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure, Faculty of Medicine of Nancy, University of Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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11
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Malignant Sinonasal Tumors: Update on Histological and Clinical Management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:2420-2438. [PMID: 34287240 PMCID: PMC8293118 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28040222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tumors of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (TuNSs) are rare and heterogeneous malignancies, presenting different histological features and clinical behavior. We reviewed the literature about etiology, biology, and clinical features of TuNSs to define pathologic features and possible treatment strategies. From a diagnostic point of view, it is mandatory to have high expertise and perform an immunohistochemical assessment to distinguish between different histotypes. Due to the extreme rarity of these neoplasms, there are no standard and evidence-based therapeutic strategies, lacking prospective and large clinical trials. In fact, most studies are retrospective analyses. Surgery represents the mainstay of treatment of TuNSs for small and localized tumors allowing complete tumor removal. Locally advanced lesions require more demolitive surgery that should be always followed by adjuvant radio- or chemo-radiotherapy. Recurrent/metastatic disease requires palliative chemo- and/or radiotherapy. Many studies emphasize the role of specific genes mutations in the development of TuNSs like mutations in the exons 4-9 of the TP53 gene, in the exon 9 of the PIK3CA gene and in the promoter of the TERT gene. In the near future, this genetic assessment will have new therapeutic implications. Future improvements in the understanding of the etiology, biology, and clinical features of TuNSs are warranted to improve their management.
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12
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Sánchez-Fernández P, Riobello C, Costales M, Vivanco B, Cabal VN, García-Marín R, Suárez-Fernández L, López F, Cabanillas R, Hermsen MA, Llorente JL. Next-generation sequencing for identification of actionable gene mutations in intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2247. [PMID: 33500480 PMCID: PMC7838394 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma (ITAC) is a rare tumor carrying poor prognosis and needing new treatment options. The aim of this study was to identify actionable gene mutations that can guide new personalized target-specific therapies in ITAC patients. A series of 48 tumor and 27 corresponding germline DNA samples were analyzed by next generation sequencing using a panel of 120 genes. In total, 223 sequence variants were found in 70 genes. Matched tumor/germline comparison in 27 cases revealed that 57% were in fact germline variants. In 20 of these 27 cases, 58 somatic variants in 33 different genes were identified, the most frequent being PIK3CA (5 cases), APC and ATM (4 cases), and KRAS, NF1, LRP1B and BRCA1 (3 cases). Many of the somatic gene variants affected PI3K, MAPK/ERK, WNT and DNA repair signaling pathways, although not in a mutually exclusive manner. None of the alterations were related to histological ITAC subtype, tumor stage or survival. Our data showed that thorough interpretation of somatic mutations requires sequencing analysis of the corresponding germline DNA. Potentially actionable somatic mutations were found in 20 of 27 cases, 8 of which being biomarkers of FDA-approved targeted therapies. Our data implicate new possibilities for personalized treatment of ITAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Sánchez-Fernández
- grid.411052.30000 0001 2176 9028Department Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina Riobello
- grid.10863.3c0000 0001 2164 6351Department Head and Neck Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER-ONC), Edf. FINBA, N-1 F49, C/ Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Costales
- grid.411052.30000 0001 2176 9028Department Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Blanca Vivanco
- grid.411052.30000 0001 2176 9028Department Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Virginia N. Cabal
- grid.10863.3c0000 0001 2164 6351Department Head and Neck Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER-ONC), Edf. FINBA, N-1 F49, C/ Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Marín
- grid.10863.3c0000 0001 2164 6351Department Head and Neck Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER-ONC), Edf. FINBA, N-1 F49, C/ Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Suárez-Fernández
- grid.10863.3c0000 0001 2164 6351Department Head and Neck Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER-ONC), Edf. FINBA, N-1 F49, C/ Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Fernando López
