1
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Xia L, Zheng ZZ, Liu JY, Chen YJ, Ding JC, Xia NS, Luo WX, Liu W. EGFR-targeted CAR-T cells are potent and specific in suppressing triple-negative breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e01135. [PMID: 32373345 PMCID: PMC7196685 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is well known for its strong invasiveness, rapid recurrence and poor prognosis. Immunotherapy, including chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T) cells, has emerged as a promising tool to treat TNBC. The identification of a specific target tumor antigen and the design of an effective CAR are among the many challenges of CAR-T therapy. Methods We reported that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is highly expressed in TNBC and consequently designed an optimal third generation of CAR targeting EGFR. The efficacy of primary T lymphocytes infected with EGFR CAR lentivirus (EGFR CAR-T) against TNBC was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The signalling pathways activated in tumor and EGFR CAR-T cells were revealed by RNA sequencing analysis. Results Third-generation EGFR CAR-T cells exerted potent and specific suppression of TNBC cell growth in vitro, whereas limited cytotoxicity was observed towards normal breast epithelial cells or oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. This capability was further demonstrated in vivo in a xenograft mouse model, with minimal off-tumor cytotoxicity. Mechanistically, in vitro stimulation with TNBC cells induced the expansion of naïve-associated EGFR CAR-T cells and enhanced their persistence. Furthermore, EGFR CAR-T cells activated the interferon γ, granzyme-perforin-PARP and Fas-FADD-caspase signalling pathways in TNBC cells. Conclusion We demonstrate that EGFR is a relevant immunotherapeutic target in TNBC, and EGFR CAR-T exhibits potent and specific antitumor activity against TNBC, suggesting the potential of this third-generation EGFR CAR-T as an immunotherapy tool to treat TNBC in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xia
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases School of Public Health School of Life Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Zao-Zao Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Jun-Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases School of Public Health School of Life Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Yu-Jie Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Jian-Cheng Ding
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Ning-Shao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases School of Public Health School of Life Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Wen-Xin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases School of Public Health School of Life Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen China
| | - Wen Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases School of Public Health School of Life Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen China
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2
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Tran PN, Zhuang L, Nangia CI, Mehta RS. Dramatic Response to Carboplatin, Paclitaxel, and Radiation in a Patient With Malignant Myoepithelioma of the Breast. Oncologist 2016; 21:1492-1494. [PMID: 27473043 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2016-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Phu N Tran
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA
| | - Lefan Zhuang
- Department of Pathology, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA
| | - Chaital I Nangia
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA
| | - Rita S Mehta
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA
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3
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Mehrian-Shai R, Yalon M, Moshe I, Barshack I, Nass D, Jacob J, Dor C, Reichardt JKV, Constantini S, Toren A. Identification of genomic aberrations in hemangioblastoma by droplet digital PCR and SNP microarray highlights novel candidate genes and pathways for pathogenesis. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:56. [PMID: 26768750 PMCID: PMC4712606 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The genetic mechanisms underlying hemangioblastoma development are still largely unknown. We used high-resolution single nucleotide polymorphism microarrays and droplet digital PCR analysis to detect copy number variations (CNVs) in total of 45 hemangioblastoma tumors. Results We identified 94 CNVs with a median of 18 CNVs per sample. The most frequently gained regions were on chromosomes 1 (p36.32) and 7 (p11.2). These regions contain the EGFR and PRDM16 genes. Recurrent losses were located at chromosome 12 (q24.13), which includes the gene PTPN11. Conclusions Our findings provide the first high-resolution genome-wide view of chromosomal changes in hemangioblastoma and identify 23 candidate genes: EGFR, PRDM16, PTPN11, HOXD11, HOXD13, FLT3, PTCH, FGFR1, FOXP1, GPC3, HOXC13, HOXC11, MKL1, CHEK2, IRF4, GPHN, IKZF1, RB1, HOXA9, and micro RNA, such as hsa-mir-196a-2 for hemangioblastoma pathogenesis. Furthermore, our data implicate that cell proliferation and angiogenesis promoting pathways may be involved in the molecular pathogenesis of hemangioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruty Mehrian-Shai
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Michal Yalon
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Itai Moshe
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Iris Barshack
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
| | - Dvorah Nass
- Institute of Pathology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
| | - Jasmine Jacob
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Chen Dor
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Juergen K V Reichardt
- Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
| | - Shlomi Constantini
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Dana Children's Hospital, Tel-Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - Amos Toren
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Edmond and Lilly Safra Children's Hospital and Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer affiliated to the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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4
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Guimarães M, Carvalho M, Pires I, Prada J, Gil AG, Lopes C, Queiroga F. Concurrent Expression of Cyclo-oxygenase-2 and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Canine Malignant Mammary Tumours. J Comp Pathol 2014; 150:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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5
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Carvalho MI, Guimarães MJ, Pires I, Prada J, Silva-Carvalho R, Lopes C, Queiroga FL. EGFR and microvessel density in canine malignant mammary tumours. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:1094-9. [PMID: 24091029 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor which has been shown to have an important role in human breast cancer. Its role appears to be associated with increased angiogenesis and metastasis. In order to clarify its role in canine mammary tumours (CMT), 61 malignant neoplasms were studied by using immunohistochemistry, comparing expression of EGFR, microvessel density (MVD) by CD31 immunolabelling and characteristics of tumour aggressiveness. High EGFR immunoexpression was statistically significantly associated with tumour size, tumour necrosis, mitotic grade, histological grade of malignancy and clinical stage. High CD31 immunoreactivity was statistically significantly associated with tubule formation, histological grade of malignancy and clinical stage. A positive correlation between EGFR and CD31 immunoexpression (r = 0.843; P < 0.001) was also observed. Results suggest that an over-expression of EGFR may contribute to increased angiogenesis and aggression in malignant CMT, presenting the possibility of using EGFR inhibitors in the context of metastatic disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Isabel Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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6
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Li H, Duhachek-Muggy S, Qi Y, Hong Y, Behbod F, Zolkiewska A. An essential role of metalloprotease-disintegrin ADAM12 in triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 135:759-69. [PMID: 22926263 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In the absence of HER2 overexpression, triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) rely on signaling by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB1/HER1) to convey growth signals and stimulate cell proliferation. Soluble EGF-like ligands are derived from their transmembrane precursors by ADAM proteases, but the identity of the ADAM that is primarily responsible for ligand release and activation of EGFR in TNBCs is not clear. Using publicly available gene expression data for patients with lymph node-negative breast tumors who did not receive systemic treatment, we show that ADAM12L is the only ADAM with an expression level significantly associated with decreased distant metastasis-free survival times. Similar effect was not observed for patients with ER-negative non-TNBCs. There was a positive correlation between ADAM12L and HB-EGF and EGFR in TNBCs, but not in ER-negative non-TNBCs. We further demonstrate that ectopic expression of ADAM12L increased EGFR phosphorylation in a mouse intraductal xenograft model of early breast cancer. Finally, we detect strong correlation between the level of anti-ADAM12L and anti-phospho-EGFR immunostaining in human breast tumors using tissue microarrays. These studies suggest that ADAM12L is the primary protease responsible for the activation of EGFR in early stage, lymph node-negative TNBCs. Thus, our results may provide novel insight into the biology of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Kansas State University, Chalmers Hall 141, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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7
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Novel therapeutic strategies for malignant salivary gland tumors: lessons learned from breast cancer. Int J Otolaryngol 2011; 2011:187623. [PMID: 22164169 PMCID: PMC3227505 DOI: 10.1155/2011/187623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant salivary gland tumors (MSGTs) account for 2–6% of all head and neck cancers. Despite the rarity, MSGTs have been of great interest due to a wide variety of pathological features and high metastasis rates resulting in poor prognosis. Surgical resection followed by radiation therapy represents the main treatment of this malignancy. Adjuvant therapy is reserved for the management of local recurrence, no longer amenable to additional local therapy, and for metastasis. Based on the studies from other types of tumors, particularly breast cancer, the expression and function of sex steroid hormone receptors in cancer have been extensively studied and applied to diagnosis and treatment. Although a number of studies in MSGTs have been published, the rationale for hormone therapy is still controversial due to the disparate results and insufficient number of cases. However, some recent reports have demonstrated that certain salivary gland neoplasms are similar to breast cancer, not only in terms of the pathological features, but also at the molecular level. Here, we shed light on the biological similarity between MSGTs and certain types of breast cancer, and describe the potential use of hormone and additional therapies for MSGTs.