- grid.411052.30000 0001 2176 9028Department Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - Mario A. Hermsen
- grid.10863.3c0000 0001 2164 6351Department Head and Neck Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER-ONC), Edf. FINBA, N-1 F49, C/ Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - José Luis Llorente
- grid.411052.30000 0001 2176 9028Department Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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13
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Hermsen MA, Riobello C, García-Marín R, Cabal VN, Suárez-Fernández L, López F, Llorente JL. Translational genomics of sinonasal cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 61:101-109. [PMID: 31560943 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The sinonasal cavities harbor a wide variety of histologically distinct cancers, the majority very aggressive with 5-year survival rates between 30-60% and local recurrence as the main cause of death. This is a complex anatomic area, close to structures such the eyes and the brain, which is of special relevance for surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. The low incidence of these rare tumors hampers accumulation of experience with diagnosis and clinical managment as well as knowledge on recurrent genetic aberrations or testing of new treatment strategies. However, recent years have seen a growing number of publications on genetic aberrations providing data that can aid or fine-tune classification and provide molecular targets for treatment with specific inhibitors. In addition, new sinonasal cancer models are created that enable preclinical testing of candidate inhibitor drugs. With more and more novel targeted therapies being developed, options for personalized treatment of sinonasal cancer patients are now opening up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Hermsen
- Dept. Head and Neck Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Cristina Riobello
- Dept. Head and Neck Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Marín
- Dept. Head and Neck Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Virginia N Cabal
- Dept. Head and Neck Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Suárez-Fernández
- Dept. Head and Neck Oncology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Fernando López
- Dept. Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - José L Llorente
- Dept. Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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14
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The Role of SATB2 as a Diagnostic Marker of Sinonasal Intestinal-type Adenocarcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2018; 26:140-146. [PMID: 27258560 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (ITAC) of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is an uncommon tumor associated with exposure to wood and leather dust, nickel, and possibly smoking. ITAC shares phenotypical features with colorectal carcinoma. In contrast to most non-intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinomas, ITAC is an aggressive adenocarcinoma with poor clinical outcome; therefore, its reliable separation from non-ITAC is very important. AIM The use of a combination of immunohistochemical markers of intestinal differentiation was tested in a cohort of sinonasal carcinomas of different types. The aim of this study was to explore a new intestinal marker, SATB2, in conjunction with CDX2 and CK20 in differential diagnosis of sinonasal adenocarcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven ITACs, 66 non-ITACs, and 1 case of extensive intestinal metaplasia (IM) of the nasal mucosa were included in the study and stained with SATB2, CK20, CDX2, and CK7 antibodies. Detection of mismatch repair proteins was performed in all cases of ITAC. All 7 sinonasal ITACs have been tested for KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF gene mutations. RESULTS All ITACs showed positive expression for SATB2, whereas all non-ITAC cases were negative. The only 1 case of IM was found to be positive for SATB2, whereas the same case showed negative expression of CK20 and only focal immunostaining for CDX2. The genetic analysis showed that only 1 sinonasal ITAC (1/7) showed KRAS c.35G>C, p.(Gly12Ala) mutation, whereas BRAF and NRAS genes were wild type. Four ITACs revealed wild-type KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF, and 2 remaining cases were not analyzable. All ITACs showed preserved nuclear expression of mismatch repair proteins. CONCLUSIONS SATB2 in combination with CDX2 and CK20 differentiates sinonasal ITAC from non-ITAC with increased diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and detects IM in the sinonasal tract more easily.
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López-Hernández A, Pérez-Escuredo J, Vivanco B, García-Inclán C, Potes-Ares S, Cabal VN, Riobello C, Costales M, López F, Llorente JL, Hermsen MA. Genomic profiling of intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma reveals subgroups of patients with distinct clinical outcomes. Head Neck 2017; 40:259-273. [PMID: 28963820 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma (ITAC) have an unfavorable prognosis and new therapeutic approaches are needed to improve clinical management. METHODS Genetic analysis of 96 ITACs was performed by microarray comparative genomic hybridization and immunohistochemistry and correlated to previously obtained mutation, methylation, and protein expression data, and with pathological characteristics and clinical outcome. RESULTS Seven copy number alterations (CNAs) were significantly associated with unfavorable clinical outcome: gains at 1q22-23, 3q28-29, 6p22, and 13q31-33, and losses at 4p15-16, 4q32-35, and 10q24. Unsupervised cluster analysis resulted in 5 subgroups of ITAC with significantly distinct genetic signatures and clinical outcomes, independently of disease stage or histological subtype. CONCLUSION These data may guide studies to identify driver genes and signaling pathways involved in ITAC. In addition, the subclassification of genetic subgroups of patients with distinct clinical behavior can aid therapeutic decision making and may ultimately lead to personalized therapy with targeted inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro López-Hernández
- Department of Otolaryngology, IUOPA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Jhudit Pérez-Escuredo
- Department of Otolaryngology, IUOPA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Blanca Vivanco
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cristina García-Inclán
- Department of Otolaryngology, IUOPA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Sira Potes-Ares
- Department of Otolaryngology, IUOPA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Virginia N Cabal
- Department of Otolaryngology, IUOPA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Cristina Riobello
- Department of Otolaryngology, IUOPA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - María Costales
- Department of Otolaryngology, IUOPA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Fernando López
- Department of Otolaryngology, IUOPA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - José Luis Llorente
- Department of Otolaryngology, IUOPA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Mario A Hermsen
- Department of Otolaryngology, IUOPA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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16
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Intestinal-Type Adenocarcinoma: Classification, Immunophenotype, Molecular Features and Differential Diagnosis. Head Neck Pathol 2017; 11:295-300. [PMID: 28321774 PMCID: PMC5550401 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-017-0800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma is the second most frequent sinonasal adenocarcinoma. High incidence of these tumors is seen among workers with occupational wood dust exposure, particularly of hardwood dusts. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma has striking histomorphologic and immunophenotypic similarities with colorectal adenocarcinomas, but on the level of molecular pathologic mechanisms these tumors have their own specific features different from gastrointestinal tumors. This article provides an update on current histopathologic classification of intestinal-type adenocarcinomas, their immunophenotypic properties, recent advances in molecular pathologic features and differential diagnostic considerations.
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18
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Hoeben A, van de Winkel L, Hoebers F, Kross K, Driessen C, Slootweg P, Tjan-Heijnen VCG, van Herpen C. Intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinomas: The road to molecular diagnosis and personalized treatment. Head Neck 2016; 38:1564-70. [PMID: 27224655 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinomas (ITACs) are epithelial tumors of the nasal cavity and the paranasal sinuses, often related to professional exposure to organic dust, mainly wood or leather. It is a rare cancer. If resectable, surgery is the treatment of choice. Postoperative radiotherapy is often indicated to increase local control. Systemic treatment (chemotherapy, targeted agents, or immunotherapy) of irresectable ITACs and/or metastasized disease is less standardized. METHODS Articles on ITAC histopathology, molecular profile, and current treatment options of this specific tumor were identified and reviewed, using the electronic databases Pubmed, Medline, Cochrane, and Web of Science. RESULTS This article reviews what is currently known on the histopathology, tumorigenesis, molecular characteristics, and standardized treatment options of ITAC. CONCLUSION More translational research is needed to identify druggable targets that may lead to a personalized treatment plan in order to improve long-term outcome in patients with locally advanced and/or metastasized ITAC. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: First-1570, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Hoeben
- Division of Medical Oncology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Linda van de Winkel
- Division of Medical Oncology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Hoebers
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth Kross
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal Driessen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Slootweg
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vivianne C G Tjan-Heijnen