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8
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Molecular heterogeneity of triple-negative breast cancer and its clinical implications. Curr Opin Oncol 2011; 23:566-77. [DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e32834bf8ae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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Wagh PK, Gray JK, Zinser GM, Vasiliauskas J, James L, Monga SP, Waltz SE. β-Catenin is required for Ron receptor-induced mammary tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2011; 30:3694-704. [PMID: 21423209 PMCID: PMC3134560 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that selective overexpression of the Ron receptor tyrosine kinase in the murine mammary epithelium leads to mammary tumor formation. Biochemical analysis of mammary tumor lysates showed that Ron overexpression was associated with increases in β-catenin expression and tyrosine phosphorylation. β-Catenin has also been shown to be regulated through tyrosine phosphorylation by the receptor tyrosine kinases Met, Fer and Fyn. However, the molecular and physiological roles of β-catenin and β-catenin tyrosine phosphorylation downstream of Ron are not known. To investigate this association, we show that Ron and β-catenin are coordinately elevated in human breast cancers. Our data also demonstrate that activation of Ron, through ligand binding by hepatocyte growth factor-like protein (HGFL), induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of β-catenin, primarily on tyrosine residues Tyr 654 and Tyr 670. In addition, HGFL-mediated Ron activation induces both β-catenin nuclear localization and transcriptional activity, with Tyr 654 and Tyr 670 residues of β-catenin being critical for these processes. We also demonstrate that a knockdown of Ron in breast cancer cell lines leads to a loss of HGFL-induced β-catenin-dependent transcriptional activation and cell growth, which can be rescued by activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Moreover, we show that HGFL-dependent Ron activation mediates upregulation of the β-catenin target genes cyclin D1 and c-myc, and that expression of these target genes in breast cancer cells is decreased following inhibition of Ron and/or β-catenin. Finally, we show that genetic ablation of β-catenin in Ron-expressing breast cancer cells decreases cellular proliferation in vitro, as well as mammary tumor growth and metastasis, following orthotopic transplantation into the mammary fat pad. Together, our data suggest that β-catenin is a crucial downstream regulator of Ron receptor activation and is an important mediator of mammary tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Wagh
- Department of Cancer and Cell Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521, USA
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10
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Abstract
This Review outlines the understanding and management of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). TNBC shares morphological and genetic abnormalities with basal-like breast cancer (BLBC), a subgroup of breast cancer defined by gene-expression profiling. However, TNBC and BLBC tumors are heterogeneous and overlap is incomplete. Breast cancers found in BRCA1 mutation carriers are also frequently triple negative and basal like. TNBC and BLBC occur most frequently in young women, especially African Americans, and tend to exhibit aggressive, metastatic behavior. These tumors respond to conventional chemotherapy but relapse more frequently than hormone receptor-positive, luminal subtypes and have a worse prognosis. New systemic therapies are urgently needed as most patients with TNBC and/or BLBC relapse with distant metastases, and hormonal therapies and HER2-targeted agents are ineffective in this group of tumors. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, angiogenesis inhibitors, EGFR-targeted agents, and src kinase and mTOR inhibitors are among the therapeutic agents being actively investigated in clinical trials in patients with TNBC and/or BRCA1-associated tumors. Increased understanding of the genetic abnormalities involved in the pathogenesis of TNBC, BLBC and BRCA1-associated tumors is opening up new therapeutic possibilities for these hard-to-treat breast cancers.