- Division of Medical Oncology, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carla van Herpen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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19
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Leivo I. Sinonasal Adenocarcinoma: Update on Classification, Immunophenotype and Molecular Features. Head Neck Pathol 2016; 10:68-74. [PMID: 26830399 PMCID: PMC4746143 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-016-0694-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Adenocarcinomas of the sinonasal tract may originate from respiratory surface epithelium or the underlying seromucinous glands. These malignancies are divided into salivary-type adenocarcinomas and non-salivary-type adenocarcinomas. The latter are further divided into intestinal-type and nonintestinal-type adenocarcinomas. This review provides an update on tumor classification, differential diagnostic considerations and molecular features, as well as new adenocarcinoma entities in the sinonasal area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilmo Leivo
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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20
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Abstract
The sinonasal cavities represent an anatomical region affected by a variety of tumours with clinical, aetiological, pathological, and genetic features distinct from tumours at the main head and neck cancer localizations. Together, squamous-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma account for 80% of all sinonasal tumours, and are aetiologically associated with professional exposure to wood and leather dust particles and other industrial compounds, and therefore, are officially recognized as an occupational disease. Owing to their distinctive characteristics, sinonasal tumours should be considered as separate entities, not to be included in the miscellany of head and neck cancers. Sinonasal tumours are rare, with an annual incidence of approximately 1 case per 100,000 inhabitants worldwide, a fact that has hampered molecular-genetic studies of the tumorigenic pathways and the testing of alternative treatment strategies. Nevertheless, the clinical management of sinonasal cancer has improved owing to advances in imaging techniques, endoscopic surgical approaches, and radiotherapy. Genetic profiling and the development of in vitro cell lines and animal models currently form the basis for future targeted anticancer therapies. We review these advances in our understanding and treatment of sinonasal tumours.
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21
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Trail overexpression inversely correlates with histological differentiation in intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma. Int J Surg Oncol 2013; 2013:203873. [PMID: 24223304 PMCID: PMC3816053 DOI: 10.1155/2013/203873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Despite their histological resemblance to colorectal adenocarcinoma, there is some information about the molecular events involved in the pathogenesis of intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinomas (ITACs). To evaluate the possible role of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) gene defects in ITAC, by investigating the immunohistochemical expression of TRAIL gene product in a group of ethmoidal ITACs associated with occupational exposure. Material and Methods. Retrospective study on 23 patients with pathological diagnosis of primary ethmoidal ITAC. Representative formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded block from each case was selected for immunohistochemical studies using the antibody against TRAIL. Clinicopathological data were also correlated with the staining results. Results. The immunohistochemical examination demonstrated that poorly differentiated cases showed a higher percentage of TRAIL expressing cells compared to well-differentiated cases. No correlation was found with other clinicopathological parameters, including T, stage and relapses. Conclusion. The relationship between upregulation of TRAIL and poorly differentiated ethmoidal adenocarcinomas suggests that the mutation of this gene, in combination with additional genetic events, could play a role in the pathogenesis of ITAC.
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22
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Vivanco Allende B, Perez-Escuredo J, Fuentes Martínez N, Fresno Forcelledo MF, Llorente Pendás JL, Hermsen M. Adenocarcinomas nasosinusales tipo intestinal. Perfil inmunohistoquímico de 66 casos. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2013; 64:115-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otorri.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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23
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Vivanco Allende B, Perez-Escuredo J, Fuentes Martínez N, Fresno Forcelledo MF, Llorente Pendás JL, Hermsen M. Intestinal-type Sinonasal Adenocarcinomas. Immunohistochemical Profile of 66 Cases. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otoeng.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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García-Inclán C, López F, Pérez-Escuredo J, Cuesta-Albalad MP, Vivanco B, Centeno I, Balbín M, Suárez C, Llorente JL, Hermsen MA. EGFR status and KRAS/BRAF mutations in intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinomas. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2012; 35:443-50. [PMID: 23055340 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-012-0103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma (ITAC) is a rare tumour that is etiologically related to professional exposure to wood dust and exhibits a poor prognosis. Treatment alternatives to surgery and radiotherapy are needed and may be found in anti-EGFR agents. EGFR gene copy number gains and KRAS/BRAF mutations have been reported to act as positive and negative predictors, respectively, of therapeutic response to EGFR targeted therapies in colorectal adenocarcinoma, a tumour type claimed to be genetically similar to ITAC. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence and consequence of EGFR alterations and KRAS and BRAF mutations in a large series of ITAC. METHODS EGFR protein expression was studied in 98 paraffin embedded tissue samples, organized in a tissue microarray. Gene copy number analysis was performed by FISH using the same tissue microarray, complemented by microarray CGH and MLPA analysis on DNA extracted from 65 fresh frozen tissues. Mutations in EGFR, KRAS and BRAF were analysed by direct sequencing on 65 fresh frozen tissues. RESULTS EGFR gene copy number gains were observed in 45 %, and protein over-expression in 21 % of the cases. No mutations were found in EGFR or BRAF, while KRAS mutations were present in 12 % of the cases. Neither protein overexpression nor gene copy number gain correlated to histological subtype, tumour stage or clinical follow-up. CONCLUSION In the largest series of ITAC published to date, and using a number of different techniques, EGFR alterations were frequently observed. Although apparently not useful as a prognostic factor, there may be a basis for investigating EGFR targeted therapies in this group of patients, especially because negative response predictors such as KRAS and BRAF mutations are infrequent or absent, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina García-Inclán
- Department of Otolaryngology, IUOPA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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25
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Re M, Magliulo G, Tarchini P, Mallardi V, Rubini C, Santarelli A, Lo Muzio L. p53 and BCL-2 over-expression inversely correlates with histological differentiation in occupational ethmoidal intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2011; 24:603-9. [PMID: 21978692 DOI: 10.1177/039463201102400306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their histological resemblance to colorectal adenocarcinoma, there is little information on the molecular events involved in the pathogenesis of intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma (ITACs). The aim of this paper is to evaluate the possible role of TP53 and Bcl-2 gene defects in ITAC by investigating the immunohistochemical expression of TP53 and Bcl-2 gene products in a group of ethmoidal ITACs associated with occupational exposure. A retrospective study on 15 patients with pathological diagnosis of primary ethmoidal ITAC was conducted. Representative formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded block from each case was selected for immunohistochemical studies using the antibodies against p53 and Bcl-2. Clinical-pathological data were also correlated with the staining results. The results of immunohistochemical examination demonstrated that poorly differentiated cases showed a higher percentage of p53 and Bcl-2 expressing cells in comparison to well-differentiated cases. No correlation was found with other clinico-pathological parameters, including T, stage and relapses. The relationship between up-regulation of p53 and Bcl-2 and poorly differentiated ethmoidal adenocarcinoma suggests a role of these genes, in combination with additional genetic events, in the pathogenesis of ITAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Re
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
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26
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Franchi A, Palomba A, Fondi C, Miligi L, Paglierani M, Pepi M, Santucci M. Immunohistochemical investigation of tumorigenic pathways in sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinoma. A tissue microarray analysis of 62 cases. Histopathology 2011; 59:98-105. [PMID: 21668475 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.03887.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (ITAC) is an uncommon neoplasm morphologically similar to colorectal adenocarcinoma, with a well-recognized association with occupational exposure to wood or leather dusts. Here, we analyse several gene products with pivotal roles in tumorigenesis, including p53, p16, deleted in colon cancer (DCC), retinoblastoma, adenomatous polyposis coli, β-catenin, E-cadherin and CD10, and discuss their relation to clinical behaviour and to similar pathways in colorectal adenocarcinomas. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis of 62 ITACs was conducted on a tissue microarray. Aberrant expression of p53 and p16 were the most commonly observed alterations (61.3% and 64.5% of cases, respectively). Analysis according to the histological subtype showed that p53 overexpression was less frequent in mucinous ITACs (35.3% versus 71.1%, P = 0.018), while loss of DCC and E-cadherin were observed more frequently in this subtype (76.5% versus 31.1%, P=0.002 and 82.4% versus 31.1%, P<0.001, respectively). No correlation was found between the aberrant expression of these and clinical behaviour while mucinous adenocarcinomas had a significantly worse prognosis, with shorter disease-free interval and overall survival (P=0.005 and P<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Mucinous ITACs appear to follow a distinct molecular pathway(s) from the non-mucinous variants, and pursue an aggressive clinical behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Franchi
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, University of Florence Medical School, Florence, Italy.