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11
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Chen GJ, Karajannis MA, Newcomb EW, Zagzag D. Overexpression and activation of epidermal growth factor receptor in hemangioblastomas. J Neurooncol 2010; 99:195-200. [PMID: 20730556 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-010-0125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hemangioblastomas frequently develop in patients with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease, an autosomal dominant genetic disorder. The tumors are characterized by a dense network of blood capillaries, often in association with cysts. Although activation of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been implicated in the development of malignant brain tumors such as high-grade gliomas, little is known about the role of RTK signaling in hemangioblastomas. To address this issue, we examined hemangioblastoma tumor specimens using receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation profiling and immunohistochemistry. Six human hemangioblastomas were analyzed with a phospho-RTK antibody array, revealing EGFR phosphorylation in all tumors. EGFR expression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry in all tumors analyzed and downstream effector pathway activation was demonstrated by positive staining for phospho-AKT. Our findings suggest that, in primary hemangioblastomas, RTK upregulation and signaling predominantly involves EGFR, providing an attractive molecular target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Chen
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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12
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Kuroda N, Ohara M, Inoue K, Mizuno K, Fujishima N, Hamaguchi N, Lee GH. The majority of triple-negative breast cancer may correspond to basal-like carcinoma, but triple-negative breast cancer is not identical to basal-like carcinoma. Med Mol Morphol 2009; 42:128-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00795-008-0428-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Gama A, Gärtner F, Alves A, Schmitt F. Immunohistochemical expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in canine mammary tissues. Res Vet Sci 2009; 87:432-7. [PMID: 19464036 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) has been extensively studied in human breast cancer; however, systematic studies of EGFR protein expression in canine mammary gland tumours are lacking. Therefore, we evaluated its immunohistochemical expression in a series of 136 canine mammary tumours and representative areas of adjacent normal and hyperplastic mammary tissue and investigated a possible correlation between EGFR overexpression and several clinicopathological parameters and survival. In normal and hyperplastic canine mammary glands, EGFR expression was consistently observed in myoepithelial cells, with luminal cells usually negative. In tumour tissues, EGFR overexpression was found in 9 benign (19.6%) and 38 malignant (42.2%) lesions, with EGFR positivity significantly related with malignancy. Besides animal age and tumour size, there were no significant associations between other clinicopathological parameters and EGFR overexpression. On survival analysis, tumours with EGFR overexpression showed a reduced disease-free and overall survival; however these associations failed to reach statistically significant levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gama
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, CECAV, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-811 Vila Real, Portugal
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14
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Clinicopathological Features of Tumors as Predictors of the Efficacy of Primary Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Operable Breast Cancer. World J Surg 2008; 33:44-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00268-008-9800-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Nalwoga H, Arnes JB, Wabinga H, Akslen LA. Expression of EGFR and c-kit is associated with the basal-like phenotype in breast carcinomas of African women. APMIS 2008; 116:515-25. [PMID: 18754326 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2008.01024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and c-kit are tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors which are frequently expressed in basal-like breast carcinomas, and tyrosine kinase inhibition is now a promising strategy in treatment of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of EGFR and c-kit in breast cancer with special focus on the basal-like phenotype (BLP) and other prognostic factors in an African population. We analyzed 65 archival tissues immunohistologically. EGFR and/or c-kit were expressed in 55% of basal-like tumors. Expression of EGFR and/or c-kit was strongly associated with high histologic grade (P=0.001), high nuclear grade (P=0.017), high mitotic counts (P=0.002), ER negativity (P=0.003), PR negativity (P=0.007), and HER2 negativity (P=0.014). EGFR and/or c-kit positive tumors were more likely to express the BLP (OR 9.1, CI 2.6-32.0, P<0.0005) than the negative tumors. In conclusion, there is a high expression of EGFR and/or c-kit in basal-like breast carcinoma in this series from Uganda and their expression is associated with features of poor prognosis. More studies are required to assess the clinical significance of EGFR and c-kit in breast cancer patients in Uganda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawa Nalwoga
- The Gade Institute, Section for Pathology, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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16