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27
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Pérez-Escuredo J, García Martínez J, García-Inclán C, Vivanco B, Costales M, Álvarez Marcos C, Llorente JL, Hermsen MA. Establishment and genetic characterization of an immortal tumor cell line derived from intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2011; 34:23-31. [PMID: 21360264 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-010-0002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma (ITAC) is a rare tumor etiologically related to professional exposure to wood dust. The overall prognosis is poor, mainly due to the difficulty to resect the tumor completely in this anatomically complex region. Therefore, there is great need for alternative treatments. However, the lack of a good tumor model system for ITAC has hampered the development and testing of new therapeutic agents. Here, we report the establishment and characterization of the first human ITAC cell line named ITAC-3. METHODS The cell line was initiated from small explants of a T4bN0M0 colonic type ITAC from the ethmoid sinus. Growth and invasion parameters as well as genetic characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS The population doubling time was 18 h and the cell line was capable of invasion in matrigel. Chromosomal analysis showed a tetraploid karyotype with both numerical and structural aberrations. High resolution microarray CGH analysis identified many copy number alterations, including homozygous deletions. TP53 carried a mutation c.818G>T in exon eight concurring with a strong nuclear protein overexpression. Immunohistochemical analysis showed protein overexpression of EGFR and normal expression of β-catenin and p16. CONCLUSION This is the first report of the establishment of a cell line derived from a primary ITAC. The genomic profile of the cell line was the same as the primary tumor from which it was derived. This new cell line will be a useful tool for the development and testing of new therapeutic agents for this tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhudit Pérez-Escuredo
- Department of Otolaryngology, IUOPA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
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28
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Abstract
Although squamous cell carcinoma is the most frequent malignant diagnosis made with upper aerodigestive tract specimens, a myriad of neoplasms can occur throughout the area. Very uncommonly, one encounters adenocarcinomas that cannot be better classified as salivary gland-type neoplasia. This manuscript reviews these tumors, including sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinomas, sinonasal low-grade and high-grade nonintestinal adenocarcinomas and nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinomas. Clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical features and differential diagnoses are discussed.
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29
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Poizat F, Gonzalez AM, Raynaud P, Baldet P, Garrel R, Crampette L, Costes V. [Adenocarcinomas of nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses: Diagnostic pitfalls in sinonasal glandular lesions]. Ann Pathol 2009; 29:286-95. [PMID: 19900634 DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2009.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Among primitive adenocarcinoma of nasal cavity and paranasal sinus, the 2005 WHO classification distinguishes two main categories: intestinal type adenocarcinoma (ITAC) and low-grade non-intestinal adenocarcinoma, entities with different clinical and epidemiological characteristics. Low-grade adenocarcinoma shows a respiratory type phenotype (CK20-/CK7+/CDX2-/villin-) and ITACs, an intestinal type profile (CK20+/CK7-/CDX2+/villin+). Because of histological, ultrastructural and phenotypical similarities between ITAC and colorectal adenocarcinomas, several studies have discussed a possible common pathway in carcinogenesis. But the review of literature shows conflicting results, suggesting different pathways of pathogenesis. Differential diagnoses of sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinoma are mainly respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartomas, inverted schneiderian papillomas, salivary glands-type carcinoma and more rarely metastasis of adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Poizat
- Service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologique, hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac, CHU de Montpellier, 80, avenue Augustin-Fliche, 34295 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
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Martínez JG, Pérez-Escuredo J, López F, Suárez C, Alvarez-Marcos C, Llorente JL, Hermsen MA. Microsatellite instability analysis of sinonasal carcinomas. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2009; 140:55-60. [PMID: 19130962 DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2008.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2008] [Revised: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma (ITAC) and squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal cavity (SCCNC) are histopathologically but not etiologically similar to colorectal adenocarcinoma or to laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. Microsatellite instability (MSI) is involved in both tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible role for MSI in the pathogenesis of two types of nasal carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS DNA obtained from frozen tumor samples of 41 ITACs and 24 SCCNCs was analyzed for shifts in five mononucleotide microsatellite loci by multiplex PCR. RESULTS The allelic patterns of one ITAC (2%) and five SCCNCs (21%) revealed an allelic shift for at least one of the five loci, indicating microsatellite instability. CONCLUSION MSI may be involved in squamous cell carcinoma, but not in adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge García Martínez
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, IUOPA, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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Hermsen MA, Llorente JL, Pérez-Escuredo J, López F, Ylstra B, Álvarez-Marcos C, Suárez C. Genome-wide analysis of genetic changes in intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma. Head Neck 2009; 31:290-7. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.20973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Llorente JL, Pérez-Escuredo J, Alvarez-Marcos C, Suárez C, Hermsen M. Genetic and clinical aspects of wood dust related intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma: a review. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2008; 266:1-7. [PMID: 18560862 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-008-0749-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal-type sinonasal adenocarcinoma (ITAC) is a rare epithelial cancer of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses. Exposure to wood dust particles is a strong etiological factor making it a professional disease. These tumors are locally aggressive with frequent local recurrences in up to 50% of cases. Metastasis to regional lymph nodes and distant metastasis are less frequent (10%). Invasion of the duramater and local recurrence are frequent and the major cause of death. Standard therapeutic modalities include surgery followed by radiotherapy in advanced stages, sometimes with chemotherapy treatment. The molecular genetic mechanisms underlying the development and progression of this tumor is not understood. Histopathologically, ITAC resembles colorectal adenocarcinoma and have directed early genetic studies to search for similar genetic alterations. Recently, genome-wide studies have identified a recurrent pattern of chromosomal aberrations. This review aims to describe the clinico-pathological characteristics of this relatively unknown tumor and to summarize the knowledge on genetic and chromosomal analyses up to the present time.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Llorente
- Department of Otolaryngology, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Edificio H Covadonga 1 feminine Planta Centro, Lab 2, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Celestino Villamil s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
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Frattini M, Perrone F, Suardi S, Balestra D, Caramuta S, Colombo F, Licitra L, Cantù G, Pierotti MA, Pilotti S. Phenotype–genotype correlation: Challenge of intestinal-type adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Head Neck 2006; 28:909-15. [PMID: 16906516 DOI: 10.1002/hed.20433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (ITAC) of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses shows microscopic features indistinguishable from colorectal cancer. Our aim was to verify whether the morphologic resemblances mirror genetic profile similarities. METHODS Twenty consecutive surgically treated ITAC cases, previously investigated for p16(INK4a) and TP53, were investigated for hMLH1, hMSH2, and beta-catenin immunoreactivity, and for adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), K-ras, and BRAF gene mutations. RESULTS One case was immunonegative for both hMLH1 and hMSH2, and 12 tumors (40%) revealed a strong beta-catenin overexpression. No BRAF and APC truncating mutations were identified, whereas K-ras mutations were detected in 9 ITACs (50%). CONCLUSIONS Our data confirm the phenotypic similarities at the genetic level between colorectal cancer and ITACs showing deregulation of K-Ras/BRAF and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of chromosome 18q. By contrast, both frequency rate and type of inactivation of the APC-beta-catenin pathway differ in the 2 tumors, suggesting different gatekeeper events in the early development of ITAC (p16(INK4a) and TP53) and colorectal cancer (APC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Milo Frattini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133 Milan, Italy
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