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Hayes MM, Peterse JL, Yavuz E, Vischer GH, Eusebi V. Squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the breast: a light microscopic and immunohistochemical study of a previously undescribed lesion. Am J Surg Pathol 2007; 31:1414-9. [PMID: 17721198 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e31803d15dd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Three cases of squamous carcinoma in situ of the breast, one with an invasive component are described in women aged 35, 51, and 59 years. Two cases were detected by screening mammography. In 1 case, the squamous ductal carcinoma in situ was extensive. All cases showed obvious squamous features on standard hematoxylin and eosin sections. The in situ component of the lesions and the squamous differentiation were supported by immunohistochemistry. In 2 cases, the neoplastic cells showed actin positivity indicating myoepithelial cell differentiation. One case showed trilineage differentiation into luminal, squamous, and myoepithelial cells. These cases illustrate a variant of duct carcinoma in situ that has not been described in the current literature and provide insights into the dual epithelial-myoepithelial differentiation of some breast neoplasms.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Breast Neoplasms/chemistry
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Lineage
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Mammography
- Microscopy
- Middle Aged
- Myoepithelioma/chemistry
- Myoepithelioma/diagnosis
- Myoepithelioma/pathology
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm M Hayes
- Department of Pathology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
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Zinser GM, Leonis MA, Toney K, Pathrose P, Thobe M, Kader SA, Peace BE, Beauman SR, Collins MH, Waltz SE. Mammary-specific Ron receptor overexpression induces highly metastatic mammary tumors associated with beta-catenin activation. Cancer Res 2007; 66:11967-74. [PMID: 17178895 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-2473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Activated growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) play pivotal roles in a variety of human cancers, including breast cancer. Ron, a member of the Met RTK proto-oncogene family, is overexpressed or constitutively active in 50% of human breast cancers. To define the significance of Ron overexpression and activation in vivo, we generated transgenic mice that overexpress a wild-type or constitutively active Ron receptor in the mammary epithelium. In these animals, Ron expression is significantly elevated in mammary glands and leads to a hyperplastic phenotype by 12 weeks of age. Ron overexpression is sufficient to induce mammary transformation in all transgenic animals and is associated with a high degree of metastasis, with metastatic foci detected in liver and lungs of >86% of all transgenic animals. Furthermore, we show that Ron overexpression leads to receptor phosphorylation and is associated with elevated levels of tyrosine phosphorylated beta-catenin and the up-regulation of genes, including cyclin D1 and c-myc, which are associated with poor prognosis in patients with human breast cancers. These studies suggest that Ron overexpression may be a causative factor in breast tumorigenesis and provides a model to dissect the mechanism by which the Ron induces transformation and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glendon M Zinser
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
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18
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Reis-Filho JS, Pinheiro C, Lambros MBK, Milanezi F, Carvalho S, Savage K, Simpson PT, Jones C, Swift S, Mackay A, Reis RM, Hornick JL, Pereira EM, Baltazar F, Fletcher CDM, Ashworth A, Lakhani SR, Schmitt FC. EGFR amplification and lack of activating mutations in metaplastic breast carcinomas. J Pathol 2006; 209:445-53. [PMID: 16739104 DOI: 10.1002/path.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Metaplastic breast carcinomas are reported to harbour epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression in up to 80% of the cases, but EGFR gene amplification is the underlying genetic mechanism in around one-third of these. In this study, EGFR gene amplification as defined by chromogenic in situ hybridization and protein overexpression was examined in a cohort of 47 metaplastic breast carcinomas. Furthermore, the presence of activating EGFR mutations in exons 18, 19, 20, and 21 was investigated. Thirty-two cases showed EGFR overexpression and of these, 11 (34%) harboured EGFR gene amplification. In addition, EGFR amplification showed a statistically significant association with EGFR overexpression (p < 0.0094) and was restricted to carcinomas with homologous metaplasia. Ten cases, five with and five without EGFR amplification, were subjected to microarray-based CGH, which demonstrated that EGFR copy number gain may occur by amplification of a discrete genomic region or by gains of the short arm of chromosome 7 with a breakpoint near the EGFR gene locus, the minimal region of amplification mapping to EGFR, LANCL2, and SEC61G. No activating EGFR mutations were identified, suggesting that this is unlikely to be a common alternative underlying genetic mechanism for EGFR expression in metaplastic breast carcinomas. Given that metaplastic breast carcinomas are resistant to conventional chemotherapy or hormone therapy regimens and that tumours with EGFR amplification are reported to be sensitive to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, these findings indicate that further studies are warranted to explore EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for metaplastic breast carcinomas harbouring amplification of 7p11.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Reis-Filho
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
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